STAAR Review - coppellisd.com him step to the music which he hears, ... ©2017 Koala Case Curriculum...

Name: ____________________________________

FORT BURROWS 2018

8th Grade U.S. History

STAAR Review

Manifest Destiny

Name: ____________________________________

©2017 Koala Case Curriculum

VOCABULARY Annexation - To take a piece of land and add it to existing territory.

Cede - To give up

Compromise - An agreement where both people give up something to get something they both want.

Distribution - How spread out something is

Density - How close together people are

Expansion - To get bigger

Forty-Niner - Someone who went to look for gold in California in 1849.

Gold Rush - The massive influx of people who came to California to search for gold in the 1850s

Homestead - A piece of land that was sold by the government at a reduced price

Manifest Destiny - The widely-held belief in the 1800s that the United States was blessed by God should

expand from ocean to ocean

Missionary - Someone who tries to convince people to convert to a different religion

Transcontinental - Across the whole nation

Mormon - A member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, a religion founded in America in the

1800s

Pioneer - An explorer

Provision - A section of a treaty or document.

Reservation - A piece of land set aside for Native Americans

Territory - Land that belongs to a country

Treaty - An agreement between two nations or groups

Name: ____________________________________


Transcendentalism

Description

Philosophy that emphasized:

• living a simple life

• celebrating the truth found in nature and in your own emotions and imagination

• being an individual, your own person

People Henry David Thoreau was an important writer

with a “Return to nature” message

Original Thoreau Quote What transcendentalist belief does it

illustrate?

Go confidently in the direction of your dreams!

Live the life you've imagined. As you simplify your

life, the laws of the universe will be simpler.

If a man does not keep pace with his companions,

perhaps it is because he hears a different

drummer. Let him step to the music which he

hears, however measured or far away.

I think that there is nothing, not even crime, more

opposed to poetry, to philosophy, ay, to life itself

than this incessant business.

Public opinion is a weak tyrant compared with our

own private opinion. What a man thinks of

himself, that is which determines, or rather

indicates his fate.

Name: ____________________________________


Hudson River School

Description

IT’S NOT AN ACTUAL SCHOOL!!

Group of artists who had a special “American” style

Painted landscapes that showed America’s natural beauty

America’s first own art

Thought art could help people be more spiritual and moral

People John James Audubon - drew birds

and other animals

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1. What do you think the title of this painting might be?

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2. What types of people do you see?

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3. The woman represents the United States—what is she

doing?

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4. What is the message of the painting?

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Name: ____________________________________


Manifest Destiny

Reasons for Westward Expansion

Political Economic Social

reduced the power of England

Increased United States strength in the world

reduced threats from other countries

Increased need for farm land

discovery of gold in California

increased cotton production

strong nationalism

belief that the US was better

belief in racial superiority

Belief that God supported expansion

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Louisia

na P

urch

ase

America bought an IMMENSE territory from

France for $15 million. However, the land actually

belonged to Native Americans.

New Orleans was a BIG port that connects the

Mississippi River to the ocean

Shipping goods from ports was the only way to

trade with far away countries

The fastest way to get things to a port was by

river (ship goods by river to a port, then from the

port can go across ocean to another country)

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Flor

ida

Southerners were upset that slaves would run

away to Spanish-owned Florida and Seminole

Indians would raid “American” lands

President Monroe tells Spain to govern Florida

better or give it up

Andrew Jackson illegally invades Florida and

captures its military bases

Spain gives up Florida to the US in 1819

Name: ____________________________________


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Texa

s

Stephen Austin asked for Texas to become a separate state

Stephen Austin was thrown in jail – this lead to

rebellions

North is unhappy because it is a slave state

Disagreements about the Texas/Mexico border

begin

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Oreg

on

U.S. settlers move into Oregon Country

U.S. wants the border to be at the 54’40’ line.

Settlers say: “54’40’ or fight!” because they were

willing to go to war with Britain to get what they

wanted

U.S. President James Polk makes a deal with

Britain in 1846 - U.S. gets part of Oregon Country

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Reflection:

I had trouble with: _______________________________________________

I remembered ____________________________________________ very well!

I need to review _________________________________________________

Notes:

Name: ____________________________________


Mexican-American War

Sort the causes, events, and effects into political, social, and economic categories

Political Social Economic

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Mexi

can

Cess

ion

Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo: - Ends the war - Mexico gives up LOTS of land, including California! - This is called the Mexican Cession.

Name: ____________________________________


Compromise of 1850

Big Question: should the Mexican

Cession be free or slave states?

Guidelines of the Compromise of 1850

California will be admitted as a free state

Mexican cession outside of California would be divided into New Mexico and Utah. Voters would decide on slavery

Texas would receive $10 million for giving up New Mexico

Slave trade abolished in Washington, D.C.

Fugitive Slave Act passed - Law that makes it easier for Southern owners

to catch their escaped slaves - Makes consequences harsher against escaped

slaves and people who help them Impact of the Fugitive Slave Act

- Free African-Americans are no longer safe - People in the North disobey the law and still

help slaves - Sectionalism gets worse

Based on what you read, should the Mexican Cession have free or slave states?

