SSC-1651 nvRvi eQi ai Ñ201 - Bangladesh Open University · SSC-1651 nvRvi eQi aiÑ203 nvRvi eQi ai...

SSC-1651 nvRvi eQi a‡iÑ201

nvRvi eQi a‡iÑ202 SSC-1651

GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

evsjv cÖ_g cÎ : SSC-1651

gvbeÈb :c~Y©gvb : 100

1. m„Rbkxj cªkœ (KvVv‡gve×) : 60 b¤i (610 = 60)

2. enywbe©vPwb cÖkœ : 40 b¤i (401 = 40)

me©‡gvU = 100

1. m„Rbkxj cªkœ : 60 b¤i (610 = 60)

†gvU 9wU cÖkœ _vK‡e| †h †Kv‡bv 6wU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z n‡e|

cÖ‡Z¨KwU cÖ‡kœi c~Y©gvb 10 b¤i|

M`¨, KweZv I mncvV (Dcb¨vm I bvUK) As‡ki cÖwZwU‡Z 3wU K‡i cÖkœ _vK‡e|

cÖwZwU Ask †_‡K Kgc‡ÿ 1wUmn †gvU 6wU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z n‡e|

G‡Z cÖwZwU cÖ‡kœi ïiæ‡Z GKwU „k¨Kí ev DÏxcK (Stem) _vK‡e hv n‡Z cv‡i GKwU mvaviY m~Pbv

e³e¨, PvU©, mgxKiY, wPÎ, MÖvd BZ¨vw`| „k¨Kí ev DÏxc‡Ki †k‡l 4wU cÖkœ _vK‡e|

cÖkœ 4wUi b¤^i eÈb n‡e wb¤œi~c :

K. Ávb Íi- 1

L. Abyaveb Íi- 2

M. cÖ‡qvM `ÿZv Íi- 3

N. D”PZi `ÿZv Íi- 4

cÖwZwU cÖ‡kœi GB 4wU As‡ki †gvU b¤i n‡e 10|

2. enywbe©vPwb cÖkœ : 40 b¤^i (401 = 40)

†gvU 40wU cÖkœ _vK‡e| mKj cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z n‡e|

cÖ‡Z¨K cÖ‡kœi gvb 1 (GK) b¤i|

eûwbe©vPwb As‡k `ÿZvi Íi wVK †i‡L M`¨ †_‡K 15wU, KweZv †_‡K 15wU Ges mncvV (Dcb¨vm

I bvUK) †_‡K 10wU eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ mwbœ‡ewkZ n‡e|


nvRvi eQi a‡i

Rwni ivqnvb

GKRb mvwnwZ¨K, mvsevw`K, ivRbxwZwe` I m‡e©vcwi Pjw”PÎKvi wn‡m‡e Rwni ivqnvb Avgv‡`i wbKU cwiwPZ|

1935 mv‡ji 19 AvM÷ †dwb †Rjvi Aš ÍM©Z gRycyi MÖv‡g GK m¤£všÍ I iÿYkxj

cwiev‡i wZwb Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi cÖK…Z bvg †gvnv¤§` Rwniæjøvn| Rwni ivqnv‡bi

wcZv †gvnv¤§` nvweeyjøvn KjKvZv Avwjqv gv`ªvmvi Aa¨vcK| gv ‰mq`v mywdqv LvZzb

iÿYkxj I cÖfvekvjx ZvjyK`vi cwiev‡ii mšÍvb wQ‡jb| cvuP cyÎ I wZb Kb¨vi Rbbx

mywdqv LvZzb mšÍvb‡`i wkÿvi e¨vcv‡i AZ¨šÍ hZœkxj wQ‡jb| Rwni ivqnvb KjKvZvq

wgÎ Bbw÷wUD‡U I c‡i Avwjqv gv`ªvmvq †jLvcov K‡ib| †`kfv‡Mi ci wcZvi m‡½

gRycyi MÖv‡g P‡j Av‡mb Ges ’vbxq Avwgivev` nvB¯‹z‡j mßg †kªwY‡Z fwZ© nb| 1950

mv‡j wZwb GKB ¯‹zj †_‡K cÖ_g wefv‡M g¨vwUªK cvm K‡ib| 1953 mv‡j XvKvi

RMbœv_ K‡jR †_‡K wZwb AvBGmwm cvm K‡ib| wZwb cÖ_‡g XvKv †gwW‡Kj K‡j‡R

fwZ© nb Ges c‡i Zv †Q‡o w`‡q XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K 1958 mv‡j evsjv fvlv I

mvwn‡Z¨ Abvm© wWwMÖ jvf K‡ib|

1952 mv‡j Rwni ivqnvb fvlv-Av‡›`vj‡b Rwo‡q c‡ob| 1971 mv‡j 25 gv‡P©i ci

gyw³hy× ïiæ n‡j wZwb KjKvZv P‡j hvb Ges †mLvb †_‡K ¯vaxbZvi c‡ÿ

cÖPvivwfhvb I Z_¨wPÎ wbg©vY ïiæ K‡ib| gyw³hy× Aej¤‡b Zuvi Qwe Ô÷c †R‡bvmvBWÕ

c„w_exRy‡o wecyj mvov RvMvq| †mmgq wZwb Avw_©K m¼‡U co‡jI Pjw”PÎ cÖ`k©bx †_‡K cÖvß A_© gyw³‡hv×v

Znwe‡j `vb K‡ib|

Aí eq‡mB Rwni ivqnvb †mmg‡qi wbwl× Kgy¨wb÷ cvwU©‡Z †hvM †`b| †Mvcb cvwU©‡Z Zuvi bvg ivLv nq

ÔivqnvbÕ| 1950 mv‡j wZwb Ôhy‡Mi Av‡jvÕ cwÎKvq mvsevw`K wn‡m‡e KvR ïiæ K‡ib Ges c‡i ÔLvcQvovÕ,

Ôhvwš¿KÕ, Ôwm‡bgvÕ cÖf…wZ cwÎKv‡ZI KvR K‡ib| 1956 mv‡j wZwb ÔcÖevnÕ cwÎKvi m¤úv`K wn‡m‡e †hvM †`b|

1957 mv‡j ÔRv‡Mv ûqv mv‡eivÕ Qwe‡Z mnKvix cwiPvjK wn‡m‡e KvR Kivi gva¨‡g Pjw”PÎ RM‡Z cÖ‡ek K‡ib|

wZwb Ô†h b`x giæc‡_Õ I ÔG †`k †Zvgvi AvgviÕ Qwe‡Z KvR K‡ib| 1961 mv‡j cwiPvjK wn‡m‡e Zuvi cÖ_g

Pjw”PÎ ÔKL‡bv Av‡mwbÕ gyw³ cvq| Gic‡i Zuvi wbwg©Z Qwe KvRj, Kuv‡Pi †`qvj, †eûjv, Rxeb †_‡K †bqv,

Av‡bvqviv, m½g, evnvbv gyw³ cvq| cÖMwZkxj gvbeZvev`x Ges mgvRZvwš¿K †PZbvB Zuvi mvwnZ¨K‡g©i †gŠj

welq| cÂv‡ki `k‡K QvÎ Ae ’vq Zuvi cÖ_g MíMÖš’ (1362 e½vã) Ôm~h©MÖnYÕ cÖKvwkZ nq| ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Zuvi

†kÖô Dcb¨vm| G-Dcb¨v‡mi Rb¨ wZwb Av`gwR mvwnZ¨ cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡ib| Avengvb evsjvi Rxeb, Rbc` I

AvPiY GB Dcb¨v‡mi g~j DcRxe¨| wZwb evsjv GKv‡Wwg I ¯vaxbZv cyi¯‹vimn wewfbœ cyi¯‹v‡i f~wlZ nb| 1971

mv‡j Rwni ivqnv‡bi †R¨ô åvZv cÖL¨vZ mvwnwZ¨K knx`yjøvn Kvqmvi‡K AÁvZbvgv `ye„©Ëiv Zuvi evmfeb †_‡K a‡i

wb‡q hvq| Rwni ivqnvb Lei cvb †h, Zuvi eo fvB‡K XvKvi wgicy‡i ivLv n‡q‡Q| 1971 mv‡ji 30 Rvbyqvwi wZwb

eo fvB‡K D×v‡ii Rb¨ wgicy‡i hvb Ges Avi wd‡i Av‡mbwb| Zuvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ iPbv :

Dcb¨vm : †kl we‡K‡ji †g‡q (1960), nvRvi eQi a‡i (1964), Av‡iK dvêyb (1969), eid Mjv

b`x (1969), Avi KZw`b (1970), K‡qKwU g„Zz¨|

cÖeÜ : cvwK Ívb †_‡K evsjv‡`k (1971)|

GQvov wZwb A‡bK Mí iPbv K‡i‡Qb|

Jcb¨vwmK-cwiwPwZ


mvaviY D‡Ïk¨

ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨vmwU cov †k‡l AvcwbÑ

Dcb¨v‡mi msÁv_© we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

Dcb¨v‡mi MVb Ges êwkó¨ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

wewfbœ ai‡bi Dcb¨v‡mi weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb|

evsjv Dcb¨v‡mi BwZnvm wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|

ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡mi Kvwnwb-ms‡ÿc wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|

Uzwb I gš‘mn cÖavb PwiÎ¸‡jvi êwkó¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

MÖvg-evsjvi mgvR-Rxe‡bi cwiPq Zz‡j ai‡Z cvi‡eb|

ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡mi bvgKi‡Yi Zvrch© we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

Dcb¨vm wn‡m‡e ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕi mv_©KZv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

cvVwfwËK D‡Ïk¨

GB cvVwU cov †k‡l AvcwbÑ

Dcb¨v‡mi msÁv I cwiPq ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

Dcb¨v‡mi Dcv`vb I MVbixwZ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

Dcb¨v‡mi †kªwYwefvM eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

evsjv Dcb¨v‡mi mswÿß BwZnvm eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

mvwnZ¨ Rxe‡bi K_v e‡j, mvwnZ¨ mgv‡Ri K_v e‡j| mvwnZ¨ Avgv‡ì gy‡LvgyLx K‡i Rxeb-m‡Zï I mgvR-

m‡Zï; Avgiv Dcjwä Kwi Rxe‡bi Zvrch© Ges mvgvwRK ev¯ÍeZv| mvwn‡Zï gva¨‡g Avgiv cÖ‡ek Kwi Ggb GK

wbg©j Avb›`‡jv‡K, †h Avb›`‡jvK m„wó nq mZ¨, my›ì Ges Kj¨v‡Yi Øviv|

mvwn‡Zï cÖavb kvLv cuvPwU : KweZv, bvUK, Dcb¨vm, †QvUMí I cÖeÜ| cÖKvkixwZi cv_©‡Kï Kvi‡Y GK †kªwYi

mvwnZ¨ Ab¨ †kªwYi mvwnZ¨ †_‡K Avjv`v| c„w_exi cÖvq mKj fvlvi mvwn‡Zï ïiæ‡ZB cvIqv †M‡Q KweZv| GRb¨

KweZv‡K ejv P‡j mvwnZ¨-wk‡íi Avw` gva¨g| bvU‡Ki eqm KweZvi g‡Zv AZ bq; wKš‘ bvUKI †ek cyi‡bv| whï

wLª‡÷i R‡b¥i cÖvq cuvPk eQi Av‡M wMÖ‡m iwPZ n‡qwQj Ac~e© me bvUK| cÖvPxb fvi‡ZI ms¯‹…Z bvU‡Ki eû cÖvPxb

HwZn¨ i‡q‡Q|

cÖeÜ, Dcb¨vm Ges †QvUMí Ñmvwn‡Zï G-mKj gva¨g Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e bexb| †h ai‡bi iPbv‡K Avgiv Dcb¨vm

e‡j wPwb, Zvi D™¢‡ei eqm wZb-Pvik eQ‡ii †ewk bq| Avi †QvUM‡íi eqm †Zv Av‡iv Kg| Z‡e RbwcÖqZvi

w`K w`‡q Dcb¨v‡mi ’vb mevi Ic‡i| Av‡MB e‡jwQ, mvwn‡Zï wewfbœ Avw½‡Ki (Form) g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ _vK‡jI

mvwn‡Zï g~j DcRxe¨ gvbe-Rxeb I gvbe-mgvR| gvbe-Rxeb I gvbe-mgvR KL‡bv KweZvq, KL‡bv bvU‡K,

KL‡bv Dcb¨v‡m, KL‡bv cÖe‡Ü, KL‡bv ev †QvUM‡í aiv c‡o| mvwn‡Zï cÖwZwU Avw½‡KiB i‡q‡Q GKvšÍ wbR¯^

wKQy êwkó¨, wKQy bxwZ I ixwZ, hvi Kvi‡Y GK cÖKvi gva¨g Ab¨ gva¨g †_‡K Avjv`v| Dcb¨v‡miI i‡q‡Q †Zgb

wKQy ¯vZš¿¨m~PK êwkó¨| H êwkó¨¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki‡j Dcb¨vm m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡ì c‡ÿ GKwU mvaviY

aviYv jvf Kiv mnR n‡e|

cvV-1

f~wgKv


Dcb¨v‡mi msÁv_©

ïay KZK¸‡jv k‡ãi mvnv‡h¨ †Kv‡bv m„wókxj wkíKg©‡K msÁvwqZ Kiv Am¤¢e| KviY Zv‡Z H we‡kl wkíK‡g©i

mKj êwkó¨ aiv c‡o bv| G-Kvi‡Y mK‡ji Kv‡Q MÖnY‡hvM¨ m„wókxj wel‡qi †Kv‡bv msÁv_© wbiƒcY KivI `yiƒn|

Dcb¨v‡mi mK‡ji Kv‡Q mgvbfv‡e M„nxZ †Kv‡bv msÁv_© †bB| mvaviYfv‡e ejv hvqÑ MÖš’Kv‡ii e¨w³MZ

Rxeb`k©b I Rxebvbyf‚wZ †Kv‡bv ev¯Íem¤§Z Kvwnwb‡K Aej¤^b K‡i †h eY©bvZ¥K wkíK‡g© iƒcvwqZ nq, Zv‡K

Dcb¨vm e‡j|

Dcb¨v‡mi Bs‡iwR cÖwZkã n‡”Q Novel. kãwU Bs‡iwR‡Z G‡m‡Q BZvjxq kã novella †_‡K; Avi Gi A_©

n‡”Q ‘tale, piece fo news’| Dcb¨v‡mi msÁv_© wbY©q K‡i J. A. Cuddon Zuvi ‘Dictionary of Literary

Terms’-G wj‡L‡Qb ‘It is a form of story or prose-narrative containing characters, action and

incidents and perhaps a plot’. Ab¨fv‡e ejv hvq, ‘Novel is a fictitious prose-narrative or tale

presenting a picture of the man and women portrayed’.

