SSTRM - StrategicReviewGroup.ca - Workshop 3: Lethal and Non-Lethal Weapons Effects, Volume 1 -...

Department of National Defence

Defence Research and Development Canada

Industry Canada

September 15, 2010

Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap

Workshop 3:

Lethal and Non-Lethal Weapons Effects

Toronto, November 24-26, 2009

Volume 1: Report

Page ii of 117

Acknowledgements

The Department of National Defence (DND), Defence Research and Development Canada

(DRDC), and Industry Canada (IC) would like to acknowledge the contributions and support

provided by the IC Special Events team that organized the Lethal and Non-Lethal Weapons

Effects workshop venue, logistics, and accommodations; the Soldier Systems TRM Lethal and

Non-Lethal Weapons Effects Technical Subcommittee and co-chairs, and the Executive Steering

Committee for sharing their time and expertise; the Strategic Review Group, Inc., for facilitating

the workshop; and the participants from across Canada, the United States, and abroad, who

contributed to making the workshop a success. Special thanks to those who presented at the

workshop, for sharing their time, energy, and knowledge.

Page iii of 117

Table of Contents

Executive Summary ...................................................................................................... vii

Preface: Lethal and Non-Lethal Weapons Effects and the Soldier Systems

Technology Roadmap .............................................................................................. 9

About the Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap (TRM) ......................................... 9

Lethal and Non-Lethal Weapons and the Roadmap ............................................... 11

The Workshop Process .......................................................................................... 14

Introduction: Soldier System TRM Overview ................................................................. 16

Introductory Presentation Abstracts ........................................................................ 16

Welcome and Opening Remarks, LCol M. Prudhomme (DND) ........................ 16

Soldier Systems Modernization Effort Overview, Maj. S. Dufour (DND) ........... 17

Return on Power and Energy Workshop: Weapons Related

Considerations, Mr. D. Cripe (Rockwell-Collins) ................................... 18

Return on Visioning Workshop: Lethal Weapons, Mr. P. Carr (SRG) ............... 18

Part I. Lethal Weapons Effects......................................................................... 19

1. Lethal Weapons Capability Goals, Drivers, Challenges and Gaps .......................... 19

Lethality Session 1 Presentation Abstracts ............................................................. 19

1.1 Overall Integrated Soldier System Requirements and

Related Lethality Aspects, Capt. A. Dionne (DND) ............................... 19

Demonstration: To shoot, or not to shoot? ... what to shoot? ... and

when to shoot? .................................................................................... 20

1.2 Future Soldier Weapon Lethality Capabilities: The Small Arms

Replacement Program, Maj. B. Gilchrist (DND) ................................... 22

1.3 Overview of NATO RTO Soldier Weapons Interoperability

Task Group and Integration Challenges, Maj. L. Bossi (DND) .............. 23

1.4 Review of NATO Future Assault Rifle Requirements & CF

Surveys, Mr. D. Tack (HSI) .................................................................. 24

Lethality Working Session 1: Lethality Capability Goals, Drivers,

Challenges and Gaps ...................................................................................... 25

Lethality Working Session 1 Inputs and Instructions ........................................ 25

Lethality Working Session 1 Results: Drivers/Gaps Identified .......................... 27

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2. Lethal Weapons Sub-Systems: Performance Goals, Challenges, and Gaps .......... 29


2.1 NATO Small Arms Works, Mr. Per Arvidsson, (Sweden) ..................... 29

2.2 Key Soldier Weapon Sensors Future Options, Mr., H. Angel (HSI) ...... 30

2.3 Key Small Calibre Ammunition Sub-Systems,

Mr. P. Lemay (GD OTS) ...................................................................... 31

Lethality Working Session 2: Lethality Devices/Subsystems .................................. 32


Lethality Working Session 2 Results: Completed Lethal Weapons Effects

Devices/Sub-systems Worksheets ....................................................... 34

3. Lethal Weapons Key Technologies Options, Readiness, Challenges, and Gaps .... 35


3.1 Small Calibre Weapons & Ammunition Technologies

State-of-the-Art Overview, Mr. P. Harris & Dr. V. Tanguay (DRDC) ..... 35

3.2 Soldier Weapons Sensors and Fire Control Systems

State-of-the-Art Overview, P. Merel and P. Laou ................................. 36

3.3 Overview of Weapons Effectiveness Metrics,

Mr. D. Bourget (DRDC) ........................................................................ 36

3.4 Weapons Effects Characterization State-of-the-Art Overview,

Mr. B. Anctil (Biokinetics) ..................................................................... 37

Lethality Working Session 3: Lethality Technologies .............................................. 38


Lethality Working Session 3 Results: Technology Focus Areas Identified ....... 40

4. Lethal Weapons Future Collaboration/Project Opportunities and Priorities ............. 43


4.1 Luncheon Presentation: Guest speaker Mr. S. Stevens (NRC),

Overview of the Industrial Research Assistance Program (IRAP) ........ 43

4.2 Collaboration Tool (ICee) Presentation and Demo,

Mr. V. Ricard (DND) ............................................................................. 44

Lethality Working Session 4: Identifying Collaborations .......................................... 45


Lethality Working Session 4 Results: Collaborations Identified ........................ 48

1. Target Location/Decision Support .................................................... 49

2. Target Acquisition—IFF—Sensors ................................................... 50

Page v of 117

3. Target Information Fusion ................................................................ 51

4. Smart Ammunition—Multiple Effects ................................................ 52

5. Power Supply/Management—Powered Rail ..................................... 53

6. Fire Control System ......................................................................... 54

7. Enhanced Lethality Ammunition—Lighter, Smaller, Caseless,

Low Weight ...................................................................................... 54

Part II. Non-Lethal Weapons Effects .............................................................. 55

Non-Lethality Presentation Abstracts...................................................................... 55

1.1 Future Soldier Non-Lethal Systems Capability Requirements,

Usage Scenarios, and Roadmap, Maj. S. Dufour (DND) ...................... 55

1.2 Overview of Non-Lethal R&D Program, Mr. D. Bourget (DRDC) .......... 56

1.3 Overview of Non-Lethal Technologies and Systems,

Mr. H. Angel (HSI) ............................................................................... 57

1.4 Luncheon Presentation: Less Lethal Weapons & Use of Force in

Canadian Law Enforcement, Mr. Steve Palmer (CPRC) ...................... 57

Non-Lethality Working Session 1: Non-Lethal Focus Areas .................................... 58

Non-Lethal Working Session 1 Inputs and Instructions .................................... 58

Non-Lethal Working Session 1 Results: Technology Focus Areas .................. 59

Non-Lethality Session 2 Presentation Abstracts ..................................................... 61

1.5 Overview of Crowd Control Modeling and Applications to NLW,

Dr. A. Frini (DRDC) .............................................................................. 61

Non-Lethality Working Session 2: Identifying Collaborations .................................. 62

Non-Lethality Working Session 2 Inputs and Instructions ................................ 62

Non-Lethality Working Session 2 Results: Collaborations Identified ................ 62

1. Directed Energy Weapon ................................................................. 65

2. Constant Energy Weapon ................................................................ 65

3. Improved Dazzler ............................................................................. 65

4. Enhanced Non-Lethal Ammunition—Caseless, Low Weight ............ 66

5. Hostile Intent Sensors/Automated Decision Support ........................ 66

Page vi of 117

Part III. Next Steps ........................................................................................... 67

Ongoing and Upcoming Roadmap Activities ................................................................. 67

Ongoing Lethal and Non-Lethal Weapons Effects Collaborations ........................... 67

Sharing Knowledge using the ICee ........................................................................ 67

Upcoming Workshops ............................................................................................ 68

Appendixes

A. The Workshop Agenda ........................................................................................... 69

B. List of Workshop Participants ................................................................................. 72

C. Lethality Working Session 2 Participant Worksheets .............................................. 79

D. Lethality Working Session 3 Participant Solution/Technology Stickies .................... 88

E. Non-Lethality Working Session 1 Participant Solution/Technology Stickies .......... 105

F. Mind Map Exercise and Results ........................................................................... 111

List of Figures

Figure 1. Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap Home Page ...................................... 10

Figure 2. Lethal/Non-Lethal Weapons and the Roadmap .............................................. 11

Figure 3. The Integrated Soldier: a System of Systems ................................................. 12

Figure 4. The Escalation of Force Continuum—from Non-Lethal to Lethal .................... 12

Figure 5. Weapon Technology Radar ............................................................................ 13

Figure 6. The Workshop Process .................................................................................. 15

Figure 7. Lethal/Non-Lethal Demonstration: To shoot, or not to shoot ...

what to shoot ... and when to shoot? .............................................................. 21

Figure 8. Working Session 1 Handout: Lethal/Non-Lethal Visioning .............................. 26

Figure 9. Working Session 2: Devices/Subsystems Worksheet ..................................... 33

Figure 10. Working Session 3: Participants at "The Wall" .............................................. 39

Page vii of 117

List of Tables

Table 1. Drivers/Gaps and Visions Identified in Working Session 1 ............................... 28

Table 2. The Grid Approach for Lethality Working Session 3 ......................................... 38

Table 3. Working Session 3 (Lethal) Results ................................................................. 41

Table 4. Lethality Technology Clusters & Resulting Theme Areas ................................. 46

Table 5. Working Session 1 (Non-Lethal) Results ......................................................... 60

Table 6. Non-Lethality Theme Areas ............................................................................. 63

Page viii of 117

Executive Summary

This report describes the Lethal and Non-Lethal Weapons Effects Workshop held in

Toronto, ON, November 24-26, 2009—the third in a series of technical workshops held

as part of the Soldier Systems Technology Roadmapping (TRM) initiative.

The Preface introduces the Soldier Systems TRM project, which involves industry,

government, academia, and other interested parties in working toward developing an

integrated system for the dismounted soldier. It places Lethal and Non-Lethal Weapons

in the context of the project, and describes the process followed during the workshop to

achieve the ultimate goal of identifying research and development priorities and

collaborations for meeting the dismounted soldier's future weapons Sensor needs.

Part I. Lethal Weapons Effects, describes activities on day 1 and 2 of the workshop,

which focused on Lethal Weapons Effects and the dismounted soldier. It provides

abstracts of the presentations made on those days. It also describes the breakout

sessions, during which participants worked together to develop a vision for lethal

weapon effects and the dismounted soldier, identify the challenges and key

functionalities involved in realizing the vision, outline the technologies to work on, and

establish priorities and collaborations for working on those technologies.

Part II. Non-Lethal Weapons Effects, describes activities on day 3 of the workshop,

which focused on non-lethal weapons effects and the dismounted soldier. As with Part 1,

it includes presentation abstracts and working session descriptions and summarizes the

results of the working sessions.

Part III. Next Steps, describes upcoming activities in the ongoing Soldier Systems TRM

project.

Appendixes to the report provide the workshop agenda, list the workshop participants,

provide the details of participant input that is summarized in the main body of the report,

and describe DND's soldier systems mind maps for Lethal and Non-Lethal Weapons

Effects.

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Preface: Lethal and Non-Lethal Weapons Effects and the Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap

The Lethal and Non-Lethal Weapons Effects Workshop held in Toronto, Ontario,

November 24-26, 2009, was one in a series of workshops associated with the

development phase of the Soldier Systems Technology Roadmapping initiative. This

report is one of three volumes that describe the activities and results of that workshop:

Volume 1 Workshop Report; Volume 2 Lethality Slide Decks; and Volume 3 Non-

Lethality Slide Decks.

About the Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap (TRM)

The Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap (TRM) initiative is a unique industry-

government collaboration project. It is designed to apply roadmapping principles and

processes to develop a comprehensive knowledge-sharing platform and identify

technology opportunities in support of the Canadian Forces Soldier Modernization Effort.

Participation in the Soldier Systems TRM is free and voluntary and open to Canadian

and international manufacturing, services, and technology-based companies of all sizes,

and to researchers and other experts from academia, government, and not-for-profit

research organizations from Canada and around the world.

The focus of the Soldier Systems TRM – the soldier system – is defined within NATO as

the integration of everything the soldier wears, carries and consumes for enhanced

individual and collective (small unit) capability within the national command and control

structure. It centers on the needs of the dismounted soldier, who is often away from the

supply network and must be self-sufficient for up to 72 hours.

The overarching goal of the Soldier Systems TRM is to understand how today's

technology—and tomorrow's—might contribute to a superior soldier system that

increases capacities and operational effectiveness for the individual soldier in the five

NATO capability areas of Command, Control, Communications, Computers and

Intelligence (C4I); Survivability; Mobility; Lethality; and Sustainability. Although Mobility

and Sustainability areas are not the main subject of a workshop, they will be addressed

and covered at the Protective Personal Equipment (PPE) workshop to take place in May

2010.

The Soldier Systems TRM exercise is governed by an Executive Steering Committee

made up of government and industry representatives, and includes technical sub-

committees dedicated to each capability area.

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For information about any aspect of the Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap project,

visit http://www.soldiersystems-systemesdusoldat.collaboration.gc.ca

Figure 1. Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap Home Page

www.soldiersystems-systemesdusoldat.collaboration.gc.ca

The Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap web site provides access to information about the

TRM, the workshops, and additional related information. It includes links to the Innovation

Collaboration and Exchange Environment (ICee) tool, which provides a database of soldier

systems information and a Wiki where users can share information about soldier modernization,

related needs, technologies, projects, events, and more.

http://www.soldiersystems-systemesdusoldat.collaboration.gc.ca/

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Lethal and Non-Lethal Weapons and the Roadmap

The Lethal and Non-Lethal Weapons Effects Workshop

was the third workshop held as part of the development

phase of the Soldier Systems TRM. (Figure 2.

