2.5.2017

STAGE V REQUIREMENTS FOR OFF-ROAD ENGINES PEKKA NOUSIAINEN / AGCO POWER ENGINEERING

8TH CIMAC CASCADES

SEMINAR FOR YOUNG ENGINEERS

”SMART, CLEAN & EFFICIENT ENERGY CONVERSION SOLUTIONS”

MAY 4-5, 2017, HELSINKI

2.5.2017

TECHNOLOGY EVOLUTION Off-road Diesel engine evolution from 50´s till today

Power density (BMEP) increase, fuel consumption decrease

Breakthrough for electronic control and aftertreatment systems in 2000´s

1957 - 2017

2.5.2017

AGCO POWER CURRENT TECHNOLOGY Optimized base engine raw emissions & efficient DOC+SCR

DOC = Diesel Oxidation Catalyst

SCR = Selective Catalytic Reduction

ASC = Ammonia Slip Cat

2.5.2017

1

AGCO Corporation & AGCO Power 1

Applications 2

Stage V legislation 3

Stage V technology 4

Summary 5

2.5.2017

LEADING BRANDS

2.5.2017 6

AGCO CORPORATION

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Linnavuori, Finland

Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil

Changzhou, China

General Rodriguez, Argentina

AGCO POWER FOUR ENGINE FACTORIES

2.5.2017

1

AGCO Corporation & AGCO Power 1

Applications 2

Stage V legislation 3

Stage V technology 4

Summary 5

2.5.2017

AGCO POWER REFERENCES - TRACTORS

2.5.2017

AGCO POWER REFERENCES – AGRICULTURAL APPLICATIONS

2.5.2017

AGCO POWER REFERENCES – OTHER OFF-ROAD APPLICATIONS

2.5.2017

AGCO POWER APPLICATIONS LOAD PROFILES Huge variety in load profiles

o Exhaust gas

temperature variations

o Challenge for optimization of base engine and aftertreatment systems

T [degC]

2.5.2017

1

AGCO Corporation & AGCO Power 1

Applications 2

Stage V legislation 3

Stage V technology 4

Summary 5

2.5.2017

AGCO POWER EXHAUST EMISSIONS LEGISLATION Stage V particulate number (PN) limit *) forces to use Diesel Particulate Filter

0,7

0,6

0,5

0,4

0,3

0,2

0,1

0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

NOx [g/kWh]

Part

icu

late

s [

g/k

Wh

]

Stage V (2019)

*) = 1*1012 PN/kWh, for particles > 23 nm

2.5.2017

AGCO POWER EXHAUST EMISSIONS LEGISLATION Real Driving Emissions (RDE) monitoring in the field

o Continuous monitoring via sensors and actuators

o Stage V In-Service Monitoring

Will be performed in the field as a separate campaigns,

with customer vehicles

Measured with PEMS (NOx, CO, CO2 and HC) by the

engine manufacturer

Collected data will be evaluated by European

Commission, used as a guide for future legislation

PEMS = Portable Emissions Measurement System

2.5.2017

1

AGCO Corporation & AGCO Power 1

Applications 2

Stage V legislation 3

Stage V technology 4

Summary 5

2.5.2017

AGCO POWER ENGINEERING Stage V engine – integration of sophisticated base engine and aftertreatment systems – and the models

DOC models

SCR models

DPF models

Base control fuctions

Raw emission models

https://www.proventia.com/index.php?63

2.5.2017

AGCO POWER ENGINEERING / COMBUSTION DEVELOPMENT

New emission requirement – a new base engine combustion system development

2.5.2017

To

rqu

e

[Nm

]

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

Engine sped [1/min]

1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000

450

450

450

250250

250300

300

350

350

395

490

502

492

482471479509

544

583

AGCO POWER ENGINEERING / COMBUSTION DEVELOPMENT

To

rqu

e

[Nm

]

0

200

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600

800

1000

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1400

Engine speed [1/min]

1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

0.050

0.050

0.050

0.050

0.050 0.0500.050

0.033

0.036

0.036

0.032

0.0350.0250.0250.074

0.053

0.053

bSFC

T exhaust gas after turbo

To

rqu

e [

Nm

]

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

Engine speed [1/min]

1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000

9.0

9.0

9.0

8.2

8.2

8.5

8.5

8.5

8.5

8.5

7.8

7.8

8.1

8.4

8.2

8.6

9.09.49.28.9

10.2

10.7

Raw NOx

To

rqu

e

[Nm

]

0

200

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600

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1000

1200

1400

Engine speed [1/min]

1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000

198

198198

198

200

200

200

200

205

205

205

205

210

210

210

220220

220

230230 230

270

270270

207

207

207

206

203201200202

203

206

Soot

Calibration

challenge

2.5.2017

AGCO POWER ENGINEERING / EXHAUST GAS AFTERTREATMENT

Exhaust Aftertreatment control requires state-of-the-art models

Example: Engine Raw Particulate emission model

NRTC cycle : Model vs. Measurement Field cycle : Model vs. Measurement

2.5.2017

AGCO POWER ENGINEERING / EXHAUST GAS AFTERTREATMENT Diesel Particulate Filter operating principle

1. Soot collection to walls of inlet channels

2. Soot regeneration Oxidation with NO2 (> ≈ 250°C) = Passive regeneration

– Takes place during normal operation

Oxidation with O2 (> ≈ 550°C) = Active regeneration

– Needs fuel injection to increase temperature

http://www.technology.matthey.com/wp-

content/uploads/articles/53/1/Twigg-53-

1-jan09-f4.jpg

2.5.2017

AGCO POWER ENGINEERING / EXHAUST GAS AFTERTREATMENT

AGCO Power Stage V EAT system (> 56 kW)

New components

DPF regeneration

Primary method: Passive regeneration during normal vehicle operation (> 250 °)

Secondary method: Stand-still active regeneration (> 550 °)

o Trigger from Δp and modelled DPF soot loading

DPF

2.5.2017

1

AGCO Corporation & AGCO Power 1

Applications 2

Stage V legislation 3

Stage V technology 4

Summary 5

2.5.2017

SUMMARY o AGCO Power develops and manufactures low

emission diesel engines for global off-road use

o Todays aftertreatment solution is DOC + SCR

o Base engine calibration is partly done with DOE tools

o Next emissions step is StageV (Europe), 2019

o Diesel Particualte Filter will be mandatory

o Sophisticated DPF regeneration and SCR controls are key to success (variation of applications load profiles & exhaust temps)

o Lots of high-tech models are used in the ECU

o Stage V will require effective emissions field monitoring

DOE = Design of Experiments

2.5.2017

STRENGTH

EXTREME