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ST-EricssonA leading developer of platforms for smartphones, tablets and wireless devices

4G multimode modems: analysis of architecture and power consumption trends

[email protected]

Abstract

•4G multi-mode modems are used in recent smart-phones and tablets which represent the today most valuable market. Such devices require the support of multiple radio standards as well as the capacity to adapt to the rapidly evolving telecom features in order to provide the best data rate available in the market. On the other hand the emerging market of the “internet of things” and M2M devices are using the same modem technology but with different telecom requirements and reduced cost target.

••We investigate how to define a well suited reconfigurable architecture for 4G multi-mode modem to reach the best trade-off in size and power consumption.

11/4/2011CONFIDENTIAL2

Agenda

•Cellular market trend

•Market data and trend for smart-phones and connected devices (M2M)

•3GPP/WLAN standard evolutions

•Categories, features and data rate trend

•4G modem trend

•Computational complexity (GOPS) trend •Computational complexity (GOPS) trend

•Power consumption trend

•Multimode trend

•4G modem architecture

•Heterogeneous multi-core architecture for 4G Modem

•Conclusion


Cellular market trendCellular market trend

Phone sales

10 to 1

250 million users

on mobile devices

The world is mobile

10X MOBILE DATA 10X MOBILE DATA 10X MOBILE DATA 10X MOBILE DATA 10X MOBILE DATA 10X MOBILE DATA 10X MOBILE DATA 10X MOBILE DATA TRAFFIC GROWTH TRAFFIC GROWTH TRAFFIC GROWTH TRAFFIC GROWTH TRAFFIC GROWTH TRAFFIC GROWTH TRAFFIC GROWTH TRAFFIC GROWTH

IN PAST TWO IN PAST TWO IN PAST TWO IN PAST TWO IN PAST TWO IN PAST TWO IN PAST TWO IN PAST TWO

Mobile subscriptions

4 to 1

uploaded on YouTube

IN PAST TWO IN PAST TWO IN PAST TWO IN PAST TWO IN PAST TWO IN PAST TWO IN PAST TWO IN PAST TWO YEARSYEARSYEARSYEARSYEARSYEARSYEARSYEARS

Smartphone growth exploding

Modern user friendly User

Interface software

Open OS & Applications ecosystem

Large high qualitytouch screens

Highly-integrated low power,

high performance mobile

connectivity

Accessible mobile broadband tariffs

High performance mobile processors at right cost and

power consumption

From feature phones to smartphonesC

ore

Wir

ele

ss S

C T

AM

M$

Core

Wir

ele

ss S

C T

AM

M$

Core

Wir

ele

ss S

C T

AM

M$

Core

Wir

ele

ss S

C T

AM

M$

Smartphone volumes

Source: Strategy Analytics, April 2011

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

2010201020102010 2015201520152015 CAGRCAGRCAGRCAGR

291291291291MMMM 718718718718MMMM 20202020%%%%

Note 1: Core Wireless SC TAM (Total Available Market) is cellular semiconductor content excluding imaging sensors, memory, optoelectronics, discretes, analog & standard logic

Note 2: Connected Devices include wireless game consoles, USB dongles, tablets, embedded modules in laptops/netbooks, M2M

Source: ST-Ericsson internal estimates based on market and analyst reports

Core

Wir

ele

ss S

C T

AM

M$

Core

Wir

ele

ss S

C T

AM

M$

Core

Wir

ele

ss S

C T

AM

M$

Core

Wir

ele

ss S

C T

AM

M$

0

5,000

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

ULC Entry Smartphone Connected Devices Grey Market

Smartphones will represent more than 60% SC TAM in 2016

Number of connections exploding

Things Things

PeoplePeopleA modem A modem

1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000 20251875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000 20251875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000 20251875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000 2025

PlacesPlacesInflection

points

A modem A modem in every in every devicedevice

The network complexity challenge

Diversity Diversity Diversity Diversity Diversity Diversity Diversity Diversity of radio of radio of radio of radio of radio of radio of radio of radio

Variety of Variety of Variety of Variety of Variety of Variety of Variety of Variety of devicesdevicesdevicesdevicesdevicesdevicesdevicesdevices

of radio of radio of radio of radio of radio of radio of radio of radio technologiestechnologiestechnologiestechnologiestechnologiestechnologiestechnologiestechnologies