Lethal/Non-Lethal Weapons and the Roadmap).

The workshop focused on weapons sub-systems for the

dismounted soldier in the context of the overall

integrated system of systems approach. (Figure 3.

System of Systems).

Lethal vs. Non-Lethal Weapons

Weapons play a critical role in any soldier system. As Lt.

Col. Bodner noted during the workshop, the soldier

cannot function effectively in the roles/functions he is

called on to perform without the weapons needed for

those roles.1 Without weapons, the soldier becomes a

"boy scout."

As those roles become more varied, including

everything from crowd control to close combat, there is

a need for weapons with a wider range of effects—from

devices for warning and temporarily disabling targets, to

those that deliver deadly force. (Figure 4.The Escalation

of Force Continuum.)

To reflect this full spectrum, days 1 and 2 of the

workshop focused on lethal weapons designed to inflict

the maximum possible effect with minimum collateral

damages, and day 3 focused on non-lethal weapons

designed to temporarily incapacitate or repel personnel

with a low probability of fatality or permanent injury, or to disable equipment with minimal

undesired damage or environmental impact. Ultimately, a single device would be able to

cover the spectrum of desired effects over the full engagement range (0-300m).

1 To improve readability, the dismounted soldier is described in the masculine. However, wherever the text

refers to ―he‖ or ―his‖, the reference applies equally to dismounted soldiers who are women.

Figure 2. Lethal/Non-Lethal Weapons and the Roadmap

Overall Roadmap Integration

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Figure 3. The Integrated Soldier: a System of Systems

The workshop examined lethal and non-lethal weapons effects in the context of the integrated

soldier system. (From "Overview of Soldier Modernization Effort," by Maj. S. Dufour, presented

on day 1 of the workshop.)

Figure 4. The Escalation of Force Continuum—from Non-Lethal to Lethal

As the roles that Canadian Forces personnel perform become more varied – including

everything from crowd control to combat – weapons' effects must vary too. (From Maj. S.

Dufour's presentation at the Visioning Workshop held in June, 2009.)

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Increasingly sophisticated and integrated weapons

In addition to a wider range of effects, weapons continue to become increasingly

complex and sophisticated. When considering weapons, a wide range of factors must be

taken into account and a wide range of enabling technologies are needed (Figure 5.

Weapon Technology Radar).

At the same time, the need for weapons to integrate seamlessly with other components

of the soldier system remains strong. As a result, any discussion of weapons

requirements and development must take into account power and energy requirements,

C4I and sensors, human factors, and all of the other aspects of an optimal integrated

soldier system. This was reflected in the presentations and discussions that made up the

Lethality and Non-Lethality Weapons Effects Workshop.

Figure 5. Weapon Technology Radar

A wide range of factors and technologies must be considered when discussing weapons

development. (From Soldier Systems Modernization Effort Overview, by Major S. Dufour (DND),

presented during day 1 of the workshop (Source: TNO Nanobook))

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The Workshop Process

The goal of the Lethal and Non-Lethal Effects Workshop was to:

1. Identify and validate the future capabilities required by the dismounted soldier

2. Identify the devices that can meet those capabilities, and the challenges

associated with developing those devices

3. Identify the technologies that must be developed to meet the challenges and

build the devices

4. Identify theme areas of lethal and non-lethal weapons to be the focus of

technology development efforts in the context of the Soldier Systems TRM

To achieve this goal, the workshop followed a carefully designed process (Figure7. The

Workshop Process). It included presentations and working sessions leading to the

defining of collaborations for which participants could "sign on" for further participation.

During the first two days of the workshop, the process focused on lethal weapons. On

the third day, the process was repeated for non-lethal weapons.

The Presentations: What is Needed, and Why?

Throughout the workshop, presentations provided participants with a wealth of

information to augment their own areas of knowledge and expertise. The presentations

clarified what capabilities the soldier needs and why he needs them, and provided a

catalyst for the working session discussions.

The full presentation slides are available on the Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap

home page (http://soldiersystems-systemesdusoldat.collaboration.gc.ca) and in PDF

form in Volumes 2 and 3 of the workshop documentation.

To obtain the maximum benefit from this report, we suggest that readers refer to the

presentation slides before reading each section of the report. Throughout the report—

which deals primarily with participant activities and contributions during the working

sessions—we include abstracts of the presentations that preceded each working

session.

http://soldiersystems-systemesdusoldat.collaboration.gc.ca/

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Figure 6. The Workshop Process

The workshop process consisted of presentations that provided background information,

interspersed with working sessions. On days 1 and 2, the focus was Lethality; on day 3, it was

Non-Lethality.

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Introduction: Soldier System TRM Overview

The workshop started with a series of introductory presentations designed to familiarize

participants with the technical roadmapping process and with soldier systems.

Abstracts of those presentations follow. The full presentations are provided in Volumes

2, Lethality Slide Decks, and 3, Non-Lethality Slide Decks. They are also available in the

Innovation Collaboration and Exchange Environment (ICee) tool, which is accessible

from the Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap web site: http://www.soldiersystems-

systemesdusoldat.collaboration.gc.ca

Introductory Presentation Abstracts

Welcome and Opening Remarks, LCol M. Prudhomme (DND)

Welcomes workshop

participants. Introduces the idea

that the Soldier Systems

Technology Roadmap is

continually evolving. Explains

that the Roadmap is designed to

be a win-win-win situation for

industry, government, and

academia. Points out the

networking opportunities offered

by the workshops. Invites

participants to participate fully in

the workshop, and to continue

to be engaged in the

roadmapping process following the workshop.



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Soldier Systems Modernization Effort Overview, Maj. S. Dufour (DND)

Describes the framework for

the Army of Tomorrow.

Outlines the components of

the Land Systems for the

Canadian Forces. Describes

the future security environment

as consisting of complex

terrains and complex battle

spaces.

Describes the adaptive

dispersed operations concept,

and effects-based operations.

Outlines the five NATO soldier

capability areas used as the framework for the Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap,

and emphasizes the importance of the human dimension as an integral part of each

area.

Provides a soldier systems R&D

history. Describes soldier systems

technologies and domains,

weapon technology components,

and the Canadian Forces soldier

modernization effort.

Explains the integrated soldier as

a "system of systems." Outlines

the main project portfolios for the

system. Describes related

projects and the roadmap

timeframe.

Places Canadian efforts in the context of the world stage for integrated soldier systems.

Describes global market opportunities. Outlines future weapons development activities,

and describes future soldier systems challenges.

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Return on Power and Energy Workshop: Weapons Related Considerations,

Mr. D. Cripe (Rockwell-Collins)

Describes the purpose of the Soldier Systems TRM Power and Energy workshop, which

preceded the Lethality/Non-

Lethality workshop . Explains the

key role of power in the soldier

system, and the need to

integrate it with all other

components of the roadmap.

Outlines the components of each

of the six theme areas that

emerged from the Power and

Energy Workshop.

Return on Visioning Workshop: Lethal Weapons, Mr. P. Carr (SRG)

Describes the objectives of the Vision and Future Capabilities Workshop, which

preceded the Power and Energy Workshop. Explains that the process is similar for all

the workshops. Describes the capability domains that make up the TRM.

Describes the report resulting from the Visioning workshop . Provides an overview of the

Lethal and Non-Lethal Weapons Effects discussion at the Visioning workshop, and

explains its relevance to the Lethality/Non-Lethality workshop discussions.

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Part I. Lethal Weapons Effects

1. Lethal Weapons Capability Goals, Drivers, Challenges and Gaps

This chapter provides abstracts of the presentations that focused on lethal weapon

capability goals, drivers, challenges and gaps, and describes Breakaway Session 1.

Lethality Session 1 Presentation Abstracts

1.1 Overall Integrated Soldier System Requirements and Related

Lethality Aspects, Capt. A. Dionne (DND)

Outlines the Canadian Army

Soldier System vision for today,

tomorrow, and the future.

Describes the components of

the dismounted soldier system

of today. Outlines current

deficiencies. Emphasizes the

importance of limiting the

weight of equipment, and

describes the weight current

soldiers in various roles are

required to carry. Describes the

Integrated Soldier System

Project (ISSP) designed to

enhance tactical level individual

and team lethality, mobility, and C4I performance. Shows the components of ISSP Cycle

1. Explains that Cycle 1 components should be weight neutral, Cycle 2 components shall

be weight neutral, and Cycle 3 components shall be weight reducing. Describes generic

requirements in terms of growth potential and modularity. Outlines lethality requirements

of the ISSP suite, explaining that it should enable the user to compute and distribute the

target location for the purpose of executing a Call for Fire transmitting accurate target

data. Emphasizes the importance of soldier acceptance of new equipment.

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Demonstration: To shoot, or not to shoot? ... what to shoot? ... and when to

shoot?

To illustrate the dilemma facing the soldier when it comes to using lethal vs. non-lethal

force, Major S. Dufour, acting as an unknown person, and Capt A. Dionne, acting as a

good soldier, provided a demonstration.

Capt Dionne, dressed in battle gear, was approached by an unknown person (Figure 7.

Lethal/Non-Lethal Demonstration: To shoot, or not to shoot ... what to shoot ... and when

to shoot?). Was he an enemy combatant? A suicide bomber? An innocent civilian? To

do his job, and ensure his own safety and that of others, Capt Dionne had to decide

quickly and act accordingly.

Capt. Dionne, the soldier, followed standard procedures as the unknown person

approached, issuing a series of warnings to "Halt." When these were ignored, and the

unknown person continued to approach, the soldier, aware that an improvised bomb can

kill people up to 20 meters, used a Dazzler to temporarily blind the person. Beyond that,

the soldier's only option was to shoot to injure or kill the approaching person.

The questions and observations raised by the demonstration included:

When should a soldier use non-lethal weapons and when should he use

lethal weapons? If the unknown person was a suicide bomber, waiting too long

to fire would mean the death of the soldier and others in the area. But firing too

soon might result in the death of an innocent civilian.

What options should the soldier have? The soldier used a non-lethal Dazzler

to temporarily disable the approaching individual. But what other options could be

available? Is there a range of weapons that can be deployed at various stages

along the escalation of force continuum shown in Figure 4—weapons to deliver a

range of effects ranging from temporarily disablement to lethality? If so, what are

they, what are the underlying technologies/barriers associated with developing

them, and how can they be developed?

How can the soldier's capabilities be improved? Assuming a range of

weapons can be made available, how should they be integrated? Should there

be different weapons for different missions, or one weapon with a full range of

capabilities? How can those weapons be made more effective, more accurate,

lighter, and more integrated with all aspects of the soldier system?

These were some of the questions and issues that the presenters and participants

grappled with during the three day Lethal and Non-Lethal Weapons Effects Workshop.

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The demonstration was followed by an equipment display, which led to the briefing by

Maj. B. Gilchrist.

Figure 7. Lethal/Non-Lethal Demonstration: To shoot, or not to shoot ... what to shoot ... and when to shoot?

A soldier uses a Dazzler to temporarily blind a possible assailant. When approached by

someone who may or may not be a threat, the soldier needs a range of response capabilities,

both non-lethal and lethal.

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1.2 Future Soldier Weapon Lethality Capabilities: The Small Arms

Replacement Program, Maj. B. Gilchrist (DND)

Describes the weapons effect

lethality chain. Explains the

importance of recognizing and

locating a threat, following the

rules of engagement, and

having the desired effects.

Outlines the NATO "error

budget" for shot errors due to

various reasons, such as

geographic grade, wind, and

shooting position. Describes

the typical shooter in terms of

size and requirements,

including power. Defines

lethality, incapacitation, and suppression. Lists important factors associated with

lethality.

Describes current

Canadian Forces (CF)

small arms, their

purposes, and limitations.

Outlines current

capability deficiencies.

Describes Sniper

Systems Project, and the

Small Arms Replacement

Project (SARP II) for

modernizing or replacing

CF small arm capability.

Places weapons in the

context of the soldier

systems network, and

outlines the future vision for an integrated weapon system for the soldier.

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1.3 Overview of NATO RTO Soldier Weapons Interoperability Task Group

and Integration Challenges, Maj. L. Bossi (DND)

Describes the purpose, timelines, and membership of the NATO RTO SCI-178 RTG-

043, designed to make progress towards achieving interoperability and identifying

modernization considerations and possibilities in future weapon systems.

Provides an overview of the Power

Sub-Group. Describes concepts of

energy distribution, including the

current "Christmas tree" concept

and its advantages and

disadvantages. Describes

concepts of energy distribution.

Explains the power consumption of

equipment carried on the weapon.

Outlines key challenges associated

with power and the dismounted

soldier.

Provides an overview of the

Human Factors Sub-Group. Describes team goals, collaborative studies in the areas of

human factors and weapons variables, and conclusions and recommendations.

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1.4 Review of NATO Future Assault Rifle Requirements & CF Surveys,

Mr. D. Tack (HSI)

Describes the NATO Research and

Technology Organization (RTO)

Survey conducted for eight NATO

countries to gather information about

assault rifle requirements.

Focuses on device locations/controls

on the weapons, ratings of weapon

capabilities in terms of importance,

and national differences in ratings.

