SSWH7b, c, d SSWH5e. I. Agriculture increased A.Improvements in tools A.Improvements in toolsheavier...

26
SSWH7b, c, d SSWH5e

description

II. Guilds = specialized labor A. Members of Guild in same occupation B. Regulated economic life B. Regulated economic life; similar to local monopoly 1. Set standards, price, age 2. all members of competing guilds lived next to each other to keep competition keen 3. limited trade with foreigners

Transcript of SSWH7b, c, d SSWH5e. I. Agriculture increased A.Improvements in tools A.Improvements in toolsheavier...

Page 1: SSWH7b, c, d SSWH5e. I. Agriculture increased A.Improvements in tools A.Improvements in toolsheavier plow and collar harnesses allowed farmers to use.

SSWH7b, c, dSSWH5e

Page 2: SSWH7b, c, d SSWH5e. I. Agriculture increased A.Improvements in tools A.Improvements in toolsheavier plow and collar harnesses allowed farmers to use.

I. Agriculture increasedI. Agriculture increasedA.A. Improvements in toolsImprovements in tools…heavier plow and collar

harnesses allowed farmers to use horses instead of oxen – horses faster

B.B. The three field system The three field system - use 2/3 field = land more productive = more food produced

1. More food = Population increased and people begin to move to cities

Page 3: SSWH7b, c, d SSWH5e. I. Agriculture increased A.Improvements in tools A.Improvements in toolsheavier plow and collar harnesses allowed farmers to use.

II. Guilds = specialized laborII. Guilds = specialized labor

A. Members of Guild in same occupationA. Members of Guild in same occupationB. Regulated economic lifeB. Regulated economic life; similar to local monopoly 1. Set standards, price, age 2. all members of competing guilds lived next to each other to keep competition keen 3. limited trade with foreigners

Page 4: SSWH7b, c, d SSWH5e. I. Agriculture increased A.Improvements in tools A.Improvements in toolsheavier plow and collar harnesses allowed farmers to use.

The increase in trade and surplus population due to improved farming brought about a rise in towns.

Page 5: SSWH7b, c, d SSWH5e. I. Agriculture increased A.Improvements in tools A.Improvements in toolsheavier plow and collar harnesses allowed farmers to use.

III. Commercial RevolutionIII. Commercial RevolutionA.A. Merchant class developsMerchant class develops 1. peddlers often did well – became merchants 2. textiles became international item 3. Serfs left manor – lived in town one year and one day became free 4. bourgeoisie class develops (middle class)

Page 6: SSWH7b, c, d SSWH5e. I. Agriculture increased A.Improvements in tools A.Improvements in toolsheavier plow and collar harnesses allowed farmers to use.

B. Business and banking develop due to trade btwn AsiaB. Business and banking develop due to trade btwn Asia and Europeand Europe 1. barter impractical1. barter impractical 2. Non-Europeans would only accept money 3. money-economy developed3. money-economy developed a. led to moneychangers b. moneychangers usually Jewish or Italian 4. further served to bring about the decline of feudalism

Page 7: SSWH7b, c, d SSWH5e. I. Agriculture increased A.Improvements in tools A.Improvements in toolsheavier plow and collar harnesses allowed farmers to use.

C. Led to growth of towns and C. Led to growth of towns and citiescities 1. little to no sanitation 2. houses usually crowded a. all members of aristocratic families slept in one room b. middle and lower classes slept in ONE bed, if they had one 3. hygiene very low

D.D. UniversitiesUniversities 1. developed in Islamic countries 2. books copies by hand=very expensive… students studied notes… didn’t have books 3. students were male 4. Literature in vernacular4. Literature in vernacular

Page 8: SSWH7b, c, d SSWH5e. I. Agriculture increased A.Improvements in tools A.Improvements in toolsheavier plow and collar harnesses allowed farmers to use.

IV. Bubonic Plague mid-1300s CE IV. Bubonic Plague mid-1300s CE A. Attacked regions of China in 1331B. Advances in shipbuilding = 1. merchant ships sail year round = disease spread1. merchant ships sail year round = disease spread 2. fleas on rats, rats on shipsC. Plague lived in blood stream of an animal or

stomach of fleaD. Medieval people had no rational explanation for D. Medieval people had no rational explanation for

plague or effective medical treatmentplague or effective medical treatmentE. Filthy conditions and overcrowded conditions in E. Filthy conditions and overcrowded conditions in

cities accelerated growth of plaguecities accelerated growth of plague 1. about 1/3 of city populations died from 1348-501. about 1/3 of city populations died from 1348-50 2. less in rural areas2. less in rural areas

Page 9: SSWH7b, c, d SSWH5e. I. Agriculture increased A.Improvements in tools A.Improvements in toolsheavier plow and collar harnesses allowed farmers to use.