Increasing Increasing Increasing Increasing Increasing Increasing Increasing Increasing number of number of number of number of number of number of number of number of

bandsbandsbandsbandsbandsbandsbandsbands

14% 19%24% 30% 36%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

MunitsTablets

Tablet growth

Source: ST-Ericsson Market forecast Q211

70% 66% 59% 53%

16% 15% 16%

46%

15%

20%0

10

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Cellular Tablets WiFi-only Tablets Cellular share

Growing interest in Tablets after the launch of Apple iPad.

So far approximately 30% of the iPads comes with cellular modem

Majority of Tablets/iPads with HSPA+ or LTE access

More and more a connected world

300

400

500

600

Million units

0

100

200

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Connected devices, phones excluded Source: Based on ABI, 2011

New devices – People always onlineVolumes in “Connected Devices” assumed to take ~11% of the mobile device market in 2011, an

increase from 8% in 2009

3GPP/WLAN standard evolutions3GPP/WLAN standard evolutions

3GPP standard releases roadmap

3G3G3G3G

3GPP Std Rel8

�CS Voice Service over HSPA�Dual-Cell HSDPA operation on adjacent carriers,�Receiver Type3i (Rx diversity) + Interference canceller)�UE categories up to 24

LTELTELTELTE

�LTE FDD/TDD�Receive Diversity�MIMO 2x2, 4x4, MU-MIMO�Flexible BW ( 5, 10, 15, 20 Mhz)�FDD bands 1-14, 17-21�UE categories up to 5

Rel9 Rel10 Rel11

�Dual-Cell HSUPA�DB-DC HSDPA�Combination of DC-HSDPA with MIMO and 64QAM�UE categories up to 28

�4C-HSDPA with MIMO�SON (Self organizing network) - Automatic Neighbour Relation (ANR) for UTRAN�UE categories up to 32

�Carrier Aggregation (10+10) �Uplink Multiple Antenna Transmission �HetNet: Enhanced Inter-Cell Interference Control (ICIC) for non-Carrier Aggregation (CA)�UMTS/LTE 3500 MHz

�8C HSDPA�Non-contiguous 4C-HSDPA operation �UL Transmit diversity (Open/Closed loop)

�Carrier Aggregation (20+20 and others combinations)

EGPRSEGPRSEGPRSEGPRS

�UE categories up to 5�SON-ANR support

�VAMOS I & II�Reduced Latency�DARP II

�UMTS/LTE 3500 MHz�UE categories up to 8�LTE DL up to 40Mhz BW

�Tighter

WLANWLANWLANWLAN�802.11n �802.11ac

3G UE Categories

•HSDPA ∙ HSUPA

3GPP 3GPP 3GPP 3GPP releasereleasereleaserelease

CategoryCategoryCategoryCategory ModulatioModulatioModulatioModulationnnn

MIMOMIMOMIMOMIMO CarrierCarrierCarrierCarrier Max Max Max Max data data data data rate rate rate rate (Mbps)(Mbps)(Mbps)(Mbps)

RelRelRelRel 5555 8888 16QAM16QAM16QAM16QAM 7.27.27.27.2


RelRelRelRel 5555 10101010 16QAM16QAM16QAM16QAM 14141414



RelRelRelRel 7777 15151515 16QAM16QAM16QAM16QAM MIMOMIMOMIMOMIMO 23.423.423.423.4


CategoryCategoryCategoryCategory ModulatioModulatioModulatioModulationnnn

MIMMIMMIMMIMOOOO

CarrierCarrierCarrierCarrier Max Max Max Max data rate data rate data rate data rate (Mbps)(Mbps)(Mbps)(Mbps)

RelRelRelRel 6666 6666 QPSKQPSKQPSKQPSK 5.765.765.765.76


RelRelRelRel 9999 8888 QPSKQPSKQPSKQPSK DualDualDualDual----CarrCarrCarrCarr 11.511.511.511.5

RelRelRelRel 9999 9999 16QAM16QAM16QAM16QAM DualDualDualDual----CarrCarrCarrCarr 23232323