Prioritizes functionality and usability

requirements for assault rifle.

Describes surveys of Canadian Forces priorities conducted with subject matter experts

and with infantry soldiers recently returned from Afghanistan. Assesses future battle

space requirements, weapon suitability, weapon features, soldier system functions,

weapon effects, design priorities, and system burdens.

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Lethality Working Session 1: Lethality Capability Goals, Drivers, Challenges and Gaps

The goal of the first lethality working session was to identify the soldier's lethal weapons

future capabilities and needs.

Lethality Working Session 1 Inputs and Instructions

Groups of participants at about a dozen tables, with 10 or more participants at each

table, were given copies of the participant output from the Lethality/Non-Lethality portion

of the Visioning Workshop held earlier in the year (Figure 8. Working Session 1

Handout: Lethality/NonLethality Visioning.)

Based on the preceding presentations, the handout, and the specialized knowledge that

each participant brought to the table, participants were asked to focus on the capability

gaps of the dismounted soldier with respect to lethal weapons effects, and to establish a

vision for 3 years, 5 years, and 10-or-more years into the future.

Specifically, they were asked to address two questions:

1. The dismounted soldier has several needs related to lethal weapons effects,

including power, ―selectability/variability‖, improved accuracy, improved visibility,

integration with other soldier equipment, improved target detection, etc. Based on

the information provided this morning, what do you believe are the 2 or 3 most

important capability gaps concerning a dismounted soldier’s lethal weapons

effects? Why?

2. If your table was asked to develop a ―vision‖ for the dismounted soldier’s lethal

weapons effects, what would that vision be? (e.g., With respect to lethal weapons

effects, in 3 years, the dismounted soldier would be able to …: in 5 years the

dismounted soldier would be able to …; in 10 years …)

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Figure 8. Working Session 1 Handout: Lethal/Non-Lethal Visioning

As a starting point for Working Session 1, participants were given results from the Lethality/Non-Lethality session of the Soldier Systems Visioning Workshop held in June 2009.

of 117

Lethality Working Session 1 Results: Drivers/Gaps Identified

As they worked together to answer the two questions they were given, the participants

posted summaries of their discussion on flip charts. Table 1, Drivers/Gaps and Visions

Identified in Working Session 1, summarizes the contents of the flip charts.

Following the discussions, a plenary session was held, during which the spokespersons

for a number of tables reported their observations to all of the workshop participants.

Participants were asked to keep the recorded results of their Working Session 1

discussions to serve as the starting point for defining devices or products to address the

needs in Working Session 2.

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Table 1. Drivers/Gaps and Visions Identified in Working Session 1

Participants kept their recorded observations from this session to serve as a starting point for

focusing on devices or products in the next session.

Drivers & Gaps

Integration of devices (reduced number, reduced weight and power requirements)

Improved accuracy

Trajectory feedback

Need for a higher "hit-to-shot" ratio (better target acquisition)

Ability to identify threat (weapon detection

Information sharing

Ability to defeat body armour

Power (consumption/waste/logistics & management)

Target identification

Sound signature concerns (silencer)

IFF (Identify Friend or Foe)

Modularity – task-tailored solutions

Simplification and improved functionality of weapon system

Improved mobility

Reduced weight

Data and power transfer capabilities

Lack of training

Versatility – need to configure for different tasks

Sensor uplink needed for sharing targets

Lethality spectrum in a single weapon

Need for improved detection

Scientific knowledge

Non line-of-sight weapon systems

Graceful degradation of power

Vision – 3 Years

Integration of devices (reduced number and

Selectable lethality

Integrated single weapon system

Improved usability of existing systems without adding capability

Increased power density for weapon

Start scientific effort for 5-10 years

Vision – 5 Years

Integrated (fused) sensors

Integrated single power source for weapon system

Auto targets – IFF

Zoom lens for better recognition

Standoff exclusion: short acting gas, microwave, Tasers

Common link with all sensors

Integrated target device

Quick ID/Decide/Act capability

Non line-of-sight capabilities

Vision – 10 Years

Selectable lethality

Autonomous weapon platform controlled by soldier (like UAV)

Integrated weapon network

Target acquisition, power & data management automation

Target detection sensors

Auto decision aids

Target track/aim over motion capability

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2. Lethal Weapons Sub-Systems: Performance Goals, Challenges, and Gaps

This chapter provides abstracts of the presentations preceding the second working

session, and describes Working Session 2: Lethality Devices/Subsystems.


The following presentations followed working session 1 and preceded working session 2.

2.1 NATO Small Arms Works, Mr. Per Arvidsson, (Sweden)

Describes the history of the two

NATO rifle calibers, benefits of

one over the other, and the

Swedish experience. Points out

there is no NATO rifle.

Describes NATO nominated

weapons. Describes NATO

RTO study and STANAGT 4694

NATO accessory rail. Provides

recommendations, and

describes existing accessories.

Describes assault rifle

development. Outlines

accessories that were not

available 30 years ago.

Emphasizes importance of information exchange among national programs. Describes a

future rifle program and aspects of small arms lethality.

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2.2 Key Soldier Weapon Sensors Future Options, Mr., H. Angel (HSI)

Explains that the aim is to introduce

some potential key soldier weapon

sensors future options. Describes

potential adversaries and their

characteristics. Describes potential

weapon sensors. Includes

description of electro-optical

sensors in the visible band, the NIR

band, the SWIR band, the

MWIR/LWIR band, and multiple

bands, as well as multi-function

lasers and illuminators.

Outlines deficiencies in

electro-optical sensors.

Describes a range of devices

and variables, including laser

range finders, GPS and

IMU/INU sensors, digital

non-magnetic compass,

inclinometer,

acceleration/motion/displace

ment sensors, barrel wear

shot counters, ambient and

ammunition temperature,

and barometric pressure.

Describes an integrated fire control system (FCS) and outlines FCS enhancements.

Summarizes requirements for the future soldier weapon system.

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2.3 Key Small Calibre Ammunition Sub-Systems, Mr. P. Lemay (GD OTS)

Provides information about modern SAA

military calibres, weapon launched

grenades, cartridge types, ammunition

sub-components. Describes weight

issues associated with small calibre

ammunition sub-systems. Explains

factors associated with internal ballistics,

external ballistics, and terminal ballistics.

Describes small arms ammunition (SAA)

manufacturing and testing. Discusses

ammunition-weapon compatibility, NATO

interchangeability, training, and the

possible future of SAA.

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Lethality Working Session 2: Lethality Devices/Subsystems

The goal of the second lethality working session was to describe devices or subsystems

that would address the lethality capability goals, drivers, challenges and gaps identified

in the first working session, and to outline a time horizon for developing those devices.


To help structure information about the devices and time horizons, each table was given

an indelible pen and a laminated, tabloid-size chart (Figure 9. Working Session 2:

Devices/Subsystems Worksheet).

The chart provided space to list the following:

Y-Axis. Devices/subsystems to address lethality gaps and needs

X-Axis. Domains/themes, such as projectile, launcher, target acquisition, or

participant-defined domain, under which the device/subsystems could be

categorized. Used to identify enabling technologies and to eventually lead to the

identification of key theme areas.

A time horizon column. Used to specify whether they believe the device could

be available in 5, 10 or 15 years

Participants used the results of the first working session as the starting point for filling

out their charts. They were assigned these questions to consider when completing the

charts:

1. What devices would meet the dismounted soldier's lethal weapon gaps and

challenges, taking into consideration the vision discussed?

2. What "domains" of weapons would those devices address?

3. What would be the time horizon for bringing each device to the soldier?

of 117

Figure 9. Working Session 2: Devices/Subsystems Worksheet

Each table of participants filled out a worksheet indicating the devices they believed would

address the dismounted soldier's lethal weapons needs identified during the first working

session. The worksheets were to be used as input to the Technologies Brainstorming that was

done in the third working session, described later.

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Lethality Working Session 2 Results: Completed Lethal Weapons Effects

Devices/Sub-systems Worksheets

Following the working session 2 exercise, participants at a number of tables shared their

conclusions and observations with all of the workshop participants, based on the

contents of their worksheets.

The worksheets were used to generate a list of devices identified by the participants as

being potential solutions to the problems associated with the drivers and gaps identified

during the first working session, and the likely development timeframes involved. The

eighteen device areas identified by participants are:

1. Projectiles

2. Launchers

3. Target Acquisition Devices

4. Fire Control Devices

5. Human Target Devices

6. Material Target Devices

7. Surveillance Devices

8. Situational Awareness Devices

9. Sensors

10. Common Operational Picture (COP) Devices

11. Lasers

12. Datalink Devices

13. Human Error Devices

14. Devices to address Human Factors

15. Identification of Friend and Foe (IFF) Devices

16. Shot Placement Devices

17. Supply Devices

18. Devices for Other Capability Areas

The detailed participant input for each of these areas is provided in Appendix C, Lethality

Session 2 Participant Worksheets.

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3. Lethal Weapons Key Technologies Options, Readiness, Challenges, and Gaps

This chapter provides abstracts of the presentations preceding the third working session,

and describes Working Session 3: Lethality Technologies.


Following are abstracts of the presentations that preceded working session 3.

3.1 Small Calibre Weapons & Ammunition Technologies State-of-the-Art

Overview, Mr. P. Harris & Dr.

V. Tanguay (DRDC)

Introduces weapons and ammunition

issues, including capability requirements

and constraints. Sets the stage with

regard to pursing increased lethality in

weapons systems. Outlines a proposed

vision for a fully integrated weapon

system. Describes the present

technological landscape with regard to

fulfilling the vision for an integrated

weapon system. Describes "other

important issues" associated with

achieving the desired outcomes.

of 117

3.2 Soldier Weapons Sensors and Fire Control Systems State-of-the-Art

Overview, P. Merel and P. Laou

Describes EO sensors carried

by the Canadian Forces.

Explains the need for better

integration. Describes some

existing multifunction weapon

sights/soldier systems.

Outlines the Canadian Forces

soldier system vision and

effort, including background

and military need. Describes

weapon sensors in the future.

Provides overview of

day/night sights and image

fusion, describing factors

such as fire elevation, standoff distance, and sensor resolution. Explains potential

advantage of SWIR band.

3.3 Overview of Weapons Effectiveness Metrics, Mr. D. Bourget (DRDC)

Defines key terms. Describes

fragmentation device (indirect fire)

efficiency drivers, small arms (direct

fire) efficiency drivers, small arms

projectile armour penetration

capability, and small arms projectile

velocity versus range.

Describes small arms projectile

target protection, small arms

projectile PDW challenge, and small

arms projectile wounding capability.

Introduces ballistic gelatine (or soap)

and discusses advantages and disadvantages as a testing medium. Outlines

international treaties. Provides conclusions.

of 117

3.4 Weapons Effects Characterization State-of-the-Art Overview, Mr. B.

Anctil (Biokinetics)

Outlines key factors associated

with weapons effectiveness.

Describes nonpenetrating and

penetrating weapon effects and

projectile behaviour

assessment. Assesses and

compares ballistic gelatin,

ballistic soap, and synthetic

gels as ballistic testing media.

Describes hybrid and biological

alternatives to the above

media. Explains numerical

modeling for projectiles.

Discusses nonpenetrating

effects for nonlethal weapons. Provides conclusions about weapon effects

characterization and weapon development.

Describes a "good mix" of optics and optronics configuration for sights in the context of

the future soldier system. Outlines

the challenge associated with

image quality optics vs optronics.

Provides technology definitions

and selections. Describes

configuration possibilities. Gives

examples of dual band weapon

sights. Outlines EO

technologies/capabilities

addressing deficiencies in small

arm weapons. Outlines

conclusions regarding new

sensors and sensing technologies.

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Lethality Working Session 3: Lethality Technologies

The goal of the third lethality working session was to map the technologies and devices

discussed during working session 2 on day 1 of the workshop to specific areas of focus,

such as sights, ammunition, weapons design, multiple-effects munitions, and other

components related to technology and the soldier system.


During working session 2, participants completed Devices/Subsystems worksheets (See

Figure 9. Working Session 2: Devices/Subsystems worksheet. Following the working

session, those worksheets were collected, and the results were compiled and used to

construct a grid with focus areas across the top and timeframes down the side. (Table 2.

The Grid Approach for Lethality Working Session 3.) The grid was posted along one wall

of the meeting room (Figure 10. Working Session 3: Participants at "the Wall.")

Participants were asked to consider these questions:

1. What technologies need to be developed to produce the identified devices?

2. What would be your "highest three priority" technologies?

3. What would be the time horizon for developing each technology?

Each participant was provided with two packs of sticky notes, or "stickies"—one yellow,

the other red, and asked to post them on the wall to:

1. Identify as many technologies as they wanted for as many related solutions as

they wanted, writing each on a yellow sticky note and placing it in the appropriate

category and timeline cell.

2. Identify the 3 highest-priority technologies by using the red stickies.

Table 2. The Grid Approach for Lethality Working Session 3

Timeframe (years)

Devices/sub-systems

1 2 3 The 26 focus areas were listed across the top of the grid ... 26

1-3 Participants posted "stickies" in the grid cells to indicate the device/sub-system technologies to focus on. They used the vertical axis to estimate development

timeframes (1-3 years, 5-10 years, or more than 10 years).

5-10 ...

10+ ...