ÔDcb¨vmÕ kãwU we‡kølY Ki‡j cvIqv hvq Dc+wb+Am &; A_©vr ÔDcÕ c~e©K, ÔwbÕ c~e©K ÔAm&Õ avZzi m‡½ ÔAÕ cÖZ¨q

†hv‡M ÔDcb¨vmÕ kãwU MwVZ|

gvby‡li Rxeb cÖK…Zc‡ÿ eûwewPÎ AwfÁZvi cyÄxf‚Z iƒc| Rxe‡b myL-`ytL, Avb›`-†e`bv, cÖvwß-AcÖvwß, mvdj¨-

e¨_©Zv, fvjevmv-N„Yv ÑG-mKj wecixZgyLx wµqv-cÖwZwµqv nvZ aivawi K‡i P‡j| my‡Li D‡ëv wc‡VB †hb _v‡K

`ytL, Avb‡›ì cv‡kB _v‡K †e`bv| GKRb Jcb¨vwmK gvby‡li mgMÖ Rxeb‡K †h‡nZz Zuvi iPbvq wjwce× Ki‡Z

Pvb, d‡j Zuv‡K AR©b Ki‡Z nq Rxeb m¤ú‡K© cwic~Y© aviYv| wKš‘ Rxeb eo RwUj Ges m~², Avi Zvi †P‡q †ewk

m~² I wewPÎ gvby‡li gb| myZivs Jcb¨vwmK‡K gvby‡li Rxe‡bi ewne©v ÍeZv I AšÍe©v ÍeZv m¤ú‡K© AwfÁZvi

AwaKvix n‡Z nq| KviY wZwb gvbe-g‡bi Mwn‡b ågY K‡ib|

c`¨fvlvqI Dcb¨vm †jLv P‡j; Z‡e mvaviYfv‡e M`¨B Dcb¨v‡mi gva¨g| mvwnZ¨gva¨g wn‡m‡e Dcb¨v‡mi

me‡P‡q kw³i w`K GB †h, gvbeRxe‡bi êwPÎ¨‡K me‡P‡q fv‡jvfv‡e G gva¨‡g Dc ’vcb Kiv hvq| gvby‡li

msjvc I D”Pvi‡Yi êwPÎ¨, e¨w³-gvby‡li wfbœZv, AvPvi-AvPiY I ixwZ-†iIqv‡Ri bvbv iƒc Dcb¨v‡mi kix‡i

mn‡RB AuvUv‡bv hvq|

Dcb¨v‡mi Dcv`vb I MVbixwZ

Dcb¨v‡mi cÖavb Dcv`vb 5wU:

1. Kvwnwb ev cøU (Plot),

2. PwiÎ (Character),

3. msjvc (Dialogue),

4. fvlv (Diction),

5. Jcb¨vwm‡Ki Rxeb`k©b (Author’s philosophy or thought)|

GKwU Dcb¨v‡mi cÖv_wgK kZ© n‡”Q Zv‡Z GKwU Kvwnwb _vK‡Z n‡e Ges †mB Kvwnwb Lye †QvU n‡e bv| KvwnwbwU

KZK¸‡jv PwiÎ‡K Aej¤^b K‡i weKwkZ, cjøweZ Ges cwiYvggyLx n‡q DV‡e| PwiÎ¸‡jvi weKv‡ki cÖ‡qvR‡b

†jLK msjv‡ci mvnvh¨ MÖnY K‡ib, Dc‡hvMx fvlvfw½ wbe©vPb K‡ib Ges Dcb¨v‡mi AMÖMwZi m‡½ m‡½ Zuvi

Rxeb`k©b‡K cvV‡Ki mvg‡b µgk D‡b¥vPb K‡ib|

Z‡e g‡b ivLv cÖ‡qvRb, mKj wk‡íiB g~j jÿ¨ n‡”Q gvbeRxe‡bi mvwe©K mZ¨‡K cÖKvk Kiv| Dcb¨vmI Zvi

e¨wZµg bq| †m Kvi‡Y Dcb¨v‡mi †K›`ªwe›`y‡Z _v‡K gvbyl| wKš‘ †m gvbyl Avgv‡ì Pvicv‡ki UzK‡iv UzK‡iv gvbyl

bq; ALÐ, AwefvwRZ gvbyl| GKRb gvbyl Zuvi Rxe‡bi bvbv Kg©cÖev‡ni ga¨ w`‡q AMÖmi nb, wZwb nq‡Zv †eu‡PI

_v‡Kb `xN©w`b| Jcb¨vwmK hLb Zvi Rxe‡bi wbe©vwPZ Ask Dcb¨v‡m A¼b K‡ib, ZLb wKš‘ Zv‡K LwÐZ Kiv nq


bv| Avgiv cÖwZw`b †h mKj Kg©m¤úv`b Kwi, Zvi mewKQyB Avgv‡ì fwel¨r Rxe‡bi Rb¨ g~jëvb bq, Ggb wK

cÖwZw`‡bi RbÏ g~jëvb bq| †m Kvi‡Y Jcb¨vwmK Rxe‡bi †mB Ask¸‡jv‡KB Dcb¨vm iPbvi †ÿ‡Î wbe©vPb

K‡ib, hv Pwi‡Îi mgMÖ mËv‡K cÖwZwew¤Z K‡i| NUbv wbe©vP‡bi K…wZ‡Z¡i IciB A‡bKvs‡k wbf©i K‡i Dcb¨v‡mi

mvdj¨ ev e¨_©Zv|

GKB m‡½ Jcb¨vwmK‡K ’vb-Kv‡ji wbe©vP‡bi e¨vcv‡iI n‡Z nq mZK©| †Kvb & mg‡qi ev †Kvb & mvgvwRK ev ÍeZvi

cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z Zuvi Dcb¨v‡mi Pwi‡Îiv weKwkZ n‡”Q Zv‡KI mgvb ¸iæ‡Z¡i m‡½ we‡ePbv Ki‡Z nq| Kvh©KviY-

k„•Ljvq Ave× K‡i Dcb¨v‡mi PwiÎ Ges ’vb-Kv‡ji eënv‡i †h Jcb¨vwmK hZ mZK© Zuvi Dcb¨vm ZZ mv_©K|

Rwni ivqnvb iwPZ ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡m Avgiv †`L‡ev, G-Dcb¨v‡mi `ywU cÖavb PwiÎ gš‘ Avi Uzwb| GLv‡b

Jcb¨vwmK Zv‡ì Rxe‡bi †mB mgq Ges Kg©‡K k‡ã iƒc w`‡q‡Qb, hvi gva¨‡g H `ywU gvbe-gvbexi PvIqv-

cvIqv, Avb›`-†e`bv, cÖvwß-AcÖvwß‡K cvVK mn‡RB Dcjwä Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Zv‡ì Rxe‡bi Kvh©KviY-k„•Ljv wbw`©ó

’vb-Kv‡ji wbe©vwPZ NUbv Aej¤b K‡iB cvVK‡K GKwU mvgwMÖK (Total) aviYv cÖ`v‡b mg_© n‡q‡Q| Avi H

cÖavb PwiÎ `y‡Uv‡K weKwkZ Ges wek¦vm¨ K‡i Dc ’vc‡bi Rb¨ †jLK GKwU mvgvwRK cwigÐj Ges mvgvwRK

mZ¨‡K my¯úó K‡i Zz‡j‡Qb|

Dcb¨v‡mi †kªwYwefvM

Av‡MB e‡jwQ, m„wókxj wel‡qi e¨vcv‡i mK‡ji Kv‡Q MÖnY‡hvM¨ †Kv‡bv gZ wba©viY Kiv †ek `yiƒn| Dcb¨v‡mi

†kªwYwefv‡Mi †ejv‡Z mvwnZ¨-ZvwË¡K‡ì g‡a¨ †m Kvi‡YB i‡q‡Q gZ‡f`| AwaKvs‡ki g‡Z NUbv-cÖavb

Dcb¨vm‡K cÖavbZ Pvi †kªwY‡Z web¨ Í Kiv hvq| †m¸‡jv nj :

1. mvgvwRK Dcb¨vm

2. HwZnvwmK Dcb¨vm

3. †cŠivwYK Dcb¨vm

4. AvÂwjK Dcb¨vm

1. mvgvwRK Dcb¨vm

gvbyl mvgvwRK Rxe| mgv‡RB Zuvi Ae ’vb Ges mgvR‡K †K›`ª K‡iB Zuvi hveZxq Kg©KvÐ AvewZ©Z nq| †h

Dcb¨v‡m mgvR-Rxe‡bi ev Íe NUbv ev KvwnwbB cÖavb Aej¤^b, Zv‡K mvgvwRK Dcb¨vm ejv hvq| mgv‡Ri m‡½

cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e m¤úwK©Z welqvewj †hgb cwievi, ivRbxwZ, †`k, ag©, `k©b ¯vfvweKfv‡eB ’vb K‡i †bq mvgvwRK

Dcb¨v‡m| mgv‡Ri m¤¢vebv, Zvi mejZv-`ye©jZv Ges mvgvwRK cÖwZeÜKZv¸‡jv‡K Jcb¨vwmK KL‡bv mngwg©Zvq

KL‡bv ev mgv‡jvP‡Ki Zxÿ è `„wó‡Z mvgvwRK Dcb¨v‡m Dc ’vcb K‡ib| ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨v‡qi ÔK…òKv‡šÍi DBjÕ

I Ôwele„ÿÕ; iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii Ô†hvMv‡hvMÕ I Ô†Pv‡Li evwjÕ; kirP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨v‡qi ÔcjøxmgvRÕ, Ô†`bv cvIbvÕ I

ÔM„n`vnÕ; Zvivk¼i e‡›`¨vcva¨v‡qi ÔKweÕ, ÔAv‡ivM¨ wb‡KZbÕ, ÔMY‡èZvÕ, ÔavÎx‡èZvÕ I ÔcÂMÖvgÕ; wef‚wZf‚lY

e‡›`¨vcva¨v‡qi ÔBQvgwZ, Ôc‡_i cuvPvjxÕ I ÔAcivwRZÕ; gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨v‡qi ÔcyZzj bv‡Pi BwZK_vÕ, ÔcÙvb`xi

gvwSÕ; ˆmq` IqvjxDjøvn &i ÔjvjmvjyÕ Ges kIKZ Imgv‡bi ÔRbbxÕ cÖf…wZ‡K mvgvwRK Dcb¨vm wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Kiv

hvq|

2. HwZnvwmK Dcb¨vm

BwZnv‡mi wekvj RMr †_‡K †Kv‡bv PwiÎ ev NUbv wb‡q †h Dcb¨vm iwPZ nq Zv‡K HwZnvwmK Dcb¨vm e‡j|

BwZnv‡mi mZ¨‡K weK…Z bv K‡i Jcb¨vwmK bZzb K‡i Zvi g‡a¨ GKwU Zvrch© Avwe®‹v‡ii evmbv †_‡K HwZnvwmK

Dcb¨vm iPbv K‡ib| Z‡e memgq †jL‡Ki c‡ÿ BwZnv‡mi Dcv`vb‡K AweKjfv‡e eënvi Kiv m¤¢e nq bv|

BwZnv‡mi MwZcÖK…wZ we‡kølY K‡i †jLK Zv‡Z Kíbvi iO wgwk‡q †`b| G‡Z BwZnvm weK…Z nq bv, eis bZzb

Zvrch© jvf K‡i; cvV‡Ki mvg‡b cÖPwjZ BwZnvm‡K bZzbfv‡e g~j¨vq‡bi my‡hvM m„wó nq| ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨v‡qi


Ô`y‡M©kbw›`bxÕ, ÔivRwmsnÕ I ÔP›`ª‡kLiÕ; iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii ÔivRwl©Õ, ÔeD-VvKzivbxi nvUÕ cÖf…wZ HwZnvwmK Dcb¨vm

wn‡m‡e we‡klfv‡e cwiwPZ|

3. †cŠivwYK Dcb¨vm

cyivY ev wg_ Aej¤‡b †h-mKj Dcb¨vm iwPZ nq, Zv‡K ejv hvq †cŠivwYK Dcb¨vm| Avw`Kv‡ji gvbe-mgv‡Ri

†jvKwek¦vm, agx©q wek¦vm, Zv‡ì ms¯‹vi‡K Avgiv cyivY e‡j Rvwb| ivgvqY, gnvfviZ wKsev BwjqvW, AwWwm‡Z

†mKv‡ji gvby‡li †h Kg©KvÐ ev AvPvi-AvPi‡Yi cwiPq cvB Zv‡K Avgiv †cŠivwYK RM‡Zi welq e‡j we‡ePbv

Ki‡Z cvwi| AvaywbKKv‡ji A‡bK †jLKB cyiv‡Yi RM‡Zi Kvwnwb Aej¤b K‡i Dcb¨vm iPbvq Drmvnx n‡q‡Qb|

†cŠivwYK Kvwnwbi †cÖiYvq iwPZ †Rgm R‡q‡mi ÔBDwjwmmÕ Dcb¨vmwU mgMÖ c„w_exi Dcb¨vm-m¤úwK©Z aviYv‡K

GK mgq cÖejfv‡e bvov w`‡qwQj| evsjv fvlvq m‡Z¨b †mb ÔAwfkß bMixÕ I Ôcv‡ci mšÍvbÕ bv‡g `ywU AmvaviY

†cŠivwYK Dcb¨vm iPbv K‡i‡Qb| †mwjbv †nv‡m‡bi ÔKvj‡KZz I dzjøivÕ†KI GK A‡_© †cŠivwYK Dcb¨vm ejv

hvq|

4. AvÂwjK Dcb¨vm

†Kv‡bv we‡kl AÂ‡ji gvby‡li Rxebhvcb c×wZ, Zv‡ì nvwm-Kvbœv GgbwK Zv‡ì AvPiY I D”PviY AweK…Z

fw½‡Z †h-mKj Dcb¨v‡m ’vb cvq †m¸‡jv‡K AvÂwjK Dcb¨vm ejv hvq| GKB †`‡ki g‡a¨ n‡jI, cÖwZwU

AÂ‡jiB _v‡K wKQy ¯vZš¿¨| Lv`¨vf¨vm †_‡K ïiæ K‡i Zv‡ì mvs¯‹…wZK Rxe‡bi g‡aÏ †ek jÿ‡hvM¨ cv_©K¨

†`Lv hvq| GKRb Jcb¨vwmK hLb we‡kl AÂ‡ji gvby‡li GB mvs¯‹…wZK I b„-ZvwË¡K cv_©K¨‡K dzwU‡q Zz‡j

†Kv‡bv Dcb¨vm‡K êwkó¨gwÐZ K‡i Zzj‡Z cv‡ib, ZLbB AvÂwjK Dcb¨vm mv_©KZv jvf K‡i| wef‚wZf‚lY

e‡›`¨vcva¨v‡qi ÔAviY¨KÕ; Zvivk¼i e‡›`¨vcva¨v‡qi Ônuvmywj euv‡Ki DcK_vÕ; mZxbv_ fv`ywoi Ô†X uvovB PwiZ

gvbmÕ; †`‡ek iv‡qi ÔwZ Ívcv‡ii e„ËvšÍÕ; AvjvDÏxb Avj AvRv‡ì ÔKY©dzjxÕ; A‰ØZ gjøeg©‡Yi ÔwZZvm GKwU

b`xi bvgÕ cÖf…wZ AvÂwjK Dcb¨vm wn‡m‡e we‡klfv‡e cwiwPZ|

GQvovI MVb‡KŠkj, Rxeb „wó I wkí‡PZbvi cv_©‡Kï w`K †_‡K Dcb¨vm‡K AviI A‡bKfv‡e †kªwYweb¨ Í Kiv

hvq| †hgb, Kveägx© Dcb¨vm, ågY-Dcb¨vm, c‡Îvcb¨vm, gb ÍvwË¡K Dcb¨vm, †Mv‡q›`v Dcb¨vm, cÖZxKx Dcb¨vm,

gnvKvwe¨K Dcb¨vm cÖf…wZ|

Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Z¨ Aóv`k kZvãx †_‡KB Dcb¨vm iPbvi m~ÎcvZ N‡U| `vwb‡qj wW‡dv Zuvi Ôiweb&mb µz‡kvÕ (1719)

iPbvi ga¨ w`‡q e¨w³gvbyl‡K mvwn‡Zï †K› ªwe›`y K‡i Zzj‡jb Ges wek¦mvwn‡Zï Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q w`‡jb GB evZ©v †h,

†Mvôx-Rxe‡bi †h mvwnZ¨ mgMÖ ga¨hy‡M PP©vi cÖavb welq wQj, Zvi Kvj dzwi‡q‡Q| GB bZzb ai‡bi mvwnZ¨gva¨g

mgMÖ cwðgv we‡k¦ Lye `ªæZ RbwcÖqZv AR©b Ki‡Z mg_© nq| wW‡KÝ I RR© GwjqU, evjRvK I †Rvjv, ` Íqfw¯‹ I

Uj÷q Zuv‡ì AmvaviY iPbvK‡g©i ga¨ w`‡q Zuv‡ì Kv‡j Dcb¨vm‡K gnËg wkígva¨‡g cwiYZ K‡i‡Q|

evsjv Dcb¨v‡mi D™¢e

G-K_v cÖvq Avgiv mevB †g‡b wb‡qwQ †h, evsjv Dcb¨vm Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Zï mivmwi cÖfv‡e D™¢‚Z Ges mg„×| Z‡e

A‡bK cÖvPxb mvwn‡Z¨B Dcb¨v‡mi bvbv jÿY I Bw½Z Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq| ïay cÖvPxb ms¯‹…Z mvwn‡Z¨B bq, cÖvPxb

evsjv mvwn‡ZÏ cvIqv hvq Dcb¨v‡mi †ek wKQy c~e©-jÿY| evsjv fvlvq iwPZ †jŠwKK ag©-mvwnZ¨, †hgb

ÔPÐxg½jÕ I Ôgbmvg½jÕ Kv‡e¨ †èx-KxZ©‡bi cvkvcvwk mgKvjxb gvbyl, Zv‡ì Rxe‡bi bvbv RwUjZv I m¤¢vebv

wbLyuZfv‡e cwiùywUZ n‡q‡Q| GQvovI ˆPZb¨-welqK mvwnZ¨, gqgbwmsn MxwZKv, evsjv †ivgvÝg~jK Kve¨¸‡jv‡Z

cvIqv hvq Dcb¨v‡mi bvbvwea jÿY I wPý| cyi‡bv mvwn‡Z¨ Dcb¨v‡mi †h jÿY¸‡jv cvIqv hvq Zv GKwU K_v

cÖgvY K‡i †h evsjv fvlvq Dcb¨vm G‡Kev‡i Ôwbiew”Qbœ we¯§q ev AÁvZ cÖ‡nwjKvi g‡ZvÕ nVvr K‡i Avwef©‚Z

nqwb| cÖvPxb I ga¨hy‡Mi mvwn‡Zï g‡a¨ Dcb¨v‡mi QÙ‡ekx Dcw ’wZ Ges m¤¢vebvi exR wbwnZ wQj, Bs‡iwR

mvwn‡Zï ms¯úk© Zvi iƒc, ixwZ I cÖK…wZ MV‡b mnvqZv K‡i‡Q|


Dcb¨vm m„wói Rb¨ M‡`ï †h mvejxjZv cÖ‡qvRb Zvi Av‡qvRb P‡j Dwbk kZ‡Ki cÖ_g cÂvk eQi a‡i| ZLb

evsjv AÂ‡j msev`c‡Îi Avwef©ve N‡UwQj| Avi M`¨B n‡”Q msev`c‡Îi evnb| 1818 mv‡j evsjv fvlvq cÖ_g

msev`cÎ cÖKv‡ki ci †_‡K mvgvwRK-agx©q ev mgvRms¯‹vig~jK mKj Kg©Kv‡Ði cÖPvi‡ÿÎ n‡q I‡V msev`c‡Îi

c„ôv| ivRv ivg‡gvnb ivq Zuvi ag©-ms¯‹vi Av‡›`vjb‡K †K›`ª K‡i KjKvZvi ZrKvjxb mgvR-Rxe‡b †h we‡ÿvf I

