Staff Capacity-Building in the Era of

Internationalization: Case Study of APQN

APQN President: Prof. Dr. Jianxin Zhang

Cebu, Philippines ; March 7, 2018

The 31st Annual National Conference of the Accrediting Agency of Chartered Colleges & Universities in the Philippines (AACCUP)

Staff Capacity-Building in the Era of

Internationalization: Case Study of APQN

1. Global Challenges in HE Quality at the Era of Internationalization

2.APQN International Staff Capacity-Building

C O

NT

EN

TS

3. APQR: Regional/ International

Accreditation of Internationalization

Global Challenges in HE Quality at the Era of Internationalization

1

4 Principles of McDonaldization

12 years ago, it make McDonald’s invincible & extend all over the globe: “Wolf’s Coming”, a famous story in China

Social McDonaldization by George Ritzer in

2006 : “Count McDonald's No., then you

know how widely internationalization

expands.

McDonaldization to 4 basic principles:

- efficiency

- calculation

- predictability

- inhuman control

Globalization a Blessing or a Disaster for developing

countries?

Internationalization & localization

•Can they be the integration?

•What are the standards? European standard?

•Equal for non-English-speaking countries? …

the

occidental

countries are

the only

academic

referee

HE in

developing

countries is

in an unfair

position … …

HE is likely

to become

a vassal

state of

occidental

influence

play the

potential

“emissary”

roles for the

occidental

culture

knowledge

system

tendency of

intern. flow Educat. reform

system

Returnees

abroad

Disadvantages of Internationalization Trend

Globalization in all its Diverse Forms has Shifted our own Life

One single book:

- Paper in China

- Printing in Singapore

- Printing presses in Germany

& Japan

- Typesetting in India

- Inks in Switzerland

- Being Authored in USA

- Course to all the globe

Prof. Matthew Sparke in

the Course of

“Globalization & YOU”

Cross-Board Higher Education(CBHE)

HE internationalization: Not only an activity, a program, but more a process, & a tendency of human development

CBHE, an important form of HE

internationalization: the MOBILITY of

students, academic staff, programmes

/institutions & professionals

Make easily accessible a list of those

institutions which they have quality

assured.

Quality Assurance of Cross-

border Higher Education

(QACHE)

Key Findings: QACHE Vicious Cycle

1. Lack of information about & knowledge of different agencies’

approaches & national frameworks

2. “Trust gap” between sending & receiving countries about the

quality of CBHE,

3. Low levels of cooperation amongst QAAs in the QA of CBHE

4. Sheer diversity of approaches & regulatory frameworks for inbound

or outbound CBHE within & across the regions

5. …

APQN International Staff Capacity-Building

2

Definitions of Capacity Development

“A process that focuses

on enhancing the skills,

knowledge & social

capabilities available to

individuals, social &

political systems” (UN)

Environment

Organization

Individual

3 Levels of Capacity (United Nations Development Programme), 1998

Created by the UN in the 1970s - we used to talk about Institutional building.

The notion of Capacity Building became more wide-spread in the 1990s, & it

refers more to individuals (UN agencies, conferences etc.)

Aspects of Institutional Capacity

Human

Resources

(i.e. individuals)

Intra-

organizational

capacity

Inter-

organizational

capacity

External

institutional rules

UNESCO-IICBA Capacity Building framework

UNESCO- IICNBA(International Institute for Capacity Building in Africa)

Capacity Building Matrix

APQN’s 3 Levels of Cooperation Network

Global (UNESCO, WB)

Interregional ( INQAAHE, ANQAHE…)

Inner-regional (APQN Members, QAAs, HEIs…)

CB Process of APQN’s QA Cooperation

2003 2005 2007 2016

Nationality & Educational Background of APQN

Board Members

2003-2015

2 Levels of APQN Capacity Building

Nearly all cooperation have been built in

the basis of willingness. Organizations

& APQN achieve the willingness to

cooperate & lay a solid foundation for

working together by common

statements & signing agreements.

Five kinds of practice have been

conducted to further enhance the

cooperation.

CB Willingness of Cooperation

节制意识

Higher Education Quality Assurance Principles

for the Asia Pacific Region (Chiba Principles)

“The Bengaluru Statement-2016

Memorandum of Cooperation (MoC)

Memorandum of Understanding (MoU)

CB

Common

Declaration

Cooperation

Agreement

APQN has signed over 20 MoCs &

MoUs with all kinds of organizations

& agencies

APQN Practice of Capacity Building

5 CB Practices

Cooperation Projects

Staff

Capacity Training

Staff

Capacity building

QA Consulta

nt

Database

QA

Capacity

Tools

1. Co-

operation

Projects

21 cooperation projects that APQN has implemented.