RelRelRelRel 8888 21212121 16QAM16QAM16QAM16QAM DualDualDualDual----CarrCarrCarrCarr 23.423.423.423.4




RelRelRelRel 9999 25252525 16QAM16QAM16QAM16QAM MIMOMIMOMIMOMIMO DualDualDualDual----CarrCarrCarrCarr 46.746.746.746.7




RelRelRelRel 10101010 29292929 64QAM64QAM64QAM64QAM 3 Carrier3 Carrier3 Carrier3 Carrier 63.363.363.363.3

RelRelRelRel 10101010 30303030 64QAM64QAM64QAM64QAM MIMOMIMOMIMOMIMO 3 Carrier3 Carrier3 Carrier3 Carrier 126.6126.6126.6126.6

RelRelRelRel 10101010 31313131 64QAM64QAM64QAM64QAM 4 Carrier4 Carrier4 Carrier4 Carrier 84.484.484.484.4

RelRelRelRel 10101010 32323232 64QAM64QAM64QAM64QAM MIMOMIMOMIMOMIMO 4 Carrier4 Carrier4 Carrier4 Carrier 168.8168.8168.8168.8

LTE UE Categories


CategoryCategoryCategoryCategory Max Data Max Data Max Data Max Data rate (DL/UL)rate (DL/UL)rate (DL/UL)rate (DL/UL)

DLDLDLDLMIMOMIMOMIMOMIMO(#(#(#(# layers)layers)layers)layers)

DLDLDLDLBWBWBWBW

UL UL UL UL MIMOMIMOMIMOMIMO(#(#(#(# layers)layers)layers)layers)

ULULULULBWBWBWBW

ULULULUL64QAM64QAM64QAM64QAM

RelRelRelRel 8888 1111 10/510/510/510/5 1111 5555 5555

RelRelRelRel 8888 2222 50/2550/2550/2550/25 2222 10101010 10101010

Rel 8Rel 8Rel 8Rel 8 3333 100/50100/50100/50100/50 2222 15151515 15151515

RelRelRelRel 8888 4444 150/50150/50150/50150/50 2222 20202020 20202020

RelRelRelRel 8888 5555 300/75300/75300/75300/75 4444 20202020 20202020 YESYESYESYES

RelRelRelRel 10101010 6666 300/50300/50300/50300/50 See See See See TablesTablesTablesTables

RelRelRelRel 10101010 7777 300/150300/150300/150300/150

RelRelRelRel 10101010 8888 1200/6001200/6001200/6001200/600

Band A Band B

DLDLDLDL

4444

DLDLDLDL

3333

CARRIER AGGREGATION IN 3GPPHSPA/LTE

Release 8Release 8Release 8Release 8

•DC-HSDPA (contiguous)

•LTE (single carrier – 1.4-20MHz)


•DC-HSUPA (contiguous)

•DB-DC-HSDPA (dual-band)


•

DLDLDLDL

2222

DLDLDLDL

1111

ULULULUL

2222

ULULULUL

1111

DLDLDLDL

2222

DLDLDLDL

1111

DLDLDLDL

1111

ULULULUL

1111

ULULULUL

1111

DLDLDLDL

2222

DLDLDLDL

1111

ULULULUL

1111

DLDLDLDL

1111

ULULULUL

1111

44443333

•4C-HSDPA (contiguous, 1-2 bands)

•LTE (contiguous up to 40MHz)


•4C-HSDPA (non-contiguous, >20MHz)

•LTE CA (Uplink, Downlink)

222211111111

4444333322221111

4444322221

33331111 44442222

DLDLDLDL

2222

DLDLDLDL

1111

ULULULUL

1111

DLDLDLDL

1111

ULULULUL

1111

DLDLDLDL

2222

ULULULUL

2222

WLAN - 802.11n/ac categories

ScenarioTypical ClientForm Factor

PHY Link RateAggregateCapacity

802.11n 4x4, 20Mhz Tablet, Laptop 72.2Mbit/s 72.2Mbit/s

802.11n 4x4, 40Mhz Tablet, Laptop 150Mbit/s 150Mbit/s

802.11ac 1x1, 80MHz Handheld 433 Mbit/s 433 Mbit/s

802.11ac 2x2, 80MHz Tablet, Laptop 867 Mbit/s 867 Mbit/s

802.11ac 1x1, 160MHz Handheld 867 Mbit/s 867 Mbit/s

802.11ac 2x2, 160MHz Tablet, Laptop 1.73 Gbit/s 1.73 Gbit/s

802.11ac4x4 MU-MIMO, 160MHz

Handheld 867 Mbit/s to each 3.47 Gbit/s

802.11ac

8x4 MU-MIMO, 2 users, 160MHz8x2 MU-MIMO, 4 users, 160MHz8x1 MU-MIMO, 8 users, 160MHz