Zi½ m„wó K‡iwQ‡jb, Zvi cÖwZwU NvZ-cÖwZNvZB aiv coj msev`c‡Îi c„ôvq| ïay ZK©-weZK©B bq, †`‡ki ev¯Íe

Rxe‡bi QweI µ‡g msev`c‡Îi c„ôvq D‡V Avm‡Z jvMj| GRb¨ ejv nq, ÔDcb¨v‡mi cÖ_g Lmov msev`c‡Îi

Í‡¤¢B iwPZ n‡q‡QÕ| msev`c‡Îi GB mvgvwRK cÖfve evsjv M‡`ï †Pnviv‡K GKw`‡K †hgb e`‡j w`j, cvkvcvwk

†`k Ry‡o ˆZwi Ki‡jv msev`fzK cvVK-†kªwY| be-D™¢‚Z GB cvVK-†kªwYi Pvwn`vI evsjv fvlvq Dcb¨vm m„wói

†ÿ‡Î cvjb K‡iwQj ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv|

evsjv fvlvi cÖ_g Dcb¨vm wn‡m‡e ¯xKvi K‡i †bqv nq c¨vixPuv` wgÎ iwPZ ÔAvjv‡ji N‡ii `yjvjÕ (1858)-†K|

Ebwesk kZvãxi †KvjKvZv‡Kw›`ªK mvgvwRK Rxe‡bi ev¯Íe eY©bvq, PwiÎ-wPÎ‡Y I gbbkxjZvq ÔAvjv‡ji N‡ii

`yjvjÕ m¤ú~Y© ÎæwUgy³ bv n‡jI evsjv fvlvi cÖ_g Dcb¨vm wn‡m‡e mRxe I cÖvYešÍ|

evsjv fvlvq cvðvZ¨ Av`‡k©i AbyKi‡Y cÖ_g mv_©K Dcb¨vm iPwqZv wn‡m‡e ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨v‡qi bvg me©v‡MÖ

MY¨| 1865 mv‡j ew¼gP‡›`ªi cÖ_g evsjv Dcb¨vm Ô`y‡M©kbw›`bxÕ cÖKvwkZ nq| GwU evsjv mvwn‡Zï cÖ_g mv_©K

Dcb¨vm| Kvwnwb wbg©v‡Y, PwiÎ wPÎ‡Y I fvlvi eënv‡i G Dcb¨v‡m wZwb †h iƒc I ixwZ wba©viY K‡ib, eûw`b

ch©šÍ evsjv Dcb¨vm Zvi evB‡i †h‡Z cv‡iwb| Ô`y‡M©kbw›`bxÕ QvovI ÔKcvjKzÐjvÕ (1866), Ôwele„ÿÕ (1873),

ÔK…òKv‡šÍi DBjÕ (1878), ÔP›`ª‡kLiÕ (1875), ÔAvb›`gVÕ (1882) cÖf…wZ ew¼gP‡›`ªi bvbvgyLx Dcb¨vmcÖwZfvi

¯vÿi enb K‡i| ew¼‡gi mgKv‡j Dcb¨vm iPbv K‡i L¨vwZgvb n‡qwQ‡jb gxi gkviid †nv‡mb| Zuvi iwPZ

Ôwelv`wmÜzÕ (1885-91) evsjv mvwn‡Zï Ab¨Zg †kªô m¤ú`|

ew¼gP‡›`ªi ci evsjv Dcb¨v‡mi mg„w×i †ÿ‡Î iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii Ae`vb me©vwaK| ew¼‡gi Dcb¨v‡m BwZnvm I

mgvR‡PZbvi †h Qwe wQj iex›`ªbv_ Zuvi Dcb¨v‡m AweKj †m Qwe AuvK‡jb bv| cÖv_wgK Ae¯’vq BwZnvm Aej¤‡b

`yÕ-GKwU Dcb¨vm iPbvi cÖ‡Póv ev` w`‡j iex›`ªbv‡_i AwaKvsk Dcb¨vmB mgvR, gb ÍË¡ I ivRbxwZ-wbf©i|

Ô†Pv‡Li evwjÕ (1903), Ô†MvivÕ (1909), ÔN‡i evB‡iÕ (1916), ÔPZzi½Õ (1916), Ô†k‡li KweZvÕ (1929),

Ô†hvMv‡hvMÕ (1929), ÔPvi Aa¨vqÕ (1934) cÖf…wZ iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii AmvaviY Dcb¨vm| cÖK…Zc‡ÿ G mKj

Dcb¨v‡mi ga¨ w`‡qB evsjv Dcb¨vm DcbxZ nq AvšÍR©vwZK gv‡b|

evsjv Dcb¨vm‡K mvaviY cvV‡Ki Kv‡Q RbwcÖq I mgv`„Z K‡i †Zvjvi †ÿ‡Î kirP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨v‡qi f‚wgKvi

†Kv‡bv Zzjbv †bB| iex›`ª-cieZx© GB Jcb¨vwmK evOvwj Rxe‡bi myL-`ytL, nvwm-Kvbœv, Avb›`-†e`bv Amvgvb¨

fw½‡Z Zuvi Dcb¨v‡m wPwÎZ K‡i‡Qb| †mB m‡½ kirP‡›`ªi Dcb¨v‡m hy³ n‡q‡Q `xN©Kv‡ji Ae‡nwjZ bvix-

mgv‡Ri cÖwZ AK…wÎg mnvbyf‚wZ I ì`| mnR, mij, Abvo¤î fvlvi wbcyY Zzwj‡Z kirP›`ª Zuvi Dcb¨v‡mi

cwigÐj iPbv K‡i‡Qb| Zv Qvov wn› y mgv‡Ri bvbv AvPiY Ges ms¯‹v‡ii wPÎI kirP›`ª cig wbôvi m‡½ Zuvi

Dcb¨v‡m wPwÎZ K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi iwPZ ÔP›`ªbv_Õ (1916), ÔcjøxmgvRÕ (1916), ÔkªxKvšÍÕ (Pvi LÐ, 1917-33),

ÔPwiÎnxbÕ (1917), Ô†è`vmÕ (1917), ÔM„n`vn Õ (1920), Ô†`bvcvIbvÕ (1923), Ôc‡_i `vexÕ (1926) cÖf…wZ

Dcb¨vm we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL‡hvM¨|

kirP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨v‡qi ci evsjv Dcb¨vm AR©b K‡i‡Q bvbviƒc êwPÎ¨| Rxeb-wPÎ‡Yi †ÿ‡Î, Dcb¨v‡mi MVb-

†KŠkj wbe©vP‡bi †ÿ‡Î, Rxe‡bvcjwä‡Z I Zvi cÖKv‡k G-mg‡qi Dcb¨vm eûgvwÎK êwPÎ¨ AR©b K‡i‡Q| A‡bK

kw³gvb Jcb¨vwm‡Ki Avwef©v‡e evsjv Dcb¨vm mg„× †_‡K µgk mg„×Zi n‡q‡Q| huv‡ì iPbvi gva¨‡g evsjv

Dcb¨vm AR©b K‡i‡Q GB wmw× Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ b‡ikP›`ª †mb¸ß (1882-1964); wef‚wZf‚lY e‡›`¨vcva¨vq (1894-

1950), Zvivk¼i e‡›`¨vcva¨vq (1898-1971), AwPšÍ¨Kzgvi †mb¸ß (1903-76), †cÖ‡g›`ª wgÎ (1904-88),

gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨vq (1908-56), ey×‡è emy (1908-74), ˆkjRvb›` gy‡Lvcva¨vq (1899-1979), c Ö‡evaKzgvi


mvb¨vj (1905-83), mZxbv_ fv`yox (1906-65), my‡eva †Nvl (1909-80), KgjKzgvi gRyg`vi (1915-79),

m‡šÍvlKzgvi †Nvl (1920-86), ebdzj (1896-1979), mg‡ik emy (1924-1988) cÖgy‡Li bvg we‡klfv‡e

D‡jøL‡hvM¨|

evsjv‡`‡ki Dcb¨vm

evsjv Dcb¨v‡mi Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask nevi ciI A_©‰bwZK, mvgvwRK I ivR‰bwZK Kvi‡Y †KvjKvZv‡Kw›`ªK evsjv

Dcb¨v‡mi Zzjbvq evsjv‡`‡ki Dcb¨vm PwiÎ I wP‡Î ¯Zš¿| b`xgvZ…K evsjv‡`‡ki †fŠ‡MvwjK ev¯ÍeZv, K…wlwbf©i

Rxeb, Rb‡Mvôxi agx©q I mvs¯‹…wZK †eva G AÂ‡ji gvby‡li m‡½ cwðg evsjvi gvby‡li GKwU Awbevh© cv_©K¨

ˆZwi K‡i‡Q| mvZPwjø‡ki †`kwefv‡Mi ga¨ w`‡q evsjv‡`‡ki RbMY †h ¯Zš¿ Rxebaviv AR©b K‡i‡Q g~jZ Zvi

Ici wbf©i K‡iB M‡o D‡V‡Q evsjv‡`‡ki Dcb¨vm| mgKvjxb mgvR, ivRbxwZ I ev Íe Rxeb Dcb¨v‡m hZUv

cÖwZdwjZ nq Ab¨ †Kv‡bv mvwnZ¨-gva¨‡g ZZUv nq bv| †m Kvi‡YB wefvMc~e© I wefv‡MvËi Kv‡ji K‡qK `k‡K

Ges evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv AR©‡bi ga¨ w`‡q evsjv‡`‡ki mgvR Rxe‡b †h cwieZ©b N‡U‡Q, evsjv‡`‡ki Dcb¨v‡m

aiv c‡o‡Q Zvi wbLyuZ Qwe| 1952 mv‡ji fvlv Av‡›`vjb Avgv‡ì RvZxq Rxe‡bi GK cÖfvekvjx NUbv| fvlvi

cÖ‡kœ Ges kwn`‡ì AvZ¥Z¨v‡Mi gva¨‡g †h bZzb †PZbvi mÂvi nj Zv evOvwj Rxeb‡K wb‡q †M‡Q GK my`~icÖmvix

cwieZ©‡bi w`‡K| †m cwieZ©‡bi †Rvqvi ZxeªZi n‡q‡Q Avgv‡ì ¯vwaKvi I ¯vaxbZv Av‡›`vj‡bI| Gi cwiYvg

wn‡m‡e `xN© bq gv‡mi i³ÿqx Av‡›`vjb I msMÖv‡gi ga¨ w`‡q evOvwj wQwb‡q Av‡b ¯vaxbZvi iw³g m~h©| G mKj

NUbv evsjv‡`‡ki mgvR I RbRxe‡b †h cÖwZwµqv m„wó K‡iwQj, evOvwji †PZbvq †h bZzb ¯ú›`b m„wó K‡iwQj,

ZviB cÖwZdjb jÿ Kiv hvq evsjv‡`‡ki Dcb¨v‡m| Zvi GKw`‡K K…wlwfwËK cwjøRxeb Aciw`‡K AvaywbK Ø‡›Ø

cwic~Y© bvMwiK Rxeb; GKw`‡K evsjv‡`‡ki Hk¦h©gq ewntcÖK…wZi eY©bv, Aciw`‡K AvaywbK gvby‡li RwUj

gb ÍvwË¡K we‡kølY; GKw`‡K cÖvPxb HwZ‡nï cÖwZ AvKl©Y, Aciw`‡K †ivgvw›UK Kíbvi wejvm; GKw`‡K ¯vaxbZv

msMÖv‡gi weÿ zä cUf‚wgKvq gvby‡li Aw ’iZv, Aciw`‡K ü`‡qi wPišÍb c‡U cÖwZwôZ †cÖwgK gvbyl ÑmeB

evsjv‡`‡ki Dcb¨v‡m cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|

evsjv‡`‡ki Dcb¨v‡mi aviv we‡kølY K‡i †`Lv hvq, GLv‡b Dcb¨vm †Kv‡bv c×wZMZ avivevwnKZvq iwPZ nqwb|

d‡j bvbv wel‡q bvbv ai‡bi Dcb¨vm †`L‡Z cvIqv hvq| bvbv welq I fw½‡Z iwPZ evsjv‡`‡ki Dcb¨vm¸‡jv‡K

cwiwPwZi myweav‡_© wb¤œwjwLZ avivq wef³ Kiv hvq|

1. MÖvgxY Rxe‡bi cUf‚wgKvq iwPZ Dcb¨vm

ˆmq` IqvjxDjøvni ÔjvjmvjyÕ, ÔKuv‡`v b`x Kuv‡`vÕ, Avey Bmnv‡Ki Ôm~h©`xNj evoxÕ, mi`vi R‡qbDÏx‡bi ÔAvw`MšÍÕ,

Rwni ivqnv‡bi ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ, Avãyj Mvd&dvi †PŠayixi ÔP›`ªØx‡ci DcvL¨vbÕ, KvRx Avdmvi DwÏ‡bi ÔPi fvOv

PiÕ, kIKZ Imgv‡bi ÔRbbxÕ, Aveyj gbmyi Avng‡ì ÔAv‡envqvZÕ G avivi iPbv|

2. bMiRxe‡bi cUf‚wgKvq iwPZ Dcb¨vm

Aveyj dR‡ji ÔRxeb c‡_i hvÎxÕ, iwk` Kwi‡gi ÔDËg cyiælÕ I ÔcÖmbœ cvlvYÕ, Avey iæk‡ì Ômvg‡b bZzb w`bÕ,

Ô†Wvev nj `xwNÕ I Ô†bvOiÕ, w`jviv nv‡k‡gi ÔNi gb RvbvjvÕ, AvgRv` †nv‡m‡bi ÔAmvgvwRK KvwnbxÕ, bxwjgv

Beªvwn‡gi Ôwek kZ‡Ki †g‡qÕ, Avnmvb nvex‡ei ÔAiY¨ bxwjgvÕ, Avãyj Mvd&dvi †PŠayixi Ôbvg bv Rvbv †fviÕ G

avivi D`vniY|

3. bMi I MÖv‡gi cUf‚wgKvq iwPZ Dcb¨vm

AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv‡ì Ôÿzav I AvkvÕ, knx`yjøv Kvqmv‡ii ÔmskßKÕ, mi`vi R‡qbDwÏ‡bi ÔA‡bK m~‡h©i AvkvÕ,

Aveyj gbmyi Avng‡ì ÔRxebÿzavÕ, Aveyj dR‡ji ÔivOv cÖfvZÕ, Av‡bvqvi cvkvi Ôbxo mÜvbxÕ BZ¨vw`|

4. AvÂwjK RxebwPÎ cÖavb Dcb¨vm

AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv‡ì ÔKY©dzjxÕ, ZvmvÏyK †nv‡m‡bi Ôgûqvi †`‡kÕ, knx`yjøv Kvqmv‡ii Ômv‡is †eŠÕ, kvgmywÏb

Aveyj Kvjv‡gi ÔKvke‡bi Kb¨vÕ I ÔKvÂbgvjvÕ, mi`vi R‡qbDwÏ‡bi ÔcvbœvgwZÕ BZ¨vw`|


5. gb ÍË¡ I `vk©wbK †PZbvmg„× Dcb¨vm

AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv‡ì Ô†ZBk b¤î ˆZjwPÎÕ I Ôkx‡Zi †kl ivZ em‡šÍi cÖ_g w`bÕ, ivwRqv Lv‡bi ÔeUZjvi

Dcb¨vmÕ I ÔAbyKíÕ, ˆmq` kvgmyj n‡Ki Ô†`qv‡ji †`kÕ, ÔGK gwnjvi QweÕ, ÔAbycg w`bÕ I Ômxgvbv Qvwo‡qÕ,

ˆmq` IqvjxDjøvni ÔPuv‡ì Agvem¨vÕ, kIKZ Avjxi Ôwc½j AvKvkÕ BZ¨vw`|

6. HwZnvwmK †PZbv-mg„× Dcb¨vm

kvgmywÏb Aveyj Kvjv‡gi ÔAvjg bM‡ii DcK_vÕ, mi`vi R‡qbDwÏ‡bi Ôbxj iOÕ, Avey Rvdi kvgmyÏx‡bi

ÔfvIqvj M‡oi DcvL¨vbÕ, ÔcÙv †gNbv hgybvÕ, m‡Z¨b †m‡bi ÔAwfkß bMixÕ BZ¨vw` Dcb¨vm HwZnvwmK avivi

iPbv|

nvRvi eQi a‡i : Dcb¨vm I Jcb¨vwmK

Rwni ivqnvb (1935-1972) wQ‡jb bvbvgyLx cÖwZfvi AwaKvix| Jcb¨vwmK, †QvUMíKvi, wPÎcwiPvjK Ges

wPÎcÖ‡hvRK wn‡m‡e mgKv‡j Ges AvRI Rwni ivqnv‡bi myL¨vwZ i‡q‡Q| XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq evsjv wefv‡Mi QvÎ

_vKvKv‡jB wZwb †jLK wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ n‡q I‡Vb| ïiæ‡Z wKQyw`b mvsevw`KZvi m‡½ RwoZ _vK‡jI g~jZ wZwb

