Scientific KnowledgeOf Matter

AndBoon For Small Scale

Industries

• Matter is a substance that has inertia and occupies physical space. According to modern physics, matter consists of various types of particles, each with mass and size.

What is Matter?

• The most familiar examples of material particles are the electron, the proton and the neutron. Combinations of these particles form atoms. There are more than 100 different kinds of atoms, each kind constituting a unique chemical element. A combination of atoms forms a molecule. Atoms and molecules can join together to form a compound.

• Matter can exist in several states, also called phases. The three most common states are known as solid, liquid and gas. A single element or compound of matter might exist in more than one of the three states, depending on the temperature and pressure. Less familiar states of matter include plasma, foam and Bose-Einstein condensate. These states occur under special conditions.

• Different kinds of matter can combine to form substances that may not resemble any of the original ingredients. For example, hydrogen (a gaseous element) and oxygen (another gaseous element) combine to form water (a liquid compound at room temperature). The process of such combination is called a chemical reaction. A chemical reaction involves interactions between the electrons of the atoms, but does not affect the nuclei of the atoms.

• In some situations, matter is converted into energy by atomic reactions, also known as nuclear reactions. This type of reaction is fundamentally different from the chemical reaction because it involves changes in the nuclei of atoms. The most common example of an atomic reaction is the hydrogen fusion that occurs inside the sun. The immense pressure inside the sun, and inside other stars, forces atoms of hydrogen together to form atoms of helium. In this process, some of the mass is converted to energy according to the formula

E = mc 2

• Where E is the energy in joules, m is the mass in kilograms, and c is the speed of light, which is approximately 2.99792 x 10 8 meters per second in a vacuum.

• In recent years, scientists have confirmed the existence of a substance called antimatter. The electron has an antiparticle twin called a positron, with equal mass but opposite electric charge. Similarly, the proton has an antimatter twin called an antiproton, and the neutron has an antimatter twin called an antineutron. If a particle of matter encounters its antiparticle, both are converted entirely to energy according to the above formula, where m is the combined mass of the particle and the antiparticle. Small amounts of antimatter have been isolated in laboratory conditions, but no one has yet succeeded in creating a controlled a matter/antimatter reaction, or even an uncontrolled reaction of significant size.

• Inertia - Inertia is a property of matter that causes it to resist changes in velocity (speed and direction).

• Quantum - Quantum is the Latin word for amount and, in modern understanding, means the smallest possible discrete unit of any physical property, such as energy or matter.

• Antimatter - Antimatter is any substance that, when combined with an equal amount of matter, results in the complete and direct conversion of all substance to energy.

3 Phases Of Matter

Matter

An ExampleAn Example

• A classification that refers to a group of companies that are related in terms of their primary business activities. In modern economies, there are dozens of different industry classifications, which are typically grouped into larger categories called sectors.

What is Industry?

• A small scale industry is a business or project is created on either a small budget or for a small group of people. For instance if someone starts a laundry service just around their neighbourhood, that is small, not too expensive to start or manage but not too cheap either. Another example is a small pizzeria or a kiosk or say a moving around with an ice-cream van, these are types of small scale industries.

What Are Small Scale Industries?

• Matter is very important for every Industry and the matter used in small scale industry is very essential for them as matter is their daily use in everything..

Importance Of Matter In Small Scale Industries

MachineryToolsStorageTransportationPackaging

Various Matter Used In Small Scale Industry

Machinery

Tools

Storage

Transportation

Packaging

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MADE BY :-HIMANSHU KUMAR

IX - B22