STAAR Biographies. Colonial America Important People.
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Transcript of STAAR Biographies. Colonial America Important People.
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STAAR Biographies
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Colonial AmericaImportant People
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Thomas Hooker
Founder of Connecticut
Connecticut
1586-1647
Founded the colony of Connecticut and helped write the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut which called for the election of officials.
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John Locke
British Philosopher
England
1632-1704
Promoted the idea of natural law which emphasized individual rights. His idea helped inspire the American Revolution.
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Charles de Montesquieu
Social and Political Philosopher
France
1689-1755
Montesquieu’s book The Spirit of the Laws influenced America’s founders. His main idea was that separation of powers was necessary to maintain individual liberty.
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William Penn
Founder of Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania
1644-1718
Helped establish the Pennsylvania Colony. Promoted religious tolerance because his faith, Quakerism, was often persecuted.
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William Blackstone
Expert jurist, professor, and writer.
England
1723-1780
Blackstone’s book Commentaries on the Laws of England was the most read legal book in Colonial America.
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American RevolutionImportant People
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Abigail Adams
Second First Lady of the U.S.
Massachusetts
1744-1818
Promoted equal education for women before most people.
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John AdamsFounding Father, Federalist, Second President of the U.S.
Massachusetts
1735-18261797-1801 (U.S. President)
Adams served as America in the Continental Congress during the American Revolution and became the second President of the U.S.
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Samuel Adams
Founding Father, Sons of Liberty Leader.
Boston, Massachusetts
1722-1803
Adams was the leader of the Sons of Liberty, which organized many protests against the British, including the Boston Tea Party.
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James Armistead
First African-American double spy.
Virginia
1760-1830
Armistead was a double spy who worked for the Americans.
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Crispus Attucks
Boston Massacre Victim
Boston, Massachusetts
1722-1770
First person to die in the Boston Massacre. Viewed by many as the first casualty of the American Revolution.
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Wentworth Cheswell
American Revolution Veteran, First African-American to hold public office. New Hampshire
1746-1817
Part of the midnight ride that warned of the British.
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Benjamin Franklin
Founding Father, Journalist, Diplomat
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
1706-1790
Franklin promoted American unity and independence. He wrote or signed the Albany Plan of Union, Declaration of Independence, Treaty of Paris (1783), and the Constitution.
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Bernardo de Gálvez
Spanish Administrator, General
Spain/Louisiana/Florida
1746-1786
Helped the U.S. during the American Revolution by winning battles in Florida and Mississippi River.
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Patrick Henry
Founding Father, Anti-Federalist
Virginia
1736-1799
Advocate for liberty. Henry was one of the leaders of the American Revolution.
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King George III
King of England
England
1738-1820
Unpopular King of England during the American Revolution.
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Thomas Jefferson
Founding Father, Anti-Federalist, Third President of the U.S.
Virginia
1743-18261801-1809 (U.S. President)
Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence which said that all men were created equally and were entitled to Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness.
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John Paul Jones
American Naval Officer during the American Revolution.
Virginia
1747-1792
Fought well against the British’s feared navy.
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Marquis de Lafayette
French General
France/U.S.
1757-18341777-1781 (Assisted American
Revolution)
Convinced France to assist the Americans during the Revolutionary War. Led troops during the war.
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Thomas Paine
Journalist
England/New Jersey
1737-1809
1776 (Common Sense)
Thomas Paine helped inspire the American Revolution with his pamphlet Common Sense.
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Haym Salomon
Businessman
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
1740-1785
A member of the “Sons of Liberty”. Salomon helped pay for the American Revolution.
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Mercy Otis WarrenWriter, Historian
Massachusetts
1728-1814
Promoted and honored the American Revolution with her writings. Her book, the History of the Rise, Progress, and Termination of the American Revolution is her most famous book.
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George Washington
Founding Father, Commander in Chief of the Continental Army, First President of the U.S.
Virginia
1732-17991789-1797 (U.S. President)
Washington is known as the “Father” of the U.S. because he helped the U.S. win independence as Commander in Chief of the Continental Army.
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Creation and Ratification of the Constitution
Important People
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Benjamin Franklin
Founding Father, Journalist, Diplomat
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
1706-1790
Franklin promoted American unity and independence. He wrote or signed the Albany Plan of Union, Declaration of Independence, Treaty of Paris (1783), and the Constitution.
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Alexander Hamilton
Federalist, First Secretary of the Treasury
New York
1755-1804
Made many arguments for the Constitution in the Federalist Papers. Believed a stronger National Government was needed to ensure the safety and stability of the country.
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Patrick Henry
Founding Father, Anti-Federalist
Virginia
1736-1799
Henry opposed America’s Constitution because he feared it would give the government too much power. Henry believed in State’s Rights.
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James MadisonFounding Father, Federalist,Fourth U.S. President
Virginia
1751-18361809-1817 (U.S. President)
Helped write the U.S. Constitution. Promoted and explained the Constitution in the Federalist Papers.
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George Mason Founding Father and Anti-Federalist
Virginia
1725-1792
Wrote Virginia’s Constitution and helped write America’s Constitution. However, Mason felt the new Federal government was too powerful and would damage individual rights.
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George Washington
Founding Father, Commander in Chief of the Continental Army, First President of the U.S.
Virginia
1732-17991789-1797 (U.S. President)
Washington was elected President during the Constitutional Convention due to his immense popularity.
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Early RepublicImportant People
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John AdamsFounding Father, Federalist, Second President of the U.S.
Massachusetts
1735-18261797-1801 (U.S. President)
The second President of the U.S. His Presidency was marked by controversy from the XYZ Affair and the Alien and Sedition Acts.