Avg„Zz¨ Pjw”P‡Îi m‡½ RwoZ wQ‡jb| evsjv‡`‡ki Pjw”P‡Î Rwni ivqnvb †h KzkjZvi cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb Zvi Zzjbv

myjf bq| ¯vaxbZv hy‡×i mg‡q cvwK Ívwb evwnbxi ee©i AZ¨vPvi I gvbeZvi †h Aegvbbvi K_v wZwb †mjyj‡q‡W

e›`x K‡i †i‡L‡Qb, Zv Avgv‡ì gyw³hy‡×i GK wbf©i‡hvM¨ I Amvgvb¨ `wjj| mvwnZ¨ iPbvi ïiæ‡Z wZwb MíKvi

wn‡m‡e Avwef©~Z n‡jI Dcb¨vm iPbv‡ZB Zuvi mvdj¨ me©vwaK| Pjw”P‡Îi m‡½ RwoZ wQ‡jb e‡jB Rwni ivqnv‡bi

AwaKvsk Dcb¨v‡m Pjw”P‡Îi Kvwnwb-wbg©vY I msjvc-c×wZ cÖejfv‡e wµqvkxj †`Lv hvq| Gi d‡j Zuvi

Dcb¨vm¸‡jv GKwU Zvrch©c~Y© bZzb wkífw½‡Z wbwg©Z n‡q‡Q| Zuvi Dcb¨vm¸‡jv‡Z jÿ Kiv hvq mgvR, ivRbxwZ

I gvbeZvev`x `„wófw½ †_‡K Rxeb m¤ú‡K© KZK¸‡jv †gŠwjK cÖkœ| †m cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi nq‡Zv †jLK cÖ`vb

K‡ibwb, wKš‘ cvV‡Ki gb‡K bZzb wPšÍvi m~Î cÖ`vb Ki‡Z mg_© n‡q‡Qb|

ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨vmwU cÖKvwkZ nq 1964 mv‡j| Gi Av‡M Zuvi MíMÖš’ Ôm~h©MÖnYÕ (1965) Ges GKwU

Dcb¨vm Ô†kl we‡K‡ji †g‡qÕ (1960) cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj| ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨vmwU‡Z †jLK e ‘Z nvRvi

eQ‡ii wb Íi½ wKš‘ cÖengvb MÖvg-evsjv‡K g~j cÖwZcv`¨ wn‡m‡e Dc ’vcb Ki‡jb| Dcb¨vmwUi bvgKi‡Yi †ÿ‡Î

wZwb Rxebvb›` `v‡ki GKwU KweZvi PiY †_‡K FY MÖnY K‡i‡Qb e‡j g‡b nq (nvRvi eQi a‡i Avwg c_

nuvwU‡ZwQ)| Uzwb, gš‘, Avw¤qv, ey‡ov gKeyj ÑGiv †Kej GK-GKwU PwiÎB bq, GK wekvj e¨vß mg‡qi cÖwZwbwa|

ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Rwni ivqnv‡bi Ab¨Zg †kÖô iPbv| evsjv‡`‡ki MÖvgxY ev ÍeZvi `xN© cwimi‡K Jcb¨vwmK Zuvi

iPbvi cUf‚wg wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| †h MÖvgxY Rxeb ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡mi cUf‚wg, †mLv‡b cÖej †Kv‡bv

PjgvbZv †bB| cÖ_ve×, wb¯Íi½, Dbœqbwenxb MÖvgxY ev¯ÍeZv Ges MÖv‡gi mnR mij cÖvq wbiÿi gvby‡li RxebmZ¨

D‡V G‡m‡Q ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡m| wKš‘ †jLK cðvrc` mgvR-eë ’vi bvbv Am½wZi g‡aÏ Lyu‡R †c‡Z

†Póv K‡i‡Qb wPiKv‡ji gvbweK Av‡eM I Zvi cÖvYgq ¯ú›`b| G Dcb¨v‡m †jLK †Kv‡bv kw³kvjx PwiÎ m„wó

wKsev Pwi‡Îi DÌvb-cZb bv †`wL‡q mÜvb K‡i‡Qb Rxe‡bi ALÐiƒc| Avi †m ALÐ iƒ‡ci GK GKwU DcKiY

wn‡m‡e ey‡ov gKeyj, myiZ Avjx, Qwgi †kL, Mby †gvjøv, ikx`, Ave`yj, gš‘, Uzwb, Avw¤^qv, nvwjgv, nxib, mv‡jnv,

Av‡gbv, dv‡Zgv cÖf…wZ PwiÎ eëüZ n‡q‡Q| MÖv‡gi H mKj gvby‡li Rxe‡b NUbvi †Zgb †Kv‡bv êwPÎ¨ †bB|

AwZ mvaviY Zv‡ì PvIqv-cvIqv| Zv‡ì Rxe‡bi w`MšÍ cÖmvwiZ bq, Zv‡ì Rxe‡bi wPim½x `vwi`ª¨, Cl©v, Kjn

Avi AeyS fv‡jvevmv| Rwni ivqnvb Rxe‡bi wPišÍbZvi wek¦ Í Qwe Gu‡K‡Qb GB Dcb¨v‡m| mvgšÍ mgv‡Ri bvbv

ÎæwU-wePz¨wZ, bvixi cÖwZ cyiæ‡li †kvlY, eÂbv I AZ¨vPv‡ii wPÎ A¼‡b Rwni ivqnvb mv_©KZvi cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb|

ey‡ov gKeyj hLb †Rvov eD‡K †X uwKi Ic‡i Zz‡j w`‡q ivZ †R‡M avb fv‡b, ZLb cv‡ki evwoi Avw¤qvi †h Mvb

†f‡m Av‡m, Zvi ga¨ w`‡qB †hb mgv‡Ri gyw³nxb KvivMv‡i ew›` bvixRxe‡bi k~b¨Zv, APwiZv_©Zv, e¨_©Zv I hš¿Yv

cÖKvwkZ nq : Ô¯‡cœ AvB‡jv ivRvi Kzgvi ¯‡cœ †M‡jv PBjv‡i| `y‡ì g‡Zv my›ì Kzgvi wKQy bv †M‡jv eBjv‡i|Õ


Dcb¨v‡m †kvlYg~jK, cyiælZvwš¿K mgvReë ’v bvix‡K fvievnx cï‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ K‡i‡Q| G †hb my¯’ Rxe‡bi

wecix‡Z gvbeZvi GK KiæY civRq|

MÖvgxY Rxe‡bi wbôzi ev ÍeZvi Qwe A¼‡bi cvkvcvwk Jcb¨vwmK G Dcb¨v‡mi ga¨ w`‡q Rxe‡bi Avengvb I

wPiKvjxb iƒcwUI mÜvb K‡i‡Qb| wb Íi½, NUbvwenxb GK‡Nu‡q Rxe‡bi g‡a¨ gš‘, Uzwb, Avw¤qv ev ey‡ov gKeyj

Pwi‡Îi MwZkxjZv Dcb¨vmwU‡K cÖvYešÍ K‡i Zz‡j‡Q|

Rwni ivqnv‡bi Ab¨vb¨ Dcb¨v‡mi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q : ÔAv‡iK dvêybÕ (1968), Ôeid Mjv b`xÕ (1969) I ÔAvi

KZw`bÕ (1970) BZ¨vw`|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb : eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ

1. c„w_exi mKj mvwn‡Zï Avwìƒc †KvbwU?

K. KweZv L. Dcb¨vm

M. gnvKve¨ N. MxwZKve¨

2. kirP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨v‡qi Dcb¨v‡m †h mgv‡Ri ms¯‹vi dz‡U D‡V‡QÑ

K. †eŠ× L. wn›`y

M. ‰Rb N. evnvB

wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU coyb Ges 3 I 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi w`b :

gvbe Rxeb wewPÎ AwfÁZvi mgvnvi| G Rxe‡b Av‡Q myL-`ytL, Avb›`-†e`bv, cÖvwß-AcÖvwß, mvdj¨-e¨_©Zv,

fvjevmv-N„Yv| gvbe Rxe‡bi GB wµqv-cÖwZwµqv¸‡jv eY©bvZ¥K ixwZ‡Z M`¨ fvlvq mvwn‡Zï GKwU we‡kl

kvLvq Dc ’vwcZ nq|

3. DÏxc‡Ki e³e¨wU mvwn‡Zï †Kvb kvLv‡K wb‡`©k K‡i?

K. Dcb¨vm L. bvUK

M. gnvKve¨ N. MxwZKweZv

4. DÏxcK I Avcbvi cwVZ AskwUi wgj i‡q‡Q †h wel‡qÑ

K. Rxeb iƒcvq‡Y L. Rxe‡bi AwfÁZvq

M. Rxe‡b cÖwZôvq N. Rxe‡b AatcZ‡b


nvRvi eQi a‡i

Rwni ivqnvb

cvVwfwËK D‡Ïk¨


Dcb¨vmwUi cUf‚wg ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

cÖavb `y‡Uv Pwi‡Îi cÖv_wgK cwiPq ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

mvaviY gvby‡li Rxe‡b †jvK-wek¦v‡mi f‚wgKv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

MÖv‡gi bvix-mgv‡Ri Kg©wK¬ó Rxe‡bi cwiPq w`‡Z cvi‡eb|

g Í eo ARM‡ii g‡Zv moKUv Gu‡K‡eu‡K P‡j †M‡Q we¯ ÍxY© avb †L‡Zi gvSLvb w`‡q|

†gvNjvB moK|

†jv‡K e‡j, †gvNj ev`kvn AvIi½‡R‡ei nv‡Z aiv coevi f‡q kvn myRv hLb AvivKvb cvwj‡q hvw”Q‡jv ZLb

hvevi c‡_ K‡qK nvRvi gRyi LvwU‡q ˆZwi K‡i wM‡qwQ‡jv GB moK|

`ycv‡k Zvi AmsL¨ eUMvQ| AmsL¨ kvLv-cÖkvLv we Ívi K‡i mM‡e© ùvwo‡q i‡q‡Q †mB `xN©Kvj a‡i| Iiv GB

mo‡Ki wPiš Íb cÖnix|

Kzwgjøv †_‡K PÆMÖvg|

PÆMÖvg †_‡K Kzwgjøv|

gv‡S gv‡S avb †LZ m‡i †M‡Q `~‡i| `yav‡i ïay Adziš Í Rjvf‚wg| A_B cvwb| †kIjv Avi ev`ve‡bi duv‡K duv‡K

gv_v `ywj‡q bv‡P AMwYZ kvcjvi dzj|

†fvi n‡Z Av‡kcv‡ki Muv‡qi †Q‡j-ey‡oviv Qy‡U Av‡m GLv‡b| GK eyK cvwb‡Z †b‡g kvcjv †Zv‡j Iiv| ˆn-û‡j øvo

Avi gvivgvwi K‡i, MvjvMvj †`q G‡K Ab¨‡K| evRv‡i ì Av‡Q kvcjvi| GK AuvwU Pvi cqmv K‡i|

wKš‘ Gg‡bv A‡b‡K GLv‡b kvcjv Zzj‡Z Av‡m, evRv‡i wewµ K‡i cqmv †ivRMvi Kiv hv‡ì B‡”Q bq|

gš‘ Avi Uzwb I‡ìB `‡j|

Iiv Av‡m aj-cn‡ii Av‡M, hLb c~e© AvKv‡ki ïKZviv I‡V| Zvi Clr Av‡jvq c_ wP‡b wb‡q Pzwc Pzwc Av‡m

Iiv| iv‡Z wkwk‡i †fRv Nv‡mi weQvbv gvwo‡q Iiv Av‡m ax‡i ax‡i| Uzwb WvOvq ùvwo‡q _v‡K|

gš‘ †b‡g hvq cvwb‡Z|

Zvici, A‡bK¸‡jv kvcjv Zz‡j wb‡q, Ab¨ mevB G‡m covi A‡bK Av‡M †mLvb †_‡K m‡i c‡o Iiv|

cwii `xwNi cv‡o `yR‡b wKQyÿY wekªvg †bq| kvcjvi Mv‡q †j‡M _vKv Auvk¸‡jv †e‡Q cwi®‹vi K‡i|

gš‘ e‡j, ey‡ov hw` Rv‡b †Zvgv‡i Avgv‡i gvBiv dvjvB‡ev|

Uzwb e‡j, Bm&, eyovi bvK KvBUv w`gy bv|

bvK KvBU‡j ey‡ov hw` gBiv hvq?

gBi‡j †Zv euvwP| e‡j wdK K‡i †n‡m †`q Uzwb, e‡j, cvwLi g‡Zv DBov Avwg ev‡ci evwo PBjv hvgy|

e‡j Avevi nv‡m, †m nvwm Avðh© GK myi Zz‡j cwii `xwNi Pvi cv‡o cÖwZaŸwbZ nq|

G `xwN GKKv‡j GLv‡b wQ‡jv bv|

cvV-2

g~jcvV


Av‡kcv‡ki Muv‡qi †Q‡j-ey‡ov‡ì cÖkœ Ki‡j Zviv gy‡L gy‡L e‡j †`q G `xwNi BwZnvm| †KD †Pv‡L †`‡Lwb, mevB

ï‡b‡Q| †KD ï‡b‡Q Zvi evevi KvQ †_‡K| Zvi evev †R‡b‡Q Zvi `v`vi KvQ †_‡K| Avi Zvi `v`v ï‡b‡Q ZviI

`v`vi KvQ †_‡K|

†m A‡bK eQi Av‡M|

ZLb moK wQ‡jv bv| wKQyB wQ‡jv bv GLv‡b| ïay gvV, gvV Avi gvV| mxgvnxb cÖvš Íi| êkvLx c~wY©gv iv‡Z cwiiv

†b‡g Avm‡Zv GB c„w_ex‡Z | Iiv bvP‡Zv, MvB‡Zv, †Lj‡Zv|

jvj cwi, bxj cwi Avi meyR cwi| cwi‡ì A‡b‡Ki bvgI Rvbv Av‡Q G Muv‡qi †jv‡Ki| cyuw_‡Z †jLv Av‡Q me|

GKw`b nVvr cwi‡ì †Lqvj nj, GKUv `xwN KvU‡e| hvi cvwb‡Z g‡bi Avb‡›` muvZvi KvU‡Z cvi‡e Iiv| Wze

w`‡q cvwb wQwU‡q, B‡”Qg‡Zv ˆn-û‡j øvo Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

†hB wPš Ív †mB KvR|

AvKvk †_‡K LšÍv †Kv`vj Avi gwU †djevi Szwo wb‡q G‡jv Iiv|

êkvLx c~wY©gvi ivZ|

iƒ‡cvwj †RvQbvi w œ» Av‡jvq f‡iwQ‡jv GB mxgvnxb cÖvš Íi| `wÿ‡Yi g„`y evZvm gyLwiZ n‡q D‡VwQ‡jv cwi‡ì

nvwmi kã|

K_vq Mv‡b Avi Kv‡R|

ivZ †fvi nevi Av‡M `xwN KvUv n‡q †M‡jv|

cvZvj †_‡K KjKj k‡ã cvwb D‡V f‡i †M‡jv `xwN|

†mB `xwN|

Zv‡K †K›`ª K‡i M‡o D‡V‡Q MÖvg| GK bq, A‡bK|

Mfxi iv‡Z acvm acvm †XuwKi k‡ã MgMg K‡i MÖvg¸‡jv|

†Rvov eD‡K †XuwKi Ic‡i Zz‡j w`‡q ivZ †R‡M avb fv‡b ey‡ov gKeyj| wcw`‡gi wkLvUv †XuwKi Zv‡j Zv‡j g„`y

Kuv‡c|

gKeyj ag‡K I‡V eD‡ì, wK, Mv‡q kw³ bvB? GZ Av‡¯ Í K¨vb| Av‡iv †Rv‡i Pvc `vI bv, nuy| Ggbfv‡e M‡R© I‡V

gKeyj, †hb †L‡Z jvOj †Vj‡Z wM‡q †ivMv wjKwj‡K Miæ †Rvov‡K agKv‡”Q †m| ûu, nU nU| ûu, Av‡iv †Rv‡i|

Av‡iv †Rv‡i| agK †L‡q †XuwK‡Z Av‡iv †Rv‡i Pvc †`q Iiv| Uzwb Avi Av‡gbv| cv‡ki evwo †_‡K Avw¤qvi Mvb

†kvbv hvq| Ô¯‡cœ AvB‡jv ivRvi Kzgvi, ¯‡cœ †M‡jv PBjv‡i| y‡ai g‡Zv my›ì Kzgvi wKQy bv †M‡jv eBjv‡iÕ|

†XuwK‡Z Po‡jB Mvb MvIqvi mL Pv‡c Avw¤qvi| m‡Z‡iv AvVv‡iv eQi eqm n‡q‡Q, wKš‘ GL‡bv we‡q nqwb Ii|

AvuUmvuU †`‡ni Lvu‡P Lvu‡P `yišÍ †hŠeb, AvU-nvwZ kvwoi evuab †f‡½ †d‡U co‡Z Pvq| †Pnvivq gvayh© Av‡Q| †PvL

†Rvov eo †ewk Zxÿè| †XuwK‡Z Po‡j, †XuwK‡K Avi myL †`q bv I| GZ `ªæZ Zv‡j avb fvb‡Z _v‡K, g‡b nq

