Stage 12 Notes. The different tenses we have learned so far are: present, imperfect, and perfect The...
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Transcript of Stage 12 Notes. The different tenses we have learned so far are: present, imperfect, and perfect The...
Stage 12 Notes
The different tenses we have learned so far are: present, imperfect, and perfect
The endings of verbs will tell you what tense and what person (1st, 2nd, 3rd) they are in.
Sing Plural
1st Person I We
2nd Person You You all (yall)
3rd Person He/she/it They
When you look up a verb in the dictionary it will look like this:
laborolaboro, laborarelaborare, , laboravilaboravi, laboratus - to work
1st pres, infinitive, 1st perfect1st pres, infinitive, 1st perfect, 4th principle part
Cut off -re to get stem to attach to present
and imperfect endings
Cut off -i to get stem to attach
to perfect endings
The present tense is translated as (blank) s, is (blank) ing, does (blank).
To form the present tense, look at the first two principle parts of your dictionary entry:
laborolaboro,, laborare,laborare, laboravi, laboratus
First plug laborolaboro into the first person singular.
Then figure out the stem of the verb by cutting off the -re from the 2nd form.
laboro,laboro, laborare,laborare, laboravi, laboratus
What is the stem?
labora is what you will attach the person indicators (o/m, s, t, mus, tis, nt).
labora-labora-
To form the present tense, take your present stem and attach the person indicators. N.B. The ‘a’ is dropped in 1st singular.
singular plural
1st person - laborlaborOO laborAlaborAmusmus
2nd person -laborAlaborAss laborAlaborAtistis
3rd person - laborAlaborAtt laborAlaborAntnt
Conjugate and translate festino, festinare, festinavi, into the present tense-
singular plural
1st person -
2nd person -
3rd person -
• Conjugate festino, festinare, festinavi, into the present tense- singular
1st person - festinO- festinO- I hurry, I am hurrying, I I hurry, I am hurrying, I do hurrydo hurry
2nd person -festinAfestinAss - You hurry, You are - You hurry, You are hurrying, you do hurryhurrying, you do hurry
• 3rd person –festinfestinAAt- t- He/she/it hurries, is He/she/it hurries, is hurrying, does hurry hurrying, does hurry
• Conjugate festino, festinare, festinavi, into the present tense-
plural
• 1st person - festinAfestinAmus- We hurry, We are mus- We hurry, We are hurrying, We do hurryhurrying, We do hurry
• 2nd person –festinAfestinAtis- You all hurry, You all tis- You all hurry, You all are hurrying, You all do hurryare hurrying, You all do hurry
• 3rd person –festinfestinAAnt-nt- They hurry, They They hurry, They are hurrying, They do hurryare hurrying, They do hurry
• The imperfect tense is translated as was/were ing
• To form the imperfect tense, take your stem from the infinitive and attach the letters -BA.
• Then stick present tense mickey mouse endings on the end!
• The only change it that the first person singular will end in a -m instead of o.
• Let us conjugate specto, spectare, spectavi into the imperfect tense.
• What tense indicator do we attach to the verb stem?
• What person indicators do we attach to the tense indicator?
• spectaspecta-
singular plural
• 1st person- spectaspectabam spectaspectabamus
• 2nd person- spectaspectabasspectaspectabatis
• 3rd person- spectaspectabat spectaspectabant
Conjuate and translate dico, dicere, dixi: to say/ speak, into the imperfect tense-
singular plural
1st person -
2nd person -
3rd person -
singular
1st dicedicebam: I was saying
2nd dicedicebas: You were saying
3rd dicedicebat: He,she, it was saying
dico, diceredicere, dixi, imperfect tense-
plural
1st dicedicebamus: we were saying
2nd dicedicebatis: yall were saying
3rd dicedicebant: they were saying
dico, diceredicere, dixi, imperfect tense-
• The perfect tense is translated as (blank) ed.
• To form the perfect tense, take the third principle part and cut off the letter - i .
• Then attach the perfect endings (i, isti, it, imus, istis, erunt).
• What is the perfect stem of laboro, laborare, laboravi, laboratus? laboravlaborav--
Lets use the perfect stem and conjugate fero, ferre, tulituli
singular plural
1st person- tultuli tultulimus
2nd person- tultulisti tultulistis
3rd person- tultulit tultulerunt
Conjugate and translate do, dare, dedi: to give into the perfect tense-
singular plural
1st person -
2nd person -
3rd person -
singular
1st person- deddedi: I gave
2nd person- deddedisti : You gave
3rd person- deddedit: He/she/it gave
do, dare, dedidedi perfect tense-
plural
• 1st person- deddedimus: We gave
• 2nd person- deddedistis: You all gave
• 3rd person- deddederunt: They gave
do, dare, dedidedi perfect tense-
The verb sum, esse, fui : to be is the most common verb you will see in Latin
singular plural
1st person - sumsum- I am sumussumus- We are
2nd person - eses- You are estisestis- You all are
3rd person - estest- He, she, it is suntsunt- They are
The verb sum, esse, fui: to be looks like this in the imperfect tense:
singular plural
1st person - erameram- I was eramuseramus- we were
2nd person - eraseras- you were eratiseratis- you all were
3rd person - eraterat- he, she it was eranterant- they were