STAGES IN U.S. EXPANSION

• 1803: Louisiana Purchase• 1823: Proclamation of the Monroe Doctrine• 1846-47: Mexican-American War• 1867: Alaska Purchase• 1890: Wounded Knee Massacre marks the end of the

Indian Wars• 1898: Conquest of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Phillippines;

formal annexation of Hawaii• 1904: Proclamation of the Roosevelt Corollary to the

Monroe Doctrine• 1906-14: Construction of the Panama Canal

McKinley campaign poster, 1896:

He championed protective tariffs and

the Gold Standard against William Jennings Bryan

THE CARIBBEAN AROUND 1914

THE USS MAINE ENTERS HAVANA HARBOR, JANUARY 1898

261 of the 355 crew members died after the explosion on February 15

“Destruction of Admiral Cervara’s Spanish Fleetoff Santiago de Cuba in 1898”

Col. Theodor Roosevelt and his “Rough Riders”on San Juan Hill, July 1, 1898

Theodore Roosevelt(1858-1919)

• Rancher, hunter, naturalist, and historian

• New York City Police Commissioner

• Appointed Asst. Secretary of the Navy in 1897

• Founded the Rough Riders in 1898

• Elected governor of New York, November 1898

• Chosen as McKinley’s Vice-President in 1900

• U.S. President, 1901-08, offering the “Square Deal”

THE “ROOSEVELT COROLLARY” TO THE MONROE DOCTRINE(from Theodore Roosevelt’s “Fourth Annual Message to

Congress,” December 6, 1904)

“It is not true that the United States feels any land hunger or entertains any projects as regards the other nations of the Western Hemisphere save such as are for their welfare. All that this country desires is to see the neighboring countries stable, orderly, and prosperous…. If a nation shows that it knows how to act with reasonable efficiency and decency in social and political matters, if it keeps order and pays its obligations, it need fear no interference from the United States. Chronic wrongdoing, or an impotence which results in a general loosening of the ties of civilized society, may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of an international police power.”

The Panama Canal

(built from 1906 to 1914)