†XuwKUvB eywS †d‡U †PŠwPi n‡q hv‡e|

avb fvbv †kl n‡j Mv‡q ì ì Nvg bv‡g Ii| GKUv PvUvB‡qi Ici j¤^v n‡q ï‡q †Rv‡i k¦vm †bq Avw¤qv|

†XuwKi cv‡k e‡m GB gyn~‡Z© evievi Avw¤qvi K_v g‡b cowQ‡jv ey‡ov gKey‡ji| ùvZ gyL wLu‡P eD‡ì Avevi agK

gvij I ïbQwb, Avw¤qv †Kgb acvm acvm KBiv avb evBbZv‡Q| Avi †Zviv, wKQy bv, e‡j evi K‡qK gvwU‡Z _yZy

†dj‡jv gKeyj| euv nv‡Z Kcv‡ji Nvg¸‡jv gy‡Q wb‡jv †m|

`vIqvi Icv‡k wcw`g nv‡Z ùvwo‡q uvwo‡q me †`LwQ‡jv dwK‡ii gv| †mLvb †_‡K ej‡jv, Avnv gKeyj! eD¸‡jvi

eywS GB iv‡Zi‡ejvI Avi kvwš Í w`we bv ZzB| mvivw`b †Zv LuvUvBQm, Gnb GB `ycyi ivB‡ZIÑ, e‡j Uzwb Avi

Av‡gbvi Rb¨ Avd‡mvm Ki‡Z Ki‡Z wb‡Ri N‡i P‡j †M‡jv I|

G evwo‡Z †gvU AvU Ni †jv‡Ki evm|

mvg‡b by‡q cov †QvU †QvU Ni¸‡jv GKUvi m‡½ Av‡iKUv jvMv‡bv| euv‡ki ˆZwi †eovi fvOv Ask¸‡jv ZvjcvZv

w`‡q †gvovb| Pvjvi ’v‡b ¯’v‡b LoKz‡Uv D‡V dz‡Uv n‡q †M‡Q| w`‡bi m~h© Avi iv‡Zi Puv` G‡m GKevi K‡i †m

dz‡Uv w`‡q DuwK †g‡i hvq N‡ii †fZ‡i| Avg KuvVvj cvwU cvZv Avi †eZvK e‡b †Niv evwoi Pvicvk| gv‡S gv‡S


wbe©vwPZ k‡ãi A_© I UxKv :

†gvMj ev`kvn AvIi½‡Re : fvi‡Z †gvNj mvgªvR¨ cÖwZwôZ nq 1526 mv‡j| mgªvU evei wQ‡jb Gi cÖwZôvZv|

eve‡ii ci AvKei fviZe‡l©i wmsnvm‡b AwawôZ nb| AvKe‡ii cyÎ Rvnv½x‡ii gyZzï ci kvnRvnvb wmsnvm‡b

e‡mb| wKš‘ kvnRvnv‡bi g„Zzï Av‡MB Zvi cyÎ‡ì g‡a¨ wmsnvm‡bi DËivwaKvi wb‡q †Mvj‡hvM Dcw ’Z nq| †mB

†Mvj‡hv‡Mi g‡a¨ AvIi½‡Re Zvi Ab¨vb¨ fvB †hgb `viv, myRv cÖgyL‡K hy‡× ev K‚U‡KŠk‡j nvwi‡q w`‡q †gvNj

wmsnvm‡b AwawôZ nb| AvIi½‡R‡ei Rb¥ 1618 mv‡j Ges wZwb 1658 mv‡j me©‡kl kw³gvb †gvNj mgªvU

wn‡m‡e wmsnvm‡b AwawôZ wQ‡jb|

AvivKvb eZ©gv‡b gvqvbgv‡ii Aš ÍM©Z GKwU cÖ‡`k| AvqZ †PvL UvbvUvbv †PvL| NvB AvNvZ| PuvUvB

†nvMjvi cvZv ev euv‡ki PUv w`‡q evbv‡bv Avmb we‡kl| wPišÍb wPiKvjxb; wPiKvje¨vcx| kvnmyRv

AvIi½‡R‡ei fvB Ges mgªvU kvnRvnv‡bi cyÎ| ev`veb Pvl bv nIqv R½jhy³ RvqMv| welv` ¯v` †bB Ggb|

ïKZviv m~h© IVvi Av‡M c~e© AvKv‡k Ges m~h©v‡¯ Íi c‡i cwðg AvKv‡k †h bÿÎ †`Lv hvq| cyuw_ nv‡Z †jLv

cyi‡bv w`‡bi MÖš’| wcw`g cÖ`xc kãwUi AvÂwjK iƒc| cy‡ei mv‡i c~e© w`‡Ki mvwi‡Z| ZwíZív weQvbvcÎ

Ges Ab¨vb¨ wRwb‡mi MuvU; †cuvUjv-cyuUwj| wb‡f©Rvj †fRvjnxb| ajcni †fvi nIqvi Av‡M hLb iv‡Zi

AÜKvi †f` K‡i GKUy GKUz K‡i Av‡jv dzU‡Z _v‡K|

mvims‡ÿc :

Kw_Z Av‡Q, Kzwgjøv †_‡K PÆMÖvg ch©šÍ `xN© moKwU ˆZwi K‡iwQ‡jb kvn myRv| mo‡Ki cv‡ki Rjvf‚wg‡Z dz‡U

_v‡K AmsL¨ kvcjv dzj| †fvi bv n‡ZB Avkcv‡ki Muv †_‡K †Q‡j-ey‡ov A‡b‡KB Av‡m kvcjv Zzj‡Z| gš‘ Avi

Uzwb kvcjv Zzj‡Z Av‡m Avb›` cvevi Rb¨| gš‘ Uzwb‡K fq †`Lvq Zv‡ì GB jywK‡q kvcjv †Zvjvi e¨vcviwU hw`

ey‡ov gKeyj Rvb‡Z cv‡i Z‡e wec` n‡e| †h cwii `xwNi cv‡o e‡m Uzwb Avi gš‘ wekªvg †bq Avkcv‡ki MÖv‡gi

†jv‡K‡ì aviYv, †Kv‡bv GK êkvwL c~wY©gviv‡Z AvKvk †_‡K cwiiv †b‡g G‡m GK iv‡Zi g‡a¨ †K‡UwQ‡jv †m

`xwN| D‡Ïk¨ wQ‡jv, `xwNi cvwb‡Z †b‡g Avb›` Kiv| GB cwii `xwN‡K †K›`ª K‡iB M‡o D‡V‡Q A‡bK¸‡jv MÖvg|

†gvU AvUNi †jv‡Ki evm gKeyj‡ì evwo‡Z| †QvU †QvU Ni, euvk Avi ZvjcvZvi ˆZwi Ñ GKUvi m‡½ Av‡iKUv

jvMv‡bv| cy‡ei mv‡i DË‡ii NiUv gKey‡ji| evwoi Ab¨ mevi †P‡q Zvi Ae¯’v wKwÂr fv‡jv| ZvB we‡qI K‡i‡Q

wZb wZbUv| eo eD Av‡gbvÑ Kv‡jv, †gvUv Avi †eu‡U; eqm wÎ‡ki †KvVvq| †gR eD dv‡Zgv Ñ †ivMv, n¨vsjv Avi

j¤^v| mevi †QvU UzwbÑ Mv‡qi is Kv‡jv, wQcwQ‡c †`n| eqm †Zi-†PŠÏi KvQvKvwQ| wZb eD Avi eo eD

Av‡gbvi †g‡q nxib‡K wb‡q gKey‡ji msmvi| eD‡ì w`‡q †m PvUvB †evbvq, avb gvovB Kivq, Rwg Pvl Kivq,

†L‡Zi †`Lvïbv Kivq| gKey‡ji cv‡ki NiUv dwK‡ii gv‡qi; Zvi cv‡kiUv Avey‡ji; Zvi cv‡k iwk‡ì Ni|

mevi `wÿ‡Yi †QvU NiUvq _v‡K gš‘| GKv gvbyl| †jv‡K e‡j gš‘ Lye GK¸‡q Avi e`‡gRvwR; wKš‘ Uzwb e‡j,

Agb gvwUi gvbyl Avi nq bv| cwð‡gi mv‡i `wÿ‡Yi NiUv gbyi; Zvi cv‡k myiZ Avjx Avi mevi †k‡l wb‡f©Rvj

gvbyl Mby †gvjøvi Ni|


5. cuyw_ Kx?

K. †gwk‡b Qvcv cyi‡bv w`‡bi cy¯ÍK L. nv‡Z †jLv AvaywbK Kv‡ji cy ÍK

M. nv‡Z †jLv cyi‡bv w`‡bi cy¯ÍK N. †gwk‡b Qvcv AvaywbK Kv‡ji cy ÍK

6. Ô¯‡cœ AvB‡jv ivRvi KzgviÕ ¯‡cœ †Mj PBjv‡i `y‡ai g‡Zv my›ì Kzgvi, wKQz bv †Mj eBjv‡i|Õ Avw¤qvi MvbwU‡Z

cÖKvk †c‡q‡QÑ

K. Avkv L. nZvkv M. Avb›` N. Aby‡kvPbv


Uzwb gyL Kv‡jv K‡i Pzc n‡q _v‡K wKQyÿY, Zvici e‡j, K¨vb fzBjv †MQ eywS?

gš‘i nVvr g‡b c‡o hvq| †eovi m‡½ †Svjvb gvQ aivi RvjUvi w`‡K ZvwK‡q Av‡¯ Í K‡i e‡j, AÑgvQ ai‡Z?

hvBev bv? mcÖkœ `„wó‡Z Ii w`‡K ZvwK‡q _v‡K Uzwb|

gš‘ †n‡m e‡j, hvgy hvgy| wKš‘ ciÿ‡Y wPwšÍZ n‡q c‡o †m, ey‡ov hw` †Ui cvq ZvB‡j wKš‘K Rv‡b gvBiv

dvjvB‡ev|

nVvr wdK K‡i †n‡m †`q Uzwb| gvBi‡i WivI bvwK?

gš‘ †m K_vi Reve bv w`‡j Uzwb e‡j, fvZ LvBQ?

bv! Zzwg LvBQ?

ûu| Zzwg wMqv LvBqv Avm hvI| Rjw` KBiv AvB‡mv| weQvbvUv Avevi ¸wU‡q †i‡L †eovi m‡½ †Svjvb RvjUv

gvwU‡Z bvwg‡q †bq gš‘|

I Ni †_‡K Av‡gbvi WvK †kvbv hvq, Uzwb wewe KB †Mjv, LvB‡Z Avn!

Avwn, e‡j †mLvb †_‡K P‡j hvq Uzwb|

AvRKvj iv‡Zi †ejv Av‡gbvi N‡i †kvq gKeyj| Uzwb _v‡K cv‡ki N‡i| Av‡M, dv‡Zgv Avi Iiv `yR‡b GKm‡½

_vK‡Zv| gvmLv‡bK nj dv‡Zgv ev‡ci evwo †M‡Q| GLb Uzwb GKv| iv‡Zi‡ejv B‡”Qg‡Zv †hLv‡b Lywk Ny‡i

†eov‡jI aievi Dcvq †bB| ivZ †R‡M gvQ aivUv B`vwbs GKUv †bkv n‡q †M‡Q I‡ì| NyUNy‡U AÜKvi iv‡Z

MÖv‡gi G cyKzi †_‡K Ab¨ cyKz‡i Rvj †g‡i †eovq Iiv| nv‡Z GKUv UzKwi wb‡q m‡½ m‡½ _v‡K Uzwb| Rv‡j IVv

gvQ¸‡jv Ii g‡a¨ f‡i iv‡L|

ci cyKz‡ii gvQ ai‡Z wM‡q mg¯ Í mgq mRvM _vK‡Z nq I‡ì| Pvicv‡k `„wó ivL‡Z nq| GKw`b cÖvq aiv c‡o

wM‡qwQ‡jv yR‡b| Rwgi gywÝi eo cyKz‡i gvQ ai‡Z wM‡qwQ‡jv †mw`b| AvKv‡k Puv` wQ‡jv wKš‘ Puv`bx wQ‡jv bv|

Kv‡jv †g‡N †Q‡q wQ‡jv cy‡iv AvKvkUv|

GK nuvUz cvwb‡Z †b‡g RvjUv‡K mš Íc©‡Y Qyu‡o w`‡qwQ‡jv †m| cyKz‡ii gvSLvbUv‡Z| kã nqwb †gv‡UI| wKš‘ cyKzi

cvo †_‡K †Rvi Mjvq AvIqvR †kvbv †M‡jv, †K †K Rvj gv‡i cyKz‡i?

GK nuvUz cvwb †_‡K bxi‡e GK Mjv cvwb‡Z †b‡e †M‡jv gš‘| Uzwb ZZÿ‡Y GKUv †Suv‡ci Avov‡j jywK‡q c‡o‡Q|

Rwgi gywÝi nv‡Zi UP©Uv we`y¨r‡Ø‡M Qy‡U †M‡jv cyKz‡ii Gcvi †_‡K Icv‡i| g‡b g‡b evi evi †Lv`v‡K WvKwQ‡jv

gš‘, †Lv`v ZzwgB me|

GKUz c‡i cv‡oi Icvi †_‡K Uzwbi Pvcv Mjvi AvIqvR cvIqv †M‡jv, GB DBVv Avn| gywÝ PBjv †M‡Q| e‡j

wLjwLj k‡ã †n‡m I‡V †m| Ii nvwmi k‡ã iv‡M mg¯Í †`nUv R¡vjv K‡i D‡V‡Q gš‘i| Ggb mg‡q gvbyl nvm‡Z

cv‡i?

Zvici †_‡K, Av‡iv mveavb n‡q †M‡Q gš‘| Mby †gvj øvi KvQ †_‡K wZb Avbv cqmv LiP K‡i GKUv †Rvi`vi

ZvweR wb‡q‡Q †m| iv‡Z weiv‡Z Muv‡qi cyKz‡i gvQ a‡i †eov‡bv, wec` Avc` KLb Kx N‡U wKQy‡Zv ejv hvq bv|

Av‡M †_‡K mveavb n‡q hvIqv fv‡jv| mMb †k‡Li cyKzi cv‡o G‡m, evRyi Ic‡i euvav ZvweRUv‡K AvR GKevi

fv‡jv K‡i †`‡L wb‡jv gš‘| Zvici ey‡bv jZvi †SvcUv‡K `ynv‡Z mwi‡q ax‡i ax‡i wb‡P †b‡g †M‡jv †m| Uzwb

†cQb †_‡K ej‡jv, ev‡i AZ †Rv‡i nuvU‡j Avwg Pwj Kx KBiv? gš‘ RvjUv‡K ¸wQ‡q wb‡Z wb‡Z ej‡jv, Av‡ Í

Avn, Zvov wK‡qi? Uzwb e‡j, ev‡i, Avgvi eywS Wi fq wKQyB bvB| hw` mv‡c Kvgovq? mv‡ci K_v ej‡Z bv

ej‡ZB nVvr GKUv Auvwa mvc †duvm K‡i D‡V m‡i hvq mvg‡b †_‡K| AuvZ‡K D‡V `ynvZ wcwQ‡q Av‡m gš‘| fq

†K‡U †M‡j _yZz K‡i ey‡Ki g‡a¨ GKivk _yZ y wQwU‡q †`q †m| †cQ‡b Uzwbi w`‡K ZvwK‡q e‡j, ey‡K _yK `vI ZvB‡j

wK”Qy AB‡ev bv| †Kv‡bv iKg weZ‡K© bv G‡m bxi‡e Ii K_v †g‡b †bq Uzwb| KcvjUv AvR g›` I‡ì| A‡bK

cyKzi Ny‡iI wKQy wPswo¸‡ov Qvov Avi wKQy RyU‡jv bv| gvQ¸‡jv †Kgb †hb †mqvbv n‡q †M‡Q| cyKz‡ii av‡i Kv‡Q

_v‡K bv| _v‡K wM‡q G‡Kev‡i gvSLvbwU‡Z, GZ `~i Rvj Dwo‡q †bqv hvq bv| Uzwb e‡j _vK, AvBR _vDK, P‡jv

evwo wdBiv hvB| RvjUv‡K ay‡q wb‡q gš‘ Av‡¯ Í Av‡ Í e‡j, P‡jv|

mKv‡j Nyg †_‡K D‡V dz‡jv nvZUv †Kv‡j wb‡q e‡m e‡m Aveyj Avi nvwjgvi SMov †`LwQ‡jv gKeyj|


A‡bKÿY Kx GKUv welq wb‡q ZK© Pj‡Q I‡ì g‡a¨| `vIqvq e‡m e‡m hv gy‡L Avm‡Q I‡K e‡j hv‡”Q Aveyj|

nvwjgvI G‡Kev‡i Pzc K‡i †bB| D‡Vv‡b GKUv jvD‡qi gvPv euva‡Z euva‡Z `yGKUv ReveI w`‡”Q †m gv‡S gv‡S|

gKeyj nv‡Zi e¨_vq g„`y KvZivw”Qj Avi wcUwcU †Pv‡L ZvKvw”Qj I‡ì w`‡K|

nVvr `vIqv †_‡K Qy‡U G‡m gyn~‡Z© nvwjgvi Pz‡ji †MvQvUv †P‡c ai‡jv Aveyj| Zvici †Kv‡bv wPš Ív bv K‡i m‡Rv‡i