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Figure 10. Working Session 3: Participants at "The Wall"

Participants mapping lethality technologies for the soldier system in terms of priority and time frame. (Photo: Mark Gray, Industry Canada)

of 117

Lethality Working Session 3 Results: Technology Focus Areas Identified

Table 3, Working Session 3 (Lethal) Results, on the next two pages, shows the

participant-generated distribution of stickies on the wall by focus area and timeframe. To

reiterate:

The 26 areas of focus across the top of the table were compiled by Industry

Canada and DND staff based the participant input collected after working session

2 (See Lethality Working Session 2: Lethality Devices/Subsystems on page 32.)

The distribution of stickies by the participants indicates the technologies that they

view as the most promising for developing solutions to the challenges associated

with lethal weapons for the soldier system.

The distribution illustrated in the table served as the starting point for identifying priority

theme areas during working session 4, described in the next chapter.

The descriptions written on the stickies by the participants is provided in Appendix D.

Lethality Working Session 3 Participant Solution/Technology Stickies.

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Table 3. Working Session 3 (Lethal) Results

Distribution of "stickies" on "the wall," indicating recommended areas of focus for Lethal Weapons Effects Projects. Red stickies were weighted 2:1 compared with yellow stickies.This distribution served as the starting point for

identifying priority areas for collaboration during working session 4, which followed.

Distribution of Stickies on the Wall by Focus Areas and Timeframes

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Stickies

distribution.

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bar, the

greater the

number of

stickies posted

for the area of

focus in the

timeframe

specified.

of 117

Table 3. Working Session 3 (Lethal) Results

Distribution of "stickies" on "the wall," indicating recommended areas of focus for Lethal Weapons Effects Projects. Red stickies were weighted 2:1 compared with yellow stickies.This distribution served as the starting point for

identifying priority areas for collaboration during working session 4, which followed.

Distribution of Stickies on the Wall by Focus Areas and Timeframes

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19

20

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22

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Years

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<--

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Stickies

distribution.

The longer the

bar, the

greater the

number of

stickies posted

for the area of

focus in the

timeframe

specified.

of 117

4. Lethal Weapons Future Collaboration/Project Opportunities and Priorities

This chapter provides abstracts of the presentations preceding the fourth working

session, and describes Working Session 4: Lethality Theme Areas Prioritization.


4.1 Luncheon Presentation: Guest speaker Mr. S. Stevens (NRC),

Overview of the Industrial Research Assistance Program (IRAP)

Describes how the National

Research Council (NRC)

Industrial Research

Assistance Program (IRAP)

can help finance research

and development, provide

customized technical and

business advice, and help

create linkages among

interested parties.

Explains project

qualification requirements.

Summarizes financial

support available. Expands

on R&D support for firms,

the accelerated review process, and the youth program. Summarizes contributions to

organizations. Describes where IRAP representatives are located. Outlines the FY 09-10

Budget.

of 117

4.2 Collaboration Tool (ICee) Presentation and Demo, Mr. V. Ricard

(DND)

Introduces the Innovation Collaboration

and Exchange Environment (ICee)

tool—a database and Wiki—and

describes its purpose and goals.

Provides information about ICee user

roles, how to register and start using the

tool, and advantages of using the tool.

of 117

Lethality Working Session 4: Identifying Collaborations

The goal of the fourth, and final, lethality working session was to use the results of the

third session to identify lethality technology clusters, and to begin to define

collaborations designed to address soldier needs in those areas.


After the workshop participants had populated the wall with stickies in working session 3,

they participated in a discussion to identify "clusters" of stickies that indicated consensus

about theme areas for further collaborative effort.

Seven clusters were identified as areas for possible collaboration for further research

and development. These were bordered with red tape on the wall grid. The table over

the next two pages – Table 4, Lethality Technology Clusters & Resulting Theme Areas—

shows the clusters that were identified on the wall.

The seven areas defined as key research focus areas were:

1. Target Location/Decision Support

2. Target Acquisition—IFF—Sensors

3. Target Information Fusion

4. Smart Ammunition—Multiple Effects

5. Power Supply/Management—Powered Rail

6. Fire Control System

7. Enhanced Lethality Ammunition—Lighter, Smaller, Caseless, Low Weight

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Table 4. Lethality Technology Clusters & Resulting Theme Areas

Based on the clustering of stickies generated in Working Session 3, seven areas of potential

collaboration were identified on the wall.

Areas of Focus, Development Timeframes, and Distribution of Stickies on the Wall

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Years

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<--

----

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7

2

Target Acquisition IFF--Sensors

Enhanced Lethality Ammo

3 Target Info

Fusion

<--

10 -

--

Continued on next page

1

< -

15 -

-

Target location/decision support

of 117

Table 4. Lethality Technology Clusters & Resulting Theme Areas

Based on the clustering of stickies generated in Working Session 3, seven areas of potential

collaboration were identified on the wall.


Them

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Lig

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15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

Pro

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pm

ent T

imefr

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e (

Years

)

<--

----

----

5

----

----

-

7

4 Enhanced

Lethality Ammo (continued from preceding page)

5

6

Smart Ammo

Fire Control

<--

10 -

--

Power Mgmt

< -

15 -

-

of 117

Lethality Working Session 4 Results: Collaborations Identified

After the collaboration clusters were identified on the wall (Table 4. Lethality Technology

Clusters & Resulting Theme Areas), a flip chart was placed beside each cluster.

Participants were asked to go to the clusters that interested them, to provide additional

information about the collaboration areas on the flip charts, and to add their names to

collaboration signup sheets.

To stimulate discussion, the following guidelines were posted on each flip chart:

1. What would be a reasonable vision/target for the collaboration to achieve in 3

years? I.e., What would a prototype look like?

2. What could be achieved in the first 18 months?

3. Who would it make sense to involve in this collaboration for any variety of

reasons?

The charts were collected for analysis. What follows is a description of the seven

collaboration areas that were identified, based on the content of the flip charts. To

reiterate, the areas are:







7. Enhanced Lethality Ammunition—Lighter, Smaller, Caseless, Low Weight

By necessity, given the interaction of several participants, and the limited time available,

the workshop descriptions are cursory. The goal was merely to make a start.

of 117


Title Target Location/Decision Support

Description Technology designed to locate targets and provide information about how to address those targets

Vision timeline 18 Months

define the backbone requirements

data structure and framework

battlefield data protocol

Prototype Deliverable (3 years)

A prototype in three years should use wireless technology to deliver a common operating picture tailored to concerned parties:

Blue force friendly (location)

Red force enemy (location)

Yellow force unknown

(location)

Common Georeferences

"Maps"

Updateable

intelligence on the

fly

Key players These key players were suggested:

Prime Integrator L3 Electronics Systems

PCI Geomatics Canada (Int'l mapping)

RTI Research

Aeryon

CISCO

LCSS Contractor

Internet Taskforce

Industry Canada (spectrum)

IRAP/NRC

DLR

DRDC

of 117


Title Target Acquisition—IFF—Sensors

Description Tech hi-res sensors

Pattern recognition software (weapons, vehicles, facial, behaviour

recognition + DRDC gesture symbology)

Expert system to interpret and "change detection" [DRDC Toronto,

ARP 14dk]


Initial design/concept – logic for deciding on F&F to build on in the

system

Prototype in 3 years

Breadboard with basic features/functionality for lab trials/proof of

principle

That includes algorithms, sensors

Expert systems that will enable the device to give the soldier

sufficient data to decide better and more reliably re: F or F

Conception

DRDC (ARP, Technical Demonstration Project) or industry

Prototype: DRDC (TDP) or industry

Industrialize/militarize; industry


MDA Brampton

DRDC Toronto

Maj McNamara

Martello Defence Security Consol = threat evaluation and weapon

assignment (TEWA/DRDC Valcartier)

Philip Bury DLR 5-3-2c

Marni McVicar Aeryon Labs

of 117


Title Target Information Fusion

Description Device for gathering and displaying target information


Embedded algorithms

Basic resolution

Color dispha

Oled for wide temp

3 Years

In 3 years a proof-of-concept prototype that includes: Basic

math/alg worked out & sensors will be able to present a fused

image that can SW/LW/R visible spectrum requirements


Armament Technology Inc.

L3 Communications

INO

SAGEM

Raytheon Canada

Thales Canada

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Title Smart Ammunition—Multiple Effects

Description Smart ammunition capable of delivering a range of effects

Vision timeline In 3 years time, our prototype should be able to:

Adapt existing parachute-suspended 40 mm grenade to include

video tracking (DLR 5-3-2c) explosive charge (video camera in

grenade already exists)

Adapt parachute to use steerable parafoil

We need DND to:

Characterize existing less-lethal rounds for deliver via existing

lethal platforms – 40 mm, 12 gauge, 410 gauge, and others

Vision

A prototype that can deliver a range of ammo that delivers a range

of effects for 3 priority lethality priorities for soldier


Need DRDC Valcartier range and P/c expertise

DLR to suggest target signature

GD-OTS Canada

HFI Pyrotechnics

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Title Power Supply/Management—Powered Rail

Description Weapon rail to power the soldier system.

Vision timeline 1. Technology

Batteries (power source)

Data and power rail

Integrated accessories

Power/data mgmt system

2. 3-year vision – in 3 years, prototype will provide

Integrated functionality rechargeable battery supply power on gun

to accessories (via rail)

Connection to soldier power and data (2nd source)

Power/data mgmt to ss and accessories

Sleep mode

ID accessory

Self diagnostic of rail

Data recording

Amount of power availability

Accessories – std 1/f for data and power

3. 18 months

1 – Powered data rail

2 – Power/data mgmt system

3 – Accessories "on" power/data rail:

red dot

holographic

tactical light

laser

4 – Control of accessories

5 – Battery on weapon


Weapons Component (Colt Canada, Cadex)

Accessory component (Insight technologies, Fidus Systems)

Power (batteries and other sources) (Kokam USA, H.O.B.)

DND/DRDC

Power and data distribution companies (Fidus)

Users (Soldiers)

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Title Fire Control System

Description System for fire control

Vision timeline Electric Firing

Electric Primer (3 years)

Electro-mech trigger (18 mos)

Fused sensor & interp

Smart Display

ID Target (> 5 years)

Tracking (> 10 years)

Automatic target identification

Automatic target engagement

Key players No key players were suggested.

7. Enhanced Lethality Ammunition—Lighter, Smaller, Caseless, Low

Weight

Title Enhanced Lethality Ammunition—Lighter, Smaller, Caseless, Low Weight

Description Enhanced lethality ammunition

Vision timeline In 3 year's time, prototype should be able to:

Light-weight ammo

o Function in existing 5.56 mm weapons in all temperatures

o Defect levels similar to existing ammo

Caseless

o Function in modified weapons at all temperatures

o No cook off issues

In 18 months:

Light weight: functions perfectly in 7.62 m

Caseless: test with many weapons and with many batches of

propellants (variability)

Key players These key players were suggested.

GDOTS Canada

Colt Canada

DRDC Valcartier

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Part II. Non-Lethal Weapons Effects

On day 3 of the workshop, the process that was followed for the two-day lethal weapons

workshop was repeated in a single day.

Because the workshop participants were already familiar with the process, and because

much of the material presented and discussed during the lethality session was also

relevant to non-lethality, it was preferable to abbreviate the process for the non-lethal

session. For example, participants did not complete device worksheets. Instead,

following the presentations, they mapped non-lethal technologies on a wall, as they had

for lethal weapons in working session 3. During the nonlethal weapons session, the

lethal weapons stickies remained in place on the facing wall.

Non-Lethality Presentation Abstracts

1.1 Future Soldier Non-Lethal Systems Capability Requirements, Usage

Scenarios, and Roadmap, Maj. S. Dufour (DND)

A repeat of the presentation

from day 1 of the workshop,

with a focus on nonlethality.

Describes the framework for the

Army of Tomorrow. Outlines the

components of the Land

Systems for the Canadian

Forces. Describes the future

security environment as

consisting of complex terrains

and complex battle spaces.

Describes adaptive dispersed

operations concept and effects-

based operations.

Outlines the five NATO soldier capability areas used as the framework for the Soldier

Systems Technology Roadmap, and emphasizes the importance of the human

dimension as an integral part of each area.

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Provides a soldier systems

R&D history. Describes soldier

systems technologies and

domains, weapon technology

components, and the Canadian

Forces soldier modernization

effort.

Explains the integrated soldier

as a "system of systems."

Outlines the main project

portfolios for the system.

Describes related projects and

the roadmap timeframe.

Places Canadian efforts in the context of the world stage for integrated soldier systems,

describes global market opportunities. Outlines future weapons development activities,

and describes future soldier systems challenges.

1.2 Overview of Non-Lethal R&D Program, Mr. D. Bourget (DRDC)

Defines non-lethal weapons

and explains their purpose.

Provides an assessment of

nonlethal device effects.

Outlines weapon

characteristics and target

characteristics.

Describes past and current

Canadian Army programs, as

well as international programs.

Outlines projects and goals for

the future.

Describes challenges

associated with meeting goals. Provides conclusions about evaluating target behaviour,

proposed activities, and proposed collaborations with the law enforcement community

and at the international level.

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1.3 Overview of Non-Lethal Technologies and Systems, Mr. H. Angel

(HSI)

Describes a range of anti-

personnel nonlethal weapon

technology, including acoustic,

chemical and biological,

directed energy, non-

penetrating projectiles, and

entanglement technologies.