2. Staff Capacity Training

0

5

10

15

20

25

InternatioalConference

Workshop ResearchProject

Online Forum

25

23 22

6

(Ev

en

ts)

(Activity Type)

APQN has organized 76 events from 2004 to 2017

3. Staff Capacity building

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

60

11

6 7

5

15

38

12

2 2 3

（p

ers

on）

（year）

Until 2017, 161 persons have participated in APQN staff movement

according to the statistics

4. Development of QA Capacity Tools

• “Toolkit of Assessing Quality in Higher Education: Information Package for

Reviewers’ supporting from UNESCO through GIQAC funds.

• Translated book “Cross-Border Higher Education: the Road towards

Capacity Building”

• Book of “Assessing Quality in HE ”

• “the Revision of Higher Education Quality Assurance Principles for the Asia

Pacific Region (Chiba Principles)”

• Higher Education Evaluation & Development (HEED).jointly published by

HEEACT & APQN by a worldwide renowned publisher, Emerald Publishing.

Based in UK.

5. Construction of QA Consultant Database

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Arg

enti

na

Aust

rali

a

Aust

ria

Bah

rain

Bel

giu

m

Bo

snia

an

d H

erze

go

vin

a

Bo

tsw

ana

Cam

bo

dia

Can

ada

Ch

ile

Ch

ina

Cze

ch R

epu

bli

c

Egy

pt

Eth

iop

ia

Fin

lan

d

Fra

nce

Ger

man

y

Ghana

Hon

gko

ng

Hun

gar

y

India

Iran

Irel

and

Isra

el

Jam

aica

Japan

Kaz

akhst

an

Ken

ya

Lat

via

Leb

ano

n

Lib

ya

Lit

huan

ia

Mal

aysi

a

Mal

div

es

Mex

ico

Mo

rocc

o

Net

her

lan

ds

New

Zea

lan

d

Nig

eria

Om

an

Pak

ista

n

Pal

esti

ne

Ph

ilip

pin

es

Po

land

Qat

ar

Ru

ssia

Sau

di

Ara

bia

Slo

ven

ia

So

uth

Afr

ica

spai

n

Sw

itze

rlan

d

taiw

an

Tri

nid

ad a

nd T

obag

o

Unit

ed A

rab

Em

irat

es

Unit

ed K

ing

dom

US

A

(person)

(country)

In 2008, APQN cooperated with INQAAHE & the Arab Network for Quality

Assurance in Higher Education (ANQAHE) to develop Consultant Database: 188

experts & consultants

Focus on QAA’s Capacity Building : The Asia

Pacific Quality Register (APQR)

1) inspirational target ; 2) quality hallmark; 3)

Basis for cross‐border education…

Certification Association “Russian Register”

Focus on HEIs’ Capacity Building: APQN

Quality Label (APQL)：Accreditation of

Internationalization

• To establish the internationalization criteria of first-class HEIs

or Programmes in Asia-Pacific Region;

• To promote the international mobility of students, faculty,

programs, researchers, projects, exchanges of HEIs…

A Long, long way to go for QA Capacity

Development at the Era of Internationalization

Intro IQA Theory

SAR Writing

Finalizing SER

Intro EQA Theory

Peer Training

Preparing Site Visits

QA

Ca

pa

city D

eve

lop

me

nt

Site

Vis

its

EQA: Quality Assurance Agencies(QAAs)

IQA: Higher Education Institutions(HEIs)

APQN Quality Label (APQL)：

Regional/International Accreditation

of Internationalization(Case Study)

3

Background: Seek for Quality

1. Quality of HEIs:

responsibility & task of HEIs

2. QAAs contribute to this quality through evaluation & accreditation

3. Quality label: the proof HEIs met the QA criteria of the First-Class in the world.

Purpose of APQL

• To establish the internationalization criteria of

first-class HEIs or Programmes in Asia-Pacific

Region

• To establish the standardization of the quality

assurance system of internationalization in Asia-Pacific

Region.

To promote the international mobility of students, faculty,

programs, researchers, projects, exchanges of HEIs in

Asia-Pacific Region & even the whole globe

1

2

3

IV. Process of Quality Label

1. Expression of interest(EoI) by the HEI / programme

2. Acceptance of eligibility by the APQL Committee

3. Self-Evaluation Report(SER) by the HEI / program

4. Desk Review of SER by the APQN Quality Label review panel

5. On-Site Visit by the APQN review panel: 1) Validation of SER; 2) Qualitative & quantitative evaluation

6. Finalizing the external review report by the APQN review panel & approved by the HEI / programme

7. Outcome by the APQL Committee

Evaluation Process

Self-Evaluation

Compiling,

Documentation,

corrective action

& strategic

planning

On-Site

Evaluation

•3 days

Evaluation

Report

Documents

Assessor

findings

Criteria & Indicators of Quality Label

Criterion Indicator 1. International

Mission & policy

1.1 Policy of internationalization

1.2 System of internal quality assurance (IQA)

2. Organization &

administration

2.1 Organization

2.2 Administration

3.International

Mobility

3.1 Mobility of programs

3.2 Student mobility

3.3 Staff mobility

4.Student Support 4.1 Availability of scholarships & investments

4.2 Human resources

4.3 extracurricular activities

5.Student Learning

Outcomes (SLO)

5.1 Academic performance & qualification

5.2 Graduate

5 criteria, 12 indicators & 34 review points

Reference: Indicators for HE internationalization

Index

system

Core

Indicators

International Indicators Indicators in China

IQRP APQN ACE-

GIGE

Osaka

University

China’s

Research

Univ.