It was from a time of plague, that the nursery rhyme "Ring Around the Rosy" derives: the rose-colored "ring" being an early sign that a blotch was about to appear on the skin; "a pocket full of posies" being a device to ward off stench and (it was hoped) the attendant infection; "ashes, ashes" being a reference to "ashes to ashes, dust to dust" or perhaps to the sneezing "a-choo, a-choo" that afflicted those in whom the infection had invaded the lungs and ending, inevitably, in "all fall down."

Page 10: SSWH7b, c, d SSWH5e. I. Agriculture increased A.Improvements in tools A.Improvements in toolsheavier plow and collar harnesses allowed farmers to use.
Page 11: SSWH7b, c, d SSWH5e. I. Agriculture increased A.Improvements in tools A.Improvements in toolsheavier plow and collar harnesses allowed farmers to use.
Page 12: SSWH7b, c, d SSWH5e. I. Agriculture increased A.Improvements in tools A.Improvements in toolsheavier plow and collar harnesses allowed farmers to use.

Playing cardsJokers – represent infection with the Black Death. Say your prayers!Hearts – represent happiness and well-being derived from meeting with and talking with others. All players can benefit from hearts.Spades – represent honor and status. Nobles are especially interested in increasing their honor and status.Diamonds – represent wealth. Merchants are especially interested in increasing their wealth. Clubs – represent food. Peasants are especially interested in increasing their supply of food.

RolesPeasant – Peasant farmers always have to worry about the next meal. Players who are peasants should focus on collecting food (clubs) in order to establish a stable food supply. Merchant – Merchants engage in trade for profit. Players who are merchants should focus on collecting money (diamonds).Nobles – Noblemen and noblewomen constantly try to increase their status and honor. Players who are noble should focus on collecting prestige (spades).

ScoringHearts (happiness) are always worth the face value of the card (ace worth 1, face cards 10).

The cards in a player’s role suit score their face value plus bonus points:Pair: 10 pointsThree-of-a-kind: 30 pointsFour of a kind: 80 points3 card straight (any 3 in order 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, Jack, Queen, King, Ace): 20 points4 card straight: (any 4 in order 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, Jack, Queen, King, Ace): 40 points5 card straight: (any 5 in order 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, Jack, Queen, King, Ace): 60 points

All cards that are neither hearts nor in a player’s role suit are worth 1 point each.

Page 13: SSWH7b, c, d SSWH5e. I. Agriculture increased A.Improvements in tools A.Improvements in toolsheavier plow and collar harnesses allowed farmers to use.

Chapter 14.1:The Crusades

Page 14: SSWH7b, c, d SSWH5e. I. Agriculture increased A.Improvements in tools A.Improvements in toolsheavier plow and collar harnesses allowed farmers to use.

Overview of the Crusades (comes from word cross)•Between 1096 & 1270 at least eight official campaigns. •Goal = release Holy Land & Jerusalem from the infidels (Muslim Arabs or Turks)Goal = release Holy Land & Jerusalem from the infidels (Muslim Arabs or Turks)•Crusades helped speed up changes in Europe and open it up to new ideasCrusades helped speed up changes in Europe and open it up to new ideas•Mediterranean trading cities growMediterranean trading cities grow•Improved European technologyImproved European technology•Greater contact between Europe, Byzantine, and Muslim civilizationsGreater contact between Europe, Byzantine, and Muslim civilizations•An expression of European religious zeal

Page 15: SSWH7b, c, d SSWH5e. I. Agriculture increased A.Improvements in tools A.Improvements in toolsheavier plow and collar harnesses allowed farmers to use.
Page 16: SSWH7b, c, d SSWH5e. I. Agriculture increased A.Improvements in tools A.Improvements in toolsheavier plow and collar harnesses allowed farmers to use.

I. The 1st Crusade = only successful CrusadeI. The 1st Crusade = only successful Crusade

A. 1096 - called by Pope Urban II 1. Holy Land under Muslim control 2. pilgrimages to Holy Land dangerousB. Many to benefit 1. chance for foreign travel and excitement 2. younger sons a chance to acquire fiefs in Middle East 3. Peasants released from feudal 3. Peasants released from feudal bonds while on Crusadebonds while on Crusade

4. Peasants could fight to show their love for 4. Peasants could fight to show their love for GodGod

5. Immediate salvation to crusaders 5. Immediate salvation to crusaders who died in battlewho died in battle

Page 17: SSWH7b, c, d SSWH5e. I. Agriculture increased A.Improvements in tools A.Improvements in toolsheavier plow and collar harnesses allowed farmers to use.