_____________________________________________________________________

1.4 Luncheon Presentation: Less Lethal Weapons & Use of Force in

Canadian Law Enforcement, Mr. Steve Palmer (CPRC)

Describes less lethal weapons

(LLW) and use of force in

Canadian law enforcement.

Provides overview and "quick

facts" about the Canadian

Police Research Centre

(CPRC). Describes CPRC

activities in the area of LLW,

and LLW in Canadian law

enforcement. Discusses

Science and Technology

funding. Presents CPRC call for

proposals, and outlines

proposal requirements.

______________________________________________________________________

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Non-Lethality Working Session 1: Non-Lethal Focus Areas

The goal of the first non-lethality working session was to repeat for non-lethal weapons

and the soldier system what had been done for lethal weapons and the soldier system

during lethality working sessions 1 and 2. In other words, lethality sessions 1 and 2

were condensed into non-lethality working session 1.

Why condense the working sessions?

The workshop participants brought to the Non-Lethality Working Sessions all that they

had experienced and discussed during the first two days of the workshop and during the

non-lethality presentations—including a familiarity with the process they were to follow

and an understanding of the types of devices required to meet soldier needs. Although

the effects of those devices were now non-lethal rather than lethal, many of the same

principles applied. As a result, the four lethality working sessions were compressed into

two non-lethality sessions.

To ensure that those who attended only the third day of the workshop were comfortable

with the process, they were briefed separately on what had occurred during the lethality

session. They were also dispersed among groups that had attended days 1 and 2, so

that these groups could help bring them " up to speed" quickly.

Non-Lethal Working Session 1 Inputs and Instructions

To start the working sessions, participants were asked to consider these questions:

1. What technologies need to be developed to produce the identified devices?

2. What would be your "highest three priority" technologies?

3. What would be the time horizon for developing each technology?

Participants answered these questions on flip charts, which were collected and used to

identify thirteen non-lethality focus areas (see next page). These thirteen non-lethal

focus areas were then posted on a wall, just as the lethal focus areas had been the day

before.

In the second part of the working session, participants were given red and yellow

stickies, and asked to map the technologies as they had for lethal technologies the

previous day. The lethal technology stickies from the previous day remained in place on

one wall, so that participants could refer to them and add to them if appropriate. A

second wall was used for the non-lethal technology mapping.

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Non-Lethal Working Session 1 Results: Technology Focus Areas

The results of the first part of the working session, during which participants described

non-lethal devices that could solve existing non-lethality challenges, were collected and

used to compile the following list of non-lethal focus areas:

1. Improved Dazzler

2. Constant Energy Weapon

3. Nets

4. Wearable Pain Generator

5. Hostile Intent Sensor

6. Automated Decision-Making Tool

7. IR/RADAR Detector/Chemical Sensor

8. Guided Less-Than-Lethal Munitions

9. Scalable Effects Munitions

10. Nervous System Disruptor

11. Vehicle Incapacitator

12. Directed Energy

13. Programmable Grenade Launcher

To reiterate, these focus areas were posted on a grid along one wall of the meeting

room, and participants placed red and green stickies on the grid to indicate the

technologies they viewed as the most promising for developing solutions to the

challenges associated with non-lethal weapons for the dismounted soldier.

Table 5, Working Session1 (Non-Lethal) Results, shows the participant-generated

distribution of stickies on the wall. The table served as the starting point for identifying

collaborations that participants could participate in to address the identified challenges

using the identified technologies (described in non-lethality working session 2, later in

this report).

The text that participants wrote on the stickies is included in Appendix E, Non-Lethality

Working Session 1 Participant Solution/Technology Stickies.

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Table 5. Working Session 1 (Non-Lethal) Results

Distribution of "stickies" indicating recommended areas of focus for NonLethal Weapons Effects

Projects. Red stickies were weighted 2:1 compared with yellow stickies.

Distribution of Stickies on the Wall by Area of Focus and Development Timeframes

Focus A

reas

Imp

rove

d D

azzle

r

Con

sta

nt

En

erg

y W

eap

on

Nets

We

ara

ble

Pain

Gene

rato

r

Hostile

Inte

nt

Se

nso

r

Au

tom

ate

d D

ecis

ion

-Ma

kin

g T

oo

l

IR/R

AD

AR

De

tecto

r/C

he

mic

al S

en

so

r

Gu

ide

d L

ess-T

ha

n-L

eth

al M

unitio

ns

Sca

lab

le E

ffects

Mu

nitio

ns

Nerv

ous S

yste

m D

isru

pto

r

Ve

hic

le In

cap

acita

tor

Dir

ecte

d E

ne

rgy

Pro

gra

mm

able

Gre

na

de L

aunch

er

The thirteen non-lethal focus areas were identified during the first part of the working session. In the second part, the focus area titles were posted at the top of a grid. Participants then posted stickies indicating which they thought were the most promising for developing solutions to the non-lethal challenges.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

Pro

jecte

d D

evelo

pm

ent T

imefr

am

e (

Years

)

<--

----

----

5 --

----

---

<--

10 -

--

< -

15 -

-

Stickies

distribution.

The longer the

bar, the

greater the

number of

stickies posted

for the area of

focus in the

timeframe

specified.

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Non-Lethality Session 2 Presentation Abstracts

Following is an abstract of the presentation that preceded the second non-lethality

working session.

1.5 Overview of Crowd Control Modeling and Applications to NLW, Dr. A.

Frini (DRDC)

Provides an overview of crowd control.

Describes models for understanding and

controlling crowds, including conceptual,

system dynamic, agent-based, and

hybrid models.

Discusses data collection and measures

of effectiveness. Describes capabilities

of the system. Provides conclusions and

describes future plans.

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Non-Lethality Working Session 2: Identifying Collaborations

The second non-lethality working session was designed to accomplish the goals for non-

lethality that lethality sessions 3 and 4 had accomplished for lethality –to map

technologies and devices to specific areas of focus, and then to begin to define

collaborations designed to address needs in those areas.

Non-Lethality Working Session 2 Inputs and Instructions

In the first part of the second non-lethality working session, participants reviewed the

distributed stickies under the thirteen focus areas. Based on the distribution, they

identified five theme areas where the concentration of stickies was the greatest.

In the second part of the working session, these five theme areas were used to begin

collaborative efforts to address non-lethality challenges.

Non-Lethality Working Session 2 Results: Collaborations Identified

Table 6, Non-Lethality Theme Areas, shows the groupings of focus areas used to

identify the five themes. The themes are:

1. Directed Energy Weapon


3. Improved Dazzler

4. Better Non-Lethal Ammunition (Caseless, Low Weight)

5. Hostile Intent Sensor/Automated Decision Device

For detailed content of the stickies

of 117

Table 6. Non-Lethality Theme Areas

Distribution of "stickies" indicating recommended areas of focus for Lethal Weapons Effects Projects. Red stickies were weighted 2:1 compared with

yellow stickies.


Are

as o

f F

ocus

Imp

rove

d D

azzle

r

Con

sta

nt

En

erg

y W

eap

on

Nets

We

ara

ble

Pain

Gene

rato

r

Hostile

Inte

nt

Se

nso

r

Au

tom

ate

d D

ecis

ion

-Ma

kin

g T

oo

l

IR/R

AD

AR

De

tecto

r/C

he

mic

al S

en

so

r

Gu

ide

d L

ess-T

ha

n-L

eth

al M

unitio

ns

Sca

lab

le E

ffects

Mu

nitio

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Nerv

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m D

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pto

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Ve

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cap

acita

tor

Dir

ecte

d E

ne

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Pro

gra

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er

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

Pro

jecte

d D

evelo

pm

ent T

imefr

am

e (

Years

)

<--

----

----

5 --

----

---

2

4

1

3

5

<--

10 -

--

< -

15 -

-

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Areas Identified for Collaboration

After the five theme areas were identified in the first part of the working session, a flip

chart was placed beside each of the areas. Participants were asked to provide additional

information about the areas in which they were interested in collaborating.

To guide the process, these questions were posted on each flip chart:

1. What would be a reasonable vision/target for that collaboration to achieve in 3

years? I.e., What would a prototype look like?

2. What could be achieved in the first 18 months?

3. Who would it make sense to involve in this collaboration for any variety of

reasons?

Each flip chart also had a sign-up list, so that participants could indicate the areas in

which they were interested in pursuing continued collaborative action.

What follows is a preliminary description of the collaboration areas identified, based on

the content of the flip charts. In each case, it includes a list of the participants interested

in pursuing the theme area of activity.

By necessity, the descriptions were cursory. These descriptions will evolve, as further

effort is made to clarify each area and define specific projects to pursue. In short, this is

not an end point, but a starting point for action.

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1. Directed Energy Weapon

Thrust title Directed Energy Weapon

Description Directed Energy Weapon

Vision timeline No additional information was provided at the workshop.



Thrust title Constant Energy Weapon

Description Constant Energy Weapon

Vision timeline In 3 years, a prototype that

Sees scalable effects munitions (with sight/range integration)

In 18 months

Commercially available

Key players These key players were suggested.

LE

MIL

CPRC

3. Improved Dazzler

Thrust title Improved Dazzler

Description Improved Dazzler

Vision timeline In 3 years, a prototype that

100% eyes af, lighter weight, incorporated into the basic weapon

structure

In 18 months

Other light-based system (design specs to incorporate)


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4. Enhanced Non-Lethal Ammunition—Caseless, Low Weight

Thrust title Enhanced Non-Lethal Ammunition—Caseless, Low Weight

Description Enhanced Non-Lethal Ammunition—Caseless, Low Weight

Vision timeline Fire Control

FIDUS

Raytheon

Thales

L3-Elcom

Ammo

GDOTS Canada

Launcher

Colt

FIDUS

Key players The key players suggested are included in the Vision timeline above.

5. Hostile Intent Sensors/Automated Decision Support

Thrust title Hostile Intent Sensors/Automated Decision Support

Description Device for determining hostile intent and helping decide appropriate action.

Vision timeline 1. Dazzler, but ...

Smaller (less bulk) – one laser & vic multiply

Lighter

100% eye saturation

2. Constant Value weapon

3. Anti-Vehicle (rapid deploy)

4. Area denial


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Part III. Next Steps

Ongoing and Upcoming Roadmap Activities

The Lethal and Non-Lethal Weapons Effects Workshop was just part of the Soldier

Systems Technology Roadmapping process. It represents one step on the journey to a

more capable soldier system for the Canadian Forces.

Ongoing Lethal and Non-Lethal Weapons Effects Collaborations

One of the key results of the workshop was the identification of theme areas for

collaboration. The Lethality/Non-Lethality Technical Sub-committee, with the guidance of

the Soldier Systems TRM Executive Steering Committee, will continue to clarify these

collaborations and, with industry and government participants, to work on moving them

ahead.

Sharing Knowledge using the ICee

A key to the success of any technical roadmapping initiative is ensuring easy

collaboration among its participants. For the Soldier Systems TRM, the Innovation

Collaboration and Exchange Environment (ICee) provide collaboration opportunities.

The Innovation Collaboration and Exchange Environment (ICee)

The Innovation Collaboration and Exchange Environment (ICee) is an online database of

information relevant to soldier systems, and a Wiki that enables online networking,

communication, and contribution to the roadmapping process on an ongoing basis. It is a

password-protected single tool that includes sections for communicating restricted,

sensitive information meant for the Soldier Systems TRM authorities.

The ICee is open to all who wish to participate in the Soldier Systems Technology

Roadmap. For more information about the ICee tool, and to register to use the tool, visit

http://www.soldiersystems-systemesdusoldat.collaboration.gc.ca


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Upcoming Workshops

Discussion and collaboration in all aspects of the Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap

is expected to continue throughout this development phase of the roadmap and beyond.