Digital TV, Set-top Box,Tablet, Laptop, PC, Handheld

3.47 Gbit/s to 8x4 to each1.73 Gbit/s to 8x2 to each867 Mbit/s to 8x1to each

6.93 Gbit/s

802.11ac8x2 MU-MIMO, 4users, 160MHz

Digital TV, Tablet, Laptop, PC

1.73 Gbit/s to each 6.93 Gbit/s


4G terminal trends4G terminal trends

4G modem – Telecom features

•4G modem complexity and power consumption mainly impacted by

•New features

•Increased data rate

•Carrier Aggregation

•Receive diversity and MIMO

•Multi-mode support

•EGPRS, 3G, LTE minimum requirement, TDSCDMA for China, CDMA for US•EGPRS, 3G, LTE minimum requirement, TDSCDMA for China, CDMA for US

•Connectivity (GPS, BT, FM, RFID)

•WLAN 802.11xx family

•Analysis is done mainly on the 4G Modem Base Band part as the most impacted by standard evolution

•Trends can be generalized to other Modem parts


•Simple block diagram to clarify naming convention

4G modem – General block diagram

RFTransceiver

RFFront/End

Digital BaseBand (DBB)

DigitalF/E

TxProcessing

ChannelCodec


Equalization

Computational complexity trend

•Modem computational complexity is dominated by the receiver part

•Transmitter complexity increasing with UL Carrier Aggregation, MIMO and data rate increase

•Channel codec computational complexity is dominated by the Turbo decoder and increasing linearly with data rate

•Turbo decoding complexity highly depending on number of iterations

•Digital Front End and Equalization complexity is increasing linearly •Digital Front End and Equalization complexity is increasing linearly with bandwidth aggregation and number of receiver antennas

•MIMO adds additional complexity for equalization with ML receiver

•RF F/E and RF Transceiver complexity increasing

•Multi-RF to support Multi-mode

•Rx and Tx BW aggregation

•High variety of BW to be supported in LTE


Computational complexity trend – 3GPP Standard evolution

LTE/LTE-A complexity trend

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

HSPA+ complexity trend

Complexity (GOPS) Data Rate (Mbps)


0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

LTE Cat 4 LTE Cat 4 ML LTE Cat 5 LTE Cat 5 ML LTE Cat 6 Dual Carrier

LTE/LTE-A complexity trend

Complexity (GOPS) Data Rate (Mbps)

Computational Complexity trend – Partitioning

MIMO> ML Demod

Same datarate


MIMO> Digital FE

rate

Modem power consumption trend

•Modem system power consumption

•Considers all system parts (RF F/E, RF transceiver, PA, analog, DBB) contribution

•PA impacts on power consumption depends on the emission level

•Test scenarios defined by GSM-A for standard power measurements is called DG09 and is available for 2G/3G speech, scenarios under discussion for data and for LTE

••Low cost and low power consumption modem for Entry/M2M

•Removing of Rx Diversity/MIMO/High data rate will reduce it

•Modem Base Band power consumption is impacted by

•Complexity => Energy/Operation

•Partitioning => Energy/Operation varying with Cores

•Technology => Energy/Operation varying with Technology


200

250

Cu

rrent

con

sum

pti

on o

n b

att

ery

in

mA

Cu

rrent

con

sum

pti

on o

n b

att

ery

in

mA

Cu

rrent

con

sum

pti

on o

n b

att

ery

in

mA

Cu

rrent

con

sum

pti

on o

n b

att

ery

in

mA

Talk Power consumption trendTalk Power consumption trendTalk Power consumption trendTalk Power consumption trend

