UNIT 9

Clauses and Phrases showing contrast and exceptionPast Habitual with used to and would

Use while, unlike, and in contrast to in order to present contrasting information, especially in writing.

While the typical Italian person thinks school is boring, the typical Japanese doesnt.Unlike the Japanese, Italians seem to drink a lot of bottled water.In contrast to Italian drivers, Japanese people drive on the left.

These conjunctions can also come between both clauses

The typical Italian person thinks school is boring while the typical Japanese doesnt think so.

Use except (that), except (for), and except for the fact (that) to show an exception.

Both like TV, except (that) the typical Japanese watches more of it.Italian and Japanese people are fairly different, except for the age they get married.Japanese people typically consume less, except for the fact that they drink more tea.

1) While most Americans live on their own before marriage, a) Students in Brazil are in school for 5 hours a day.2) Unlike the average American students, b) People here dont usually have more than one TV3) Im very similar to the average student here,c) Except for big purchases.4) In contrast to most Americans, d) People here usually live with their parents until they get married.5) People in my country dont use credit cards,e) Except that I study German

While/Unlike Leo prefers a big breakfast, I just have coffee No one in the class, except that/with the exception of Eva, can speak German.In contrast to/While city people, people who live on farms must have a car.Unlike/Except for Thai women, Spanish women greet each other with a kiss.Im a typical Canadian, except for the fact that/ while I dont like hockey.Everyone on our street, except that/except for my family, has a dog.Unlike/While me, all my friends are addicted to TV

Used to and Would can both be used to describe past actions or situations which are no longer true. However, Would cannot be used with verbs such as live, be, have or like

You always used to make me laugh.Classes didnt use to be so difficult.Remember the way we would sit around talking?I would see some great jacket, but you wouldnt let me buy it.

If the sentence is affirmative, use used toI used to get up at 7:00 every morning.

If the sentence is negative, use didnt + use to or wouldntI didnt use to oversleep so often.I wouldnt oversleep so often.

Both used to and would can express an action that was repeated regularly in the past. Only used to can be used to describe a situation that existed in the past. I used to own a very large dog.

Affirmative: I used to play with my dogs.

Negatives: He didnt use to play with his dogs. We never used to row the rapids.Note: When we add never we dont need to add the aux (didnt)

Questions:Did you use to play with your dogs? Yes, I used to play a lot. No, I didnt use to play with them No, I never used to play with themThis is Dan. He gave up smoking two years ago. He no longer smokes. But he used to smoke.

Now Tom has a car. He ______________ a motorcycle.Mark never ____________ coffee, but now he drinks a lot. ____ he _______________ out so much? (go)She doesnt have many friends now, but she __________.Andy _____________ very hard for her exams, but now she doesnt anymoreI know he isnt very smart now, but he ________________.Ann _______________ long hair, but she cut it some time ago. (have)____ you _____________ a lot of candy when you were a child? (eat)