To ensure this, additional Soldier Systems TRM workshops are planned in focus areas

that include:

C4I Sensors (Command, Control, Communication, Computers and Sensors)

Survivability/Personal Protective Equipment/Footwear/Clothing/Load Carriage

Human and Systems Integration

Overall Roadmap Integration

Dates for these workshops, and related information is available at the Soldier Systems

Technology Roadmap website:



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A. The Workshop Agenda

Monday, November 23rd

18h30 – 20h30 Networking Dinner (not hosted): Dimmi Bar & Trattoria 140 Cumberland Street, Toronto (416-975-1100)

Tuesday, November 24th Lethal Weapons Effects

7h30 – 8h00 Registration

Soldier Systems TRM Overview

8h00 – 8h15 Welcome and Opening Remarks, LCol. M. Prudhomme (DND)

8h15 – 8h30 Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap Overview, Mr. G. Nimmo (IC)

8h30 – 8h45 Soldier Systems Modernization Effort Overview, Maj. S. Dufour (DND)

8h45 – 8h55 Workshop Program, Process and Deliverables Mr. P. Carr (SRG)

8h55 – 9h10 Return on Power and Energy Workshop: Weapons Related Considerations, Mr. D. Cripe (Rockwell-Collins)

9h10 – 9h35 Return on Visioning Workshop: Lethal Weapons, Mr. P. Carr (SRG)

1. Lethal Weapons Capability Goals, Drivers, Challenges and Gaps

9h35 – 9h55 1.1 Overall Integrated Soldier System Requirements and Related Lethality Aspects, Capt A. Dionne (DND) Demonstration : Escalation of force (Lethal & non-lethal), Maj. S. Dufour & Capt. A. Dionne (DND)

9h55 – 10h15 Coffee Break – Exhibit of the current soldier equipment

10h15 – 10h40 1.2 The Soldier’s Challenge And Future Weapons Requirements: The Small Arms Replacement Program, Maj. B. Gilchrist (DND)

10h40 – 11h10 1.3 Overview of NATO RTO Soldier Weapons Interoperability Task Group and Integration Challenges, Maj. L. Bossi (DND)

11h10 - 11h30 1.4 Review of NATO Future Assault Rifle Requirements & CF Surveys. Mr. D. Tack (HSI)

11h30 – 12h15 Breakaway Roundtables Facilitated Discussions - 1

Tuesday, November 24th Lethal Weapons Effects (continued)

12h15 – 13h30 13h05 – 13h25

Lunch (food court) Guest Speaker : Mr. S. Brownrigg (PWGSC): Overview of the Munitions Supply Program

13h30 – 14h00 Report Back (Plenary), Mr P. Carr

2. Lethal Weapons Sub-Systems: Performance Goals, Challenges, and Gaps

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14h00 – 14h20 2.1 NATO Small Arms Works, Mr. Per Arvidsson, (Sweden)

14h20 – 14h40 2.2 Key Soldier Weapon Sensors Future Options, Mr. H. Angel, (HSI)

14h40 – 15h00 2.3 Key Small Calibre Ammunition Sub-Systems, Mr. P. Lemay, (GD OTS)

15h00 - 15h30 Coffee available

15h00 – 16h15 Breakaway Roundtables Facilitated Discussions - 2

16h15 – 17h00 Report Back (Plenary) and Wrap-up of Day 1 Workshop, Mr P. Carr (SRG)

17h00 - 18h00 Networking Cocktail (No-host)

Wednesday, November 25th Lethal Weapons Effects


3. Lethal Weapons Key Technologies Options, Readiness, Challenges, and Gaps

8h15 – 8h20 3.1 Welcome and Opening Remarks, Mr. G. Nimmo (IC)

8h20 – 8h30 3.2 Overview of Day 2 Content and Process, Mr. P. Carr (SRG)

8h30 – 9h10 3.3 Small Caliber Weapons & Ammunition Technologies State-of-the-art Overview, Mr. P. Harris (DRDC)

9h10 - 9h30 3.4 Overview of Weapons Effectiveness Metrics, Mr. D. Bourget (DRDC)

9h30 – 9h45 3.5 Weapons Effects Characterization State-of-the-art Overview, Mr. B. Anctil ( Biokinetics)

9h45 – 10h00 3.6 Soldier Weapons Sensors/Technologies State-of-the-art Overview, Dr. P. Mérel (DRDC)

10h00 – 10h30 Coffee available

10h00 - 11h15 Breakaway Roundtables Facilitated Discussions - 3

Wednesday, November 25th Lethal Weapons Effects (continued)

11h15 – 12h00 Report Back (Plenary), Mr. P. Carr (SRG)

12h00 – 13h30 13h05 – 13h25

Lunch (food court) Guest speaker: Mr. S. Stevens (NRC): Overview of the Industrial Research Assistance Program (IRAP)

4. Lethal Weapons Future Collaboration/Project Opportunities and Priorities

13h30 – 13h45 Guidelines for Session 4, Mr. P. Carr (SRG)

13h45 -14h30 Breakaway Roundtables Facilitated Discussions - 4

14h30 – 15h00 Coffee Break

15h00 – 15h30 Report Back (Plenary), Mr. P. Carr (SRG)

15h30 – 15h50 Collaboration Tool (ICee) Presentation and Demo, Mr. V. Ricard (DND)

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15h50 – 16h00 Closure of Soldier Weapons Workshop: Lethal, Maj. S. Dufour (DND)

16h00 – 17h00 Optional Individual Training Sessions on ICee Web Tool

Thursday, November 26th Non Lethal Weapons (NLW) Effects


8h00 – 8h10 Welcome and Opening Remarks and Introduction of the Soldier Systems TRM, Mr. G. Nimmo (IC)

8h10 – 8h25 Overview of Soldier Systems TRM Project, LCol. M.A. Bodner (DRDC)

8h25 – 8h40 Overview of Day 3 Content and Process, Mr. P. Carr (SRG) Review of Discussions on Lethal Weapon Session (day 1 & 2)

8h40 – 9h15 1.1 Future Soldier Non Lethal Systems Capability Requirement, Usage Scenarios, & Roadmap, Maj. S. Dufour (DND)

9h15 – 10h15 Breakaway Roundtables Facilitated Discussions (1): NLW Capability Goals, Drivers, Challenges and Gaps

10h15 – 10h45 Coffee Break

10h45 – 11h20 Report Back (Plenary), Mr P. Carr (SRG)

Thursday, November 26th Non Lethal Weapons (NLW) Effects (continued)

11h20 – 11h40 1.2 Overview of Non-Lethal R&D Program, Mr. D. Bourget (DRDC)

11h40 – 12h00 1.3 Less Lethal Weapons & Use of Force in Canadian Law Enforcement , Mr. Steve Palmer (CPRC)

12h00 – 13h15 12h45 –13h10

Lunch (food court) Guest Speaker: Mr. H. Angel (HSI): Overview of Non-Lethal Technologies and Systems

13h15 – 14h30 Breakaway Roundtables Facilitated Discussions (2): NLW Technologies Options, Readiness, Challenges, & Gaps; Future Collaboration/Project Opportunities and Priorities

14h30 – 14h45 Coffee break

14h45 – 15h15 1.4 Overview of Crowd Control Modeling and Applications to NLW, Dr. A. Frini (DRDC)

15h15 – 15h45 Report Back (Plenary), Mr P. Carr (SRG)

15h45 – 16h00 Closure of Soldier Weapons Workshop: Non Lethal, LCol. M.A Bodner (DRDC)

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B. List of Workshop Participants

Lethal/Non-Lethal Weapons Effects Workshop Participants

Name: Last First Title Company

Abbass Jay Canada Direct Trading Limited

Abdalla Rifaat DRDC - Toronto

Anctil Benoit Biokinetics

Angel H HIS

Arvidsson Per Swedish Defence Material Administration

Audette Celine IC

Barredo Frank Toronto Police College

Barrett Stephen DND

Batelaan Marlene Colt Canada

Batten David CANTEC SYSTEMS

Beaudoin Robert Executive Editor Vanguard Magazine

Bergeron Alain INO

Bernatchez Frédéric DND

Bernier Andre GD-OTS Canada

Beth Andre Lincoln Fabrics

Bodner Mike DRDC

Boland Hamid DRDC - Toronto DRDC

Bossi Maj. Linda DND

Bourget Daniel DRDC

Bourque Rebecca MITACS

Bowes Rick DRS Technologies

Boyne Stephen DRDC

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Brown John Nammo Canada Inc

Brownrigg Stephen Public Works and Government Services Canada

Bury Philip DLR DND

Carr Phil Strategic Review Group

Casimir Leslie Carpenter Technology Canada

Cayouette Richard Martello Defence Consultants Inc.

Charlebois Scott DRDC

Chivers Malcolm Superintendent Ontario Provincial Police

Chrysochou Spyros Stoeger Canada

Compton David Colt Canada

Connolly Peter Fidus Systems Inc.

Cook David One Shot Tactical

Cox James The Shooting Edge

Craddock Ross Alliant Techsystems Inc

Cripe David Rockwell Collins

Crookston Gordon DND

Croteau Dominique Revision Eyewear

Darling Marie Rockwell Collins

Davidson Jack Sales Manager ELCAN

Deegan Mike Boeing

Dionne Cap. Alain DND

Downing Warren DRS Technologies

Dufour Maj. Stephane DND

Dupuis Marc-Andre Rheinmetall Canada inc.

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Emery George Strategic Review Group

Erwin Raymond Magnum Integrated Technologies Inc

Ewart Tom McMaster University

Ferguson John Strategic Review Group

Flanagan Michael United States Marine Corps.

Frini Dr. Anissa DRDC

Gagne Lcol. Sylvian DLR-2 DND

Garcha Yad Bionic Power

Garland Laurin Vernac Ltd

Gilchrist Maj. Bruce DND

Gilchrist Ian Carpenter Technology Canada

Gray Mark IC

Haddow Rob DSSPM

Hansen MWO Steven DND

Harris Paul DRDC - Valcartier

Hayes Kevin NRC

Hiemstra Rob Answer Precision Tool Inc

Huard Mariane IC

Huber Kris Array Systems Computing Inc

Hung Benjamin Array Systems Computing Inc

Jakola Ray Director MDA

Jaremco Ken RTI Research

Jaremco Kelly RTI Research

Jones Steven Cadex Defence

of 117



Källstrand Mattias Kongsberg Protech Systems AS

Kassir Bashar

Kelly John Rockwell Collins

Klein Mike Valley Associates

Lachapelle Pierre PM SARP DRDC

Lambert Annie MDA

Lammers John Anchor Danly

Laou Paul DRDC

Lavigne Marc Valley Associates

Lawrance Ian Ontario Provincial Police

Lawrence Chris Canadian Police Research Centre

Lefrancois Sylvian Sagem

Lemay Pierre GD-OTS Canada

Levesque Lcol. Jaques DND

Li Eyleen Excel Industries

Lue Franklin DRDC - Toronto DRDC

MacKenzie James L-3 Electronic Systems

Manor Ran Ontario Centres of Excellence

McLeod Scott MD Charlton

McNamara Maj. Dan DND

McVicar Marni Aeryon Labs

Meldrum Steve Eco Burn Inc

Mellquist Markus Saab Bofors Dynamics AB

of 117



Menabney Darren DRDC

Merrell Dr. Philippe DRDC

Merry David Insight Technology

Muscat Joe CANTEC SYSTEMS

Nimelman Manny MDA Corporation

Nimmo Geoff IC

O'Brien Bernie R. Nicholls Distributors Inc

Ostafichuk Steve Lazer Energetics

Ower Cameron MDA

Pageau Gilles DRDC

Palmer Steve Canadian Police Research Centre

Parker Michael MDA Corporation

Payne Alex Colt Canada

Pelletier Yves President Nammo Canada Inc

Perry Dave MDA

Petit Luc Raytheon

Powell Craig

Key Account Manager, Explosives Division ICx Technologies (Nomadics)

Prud'homme Lcol. Michel DND

Ricard Vincent DRDC - Promaxis

Rozumovich Eugene 3DTAC

Saint Dave DRDC

Sarkissov Souren Quantum Laser Technologies Inc

of 117



Shaw Marcus HFI Pyrotechnics Inc

Shewchenko Nicolas Biokinetics

Singh Paul Correctional Service Canada

Skene Dave L-3 Electronic Systems

Slaunwhite Kyle HFI Pyrotechnics Inc

Smart Ken President Eomax Corp

Soar Roger Cynetic Designs Ltd

Solhaug Hans Nammo Inc

Stevens Dr. Sam Executive Director NRC/IRAP

Stewart Jeb Airboss Defence

Stroup LCol. Adam

US Army RDECOM, ITC-Americas Canada United States Army

Swallow Stan Intelligent Textiles Ltd.

Tack David HumanSystems Integration

Tanguay Dr. Vincent DRDC

Tao Vernier Ministry of Economic Development and Trade

Teed Brandon Colt Canada

Thatcher Chris Associate Editor Vanguard Magazine

Thompson Asha Intelligent Textiles Ltd.

Treiber Steven Professor McMaster University

Tremblay Jan Industry Canada

Tzeferakos Steven IC

of 117



Vallee Pierre Revision Eyewear

Van Ham Claude L-3 Electronic Systems

Vandeventer Terance Sagem

Vandeweerd Helena Tulmar Safety Systems

Walsh Bud Thales

Webber Andrew Armament Technology Incorporated

Wilson Scott Chemring Defence

Winship John GENTEX

Woodill Gerald DRDC CORA LFORT DND

of 117

C. Lethality Working Session 2 Participant Worksheets

The tables in this appendix provide the detailed information provided by participants on

the Lethality Working Session 2 worksheets. They include potential solutions and

development timeframes for the following devices:

1. Projectiles

2. Launchers







9. Sensors


11. Lasers



14. Devices to address Human Factors



17. Supply Devices

18. Devices for Other Capability Areas

of 117

1. Projectiles

Potential Solution (Device) Timeframe

(years)

Number, if noted more than once

1 Smart Ammunition 5

2 Caseless ammunition 5

3 Electric ignited ammunition 5

4 Guided Projectile (40mm) 5 2

5 Networked soldier alert system 5

6 Selectable / Programmable rounds 5-10 2

7 Dismounted distributed sensor (deployable)

10-15 2

8 Directed / Scalable Energy Weapon 10-15 2

9 Guided Projectile (Rifle) 15

2. Launchers


(years)




3 PWS and Play accessories 5

4 Smart Training Rifle 5


6 NATO standard data and power rail 5

7 Power supply intelligence 5

8 Wireless Power and Data 5-10

9 Selectable / Programmable rounds 5-10

10 Inductive charger 10

11 Soldier alert and fire control system 10

12 Energy Harvesting 10

13 Directed / Scalable Energy Weapon 10-15 2

of 117



(years)