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Alexander Hamilton
Federalist, First Secretary of the Treasury
New York
1755-1804
Helped create the first National Bank. As Secretary of the Treasury he strengthened the National economy.
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Thomas Jefferson
Founding Father, Anti-Federalist, Third President of the U.S.
Virginia
1743-18261801-1809 (U.S. President)
Jefferson purchased the Louisiana Territory which doubled the size of the U.S. Also, Jefferson started the Democratic-Republican Party.
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James MadisonFounding Father, Federalist,Fourth U.S. President
Virginia
1751-18361809-1817 (U.S. President)
President during the War of 1812. Madison’s leadership during the war, helped the nation fight the British to a draw.
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John Marshall
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
Virginia
1755-18351801-1803 (Chief Justice)
Helped establish Judicial Review as Chief Justice. Ruled over some of the most important cases in U.S. History.
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James Monroe
Fifth U.S. President
Virginia
1758-18311817-1825 (U.S. President)
American President who wrote the Monroe Doctrine which changed American foreign policy by making it more aggressive/strong.
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George Washington
Founding Father, Commander in Chief of the Continental Army, First President of the U.S.
Virginia
1732-17991789-1797 (U.S. President)
As the first President of the United States, Washington set many examples for future Presidents, such as the Presidential Cabinet and serving two terms.
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The Age of JacksonImportant People
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John Quincy Adams
Secretary of State, Sixth President of U.S., Congressmen
Massachusetts
1767-1848
Beat Andrew Jackson with the help of Henry Clay. He received less votes than Jackson and his Presidency was not respected as a result.
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John C. Calhoun
Senator, Vice President, States Rights Advocate
South Carolina
1782-18501828-1833 (Nullification Crisis)
As Vice-President of the U.S. Calhoun fought with Jackson over the Tariff of 1828 and the idea of Nullification. Nullification said states could cancel out Federal Laws.
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Henry Clay
Speaker of the House, Secretary of State
Kentucky
1777-1852
As leader of the Whig Party. Clay was one of Jackson’s biggest political enemies. Clay supported Industrialization and government support of business.
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Andrew Jackson
Army General, Seventh President of the U.S.
Tennessee
1767-18451829-1837 (U.S. President)
Andrew Jackson’s election and Presidency was the beginning of the “common” man. He turned the Presidency into a more powerful office.
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Reform and CultureImportant People
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Susan B. Anthony
Woman Suffragist
New York and Massachusetts
1820-1906
One of the first and most important fighters for woman’s rights.
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John James Audubon
Painter
New York
1785-1851
Audubon’s artwork focused on nature and helped “define” the American style of art.
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Frederick Douglass
Former Slave, Abolitionist, Author, Editor
Washington, D.C.
1818-1895
Wrote on of the most impactful biographies of American History. Argued for the rights of African-Americans and women.
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Elizabeth Cady StantonWoman Suffragist
Seneca Falls, New York
1815-1902Seneca Falls (1848)
Organized the Seneca Falls convention which was viewed as the beginning of the Women’s Rights Movement.
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Henry David Thoreau
Author and pioneer of Civil Disobedience.
Massachusetts
1817-1862
Thoreau’s ideas about civil disobedience inspired leaders like Mohandas Gandhi and Martin Luther King.
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Sectionalism and Civil WarImportant People
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John Quincy Adams
Secretary of State, Sixth President of U.S., Congressmen
Massachusetts
1767-1848
Only President to become later become a Congressmen. As a Congressmen, Adams fought passionately against slavery.
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Philip Bazaar
Served in the Union Navy
Born in Chile, lived in Massachusetts
(1864-1865) Served for the Union
Won the Medal of Honor for his service during the battle for Fort Fisher.
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John C. Calhoun
Senator, Vice President, States Rights Advocate
South Carolina
1782-18501828-1833 (Nullification Crisis)
Calhoun promoted the idea that states had the right to ignore federal laws. His views influenced the Confederacy.
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Henry Clay
Speaker of the House, Secretary of State
Kentucky
1777-1852
Known as the “Great Compromiser”, Clay tried to keep the country together before the Civil War with acts such as The Compromise of 1850.
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William Carney
Union Soldier
Born in Virginia, but escaped to Massachusetts.
1840-1908(1863) Battle of Fort Wagner
Won the Medal of Honor for defending the flag while wounded during the Battle of Fort Wagner.
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Jefferson Davis
President of the Confederacy
Mississippi
1808-1889(1861-1865) Confederate President
Led the Confederacy during the Civil War.
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Frederick Douglass
Former Slave, Abolitionist, Author, Editor
Washington, D.C.
1818-1895
Wrote on of the most impactful biographies of American History. Argued for the rights of African-Americans and women.
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Ulysses S. Grant
Union General, Eighteenth U.S. President
Ohio
1822-18851861-1865 (Union General)
Led the Union Army during the Civil War. Grant was the best General of the Union. He later became President and fought against the KKK during Reconstruction.
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Stonewall Jackson
Confederate General
Virginia
1824-1863Battle of Bull Run (1861)
Won many of the early battles of the Civil War and was known as one the Civil War’s great general.
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Robert E. Lee
Confederate General
Virginia
1807-18701861-1865 (Confederate General)
Considered one of the best generals of American History. Lee led the Confederate Army against the Union Army.
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Abraham Lincoln
Sixteenth U.S. President
Illinois and Washington D.C.
1809-18651861-1865 (U.S. President)
Led the U.S. during the Civil War. Wrote some of the best speeches in American History, which helped redefine the country.
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Hiram Rhodes
U.S. Senator
Mississippi
1827-1901
First African-American to serve in the U.S. Senate.
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Daniel Webster
U.S. Senator
Massachusetts
1782-1852
As Senator of Massachusetts, Webster promoted the Union against Sectionalism.