GKUv jvw_ ewm‡q w`‡jv Ii Zj‡c‡U| Dt gv‡Mv, e‡j †cUUv `ynv‡Z †P‡c a‡i gvwU‡Z e‡m co‡jv nvwjgv| iv‡M

ZLb †duvcv‡”Q Aveyj, Avgvi N‡ii fvZ aŸsm KBiv iv Ívi gvb‡li j‡M wcwiZ| Rv‡b LZg KBiv w`gy bv †Zv‡i|

KvBUv iv¯Ívq fvmvq w`gy bv| e‡j Avevi Ii Pz‡ji †MvQv‡Z nvZ w`‡Z hvw”Qj Aveyj, ey‡ov gKeyj wPrKvi K‡i

DV‡jv, Lei`vi AveyBj¨v, ZzB hw` eD‡qi Mv‡q Av‡iKevi nvZ ZzjQm ZvB‡j fv‡jv AB‡ev bv wKš‘K|

Avgvi Nibxi Mv‡q Avwg nvZ Zzwj wK hv B”Qv Kwi, Zzwg KBevi †K A uv? ciÿ‡Y Aveyj Reve w`‡jv, Zzwg hnb

†Zvgvi Nibx‡i Zzjv‡cWv Ki Znb wK Avgiv evav w`B|

Agb †KvbVvmv DË‡ii ci Avi wKQy ejvi _v‡K bv gKey‡ji| ïay R¡jš Í `„wó‡Z GK bRi Ii w`‡K ZvKv‡jv

gKeyj| Aveyj ZLb N‡ii wfZi †U‡b wb‡q P‡j‡Q nvwjgv‡K| wfZ‡i wb‡q wM‡q g‡bi my‡L gvi‡e| Ii B‡”QUv

nqZ eyS‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jv nvwjgv ZvB gvwU AvuK‡o a‡i †MvOv‡Z jvM‡jv †m, I‡Mv †Zvgvi cv‡q cwo, Avi gvB‡iv bv,

gBiv hvgy|

Pzc, Pzc Zxeª Mjvq I‡K kvwm‡q SvuwcUv eÜ K‡i †`q Aveyj| †nuPKv Uv‡b Ii ci‡bi †Quov gqjv kvwoUv Ly‡j wb‡q

N‡ii GK †Kv‡Y Qzu‡o †d‡j †`q †m| Zvwj †`qv cyivb eøvDRUv AuvUmuvU K‡i euvav wQ‡jv, †U‡b †mUvI Ly‡j †d‡j

Aveyj| Zvici `ycv‡q Ii bMœ †`nUv‡K cÖPÐfv‡e gvov‡Z _v‡K †m| †eovi m‡½ cyivb GKUv Qwo †Svjv‡bv wQ‡jv|

†mUv G‡b nvwjgvi big ZzjZz‡j Kcv‡j K‡qKUv AuvPo †U‡b †`q Aveyj| GBevi wcwiZ Ki| Av‡iv wcwiZ Ki

iv¯Ívi gvb‡li j‡M| Avnv‡i| G‡i gvBqvWv‡i gvBiv dvjvBm bv| I‡i I cvlvBb¨v, ìRv †Lvj, gvwim bv Avi

gvwim bv, Rvnvbœv‡g hvBwe, gvwim bv| evB‡i †_‡K `ynv‡Z SuvwcUv‡K †Vj‡Q dwK‡ii gv| Aveyj GKevi ZvKv‡jv

†mw`‡K, wKš‘ Suvwc Lyj‡jv bv|

eD gvivq GKUv ˆckvwPK Avb›` cvq Aveyj| †g‡i †g‡i Gi Av‡M `y‡Uv eD‡K cÖv‡Y †kl K‡i w`‡q‡Q †m|

cÖ_g eDUv wQ‡jv G Muv‡qiB †g‡q| Av‡qkv| GKUz †eu‡U, GKUz †gvUv Avi i‡Oi w`K †_‡K k¨vgjv| Ac~e© mshg

wQ‡jv †g‡qwUi| Avðh© kvš Í ¯fve| KZ †g‡i‡Q I‡K Aveyj| †Kv‡bvw`b GKUz kãI K‡iwb| wcVUv wewQ‡q w`‡q

Dcyo n‡q PzcPvc e‡m _vK‡Zv| wKj, Pvco, Nywm B‡”Qg‡Zv gvi‡Zv Aveyj|

GKUv mvgvb¨ cÖwZev` †bB| cÖwZ‡iva †bB|

ïay Avov‡j bxi‡e †Pv‡Li cvwb †djZ †g‡qUv|

Zvici GKw`b fxlYfv‡e i³ewg ïiæ nj Ii| RgvU euvav Kv‡jv i³| NÈv `y‡q‡Ki g‡a¨ gviv †M‡jv Av‡qkv|

Av‡qkv wU‡KwQ‡jv eQi wZ‡bK| Zvi c‡iiUv wKš‘ Ii PvB‡ZI Kg| gvÎ `yeQi|

Aek¨ Rwgjvi gvÎ `yeQi wU‡K _vKvi †cQ‡b GKUv KviYI Av‡Q| I †g‡qUv wQ‡jv GKUz evPvj †Mv‡Qi Avi GKUz

iæÿ †gRv‡Ri| mn‡R Avey‡ji wKj Pvco¸‡jv MÖnY Ki‡Z ivwR n‡Zv bv †m| gvi‡Z G‡j †Kvg‡i AuvPj †eu‡a

iæ‡L ùvov‡Zv|

nvRvi †nvK †g‡q‡Zv| cyiæ‡li m‡½ cvi‡e †Kb? evav w`‡Z wM‡q cwiYv‡g Av‡iv †ewk gvi †L‡Zv Rwgjv| I hLb

gviv †M‡jv Avi Ii g„Z‡`nUv hLb Mig cvwb w`‡q cwi®‹vi KiwQ‡jv mevB ZLb Ii mv`v aea‡e wc‡Vi Ici

mv‡ci g‡Zv AuvKveuvKv dz‡j IVv †iLv¸‡jv †`‡L wkD‡i D‡VwQ‡jv A‡b‡KB| I‡i cvlvBb¨v‡i Ggb `y‡ai g‡Zv

gvBqvWv‡i †kl Kiwj ZzB| Av‡qkv gviv hvevi ci Aek¨ fxlY †Ku‡`wQ‡jv Aveyj| Mwo‡q Mwo‡q †Ku‡`wQ‡jv mviv

D‡Vv‡b| cvovcowk‡ì e‡jwQ‡jv, Avnv eo fv‡jv eD AvwQ‡jv Av‡qkv| Avwg cvlvBb¨v Zvi Kì eySjvg bv|

Avnv‡i Ggb eD Avi cvgy bv Rxe‡b|

Av‡qkvi †kv‡K wZbw`b GK †duvUv `vbvcvwbI gy‡L †cv‡iwb Aveyj| wZb ivZ KvwU‡q‡Q Ii Ke‡ii cv‡k e‡m Avi

ï‡q| cvovcowkiv †f‡ewQ‡jv Ii Pwi‡Î eywS cwieZ ©b G‡jv Gevi| Gevi fv‡jv †`‡L GKUv we‡q kvw` Kwi‡q

w`‡j my‡L kvwš Í‡Z Ni-msmvi Ki‡e Aveyj|

wKš‘ Rwgjvi m‡½I †mB GKB eënvi K‡i‡Q Aveyj| GKB cwiYvg N‡U‡Q Rwgjvi Rxe‡bI|


wØZxq eD‡qi g„Zz¨‡Z Avey‡ji MovMwo w`‡q Kvbœvi †Kv‡bv g~j¨ †`qwb cowkiv| gy‡L weiw³ G‡b e‡j‡Q, Avi AZ

XO Kwim bv AveyBj¨v| †Zvi XO †`BL‡j Mv R¡vjv K‡i|

Avgvi eD‡qi `yt‡L Avwg Kuvw`, †Zvgv‡Mv Mv R¡vjv K‡i K¨vb? I‡ì K_v ï‡b †ÿ‡c I‡V Aveyj|

Kcv‡j GK gy‡Vv ay‡jv Qyu‡q mnmv GKUv cÖwZÁv K‡i e‡m †m, GB ZIev Kijvg weqv kvw` Avi Kigy bv| †Lv`v,

Avgv‡i Avi weqvi gyL †`LvBI bv| ej‡Z wM‡q WzK‡i †Ku‡` I‡V Aveyj|

cowkiv Mv‡j nvZ w`‡q e‡j‡Q, Bqv Avj øv, GB †KgbZi K_v| eD gviwj ZzB, †mB K_v eBjv wK kÎæZvwg Kijvg

bvwK Avgiv? mvPv K_v KB‡jB †Zv gvbyl kÎæ nq| wVK KBQ eBwPi gv, mvPv K_v KB‡jB Ggb nq| Zv, Avgv‡Mv

KBeviI ev ìKvi Kx| Ii eD‡i gviæK wK KvUyK, wK b`x‡Z fvmvq w`K, Avgv‡Mv Kx Av‡Q Zv‡Z?

†mw`b †_‡K Avey‡ji mv‡Z cuv‡P Avi †KD †bB Iiv|

AvRKvj nvwjgv‡K hLb cÖni Aš Íi GKevi K‡i gv‡i Aveyj ZLb †KD wKQy e‡j bv| Pzc K‡i _v‡K| gv‡S gv‡S

ey‡ov gKeyj GK-AvaUz evav †Ìqvi †Póv K‡i| AveyBj¨v, †Zvi wK gvby‡li civY bv, Ggb KBiv †h gviQ eDWv‡i

†Zvi g‡b GKUzI †PvU jv‡M bv AveyBj¨v? eD‡ì Aek¨ gKeyjI gv‡i| ZvB e‡j Avey‡ji g‡Zv AZ wb`©q nIqvUv

†gv‡UB cQ›` K‡i bv †m| gviwe †Zv gvi| GKUyLvwb mBqv gvi| Aciv‡ai ¸iæZ¡ †`BLv †mB cwigvY gvi| G nj

gKey‡ji wbR¯ AwfgZ|

Aciva, Ggb †Kv‡bv mvsNvwZK K‡iwb nvwjgv| cv‡ki evwoi byiæi m‡½ Kx GKUv K_v ej‡Z wM‡q †n‡mwQ‡jv

†Rv‡i| ~i †_‡K †mUv †`‡L Mv R¡vjv K‡i D‡V‡Q Avey‡ji| GKUv Mfxi m‡›`‡n f‡i D‡V‡Q gb|

Ggb gb †Lvjv nvwm †Zv Avey‡ji m‡½ †Kv‡bvw`b nv‡mwb nvwjgv|

†eûuk nvwjgv‡K †fZ‡i †d‡j †i‡L Aveyj hLb evB‡i †ewi‡q G‡jv ZLb me©v‡½ Nv‡gi †mªvZ †b‡g‡Q Ii| ci‡bi

jyw½ w`‡q Mv‡qi NvgUv gy‡Q wb‡q `vIqvi Ici `g a‡i A‡bKÿY wekªvg wb‡jv Aveyj| gvwUi ûu‡KvUv‡K †b‡o‡P‡o

Kx †hb †`L‡jv, Zvici Kj‡KUv nv‡Z wb‡q D‡V ùvov‡jv †m|

ikx‡ì eD mv‡jnv D‡Vv‡b e‡m PvUvB eybwQ‡jv| Aveyj‡K Gw`‡K Avm‡Z †`‡L gyL wU‡c †n‡m ej‡jv, eD-Gi

wcwiZ eywS Avi mB‡jv bv wgqvi| Avi mB‡ev, eûZ mBwQ| gyL weK…Z K‡i cyi‡bv K_vUvB Avevi e‡j †M‡jv

Aveyj, Avgvi N‡ii fvZ LvBqv iv Ívi gvb‡li m‡½ wcwiZ| Zzwg KI fvex, GBWv wK mn¨ Kib hvq?

nu¨v Zv‡Zv LuvwU K_vB KBQ| mv‡jnv †QvÆ GKUv `xN©k¦vm †Q‡o e‡j, Nibx hw` g‡bi g‡Zv bv nq ZvB‡j wK Zv‡i

wb‡q Avi my‡L Ni Kib hvq?

Avi fvex, `ywbqv`vix Avi fv‡jv jv‡M bv| B”Qv K‡i `yB †PvL †hB w`‡K hvq PBjv hvB| e‡j ac K‡i gvwU‡Z e‡m

c‡o Aveyj| Zvici Kj‡KUv mv‡jnvi w`‡K GwM‡q w`‡q ej‡jv, Pzjvq Av¸b Av‡Q? GKUznvwb Av¸b `vI|

GB w`B, e‡j Kj‡KUv nv‡Z wb‡q N‡ii †fZ‡i P‡j †M‡jv mv‡jnv| GKUz c‡iB Avevi †ewi‡q G‡jv †m| I Kv‡Q

Avm‡Z Mjvi ¯iUv G‡Kev‡i Lv‡` bvwg‡q G‡b Aveyj ej‡jv, AvBR Avi Qvwo bvB fvex| hZÿY cviwQ gviwQ|

Zzwg GKUz †Zj Mig KBiv gvwjk KBiv wÌ Ii Mv‡q| nvW&wW bv `yB GKLvbv fvB½v †M‡Q †K Rv‡b| ZvB‡j †Zv

eo wec` AB‡ev| Kvg KvR KZ cBi¨v iB‡Q| me wKQz eÜ ABqv hvB‡ev|

†mB K_v Av‡M †Lqvj AvwQ‡jv bv wgqvi? mv‡jnv gyL euvKv‡jv| Kvg Kv‡Ri hLb ÿwZ AB‡ev Rvb, Znb bv

gvi‡jB cvBiZv| gvijv K¨vb|

Duû, Aveyj m‡½ m‡½ Reve w`‡jv, gviwQ wVK KiwQ, bv gvi‡j Av¯‹viv cvBqv hvB‡Zv|

Avi Av¯‹viv wK Gg‡b Kg cvB‡Q? Pviw`‡K GK cjK ZvwK‡q wb‡q Pvcv ¯‡i mv‡jnv ej‡jv, byiæi m‡½ wK AvRKv

K_v KB‡Q? I‡Zv †ivR †ivR K_v Kq|

Kx? †PvL †Rvov Avevi ac K‡i R¡‡j DV‡jv Avey‡ji, Avgv‡i GZw`b KI bvB K¨vb?

mv‡jnv ej‡jv, Kx ìKvi evey Avgv‡Mv wgQvwgwQ kÎæ eBbv| KBZvg †M‡j †Zv A‡bK K_vB KB‡Z Aq| ZvwK Avi

GKw`‡b †kl Kiv hvq|

Kx K_v KI fvex| †Lv`vi Kmg wVK KBiv KI| ZvgvK LvIqvUv G‡Kev‡i fz‡j †M‡jv Aveyj|

mv‡jnv Av‡ Í K‡i ej‡jv, hvB KI evey Kv‡iv e`bvg Kivi Af¨vmB Avgvi bvB| wKš‘K KB Kx GB eDWv †Zvgvi

eo fv‡jv Aq bvB| Avgiv †Zv Avqkv‡KI †`LwQ, Rwgjv‡iI †`LwQ| Iiv †Zv Avgv‡Mv nv‡Zi Ici w`‡qB †M‡Q|


12. DÏxc‡Ki wejvmx I Dcb¨v‡mi PwiÎwUi g‡a¨ êmv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q †h wel‡qÑ

i. AwaKvi Av`v‡q ii. gvbwmK †PZbvq iii. `vwqZ¡‡ev‡a


K. i L. ii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii

cvVwfwËK D‡Ïk¨


gš‘i A_©‰bwZK Ae ’v eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

wPËwe‡bv`‡bi gva¨g wn‡m‡e cyuw_ cv‡Vi Zvrch© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

ÔKgjvi cyuw_Õi Kvwnwb eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

f‚‡Z-aiv msµvšÍ GKwU †jvKwek¦v‡mi eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡eb|

GZÿ‡Y Nyg †_‡K DV‡jv Uzwb|

GZ wkNªx DVZ bv †m, ey‡ov gKey‡ji agK †L‡q ï‡q _vKvUv wbivc` g‡b Ki‡jv bv| g‡b g‡b

ey‡ov‡K GK nvRvi GK‡kv Awfkvc w`‡jv| †PvL‡Rvov R¡vjv Ki‡Q Zvi| gv_vUv Nyi‡Q| N‡ii cv‡k QvB‡qi Mv`v

†_‡K GKUv †cvov Kv‡Vi Kqjv Zz‡j wb‡q †mUv w`‡q ùvZ gvR‡Z cyKz‡ii w`‡K P‡j †M‡jv| GK Mjv cvwb‡Z †b‡g

gš‘ †Mvmj Ki‡Q cyKz‡i|

†Nvjv‡U cvwb Av‡iv †Nvjv n‡q †M‡Q|

KZ¸‡jv nuvm cüvK cüvK K‡i muvZvi KvU‡Q Gcvi †_‡K Icv‡i| Avi gv‡S gv‡S gyLUv cvwb‡Z Wzwe‡q P¨vcUv †VuvU

w`‡q Kx †hb Lyu‡R †eov‡”Q Iiv|

KuvVvj Mv‡Qi ¸uwo w`‡q evbv‡bv Nv‡Ui GK †Kv‡Y G‡m bxi‡e em‡jv Uzwb| cv †Rvov cvwbi g‡a¨ Wzwe‡q w`‡q GK

g‡b `vuZb Ki‡Z Ki‡Z nVvr Zvi bR‡i G‡jv gš‘i wc‡Vi Ici GKUv j¤^v KvUv `vM| g‡b nj wKQyÿY Av‡MB

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Ny‡i uvwo‡q ej‡jv, GBLvbUv wPi‡jv †Kgb KBiv, A uv?