2 Zero-loss beam splitter 5


4 Target hand-off 5

5 NATO standard data and power rail 5

6 Fused sight 5

7 Biometrics 5

8 Dismounted information system 5

9 Prioritized power 5

10 Devise to eliminate bloom in IR sights 5

11 Selectable / Programmable rounds 5



14 Explosive detonator 5

15 Wireless Power and Data 5 - 10


17 Target fusion 10


19 Heads-up IFF / situational awareness display

10 3

20 Sight with automatic target lead 10

21 Integral training sight 10

22 Data fusion and filtering 10

23 Directed / Scalable Energy Weapon 10

24 Adjustable focal length lens 10

25 Target detection sensor 5-15 7

26 Auto detect / Auto engagement 5-15 2


10-15

28 Fire control system with automatic wind compensator

15

29 Distributed sensor network

of 117



(years)



2 Target location 5 3




6 Laser range target locator 5


8 Prioritized power 5

9 Devise to eliminate bloom in IR sights 5

10 Target information system 5 2

11 Electric ignited ammunition 5

12 Wireless Power and Data 5-10

13 Target hand-off 5-10

14 Integrated sight 5-10



17 Integrated Fire Control System 10

18 Target fusion 10


10 2




23 Directed / Scalable Energy Weapon 10



15

26 Bio feedback - Have rifle as an option for power source on rail or reusable power

of 117



(years) Number, if noted more than once

1 Multiple effects munitions 5

2 Biometrics 5





7 Smart Ammunition 5 2

8 Lighter, Smaller Ammunition 5


10 Shot detection location 5





15 Target fusion 10


10 2




15

20 Motion stabilized coupled Fire control system

of 117



(years)



2 Biometrics 5









10




15



(years)


1 Target information system 5


3 Distributed sensor network Not specified

of 117



(years)







(years)





10. Sensors


(years)


1 Target detection sensor 10-15


10-15

11. Lasers


(years)


Directed energy weapon 15

of 117



(years)




10-15



(years)


Smart Training Rifle 5

14. Devices to Address Human Factors (e.g., Fatigue/Weight)


(years)



2 Wireless Power and Data 5 - 10


4 Smaller, Shorter, Lighter Rifle 10






of 117







4 Target Shaped to Simulate Kill Zone 5

5 Smaller, Shorter, Lighter Rifle 10


17. Supply Devices





18. Devices for Other Capabilities



1 Centralized power device (power distribution, power management, standardized interface, off weapon)

5

2 Mind-controlled user interface around combat weapons control

15

of 117

D. Lethality Working Session 3 Participant Solution/Technology Stickies

This appendix compiles the text that that participants wrote on the stickies they posted

on "the wall" during Lethality working session 3. (See page 38.)

The solutions/technologies that participants evaluated as having the highest priority for

development, as indicated by red stickies on the wall, are bolded red in the text that

follows.

The 26 focus areas included here are the categories described in Table 3. Working

Session 3 (Lethal) Results, in the description of Lethality Working Session 3, on page

40. They are:

1. Better weapon ergonomics and physics

2. Directed energy weapon

3. Weapon bio-beedback mechanism

4. Smart training weaponry

5. Lighter/smaller weapons

6. Target location/handoff decision support

7. Target acquisition non-line-of-sight

8. Target acquisition IFF detection

9. Target sensors—human brainwave/biometrics

10. Target sensors—human (heat)

11. Target sensors—human (other)

12. Auto adjustable focal length lens

13. "Fused" sight-target fusion

14. Sentient projectile (projectile sensor)

15. Lighter/smaller ammunition

16. Caseless, low-weight ammunition

17. Guided projectiles (smart ammo)

of 117

18. Multiple effect munitions

19. Electric ignition projectile

20. Standard data/power rail

21. Power supply intelligence

22. Integrated "vest" data link—wireless power/data

23. Integrated fire control system

24. Integrated shot placement

25. Rate of fire control mechanism

26. IFC sniper informatics (wind, pressure, etc.)

1. Better weapon ergonomics and physics

Short Term (0-5 years)

Non-standard weapon designs/configuration which fit individual users

Rethink the visuals of a firearm

Human Factors considerations for firearm design

Implement NATO Human Factors Study Recommendations

Laterally/Longitudinally adjustable butt stock (red bolding indicates

highest priority for development, as indicated by participant placing a red

sticky)

Better sight adjuster

Medium Term (5-10 years)

Nerve impulse detector (similar to what is done with amputees)

Long Term (10+ years)

Nil

2. Directed energy weapon


Zaplight

Decide Legal Implications and Liabilities

Integrated Power Source

of 117


Power Supply with sufficient energy density

Soldier powered energy generation

Microwave / Infrared

High Efficiency energy source

Beam focusing: micro-mirrors, lens material for IR transparency, phased array

emitters

Stability in environmental conditions

Improvements in energy density storage and release

Portable power systems


Improved power sources

High energy crystals for vibration storage

3. Weapon bio-feedback mechanism


Enables shooter to lower breathing and heart rate (i.e. as with those who do

biathlons)


Biometric System – Body contact monitor to measure fatigue, emotions, stress,

etc…

Contact/Non-contact biosensor


Bio-feedback mechanism to work in conjunction with powered rail, vest, power

supply management

―Back-bone‖ to transmit bio-feedback data.

of 117

4. Smart training weaponry


Bolt-on sensor to track shooter aim and steadiness

Through weapon-sight video recording

Implement NATO RTO Human Factors studies and integrate it with

sight/weapon. This requires accessory development

Training weapon with sensors culminating target location, distance, aim,

correction

Embedded training with weapon sight using virtual targeting


Accurate positioning systems (non-GPS)

Remote controlled Training-Weapon-Systems

Remote information Training-Weapon-Systems

Training-Weapon-Systems with Remote Feedback


Nil

5. Lighter/smaller weapons


Arm-mounted ergonomics requiring less force/strength to hold it

Composite materials to withstand heat/shock/mud/etc…

Ceramic body of weapons

Endorse soldiers shooting from hip using a smaller and lighter weapon

Hand sensors

Caseless Ammo

Compact weaponry (increased weapons control, aim, weight reduction, less

weapon fatigue) to increase ammo capacity

Composite weaponry (lightweight, resistant, cheap to maintain).

Power supply integration/control

of 117


Handheld weapons integrated with Soldier Systems

Ceramic Technology

Dynamic materials integration (i.e. space age materials)

Mobility research into human physics limitations


Nil

6. Target location/handoff decision support


Augmented reality simulation

Standard wireless and network protocols

Spectral sensor RF-Link

Accurate positioning systems (non-GPS)

Command and control sharing integration between sight and head type display

High bandwidth RF link to the soldier

Accuracy of target location geo-spatial (i.e. grid coordinated and circular

error probability) which includes GPS accuracy, DMC accuracy, Declination

to true north

Automated change detection

Human factors research on how soldiers can handle influx of large

amounts of information and present effectively

Network backbone

Robust date network

Sticky IR flare for thermal identification of cloaked devices (launched via

grenade launcher)

Automatic target designation ―sensor-to-Shooter‖ with interface sniper

localization system

Decision support tools to discriminate ―friend‖ from ―foe‖ and to determine intent

of 117


Smart target system (able to transmit data and target options)

Weapon launched target marker

Increased data compressibility (i.e. operators need control of: feeds, dense

information, specific feeds under fire)

Robust communication backbone for data/voice

Automated target location tracking and designation

Seamless passage of orders, use of deadly force, etc…

3-Dimensional triangulation handoffs (for ex: Capturing data through walls,

Co-operative engagements)

Shared network data on targets to provide situational awareness to all

squad members


Hand off lethal engagement to UAV or UGV

7. Target acquisition non-line-of-sight


Sensor projectile (40mm) over flight and downlink

UAV feed to soldier

Detect heartbeat and breathing noise (i.e. through microphones)

Rifle launched sensor

Small IR scanners for guiding ammo (i.e. terminal guidance)

Technology to designate and track target on/off sight


Target illumination with laser that will leave a thermal barcode on target; this

barcode can be dected by loitering munitions


Nil

of 117

8. Target Acquisition IFF Detection


Out of band IR sensors

Indentify characteristics for IFF decision tree

Reliable / Simple IFF coding system (for ex. A code of the day)

High power, out of the band IR emitters (avoids detection with NVG

sensors)

Improved dual day/night capability

Augmented Reality

Facial / biometric sensors and software to determine intent


Automated target acquisition tracking

Date fusion station

Reliable secure passive identification sensors / tags

X-Ray / Handheld which would detect metal on other devices out to 100-200

metres


Nil

9. Target sensors—human brainwave/biometrics


Smart sensors web technologies


Nil


Enhancing technology reliability

Brainwave decoder for reading of emotions

of 117

10. Target sensors – human (heat)


Edge detection overlapping for heat profiles

Thermal imaging target identification system

High performance thermal imagers

High resolution uncooled MW sensor

Thermal mapping of human body in all orientations with different clothing levels


Nil


Nil

11. Target sensors – human (other)


Bio metric technology to determine intent

Face recognition software to quickly compare a face with a database

Detect suicide pedestrian or vehicle IED: chemical detection at a longer range

Identify human target (IFF, determine intent), facial recognition, behavioral

characterization

EM field detection synchronized on human EM field

Software for interpretation of 2D vs. 3D imaging data


Human pheromones sensors

Integrated Sensors

Artificial olfactory sensors to detect human odor, explosives

Counter ion drift tubes

IR spectrometers

GAS Chromatographs

Personal microwave detectors

Enemy pattern recognition (clothing, gate, armaments, etc…)

Microwave transponder for IFF discrimination

of 117


Nil

12. Auto adjustable focal length lens


Material with more optical properties and consistent performance

Liquid lens (micro scale)


Large diameter flexible lens material (25mm)

Array of small flexible lenses and sensors that fuses image to a single imagine (for ex. A telescope)


Nil

13. Fused sight / target fusion


Reduce weight and power / processing requirements

Co-axial optics

Low power / high resolution data fusion engine

Chip system for low power implementation of algorithm(s)

Algorithms for fusion of multiple sensors

A weight neutral, Integrated sight system with the following properties

(uncooled IR channel, day channel, laser ranging, laser designation,

environmental sensing, image fusion)

Power management cycle sensors to extend battery life

Smart fusion which only processes new information

User adjusted display of information

Human factors study on how to best present fused target information to

soldiers

Lightweight optics with integrated fusion architecture

Fused signal thermal / night vision with laser range finder / designator

Multi-spectral co-axial EO sensors


of 117

All-in-one sight to save weight and ―Christmas tree effect‖

Technology to function at a minimal level (i.e. optical – passive night vision

without power)

Zero-loss bam splitter technology

Robust sights to prevent ―failure to black‖


Nil

14. Sentient projectile (projectile sensor)


Projectile with sensors (camera, IR, etc..) and downlink


Nil


Nil

15. Lighter/smaller ammunition


Caseless Ammo

Lightweight cartridge

Temperature insensitive polymers

Alternative casing material (i.e. plastic)

Anti-corrosion coating

Improved ammo efficiency / efficacy

Involve Nano-technology with ammunition


MEMS technology

Novel amour piercing munitions

Hypervelocity flechettes


Nil

of 117

16. Caseless, low-weight ammunition


Improved cold weather sealing

Decrease cook-off temperature

Self-cooling chamber

Address tight tolerances

Further understanding of barrel erosion effects

Need further understanding of environmental issues that affect ammunition \

Increase resistance in small ammunition

Propellant design with uniform measure over a range of temperatures

Durable, stronger polymer for ammunition coatings or cases

General light-weight ammunition


Increased ammunition stability and durability

New propellants

Carbon nanotube powers / propellants

Increase compatibility with existing weapons and magazines


Nil

17. Guided projectiles (smart ammo)


Airburst with time fuse or smart fuse programmed in breech

Miniaturize Excalibur to 40mm

Course correction technology

Need further distinguishing on what ―smart ammo‖ entails

Miniaturization of control systems and surfaces


Steerable grenades

Loitering parachute for projectiles

Laser guided ammo

Micro fuses, power, motors

of 117

Miniaturization of guided components / MEMS / sensors

Selectable, programmable ammunition


Controlled steering via gas / jet venting and / or micro control surfaces

18. Multiple-effect munitions


Fusing munitions

Combining non-lethal ammunition for 12 ga. and 40mm ammo for better blunt

impact

Re-role 12 ga. Shotgun and acquire lethal/Non-lethal ammunition

Re-role 40mm level grenade

Complete multiple effects ammunition – 84mm ammunition

Re-role 66mm M72 and acquire anti-structure ammunitions

Incrementing projectiles / variable duration delivered with collective systems

bullet


Differentiation of multiple-effect munitions on human effects

Need to determine if multiple-effect munitions in ―doable‖

Low cost miniature fuses / logics

Tandem ammunition rounds

RF emitter round used as a homing beacon for a grenade launcher

Adjustable length weapon barrel

Ability to automatically select which gun rounds are to be used


Variable / programmable density material to switch between lethal / non-lethal force

of 117

19. Electric ignition projectile


Electric squib technologies

Conductive / inductive technologies

Semiconductor bridges

Ignite grenades via impact activation, a delay element or remote detonation


Nil


Nil

20. Standard data/power rail


Power transmission mechanism

A rail interface for short, medium and long-range interfaces

Creation of NATO standard for power rail

Standardize the power requirements, device / accessories / data types /

interface

Improve rail interoperability

Secure radio communication over a short range

Inductive coupling

Development of drivers and receivers for distribution of data over power rails


Improved battery life

Environmental stability controls

Quick connect / disconnect system for data and power

Wireless data transmission

Smart user controlled interface

Sight picture capture and transmission on a network

Universal power rail system

Power rail used in conjunction with an integrated vest

of 117


Nil

21. Power supply intelligence


Power management software

Power management based on threat level

Improved battery technology

Stage of change sensor / digital monitoring of power consumption

Battery cell models

Improved digital processing

Prioritization of active devices

Agreement on standardization of voltage and current

Agreement on accessory development

User friendly data system interface

Using energy from a recoil to feed a battery

Power sources to be able to operate in cold temperatures


Improved Electric absorber / charger to absorb and release energy

Improved power management system (better distribution, recharge, capacity and

universal to all)