Guangdong

education

office

Southwest

Jiaotong

Univ.

CUA

A

University’s Backg. √

Policy & Strategy √ √ √ √ √ √ √

Organization √ √ √ √ √ √

Curriculum & Teaching √ √ √ √ √ √ √

Scientific Research √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

Student √ √ √ √ √ √ √

Faculty √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

International cooperation √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

Research Fund √ √ √

International reputation √ √

International Alumni √

Infrastructure √ √ √ √

Innovation base √

Special Program √

IQRP: Internationalization Quality Review Process(国际化质量评审过程) IMHE: international management in higher education(国际高等教育管理机构）; ACE：American Council on Education （美国教育理事会）; CIGE：Center for Internationalization & Global Engagement (国际化与全球参与中心)

Format for Expression of Interest (EOI)

I. Applicant details Full legal name of the HEI

Legal address of the provider/owner

Year of establishment

Website

II. Contact person for this application

Title Family name Given name(s)

Position

Address

Email Phone

III. Declaration of Eligibility, Authorisation & Permission

I Declare This Application Is Submitted With The Full Authority Of The Provider And/Or Institution Seeking An APQL

Review

I Declare That The Information Contained In This EOI Is True & Accurate, As At The Application Date, & That It Does

Not Contain Any False Or Misleading Information

Signature: Seal Of The HEI:

Date:

Iv.Basic Information about the HEI (Max 800 Words)

V. Motivation For Seeking A Review (max 800 words)

VI. Proposed Review Schedule (review time, venue, etc.)

Quantitative Information on the APQL

S/N International item year No. (%)

1 Staff abroad over one year in recent 5 years

2 Annual budget for international affairs & activities

3 Current staff with PHD degree abroad

4 International staff

5 International students

6 Students with international scholarship

7 Exchange staff

8 Exchange students

9 International programmes

10 International original courses

11 Courses taught in foreign languages

12 Co-operational HEIs abroad

13 Co-operational agencies abroad

14 International projects

15 International summer schools in the HEI

16 International conferences in the HEI

17 International clubs, students unions, etc.in the HEI

18 Books published in foreign languages

19 Papers published in foreign languages

20 International graduates

21 Graduate employment abroad

22 (Other items which the HEI thinks it is crucial)

Qualitative Methods: SWOT Analysis

STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES

Strengths: Attributes

(resources & capabilities) of

the HEI that can be helpful

for achieving its objectives.

Weaknesses: Attributes the

HEI that may be a limiting

factor/ detrimental to

achieving its objectives.

OPPORTUNITIES THREATS

Opportunities: External

conditions/factors that may

help the HEI to achieve its

objectives or provide

opportunities to improve its

performance.

Threats: External

conditions/factors (or

change in external

conditions) that could

damage the performance

of the QAA.

Schedule of Review Visit Day Time Activity

Day 1 12:00-18:00 Registration of the peer reviewers

19:00-21:00 The 1st meeting of the review panel:

Day 2

8:30-11:00 APQL Review Meeting:

11:00-12:00 Showing around the HEI

12:30 Lunch

14:30-16:30 1. Presentation; 2.Observation; 3. Interviews

16:30-18:00 1.Observation ;2. The 2rd private meeting of the panel

18:00 Dinner

Day 3

8:30-9:30 1. Presentation ;2. Interviews

9:30-10:30 1. administrators Focus-group; 2. Student Focus-group

10:30-12:00 1. Observation; 2.Focus-group ;3.Skype

12:30 Lunch

14:30-16:30 1.Exsibition ofsloS ; 2. Interviews with the graduates

16:30-18:00 1. Visiting ; 2. Interviews

18:00 Dinner

20:00-21:00 The 3rd meeting of the review panel

Day 4

8:30-10:30 The 4th meeting of the review panel

10:30-11:30 Briefing & Wrap-up Meeting

12:30 lunch

14:30-18:00 Report Writing

Cost of the Review

Note: Air fare & accommodation & all related expenses are to be borne by

the applicant agency directly. Additional expenses may include the costs of

visas & ground transport unless reviewers agree to pay for these

themselves.

Item Amount USD 1 Services of APQN Administration for APQN Quality Label(APQL) 3000 2 Services of Local QAA for administrative works 1500 3 Honorarium for three reviewers(one reviewer 250 USD per day x

4 days) 3000

Total(USD) 6000

I

(Improvement)

R (Results)

D (Deployment)

A (Approach)

APQL: a Continuous Quality Improvement Cycle

The Decision

Fully achieved

Substantially achieved

Partially achieved

Non‐achieved

The review result will be valid for a period of five years.

Draft Example of CERTIFICATE