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gKeyj|

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gš‘i †Kv‡bv RwgRgv †bB|

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†f‡m Avm‡Q| gv_vq UzwcUv c‡i wb‡q Zmwen nv‡Z bvgvR co‡Z Pj‡Qb Mby †gvj øv| †gviM nuvm¸‡jv mvivw`b

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mMb †m‡Li cyKziUv euvw`‡K †i‡L Wvb w`‡K wgqv‡ì †LRyi evMvbUv †cwi‡q †M‡j `y‡Uv †ÿZ c‡i gvwS-evwo|

evwoi mvg‡b w`‡q ùvov‡Z gš‘ †k‡Li Miæ N‡ii †cQb †_‡K GKUv †jvg DVv nvo †ei Kiv Kv‡jv KzKzi †` uŠ‡o G‡m

weKU wPrKvi Ry‡o w`‡jv| †nB †nB K‡i KzKziUv‡K Zvovevi †Póv Ki‡jv †m|

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Av‡i gš‘ fvB †`wL| Kx Lei?

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AvBR Kqw`b _vBKv R¡i AB‡Q fvBRv‡bi|

Kx R¡i? Knb AB‡Q? gš‘i †Pv‡L DrKÉv|

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gš‘ Kx †hb wPšÍv Ki‡jv| Zvici wd‡i hvevi R‡b¨ cv evov‡Z Avw¤qv †cQb †_‡K WvK‡jv, PBjv hvI K¨vb? †`Lv

KBiv hvBev bv? Avw¤qvi wcQy wcQy †nvMjvi †eov †`qv NiUvq G‡m XzK‡jv gš‘| Kuv_vi †fZi †_‡K gyL †ei K‡i

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†LuvR-Lei bvI bv wgqv|

gš‘ cÖ_‡g weeªZ †eva Ki‡jv, Zvici ej‡jv, †`Lv bv AB‡j wK AB‡ev wgqv †LuvR-Lei wVKB wbB|

Kj&‡K‡Z ZvgvK mvwR‡q G‡b ûu‡KvUv gš‘i w`‡K evwo‡q w`‡jv Avw¤qv| Zvici wR‡Ám Ki‡jv cvb LvBev? gš‘

nvZ evwo‡q ûu‡KvUv wb‡Z wb‡Z ej‡jv, bv _vDK| Avcb g‡b wKQyÿY ûu‡Kv Uvb‡jv †m| Zvici Avmj K_vUv

Av‡jvPbv Ki‡jv Ii m‡½| Kwig †k‡Li m‡½ Avevi wKQyw`‡bi Rb¨ †bŠKvq KvR Ki‡Z Pvq gš‘|

ï‡b Lywk nj Kwig| ej‡jv, bvIUv‡i GKUz †givgZ Kib jvM‡ev|

Kvj ciï GKevi AvB‡mv|

Avevi Avm‡e e‡j DV‡Z hvw”Qj gš‘|

Kwig m‡½ m‡½ ej‡jv, Avnv hvI KB, en bv|

bv| ivBZ AB‡Q hvB GBevi|

Avw¤qv ej‡jv, en gš‘ fvB, PvBiWv fvZ LvBqv hvI|

Gi g‡a¨ cv‡ki N‡i wM‡q †Quov gqjv kvwoUv cv‡ë GKUv bxj i‡Oi Zuv‡Zi kvwo c‡i G‡m‡Q Avw¤qv|

gyLLvbv MvgQv w`‡q gy‡Q G‡m‡Q †m|

wKQyÿY Zvi gy‡Li w`‡K ZvwK‡q iB‡jv gš‘| AvuUmuvU †`‡ni Luv‡P Luv‡P `yišÍ †hŠeb, AvU nvZ kvwoi euvab †f‡½

†d‡U co‡Z Pvq| I‡K Agbfv‡e ZvwK‡q _vK‡Z †`‡L weeªZ †eva Ki‡jv Avw¤qv, ùvovBqv iBjv K¨vb, en bv|

gš‘ ej‡jv, bv AvBR bv| Avi GKw`b Lvgy| e‡j evB‡i †ewi‡q G‡jv gš‘|

wcw`g nv‡Z †`Dwo ch©š Í I‡K GwM‡q w`‡q †M‡jv Avw¤qv| gš‘ ïav‡jv †Zvgvi AveŸv KB †M‡Q?

Avw¤qv ej‡jv, †hB KvR KBiv †eovq †mB KvR Ki‡Z †M‡Q| hvB‡ev Avevi KB| Ii Mjvq †ÿvf|

Ii gy‡Li w`‡K GK bRi ZvKv‡jv gš‘| Ii †ÿv‡fi KviYUv mn‡R eyS‡Z cvi‡jv| mvZ MÖv‡gi giv gvbyl‡K Kei

w`‡q †eovq bš‘ †kL| Av‡kcv‡ki MÖv‡g MZ wÎk eQi a‡i hZ †jvK gi‡Q mevi Kei Lyu‡o‡Q bš‘ †kL| G Zvi

†ckv bq †bkv|


Kgjv‡i cvB‡Z Pvq Avcb Kwiqv|

Kgjvi jvBMv Zvi Kvw›`‡Q wnqv\

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`xwNi cvwb †_‡K Pz‡j Uvb co‡jv GZw`‡b| cvZv cvwb †_‡K nuvUz cvwb‡Z †b‡g †M‡jv Kgjv| nuvUz †_‡K eyK|

Zvici Mjv| ax‡i ax‡i `xwNi cvwb‡Z A`„k¨ n‡q †M‡jv Kgjv my›ìx|

Puv` †n‡j c‡o cye †_‡K cwð‡g|

Qvqv `xN© †_‡K `xN©Zi nq|

Xz‡j Xz‡j cyuw_ cov †kl Ki‡jv myiZ Avjx|

nxb †gvqv‡¾‡g K‡n‡i ïb me©Rb

Kgjv my›ìxi wK”Qv nBj mgvcb\

fzj PzK nB‡j †gv‡i jB‡eb †ÿwgqv|

†`vqv Kwi‡eb †gv‡i Aaxb Rvwbqv\

cyuw_ cov †kl nq| Kgjv my›ìx Avi †fjyqv my›ìxi R‡b¨ A‡bK A‡bK Avd‡mvm K‡i †g‡q ey‡oviv| AuvPj w`‡q

†Pv‡Li cvwb †gv‡Q Av‡gbv| Uzwbi †PvL †RvovI cvwb‡Z UjUj K‡i I‡V| dwK‡ii gv GKUv `xN©k¦vm †Q‡o e‡j,

me †Lv`vi B”Qv, †Lv`v gvBievi PvB‡j wKbv KiZv cv‡i| ey‡ov gKeyj wKQyÿ‡Yi Rb¨ û u‡Kv Uvb‡Z fz‡j hvq| †m

Pzc K‡i Kx †hb fv‡e Avi bxie `„wó †g‡j ZvwK‡q _v‡K AvKv‡ki w`‡K|

Log †Rvov Zz‡j wb‡q nvZ cv †avqvi R‡b¨ cyKzi Nv‡U P‡j hvq gš‘| ARy K‡i G‡m ZvovZvwo ï‡q co‡e AvR|

gvwS-evwo †_‡K acvm acvm †XuwKi AvIqvR †kvbv hv‡”Q|

ivZ †R‡M AvRI avb fvb‡Q Avw¤qv| eo wgwn KÉ¯i Ii, eo my›ì Mvb Mvq †m|

fvU zB‡i bv w`‡qv kvwo,

fvU zB hv‡ev ev‡ci evwo|

me© jÿY Kvg wP°Y,

cÂ i‡Oi fvUzB‡i\

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cwðg cv‡oi w`‡K| AveQv Av‡jv‡Z me wKQy ¯úó bv †`L‡jI †g‡qwU‡K wPb‡Z fzj nj bv gš‘i| Avey‡ji eD

nvwjgv| GZ iv‡Z GKv GKv †Kv_vq hv‡”Q †m| cwðg cv‡oi j¤^v †cqviv MvQUvi wb‡P wM‡q ùvov‡jv †g‡qUv|

Pvicv‡k evi K‡qK wd‡i ZvKv‡jv †m| Ii w`‡K GK `„wó‡Z ZvwK‡q iB‡jv gš‘| nvZ-cv¸‡jv †Kgb †hb VvÐv n‡q

Avm‡Q Ii|

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†cwP‡q Kx †hb ciL Ki‡jv †m|

gš‘i Avi eyS‡Z evwK iB‡jv bv, Mjvq duvm w`‡q gi‡Z Pvq nvwjgvÑ

G `ywbqvUv †eva nq Amn¨ n‡q D‡V‡Q Ii Kv‡Q| ZvB Avi euvP‡Z Pvq bv I|

gš‘ G gyn~‡Z© Kx Ki‡e †f‡e DV‡Z cviwQ‡jv bv|

nVvr I‡K AevK K‡i w`‡q Mjvi duvmUv Ly‡j †d‡j Avcb g‡b †Ku‡` DV‡jv nvwjgv| †cqviv MvQUv‡K `ynv‡Z

Rwo‡q a‡i A‡bKÿY dzuwc‡q dzuwc‡q Kuv`‡jv †m|

nq‡Zv, evev-gvi K_v g‡b c‡o‡Q Ii| wK¤v, `ywbqvUv AwZ wbg©g n‡jI †Q‡o †h‡Z B‡”Q Ki‡Q bv nqZ|

Gi g‡a¨ evi Pv‡iK Mjvq duvm c‡i‡Q Avi Ly‡j‡Q nvwjgv| Ii Ae ’v †`‡L AwZ `yt‡L nvwm †c‡jv gš‘i| ax‡i

ax‡i Ii Lye Kv‡Q GwM‡q †M‡jv †m| Zvici AK¯§vr Ii GKLvbv nvZ †P‡c ai‡jv gš‘|

GKUv KiæY Dw³i m‡½ m‡½ Pg‡K D‡V Ny‡i ùvov‡jv nvwjgv| eo welYœ Pvnwb Ii| A‡bKÿY Kv‡iv gyL w`‡q

†Kv‡bv K_v †eiæ‡jv bv| †evevi g‡Zv ùvwo‡q iB‡jv `yBRb| Clr Puv‡ì Av‡jvq gš‘ †`L‡jv, nvwjgvi bvK Avi

†PvL `y‡Uv Am¤¢e iKg dz‡j †M‡Q| GZ gvi †g‡i‡Q I‡K Aveyj| gš‘ wkD‡i DV‡jv| Zvici Kx ej‡Z hvw”Q‡jv


†m| nVvr GK SUKvq Ii gy‡Vv †_‡K nvZLvbv Qvwo‡q wb‡q GKUv Pvcv Kvbœvi m‡½ †mLvb †_‡K Qy‡U cvwj‡q †M‡jv

nvwjgv| †evev `„wó †g‡j †mw`‡K ZvwK‡q iB‡jv gš‘|

cyKzi cvo †_‡K wd‡i G‡m D‡Vvb †cwi‡q wb‡Ri N‡ii w`‡K GwM‡q hvw”Q‡jv †m| †P‡q †`‡L, N‡ii `vIqvq e‡m

cyuw_i K_v¸‡jv ¸b¸b Ki‡Q Uzwb|

`vIqv †_‡K †b‡g G‡m Uzwb ïav‡jv, †Kv_vq †MQjv wgqv| †Zvgv‡i Avwg LyuBRv gwi|

†kvevi Ni †_‡K gKeyj Avi Av‡gbvi Mjvi ¯î †kvbv hv‡”Q| ikx` Avi mv‡jnvI Kx wb‡q †hb Avjvc Ki‡Q

wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨|

myiZ Avjxi N‡ii mevB Nywg‡q c‡o‡Q|

Aveyj Avi nvwjgvi N‡iI †Kv‡bv evwZ †bB|

gš‘ mnmv Uzwbi K_vi †Kv‡bv Reve w`‡jv bv|

Uzwb Av‡iv Kv‡Q GwM‡q G‡m ej‡jv, Gnwb NygvBev eywS?

gš‘ ej‡jv, ûu kixiUv AvBR fv‡jv bvB|

K¨vb, Kx AB‡Q? Uzwbi KÉ¯^‡i DrKÉv| R¡i nq bvB †Zv?

gš‘ ej‡jv, bv Ggwb Lvivc jvMZv‡Q|

Uzwb wKQyÿY Pzc K‡i iB‡jv| Zvici Av‡¯Í K‡i ej‡jv, AvBR kvcjv Zzj‡Z hvBev bv?

gš‘ ej‡jv, AvBR _vK, KvjKv hvgy|

Uzwb Kx †hb fve‡jv| †f‡e ej‡jv, ciï w`bKv Avwg ev‡ci evwo PBjv hvgy|

ZvB bvwn?

ûu| evcRv‡bi AmyL, ZvB|

Amy‡Li K_v Kvi KvQ _vBKv ïbjv? Ii gy‡Li w`‡K ZvKv‡jv gš‘|

Uzwb Av‡ Í K‡i ej‡jv, evcRv‡b †jvK cvVvBwQ‡jv|

A| D‡Vv‡bi gvSLv‡b `yR‡b wKQyÿY bxi‡e ùvwo‡q iB‡jv Iiv| GKUz c‡i gš‘ bxieZv fvO‡jv, ciï _vBKv

AvwgI bvI evB‡Z hvB‡ZwQ|

†Kvbnv‡b hvBev? Uzwb †mvrmv‡n ZvKv‡jv Ii w`‡K|

gš‘ ej‡jv, †Kvbnv‡b hvB wVK bvB| Kwig †k‡Li bvI| †m †hBnv‡b wbqv hvq †mBnv‡bB hvgy|

Uzwb ej‡jv, †Zvgvi bv‡q Avgv‡i ev‡ci evwo †cŠuQvqv wèv? e‡j Ii gy‡Li w`‡K ZvwK‡q iB‡jv Uzwb|

mnmv †Kv‡bv Reve w`‡Z cv‡i bv gš‘| Zvici BZ¯ ÍZ K‡i e‡j, A‡bK ivZ AB‡Q GBevi NygvI wMqv e‡j DË‡ii

A‡cÿv bv K‡iB wb‡Ri N‡ii w`‡K GwM‡q hvq gš‘|

ciw`b A‡bK †ejv K‡i Nyg fvO‡jv gš‘i|

evB‡ii D‡Vv‡b ZLb Kx GKUv welq wb‡q cÖPÐ SMov evwa‡q‡Q Av‡gbv Avi mv‡jnv| AK_¨ fvlvq ci¯úi‡K

MvjvMvwj w`‡”Q Iiv| Mby †gvj øvi N‡ii mvg‡b GKUv eo iK‡gi wfo|

MÖv‡gi A‡bK †Q‡j ey‡ov G‡m Rgv‡qZ n‡q‡Q †mLv‡b| e¨vcviUv Kx cÖ_‡g eyS‡Z cvi‡jv bv gš‘| c‡i ey‡ov

gKey‡ji †g‡q wni‡bi KvQ †_‡K ïb‡jv me|

gRy e¨vcvwii †gR †g‡qUv‡K f‚‡Z †c‡q‡Q| f‚Z Zvovevi Rb¨ I‡K Mby †gvj øvi Kv‡Q wb‡q G‡m‡Q mevB| e¨vcvwii

†QvU fvB‡K mvg‡b †c‡q gš‘ ïav‡jv, Kx wgqv f‚‡Z cvB‡jv Knb Aüv?

e¨vcvwii fvB Av‡`¨vcvš Í Rvbv‡jv me|

Kvj †fvi mKv‡j cwii `xwNi cv‡o ïK‡bv Wvj cvZv Kz‡ov‡Z wM‡qwQ‡jv †g‡qUv| `ycyi Mwo‡q we‡Kj nj †g‡q

Avi wd‡i bv| Iw`‡K †g‡qi gv †Zv †f‡eB AvKzj| eq¯‹v †g‡q †K Rv‡b Avevi †Kv‡bv wec‡` co‡jv| cÖ_‡g I‡K

†`L‡jv KvwR evwoi _yi_y‡i eywoUv| j¤^v †ZuZzj Mv‡Qi gMov‡j D‡V `ycv `yw`‡K Qwo‡q w`‡q †U‡b †U‡b w`we¨ Mvb

MvB‡Q †g‡qUv| eywo †Zv AevK, ewj j¾v ki‡gi wK gv_v LvBQ? w`b `ycy‡i Mv‡Q bvwn DBVv MxZ MvBevi jvMQ|

I gvBq¨v, ewj j¾v kig wK me DBVv †M‡Q `ywbqvi Ici _¨vBKv?

eywo hZ wPrKvi K‡i g‡i, †g‡q ZZ kã K‡i nv‡m| †m GK A™¢zZ nvwm| †hb dz‡iv‡ZB Pvq bv|


Lei ï‡b gRy e¨vcvwi wb‡R Qy‡U G‡jv `xwNi cv‡o| wb‡P †_‡K †g‡qi bvg a‡i evievi WvK‡jv †m| mwLbv, gv