Nil

of 117

22. Integrated ―Vest‖ Data-Link – Wireless Power/Data


Clear identification of ―intelligence‖ and ―requirements‖ needed

E-textiles to distribute power and data evenly


Efficient power transmission over 1 mile

Smart e-textiles with standard design, data and power transfer

Power rail and data rail interface with vest system


Nil

23. Integrated fire control system – target specific focus


Reduced rate of fire mechanism to improve accuracy

Interface with electrically ignited primer

Improved interface with sight optics to increase hit probability

FCS Light weight as aim point (1kg) for grenade launchers

Automatic laser ranging preset

Development of a human target identification system (IFF, Facial recognition,

behavior recognition)


Target identification Designation and tracking

Target hand-over system with other soldiers / support units

Reduced weight and sustained power fire control system


Nil

of 117

24. Intelligent shot placement (auto-fire control system / concentrated and controlled)


Improve / modernize shot training

Development of human target recognition and tracking software optronics

Electronic firing / ignition systems

Electronic stability system

Further studies into assessing how intelligent shots can be made

Use of camera technology to hold release of munitions until locked on

target

Versatile target magnification technology


Motion dampening system

Creation of an integrated battle management system

Visual aid / detector / telemetric camera connected to fire control system

Self-centering auto-fire system


Nil

25. Rate of control mechanism


Ensure increased battery life

Electro mechanical interface

3 round bursts to increase hit probability


Nil


Nil

of 117

26. IFC sniper informatics (wind, pressure, etc…)


Broaden informatics for non-snipers

Sniper system integration

Increased ruggedness

Increased miniaturization

Injection of data into sniper weapon sight

Increase processor speeds in small PDA’s to treat multi-sensor data.

Automatic data transfer to fire control systems

Common operating picture

Micro-meteorological sensors (i.e. air pressure, humidity, etc…) / Miniature

multi-sensor weapon system


Optical wind shear assessment mechanism / fire control system / range finder

Reduced weight optical sight.


Nil

of 117

E. Non-Lethality Working Session 1 Participant Solution/Technology Stickies

This appendix compiles the text that that participants wrote on the stickies they posted

on "the wall" during Non-Lethality working session 1.

The 13 focus areas included here are those described in Table 5. Working Session 1

(Non-Lethal) Results, in the description of Non-Lethality working session 2. They are:

Non-Lethal Nets

Variable Pain Generator

Constant Energy Weapon

Improved Dazzler

Hostile Intent Sensors—Automated Decision Support

IR-Radar Detector Chemical Sensor

Guided Less-than-lethal Munition

Saleable Effects Munition

Nervous System Disruptor

Vehicle Incapacitator

Directed Energy

Programmable Grenade Launcher

of 117

Input from Non-Lethality Working Session 1: Solution/Technology Stickies

Technology Theme

Priority areas brainstormed at the workshop



Long Term (> 10 years)

Non Lethal

Nets

RFID Management (Priority Technology)

PRG Propulsion Management (Priority Technology)

Laser mounted to net shotgun (Priority Technology)

Lightweight ultra strong fibres

Variable Pain

Generator

Small, lightweight microwave antenna (Priority Technology)

Compact, high-power microwave generator (Priority Technology)

Increased Power Supply

Better understanding of central nervous system

Compact power supply

Long wave laser

Increasing generation of pain until a detection of a change in behaviour

Constant

Energy

Weapon

RFID RTLS (Priority Technology)

High-power microwave (Priority Technology)

Gas Venting System (Priority Technology)

Programmable 40mm Less - Lethal Round with Drag - - Deployment (Priority Technology)

Fire control system

Lightweight Materials for Barrels (Priority Technology)

Power Additional Devices (Priority Technology)

High Capacity Portable Power(Priority Technology)

Improved Energy Density Storage/Release (Priority Technology)

Liquid Propellant (Priority Technology)

Directed Energy Weapon which becomes more and more lethal (and painful) as you approach it (Priority Technology)

Improved

Dazzler

Dazzler Laser

Maglite Sized Dazzler

Ability to be easily carried by soldier

Intuitive and Universally understood

Laser

FCS

Power* Variable Power tied to rangefinder

Variable Wave Length

Existing: 100% eye safe; Hail & warning Technology is available

Miniaturized Harden (Throw'g) Electronics Remote Control (Priority Technology)

Better energy storage / sources (Priority Technology

https://strategis.ic.gc.ca/app/scr/pssb/wiki/display/cllb/Non+Lethal+Nets

https://strategis.ic.gc.ca/app/scr/pssb/wiki/display/cllb/Non+Lethal+Nets

https://strategis.ic.gc.ca/app/scr/pssb/wiki/display/cllb/Variable+Pain+Generator

https://strategis.ic.gc.ca/app/scr/pssb/wiki/display/cllb/Variable+Pain+Generator

https://strategis.ic.gc.ca/app/scr/pssb/wiki/display/cllb/Constant+Energy+Weapon



https://strategis.ic.gc.ca/app/scr/pssb/wiki/display/cllb/Improved+Dazler

https://strategis.ic.gc.ca/app/scr/pssb/wiki/display/cllb/Improved+Dazler

of 117


Technology Theme





Hostile Intent

Sensors-

Automated

Decision

Support

Hostile Intent Sensor

Portendo Laser Spectroscope Downscaled

Cross-Cultural biometric tags

See IFF from Day 2

Hostile Intent Sensor

Be able to read physiological responses from subject requires considerable technology to be able to detect and then be able to read accurately the physiological response. It must then determine is the subject is say, aggressive, excited, etc.

Face Characteristic Recognition Software

Emotional Recognition System

Adrenaline Detection Device

Social: Cultural analysis combined with remote biometrics

Other Areas/Ideas that were brainstormed at the workshop

Bio-Sensors

Facial/Bio Recognition Software/Behaviour Classification

Caltrop Disperse in front of roadblock slows approach signals intent by passing through Inert easily recovered

Standoff biometric sensors

Bio identification (face, refine fingerprint)

Ranged Bio-Metric Reading

Continued ...

https://strategis.ic.gc.ca/app/scr/pssb/wiki/display/cllb/Hostile+Intent+Sensors-Automated+Decision+Support





of 117


Technology Theme





Hostile Intent

Sensors-

Automated

Decision

Support (continued)

Automated Decision Making Tool

Very small high speed low power processor for algorithm implementation

Simple operation shoot taze no-go.

Complexity to address changing scenario's (soldier proof)

RFID Management RTLS


Recognition Sensors

React back to export for IFF

AI tool for IFF

IR-Radar-

Detector-

Chemical

Sensor

Thermal Detector: Ability to view concealed weapons therefore identify possible threats.

RFID RTLS

IED Vest Detector

High Accuracy IR detector for small Areas

Combine UAV with Micro chemical NBC Detection System


Explosive sniffer

Weapon/Munition/ Chemical Sensors, Mounted on soldiers (not on gun) to detect enemy possible threat level

Guided Less

than Lethal

Munition

Light Weight Sensors for non-lethal munition (that don't make it become lethal).

Dazzler laser with variable power guided by laser range finder (Laser + Rangefinder)

High Durability Micro Machines

TqT designation - TqT Tracking - Smart Ammo






https://strategis.ic.gc.ca/app/scr/pssb/wiki/display/cllb/IR-Radar-Detector-Chemical+Sensor




https://strategis.ic.gc.ca/app/scr/pssb/wiki/display/cllb/Guided+Less+than+Lethal+Munition



of 117


Technology Theme





Saleable

Effects

Munition

Multiple Function Cartridge Remote Activated

Scalable Payload with Automatic Setting Capability

Escalation pack of 12 gauge ammo. Loaded in sequence (from warn to sting to kill): 1-Bear Bon get Round 2- 100m full power Bean Bog 3- 40m 1/3 Power Bean Bog 4- 00 00 000 Buck Shot. All colour coded and loaded in sequence

Improved 12-GA Shotgun Ammo.

Improved 5.56 FX Ammo.

Programmable Fuse

Frongible ammunition fire a warning shot , than a fatal shot if intruder continues (legal aspects)

Multiple choice of expulsion. Remote controlled 5 cartridge flush bong detonate 5 cartridges for more 'pain' 1 for less.

12 gauge systems

FCS. Capable of Lethal Application: Bridging gap of application, Tactical Handoff.

Paintball style weapon with scalable, programmable munitions with noxious substances (tear gas, pepper spray, etc.).

Need to figure out the

maximum energy that the

population can sustain.


Adjustable Velocity Blunt Impact

Simple Distinct Effects Selection

Scalable Effects. Produce the ability of the projectile to be able to regulate its speed at point of impact. Thus, it must know how far it is going to travel. This will require range measure device.

Smart Materials that can quickly change hardness - so that same projectiles can be used for either lethal or less than lethal effects by changing hardness, and so gun carries only one adaptable ammo type.

Laser range finder five control system smart ammunition.

Weapon selectable projectile velocity

Multiple powder chamber with multiple igniters on one munition to adjust ammo velocity based on threat distance.

Based on range and target make up...automatic.

https://strategis.ic.gc.ca/app/scr/pssb/wiki/display/cllb/Scaleable+Effects+Munition



of 117


Technology Theme





Nervous

System

Disruptor

Compact ultra high voltage generator

Have two magazines on C7 + one to be electrical type bullet in one magazine + the other with normal ammunition.

Bio-chemical Interaction of nerves and life supporting functions.

Modelling of physio role and recovery.


EM waves tuned to neuro system

Vehicle

Incapacitator

Focused EMP

Directed

Energy

Man portable high energy generator

Power Requirement

Effects through clothing

Small Auditory (noise) projection tailored effect

Tactical - Handoff/Information

Fused Optics

FCS

Laser

Electrical

Capable of Lethal Application therefore bridging the application

Power

High capacity Portable Power

Laser rq finder power supply

Programmable

Grenade

Launcher

Data/Power rail system including: range finder/sight, programmable 37 mm to 40 mm LV less than lethal round.

Improved NL Ammo.

RFID RTLS

Air burst dual half inert charge

Lethal and Less lethal selector to control the grenade launcher

Blunt object rapid fire programmable or selectable ammo on shotgun or automatic grenade launcher.

https://strategis.ic.gc.ca/app/scr/pssb/wiki/display/cllb/Nervous+System+Disruptor



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F. Mind Map Exercise and Results

Thinking about technology in the context of the soldier

system did not begin with the Soldier Systems Technology

Roadmap. Earlier projects include a DND project to

develop mind maps showing technologies involved in the

soldier system.

Mind maps focusing on weapons were provided to the

Soldier Systems TRM workshop participants in a handout

following Day 1 of the workshop. Participants were invited

to provide their feedback on the mind maps. Several

participants handed in their comments, and these were

compiled and retained to provide additional soldier

systems information.

The mind maps included in the handout, and the

accompanying table and Technology Readiness Level

(TRL) scale, follow.

Technology Readiness Level (TRL) Description

1. Basic principles observed and reported.

Lowest level of technology readiness. Scientific research begins to be translated into applied research and development. Examples might include paper studies of a technology's basic properties.

2. Technology concept and/or application formulated.

Invention begins. Once basic principles are observed, practical applications can be invented. Applications are speculative and there may be no proof or detailed analysis to support the assumptions. Examples are limited to analytic studies.

3. Analytical and experimental critical function and/or characteristic proof of concept.

Active research and development is initiated. This includes analytical studies and laboratory studies to physically validate analytical predictions of separate elements of the technology. Examples include components that are not yet integrated or representative.

4. Component and/or breadboard validation in laboratory environment.

Basic technological components are integrated to establish that they will work together. This is relatively "low fidelity" compared to the eventual system. Examples include integration of "ad hoc" hardware in the lab.

5. Component and/or breadboard validation in relevant environment.

Fidelity of breadboard technology increases significantly. The basic technological components are integrated with reasonably realistic supporting elements so it can be tested in a simulated environment. Examples include "high fidelity" laboratory integration of components.

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6. System/subsystem model or prototype demonstration in a relevant environment

Representative model or prototype system, which is well beyond that of TRL 5, is tested in a relevant environment. Represents a major step up in a technology's demonstrated readiness. Examples include testing a prototype in a high-fidelity laboratory environment or in simulated operational environment.

7. System prototype demonstration in an operational environment.

Prototype near, or at, planned operational system. Represents a major step up from TRL 6, requiring demonstration of an actual system prototype in an operational environment such as an aircraft, vehicle, or space. Examples include testing the prototype in a test bed aircraft.

8. Actual system completed and qualified through test and demonstration.

Technology has been proven to work in its final form and under expected conditions. In almost all cases, this TRL represents the end of true system development. Examples include developmental test and evaluation of the system in its intended weapon system to determine if it meets design specifications.

9. Actual system proven through successful mission operations.

Actual application of the technology in its final form and under mission conditions, such as those encountered in operational test and evaluation. Examples include using the system under operational mission conditions.

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