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Do you think the compromise was fair?

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Gads

den

Purc

hase

Was purchased by the U.S.(James Gadsden) from Mexico (Santa Anna) for $10 million

this allowed the building of the Southern Transcontinental Railroad

Name: ____________________________________


Sort the territories into political, social, and economic reasons for their acquisition

Political Social Economic

Reflection:

I had trouble with: _______________________________________________

I remembered ____________________________________________ very well!

I need to review _________________________________________________

Notes:

Name: ____________________________________


Groups That Moved West The biggest problem of moving west: The Rocky Mountains

WHY did they move? Hardships They Faced LEGACY:

What are they known for?

Lewis and Clark

1. To trade with the Indians 2. To find a water route

across North America 3. Explore the territory of

the Louisiana Purchase

1. Sunburn 2. Mosquitoes 3. Lack of food

1. Mapped route to the Pacific Ocean

2. Established good relations with the Indians

Californios &

California Indians

1. Land grants given out by the Mexican government (got a rancho with 50,000 acres of land)

2. Convert Indians to Christianity

1. Lived far from neighbors 2. Raided by soldiers 3. Corrupt officials

1. Spanish names 2. New foods 3. Opened California to

others

Mormons 1. Run off by others in the

East – mainly due to Mormons’ different beliefs

1. Many died along the way 2. Had to learn how to farm

in a dry environment

1. New farming methods 2. Established a large

Mormon community in Salt Lake City, Utah

Forty-Niners To mine for gold 1. High prices in California 2. No law enforcement 3. Mining was difficult work

Brought enough people to

make California a state (more

than 250,000 people)

Chinese

1. Rumors about great pay for work, large houses, and fancy clothing

2. Opportunities for new jobs

1. Abuse by Americans

Tried to make the Chinese pay taxes

Burned their huts

Cut off their hair

Beat them

1. The Chinese helped build such industries as mining and farming in California

2. Introduced their rich culture to the West

Which groups moved for political reasons? _______________________________________

Which groups moved for economic reasons? ______________________________________

Which groups moved for social reasons? _________________________________________

Why was the biggest problem of moving west the Rocky Mountains? ________________________________________________________________________________________

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________________________________________________________________________________________

Name: ____________________________________


Sectionalism

EC

ON

OM

Y

based on industry and trade (textiles)

fishing, shipping

mostly factory workers

inventions led to industrialization

occupations

based on agriculture (cotton, tobacco, rice, sugar, indigo)

mainly used slave labor

cotton gin made cotton production more profitable

supported tariffs because they felt that tariffs caused people to purchase American-made goods

tariffs opposed tariffs because tariffs made European goods more expensive

supported money being spent for transportation

railroads / canals brought goods to and from the factories transportation

opposed money being spent for transportation

most goods were carried on river boats to cities

SO

CIA

L

city life

long hours in dangerous factories

organized unions to solve problems

way of life

rural life

small farmers – poor whites and free blacks

wealthy plantation owners

viewed slavery as wrong, but African-American workers still faced low wages, prejudice and discrimination

impact of

slavery

economy depended on large slave work force

slaves did mainly farm work with no pay and little hope of freedom

NORTH ISSUES SOUTH

GE

OG

RA

PH

Y

Thin, rocky soil (poor farming)

cool climate

cold and short growing season

fast rivers

natural harbors

geography

Rich, fertile soil

Warm and long growing season (good for farming)

PO

LIT

ICA

L

opposed states’ rights because the U.S. was more important than individual states

States’ Rights supported states’ rights and believed they had the right to

nullify laws which hurt the Southern economy

Name: ____________________________________


Kansas-Nebraska Act

The North and South could no longer balance slave states and free states

Senator Stephen Douglas proposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act: 1) Kansas and Nebraska will be organized into

territories 2) They will have the right to decide for themselves

about slavery – this is known as popular sovereignty

(the people decide).

Effects of the Kansas-Nebraska Act

The Missouri Compromise is undone

Thousands of non-residents go to Kansas in order to vote

Violence erupts with “Bleeding Kansas”

How did the Kansas-Nebraska Act increase sectionalism? _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________

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John Brown and “Bleeding Kansas”

John Brown was a radical abolitionist. He wanted to end slavery right away!

He became famous when he killed five pro-slavery settlers during the “Bleeding Kansas” conflict.

He became a hero to anti-slavery Northerners

Impact of “Bleeding Kansas”

Kansas eventually became a free state, and the balance of free states and slave states was ruined!

Southerners are scared about the violence and fighting – more people begin to favor secession

How do you think northerners interpreted the situation in Kansas? __________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

Name: ____________________________________


Dred Scott v Sandford

Dred Scott was a slave

His master took him to the North, then returned to the South

Scott sued for his freedom since he was on free land in the North, and shouldn’t have to go back to slavery

The Dred Scott Decision

The Supreme Court Chief Justice Roger Taney ruled that:

1. Slaves were not citizens 2. Slaves were property 3. Slaves could not file lawsuits (because they were not citizens) 4. Slavery could not be prohibited, so The Missouri Compromise was

unconstitutional

How do you think black people were treated after the Dred Scott decision?

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