Modem power consumption trend in mass market

•VoIP improves power consumption

•Closing the gap from 2G to 4G early deployment

•4G VoIP expected to be next to 3G VoIP power consumption

0

50

100

150

100 1000 10000

Cu

rrent

con

sum

pti

on o

n b

att

ery

in

mA

Cu

rrent

con

sum

pti

on o

n b

att

ery

in

mA

Cu

rrent

con

sum

pti

on o

n b

att

ery

in

mA

Cu

rrent

con

sum

pti

on o

n b

att

ery

in

mA

Cumulative sales of products on million unitsCumulative sales of products on million unitsCumulative sales of products on million unitsCumulative sales of products on million units

2G speech conso

3G speech conso

3G CPC conso -> 4G


Idle power consumption Idle power consumption Idle power consumption Idle power consumption

breakdownbreakdownbreakdownbreakdown

Modem power consumption breakdown

•DBB + mem power consumption dominant in Idle mode

•PA power dissipation dominant in Speech depending on mobile position

•DBB + mem power consumption increasing with receive data rate

Speech power consumption Speech power consumption Speech power consumption Speech power consumption


Radio+PARadio+PARadio+PARadio+PA

DBB+memDBB+memDBB+memDBB+mem

PMU+analogPMU+analogPMU+analogPMU+analog



Radio+PARadio+PARadio+PARadio+PADBB+memDBB+memDBB+memDBB+mem

PMU+analogPMU+analogPMU+analogPMU+analog


Modem Power consumption trend with data rate

•Tx at 10dBm is considered for power consumption analysis

•PA is strongly contributing to the power consumption limiting base band impact

•DBB power consumption is more visible at lower emission power (0dBm)

•High data rates more likely to happen near to the NodeB

140

160

180

Modem power consumption trend with data rateModem power consumption trend with data rateModem power consumption trend with data rateModem power consumption trend with data rate


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Voice HSDPA

cat14

HSDPA

cat24

HSDPA

cat28

HSDPA

cat28,

HSUPA

Cat8

HSDPA

cat32

HSDPA

cat32,

HSUPA

Cat9

Mb

ps

Mb

ps

Mb

ps

Mb

ps

Normalized power consumption trend HSPA Data rate Rx (Mbps)

•Assuming to simply apply the Moore's Law – divide power by 2 every full node CMOS technology step

•Computational complexity multiply Moore’s power scaling factor to provide a rough BB power consumption trend (same applies to area)

700

800

900

Power consumption trend Power consumption trend Power consumption trend Power consumption trend ---- TecnologyTecnologyTecnologyTecnology vsvsvsvs Features evolutionFeatures evolutionFeatures evolutionFeatures evolution

DBB Power consumption trend with CMOS technology

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

HSPA Rel7

42Mbps

CMOS065

HSPA Rel9

84Mbps

CMOS045

LTE/HSPA Rel8

150Mbps

CMOS032

LTE/HSPA Rel10

300Mbps

CMOS022

HSPA Rel7

42Mbps

CMOS032

Com

puta

tional C

om

ple

xit

yC

om

puta

tional C

om

ple

xit

yC

om

puta

tional C

om

ple

xit

yC

om

puta

tional C

om

ple

xit

y

GOPS

Power consumption normalized by

techno scaling


% c

on

sum

pti

on

% c

on

sum

pti

on

% c

on

sum

pti

on

% c

on

sum

pti

on

Modem multi-mode trend

•Reuse common inter RAT functions

•Turbo decoder, MIMO ML receiver

•Some functions in equalization, digital front end

•Flexibility

•On the fly reconfiguration to optimize performance for multi-bands, MIMO, Rx diversity, Interference cancellation, CoMP, Dual-SIM possible combinationscombinations

•Market segments support

•Smartphone market driven by high data rate, low power consumption and time to market

•Capable architecture to support all standard evolution with minimum HW redesign

•Entry and M2M driven by low price and lower power consumption

•Easy modem de-configuration


DBB multimode reuse – Area gain trend

•Map re-use gain into equivalent computational complexity gain to see the HW area gain trend