C. Results 1. Jerusalem captured from Muslims in 1099 2. Most of the Jewish & Muslim inhabitants massacred 3. Hatred of non-Christians heightened; persecution3. Hatred of non-Christians heightened; persecution of Jews increasedof Jews increased 4. authority of Church reinforced

Page 18: SSWH7b, c, d SSWH5e. I. Agriculture increased A.Improvements in tools A.Improvements in toolsheavier plow and collar harnesses allowed farmers to use.

II. The 2nd Crusade

A. 1144 crusader state of Edessa was re-conquered by MuslimsB. 1187 Jerusalem fell again to Muslims 1. Saladin Muslim leader

Page 19: SSWH7b, c, d SSWH5e. I. Agriculture increased A.Improvements in tools A.Improvements in toolsheavier plow and collar harnesses allowed farmers to use.

III. 3rd Crusade = “Crusade of Kings”A. Holy Roman Emperor Frederick

Barbarossa of Germany, King Philip Augustus of France, and King Richard I (the Lion Hearted) led crusaders

1. Barbarossa died on the way, Philip went home, so Richard led to battle 2. Richard and warriors not successful 3. Saladin believed Jerusalem more precious to MuslimsB. Truce signed 1. Jerusalem would remain in Muslim hands, but Christian pilgrims would have access

Page 20: SSWH7b, c, d SSWH5e. I. Agriculture increased A.Improvements in tools A.Improvements in toolsheavier plow and collar harnesses allowed farmers to use.
Page 21: SSWH7b, c, d SSWH5e. I. Agriculture increased A.Improvements in tools A.Improvements in toolsheavier plow and collar harnesses allowed farmers to use.

IV. Reconquista

A. Spain’s effort to force Muslims from Spain began in 1100s - ended in 1492 under reign of Ferdinand and Isabella

Page 22: SSWH7b, c, d SSWH5e. I. Agriculture increased A.Improvements in tools A.Improvements in toolsheavier plow and collar harnesses allowed farmers to use.

V. The Inquisition

A. Spanish attempt to unify Spain under ChristianityB. Practicing Jews and Muslims were expelled from Spain in 1492C. Those who were suspected of not being Christian

were often tortured and/or burned at the stake

Page 23: SSWH7b, c, d SSWH5e. I. Agriculture increased A.Improvements in tools A.Improvements in toolsheavier plow and collar harnesses allowed farmers to use.

VI. Effects of the Crusades

A. Weakened power of Pope A. Weakened power of Pope B. Weakened power of nobility and feudal systemB. Weakened power of nobility and feudal systemC. Strengthened power of kingsC. Strengthened power of kingsD. Luxuries from East encouraged tradeE. Superior ideas in art, philosophy, medicine, and

mathematics introduced to Europe by MuslimsF. Muslims become more united against common

enemy – hostility continues to this day between Muslims and Christians

Page 24: SSWH7b, c, d SSWH5e. I. Agriculture increased A.Improvements in tools A.Improvements in toolsheavier plow and collar harnesses allowed farmers to use.

Major Events of late Middle Ages

Page 25: SSWH7b, c, d SSWH5e. I. Agriculture increased A.Improvements in tools A.Improvements in toolsheavier plow and collar harnesses allowed farmers to use.

Changes in Medieval Society

1000-1100

Growth of towns and trade leads to the appearance of new class called burghers or bourgeoisie= wealthy town dwellers

1100sWorkers form guilds that control wages and prices in each craft. Burghers win right to govern towns and exemption from feudal obligations to local lords

1213-1295In England, the Magna Carta guarantees basic political rights. Burghers and knights serve in the model parliament. Later the two groups form a separate assembly called the House of Commons

1302In France, commoners become known as the Third Estate. Their participation in a council called the Estates-General helps increase the power of the king over the nobility

1300-1400sDuring the 100 Years’ War between France and England, the use of longbows and cannons reduces the military effectiveness of armored knights in combat. Local lords begin to lose political power to the monarchy.After 100 Year War, English and French monarchs call upon the Parliament and the Estates-General to help them rule

Page 26: SSWH7b, c, d SSWH5e. I. Agriculture increased A.Improvements in tools A.Improvements in toolsheavier plow and collar harnesses allowed farmers to use.

Europe in the Middle Ages