1000

1200

1400

Com

pu

tati

onal com

ple

xit

y m

ap

ped

to

Com

pu

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onal com

ple

xit

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ap

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to

Com

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ple

xit

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ap

ped

to

Com

pu

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onal com

ple

xit

y m

ap

ped

to H

W

HW

H

W

HW

resou

rces

resou

rces

resou

rces

resou

rces

4G LTE/HSPA+ IP reuse trend4G LTE/HSPA+ IP reuse trend4G LTE/HSPA+ IP reuse trend4G LTE/HSPA+ IP reuse trend


0

200

400

600

800

LTE Cat4 ML+HSDPA

Dual carrier MIMO no

reuse

LTE Cat4 ML+HSDPA

Dual carrier MIMO with

reuse

LTE Cat6 Dual

carrier+HSDPA 4

carriers + MIMO no

reuse

LTE Cat6 Dual

carrier+HSDPA 4

carriers + MIMO with

reuse

Com

pu

tati

onal com

ple

xit

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ap

ped

to

Com

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ap

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to

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Com

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to

(GO

PS)

(GO

PS)

(GO

PS)

(GO

PS)

4G Modem architecture4G Modem architecture

Outline for architecture definition

•Latest available CMOS technology to optimum power and size

•Flexible modem with complexity depending on supported standard release, market request and data rate support

•Easy standard release upgrade

•Receiver algorithms differentiator following market needs

•Easy re-configuration

••Flexible modem reduces energy/operation efficiency

•CPU: 100 pJ/op

•DSP: 10 pJ/op EVP (Embedded Vector Processor)

•HW: 1 pJ/op Turbo decoder

•Use flexibility where it brings added value, use HW for highly

complex and power burning algorithms!


10G

100G

↑load

configurablehardware

application scope,generality

vector DSP

Heterogeneous multi-core: trade-offs


100M1k 100 10k 100k 1M 10Mcode size [Bytes] →

1G

100M

load[ops]

efficiency(area, power)

DSP

micro-controller

Heterogeneous multi-core: trade-offs trendDigital Front Digital Front Digital Front Digital Front EndEndEndEnd

DemodulationDemodulationDemodulationDemodulationEqualizerEqualizerEqualizerEqualizer

Channel Channel Channel Channel CodecCodecCodecCodec

StackStackStackStack

Typical functions

FiltersGain controlDigRF Interface

Channel estimationSynchronizationInterferencecancellationFFTSphere decoding

(de)interleavingRate matching(de)puncturingViterbiTurboLDPC

L2-L3MAC

Complexity Medium Medium High Low


•Multi-standard radio: details depends on combination of radios,and on stability/maturity of standards and algorithms

Complexity(GOPS) trend

Medium Medium High Low

Multimodereuse

Medium Medium High Low

Flexibility Low High Low High

Configurable HW

OK OK OK -

EVP Some OK Some -

CPU Control Control Control OK

Heterogeneous multi-core architecture for 4G

Modem - Outline

•Support of multi-RAT, multi-radio and connectivity

•GSM/EDGE, WCDMA/HSPA+, TD-SCDMA, LTE FDD/TDD

•Carrier aggregation, multi-antenna

•WLAN standards, GPS/BT/FM

•Scalability

•Standalone modems and integrated solutions support••From smart-phone to entry/M2M

•Configurable device and power consumption

•HW processors for stable and power consumption critical algos

•SW programmability for late features insertion and algo differentiators


Heterogeneous multi-core architecture for 4G modem – General

principles

•EVP/DSP(s) for data signal processing

•CPU(s) for data control processing

•HW accelerators for demanding data processing

•Per RATs -> LTE, 3G, EGPRS, TDSCDMA

•Common -> To gain HW re-use


Modem BB

CPU(s)CPU(s)EVP/DSP(s)RF

TransceiverRF

Front/End

Accelerators

Per RATs

Common

MemoryMemory

Heterogeneous multi-core architecture for 4G modem –Scalability

•Scale number of CPUs/EVPs/DSPs to required processing

•Remove/add hardware accelerators as function of supported radio access technologies

•Scale size of memory with respect to data rate and supported RATs

•Scale number of antennas and RF transceiver


Modem BB


TransceiverRF

Front/End

Accelerators

Per RATs

Common

MemoryMemory

Heterogeneous multi-core architecture – Full feature 4G modem

•Full features modem for Smartphone applications

•Multi antennas, multi processors, max computational power and memory required for supporting all RATs latest releases

•Common accelerators covering common functions 2 or more RATs (exe Turbo/Viterbi, Sphere decoder for MIMO, RF interface (DIGRF V4), Equalizer parts)


Modem BB


TransceiverRF

Front/EndMemoryMemory

LT

EH

W A

ccele

rato

rs

3G

HW

Accele

rato

rs

EG

PR

SH

W A

ccele

rato

rs

Sp

ecific

RA

Ts

HW

Accele

rato

rs

Com

mon

HW

Accele

rato

rs

Heterogeneous multi-core architecture – Low cost modem

•Low cost/Entry de-configuration from full features modem

•Support only specific RATs

•Remove accelerators

•Support only specific features

•Reduce memory and charge of CPUs/DSPs/EVPs to remove some specific functions

•Remove antennas and RF transceiver functions

•For LTE low cost a specific work item is ongoing at 3GPP standardization


Modem BB

CPU(s)RFTransceiver

RFFront/End

Memory

LT

EH

W A

ccele

rato

rs

3G

HW

Accele

rato

rs

EG

PR

SH

W A

ccele

rato

rs

Sp

ecific

RA

Ts

HW

Accele

rato

rs

Com

mon

HW

Accele

rato

rs

MemoryEVP/DSP(s) CPU(s)

Heterogeneous multi-core architecture – WLAN in 4G Modem scenarios

•WLAN is already present in all smart-phones

•Tight integration of WLAN and Cellular for new multimode features

•Cellular/WLAN seamless offloading (Seamless movement of selected IP traffic, Simultaneous IP flow support)

•WLAN tethering (mobile hotspot)

•Full integration of the WLAN in the modem depends on expected gains:

•HW coprocessor reuse gain•HW coprocessor reuse gain

•Turbo decoder used only in WiMax, LDPC used in 802.11n/ac -> Turbo/LDPC common decoder

•Sphere decoder

•Equalization/FFT

•Power consumption optimization to be considered

•Full integration make sense only for use cases where Cellular and WLAN are not running in parallel


Thor: A new generation of thin modems

• Worlds first 21Mbps smartphones and modules

• Two-chip solutions

• Lowest power consumption

• First with LTE

• Commercial platforms

• LTE TDD/FDD

Industry leading vector processor proven in TD-SCDMA solutions

LTE Leadership Unique Vector Processing HSPA+ Breakthrough


M7400 & M7400 & M7400 & M7400 & M7400 & M7400 & M7400 & M7400 & M7300M7300M7300M7300M7300M7300M7300M7300Efficient multiEfficient multiEfficient multiEfficient multi----modemodemodemode

Unified handling of all 3GPP technologies

SoftwareSoftwareSoftwareSoftware----defined radio accessdefined radio accessdefined radio accessdefined radio accessFast introduction of new features and easy adaptation to latest standards

Scalability in size & performanceScalability in size & performanceScalability in size & performanceScalability in size & performancePowerful high-end to cost-efficient entry

Conclusion

•4G modems trend is requiring:

•Increased complexity with low power consumption

•Optimum multimode and fast evolving new features support

•From smart phone to entry/M2M products optimization

•4G modems requirements can be met with:

•Advanced CMOS (45->32->22 nm)

•Heterogeneous multi-core architectures


•Heterogeneous multi-core architectures

•Easy architecture reconfiguration

•4G modem Thor with advanced reconfigurable architecture

•Smart HW-FW-SW trade off with very good flexibility thanks to EVP

•Power consumption stays constant throughout 10x complexity increase

•Architecture and power consumption fitting market products requirements

Next to come on power consumption

•Intelligent connection managers to prioritize Cellular and WLAN for data application QoS and power consumption optimization

•Best connection reduces power consumption

•Cross Layer/Mobile cloud computing for power consumption optimization

•Fit at best video quality to the link connection SNR to avoid waste of data rate and unuseful increase of power consumption

•CMOS technology evolution to keep track of exponentially increasing •CMOS technology evolution to keep track of exponentially increasing computational complexity of cellular/WLAN standards


THANK YOUTHANK YOU

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