Avgvi bvK-Kvb KvwUQ bv gv, bvBg¨v Avq|

evev‡K †`‡L Ii Mv‡qi Ici _yZy wQwU‡q w`‡jv mwLbv| Zvici wLjwLj k‡ã †n‡m D‡V ej‡jv, Avi hvgy bv Avwg|

GBnv‡b _vKzg|

Igv Kq Kx| gvBq¨v Avgvi GB Kx K_v Kq? †g‡qi K_v ï‡b †PvL D‡ë †M‡jv gRy e¨vcvwii|

_yi_y‡i eywo GZÿY Pzc K‡i wQ‡jv| mnmv we‡Ái g‡Zv Nvo bvo‡jv †m, jÿY eo fv‡jv bv e¨vcvwi| gvBq¨v‡i

†Zvgvi f‚‡Z cvB‡Q|

Lei`vi eywo ev‡R K_v KBm bv| Ici †_‡K m‡½ m‡½ cÖwZev` Rvbv‡jv mwLbv| †ewk eK eK Ki‡j Nvo gUKvBqv

w`gy|

G K_vi c‡i Kv‡iv m‡›`‡ni Avi AeKvk iB‡jv bv|

eywo ej‡jv, G eo fv‡jv jÿY bq, Rjw` KBiv †jvKRb Wvn|

†jvKRb WvKvi †Kv‡bv cÖ‡qvRb wQ‡jv bv| KviY nuvK-WvK ï‡b ZZÿ‡Y MÖv‡gi A‡bK †jvK G‡m R‡ov n‡q †M‡Q

†mLv‡b| ey‡ov Qwgi wgqv ej‡jv, ùvovqv Zvgvkv †jLZvQ K¨vb wgqviv, GKRb DBV¨v hvI bv Ic‡i| †K DV‡e, †K

DV‡e bv ZvB wb‡q ePmv nj wKQyÿY| KviY, †h †KD †Zv Avi DV‡Z cv‡i bv| Ggb GKRb‡K Dc‡i DV‡Z n‡e,

†g‡qi Mv‡q nvZ †Quvqvevi AwaKvi Av‡Q hvi| Ae‡k‡l wVK nj ZKz e¨vcvwiB DV‡e Ic‡i| †g‡qi Avcb PvPv nq

†m| myZivs AwaKv‡ii cÖkœ Av‡m bv|

ZKz e¨vcvwi‡K Dc‡i DV‡Z †`‡L †ÿ‡c †M‡jv mwLbv| wPrKvi K‡i I‡K kvmv‡Z jvM‡jv †m, Lei`vi Lei`vi

e¨vcvwi, Rv‡b LZg KBiv w`gy| e‡j †QvU †QvU Wvj cvZv wQu‡o wQu‡o Ii Nv‡oi Ic‡i Qyu‡o gvi‡Z jvM‡jv †m|

Zvici AK¯§vr GK jv‡d `xwNi R‡j Suvwc‡q co‡jv †g‡qUv| A‡bK K‡ó `xwNi cvwb †_‡K cv‡o Zz‡j Avbv nj

Zv‡K|

Kjwm Kjwm cvwb Xvjv nj gv_vi Ici| Zvici hLb Ávb wd‡i G‡jv mwLbvi ZLb †m G‡Kev‡i Pzc n‡q †M‡Q|

Zvici †_‡K GKUv K_vI e‡jwb mwLbv| GKUv cÖ‡kœiI Reve †`qwb †m| ZvB AvR mKv‡j Mby †gvj øvi Kv‡Q wb‡q

G‡m‡Q I‡K hw` f~ZUv‡K †Kv‡bv g‡Z Zvov‡bv hvq| bB‡j †g‡qUv‡K euvwP‡q ivLv Am¤¢e n‡e| e¨vcvwii fvB‡qi

KvQ †_‡K me wKQy ïb‡jv gš‘| Mby †gvj øvi N‡ii w`‡K ZvwK‡q †`L‡jv GKUv mv`v Kvco‡K mi‡li †Z‡ji g‡a¨

Wzwe‡q wb‡q Zvi g‡a¨ Av¸b awi‡q †mB KvcoUv‡K mwLbvi bv‡Ki Ici Mby †gvj øv ai‡Q Avi wPrKvi K‡i ej‡Q,

†Kvbnvb _vBKv AvBQm wkM&wMi KBiv K, bB‡j wKš‘K Qvogy bv Avwg| K wkM&wMi| mwLbv bxie|

Zvi Nv‡oi Ici †P‡c _vKv f~ZUv †Kv‡bv K_vB ej‡Q bv|

gš‘ Avi ùvov‡jv bv †mLv‡b| N‡ii †cQb †_‡K GKUv wb‡gi Wvj †f‡O wb‡q ùvZb Ki‡Z Ki‡Z cyKzi Nv‡U P‡j

†M‡jv †m| cyKzi cv‡oi †cqviv Mv‡Qi wb‡P jvD MvQ¸‡jvi Rb¨ GKUv gvPv euva‡Q nvwjgv| GLb †`L‡j †K ej‡e

†h IB †g‡qUvB MZKvj iv‡Z IB †cqviv MvQUvi Wv‡j Mjvq Kvco †eu‡a AvZ¥nZ¨v Ki‡Z wM‡qwQ‡jv| Ii w`‡K

†PvL co‡Z, wKQyÿY GK`„‡ó ZvwK‡q †_‡K Zvici Avevi gvPv euva‡Z jvM‡jv nvwjgv|


A`„k¨ hv †`Lv hvq bv| AwekªvšÍ kªvwš Ínxbfv‡e; GKUvbv| AK¯§vr nVvr; mnmv; AZwK©Zfv‡e| Av‡`¨vcvšÍ

AvMv‡Mvov; ïiæ †_‡K †kl ch©š Í| AvKv‡k hLb †RvQbvi evb Wv‡K hLb AvKvk †RvQbvi Av‡jvq Av‡jvwKZ n‡q

I‡V| AvU †envivi cvjwK †h cvjwK AvURb †jvK Nv‡o K‡i †bq| AuvRj `yB nvZ GK K‡i; AÄwj| DrKÉv

e¨vKzjZv; wPš Ív; fvebv| DrKY© †kvbvi Rb¨ Kvb Lvov K‡i _vKv| †Lvqvo euvk ev wUb w`‡q evbv‡bv nuvm gyiwM

ivLevi Ni| BZ ÍZ m‡¼vP; wØav| QvB‡qi Mv`v QvB‡qi ¯ Í‚c| ùvZb Kiv ùvZ gvRv| giïg †gŠmyg|

jvK&wo Lwo; R¡vjvbx KvV| †`Dwo evwo‡Z †XvKvi cÖavb c_| †nvMjv wZb‡KvYv I P¨vÞv GK ai‡bi RjR

Dw™¢`; G¸‡jv w`‡q mvaviYZ N‡ii †eov †`qv ev cvwU evbv‡bv nq| bvI †bŠKv| g„`y g›` big I gayi| cÖvšÍ


mxgv; wKbviv; GKcvk| welYœ `ytwLZ; ¤øvb| ïavj wR‡Ám Kij; Rvb‡Z PvBj| mnmv nVvr; AK¯§vr| we‡Ái

g‡Zv cwÐ‡Zi g‡Zv; Ávbxi g‡Zv| kvmv‡Z jvMj mveavb Ki‡Z jvMj| ¯”Q cwi”Qbœ; cwi®‹vi|

mvims‡ÿc :

gš‘ c‡ii Rwg‡Z †L‡U †ivRMvi K‡i| GLb †ÿ‡Zi KvR †bB| ZvB Kwig †k‡Li m‡½ †`Lv K‡i †bŠKv

Pvjv‡bvi Kv‡Ri K_v e‡j| Avw¤qv Kwig †k‡Li †evb| Avw¤qvi cxovcxwo‡Z A‡bKÿY e‡m †_‡K ivZ K‡iB

†m evwo wd‡i Av‡m| evwo‡Z wd‡i †`‡L mg Í DVvb Ry‡o RUjv cvwK‡q evwoi mevB myiZ Avjxi cyuw_ cov

ïb‡Q| AvR †m Kgjvi wK”Qv kybvw”Qj mevB‡K| cyKz‡i nvZgyL ay‡q wd‡i Avmevi mgq gš‘ †`L‡Z cvq,

Avey‡ji eD cyKzi cv‡ii †cqviv Mv‡Q Zvi ci‡bi kvwoi GK †KvYv k³ K‡i euv‡a| wKš‘ GK gyn~Z© c‡iB Mv‡Q

euvav kvwoi †KvYv Ly‡j wb‡q †cqviv MvQUv‡K Rwo‡q a‡i nvwjgv Avcb g‡b †Ku‡` I‡V| G-Ae¯’vq gš‘ Zvi

w`‡K GwM‡q hvq; cig ggZvq Zvi GKUv nvZ a‡i| †RvQbvi Av‡jvq †`L‡Z cvq gvi LvIqv nvwjgvi †PvL bvK

dz‡j Av‡Q| Uzwb Zvi evevi Amy ’Zvi Lei gš‘‡K w`‡q e‡j, AvMvgx ciï †m ev‡ci evwo P‡j hv‡e| gš‘I

Rvbvq, ciï †_‡KB †m Kwig †k‡Li †bŠKv evB‡Z hv‡e| ciw`b mKv‡j D‡Vv‡b GKUv eo RUjv †`L‡Z cvq

gš‘| gRy e¨vcvwii †gR †g‡qUv‡K f‚‡Z †c‡q‡Q| f‚Z Qvov‡bvi Rb¨ Zv‡K Mby †gvjøvi Kv‡Q Avbv n‡q‡Q| ùvZ

gvR‡Z gvR‡Z cyKzi cv‡o wM‡q gš‘ †`L‡jv, nvwjgv MZ iv‡Z †h †cqviv Mv‡Q kvwo Rwo‡q AvZ¥nZ¨v Ki‡Z

hvw”Qj †m Mv‡QB jvD‡qi gvPv euva‡Q| †K ej‡e MZ iv‡Z GB nvwjgvB AvZ¥nZ¨v Ki‡Z wM‡qwQ‡jv|


13. Ô†fjyqv my›ìxi cuyw_Õ cvV K‡i †K?

K. MvRx Kvjy L. myiZ Avjx M. bš‘ †kL N. Kwig †kL

14. mK‡j Mby †gvjøvi evwoi mvg‡b †h Kvi‡Y wfo K‡iwQjÑ

K. Av‡gbv I mv‡jnvi SMov †`L‡Z L. Mby †gvjøvi †`vqv wb‡Z

M. gRy e¨vcvixi f~ZMÖ ’ †g‡q‡K †`L‡Z N. Amy¯’ gKeyj‡K †`L‡Z


cyKzi NvU †_‡K †divi c‡_ nVvr _g‡K uvovq c„_y| AveQv Av‡jvq †g‡qwU‡K wPb‡Z fzj nq bv Zvi| Rvg

MvQwU‡K Rwo‡h a‡i †m Kuv`‡Q| Dc‡i jU‡K i‡q‡Q duvm †bqvi `wowU| †g‡qwU †Kb †hb Zvi wm×všÍ

cwieZ©b K‡i‡Q|

15. DÏxc‡Ki Ô†g‡qÕwU Dcb¨v‡mi †Kvb PwiÎ‡K cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i?

K. dv‡Zgv L. nvwjgv M. Av‡gbv N. mwLbv

16. DÏxcK I Dcb¨v‡mi PwiÎ ÑG `ywUi g‡a¨ mv`„‡kï KviYÑ

i. Rxe‡b nZvkvq ii. Rxeb‡K fvjevmvq iii. Rxe‡b `ytL‡ev‡a




cvVwfwËK D‡Ïk¨


†bŠKvi gvwS wn‡m‡e gš‘i Rxe‡bi eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡eb|

we‡q cÖm‡½ gš‘i g‡bvfve e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

KzUzg-evwo †eov‡Z wM‡q gš‘i AvPiYMZ cwieZ©‡bi weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb|

Uzwb‡ì evwoi cwi‡ek eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

†bŠ‡KvUv Nv‡U †eu‡a †i‡L GKMv`v Kv`v wWwO‡q cv‡o D‡V Av‡m Iiv| gš‘ Avi Kwig †kL| nv‡Ui GK

†Kv‡Y g‡bvqvi nvwRi Pv‡qi †`vKv‡b e‡m Mig `yKvc Pv Lvq|

nv‡Ui bvg kvwš Íi nvU| wKš‘ mvivw`b Akvwš ÍB †j‡M _v‡K GLv‡b| `~i `~i eû`~i MÖvg †_‡K †jvK Av‡m mI`v

Ki‡Z| LyP‡iv wRwbmc‡Îi †P‡q cvBKvwi wRwbmc‡Îi wewµ A‡bK †ewk| GLvb †_‡K gvjcÎ wK‡b wb‡q MÖv‡g

MÖv‡g Avi †QvU †QvU nvU evRv‡ii †`vKvwbiv †`vKvb Pvjvq|

gv‡S gv‡S `yGKUv mvK©vm cvwU©I Av‡m GLv‡b| ZLb mg¯ Í ciMYvq mvov c‡o hvq| `‡j `‡j †Q‡j ey‡ov †g‡q

G‡m R‡ov nq GLv‡b| †`vKvwb‡ìI ZLb Lywki Aš Í _v‡K bv| †Rvi wewµ P‡j| b`xi cv‡oi fiv RvqMvUvq

K‡qKUv †`vPvjv Ni Zz‡j wb‡q †mLv‡b †nv‡Uj †Lv‡j †KD| wfo †j‡MB _v‡K| g‡bvqvi nvwRi m‡½ Kwig †k‡Li

A‡bK w`‡bi LvwZi| G nv‡U G‡j GKgvÎ nvwRi †`vKv‡bB Pv Lvq Kwig| nvwRI evB‡ii †Kv_vI †h‡Z n‡j Kwig

†k‡Li bvI Qvov Ab¨ Kv‡iv †bŠKvq hvq bv| Pv‡qi cqmv w`‡Z G‡j nvwR GKgyL †n‡m ïav‡jv, Kx †gqv Lei me

fv‡jv †Zv?

Kwig †kL weiw³i m‡½ ej‡jv, Avi Lei, nuvcvwb nqv giZvwQ|

Avnv, IBWv Avevi KLb _vBKv nB‡jv? nvwRi K‡É Avš ÍwiKZvi myi| Zv †gqv nuvcvwb wbqv bv evBi‡jB cviZv|

Kx Avi KBgy fvB| †cU †Zv P‡j bv| Kwig †kL Av‡¯ Í K‡i ej‡jv, †cU‡Zv VvÐv Mig wKQz gv‡b bv|

gš‘‡K wb‡q evB‡i †ewi‡q Av‡m Kwig|

wKQyÿY nv‡Ui g‡a¨ †Nviv‡div K‡i Iiv|

Zvici Avevi †bŠKvq|

hvÎx wb‡q evwo wdi‡Z A‡bK ivZ n‡q hvq I‡ì| Kwig †kL nvj a‡i e‡m _v‡K| gš‘ ` uvo evq| AvKvkUv

AÜKvi| †mB AÜKv‡i jywK‡q i‡q‡Q ycv‡ki MÖvg¸‡jv| gv‡S gv‡S `yGKUv wgUwg‡U evwZ †`‡L †evSv hvq

†Mi ’‡ì evwo †M‡jv GKUv| wK¤v nVvr †Kv_vI GKmvi evwZ `yj‡Z `yj‡Z GwM‡q †h‡Z †`L‡j †PvL eÜ K‡i e‡j

†`qv hvq nvU †_‡K wdi‡Q Iiv, nvU z‡ii `j|

gv‡S gv‡S `yGKUv wkqvj Avi A‡bK¸‡jv KzKz‡ii `jeuvav WvK †kvbv hvq| Avi DRvb b`xi GKUvbv KjKj kã|

nVvr Mjv †Q‡o Mvb a‡i gš‘|

Mv‡bi myi eû`~i ch©š Í cÖwZaŸwbZ nq| Kwig †kL ûu‡KvUv GwM‡q †`q Ii w`‡K, bvI wgqv ZvgyK LvI| nvZ evwo‡q

ûu‡KvUv †bq gš‘| ¸o–K ¸o –K Uvb gv‡i ûu‡Kv‡Z|

Zvici Avevi Mvb a‡i, Avkv wQ‡jv g‡b g‡b|

Mvb ï‡b Kwig †k‡Li gbUv nVvr D`vm n‡q hvq|

I e‡j, GBevi GKWv weqv kv`x Kigy wVK KiwQ| GKv GKv Avi fv‡jv jv‡M bv| gš‘ Mvb _vwg‡q wKQzÿY ZvwK‡q

_v‡K Ii w`‡K| AÜKv‡i Ii gyLLvbv fv‡jv K‡i †`L‡Z cvq bv †m!

Kwig †kL Avevi e‡j, Kx wgqv wKQz KI bv †h?

cvV-5

g~jcvV


w`‡bi †ejv Clr Mig| †kl iv‡Z cÖPÐ kxZ, nvo Kuvcywb ïiæ nq| Kuv_vi wb‡PI †`nUv VK VK K‡i Kuvc‡Z _v‡K|

G mg‡q evwoi mevB gvwUi fv‡o fzwmi Av¸b †R¡‡j gv_vi Kv‡Q iv‡L| gv‡S gv‡S euv‡ki KwÂ w`‡q Av¸bUv‡K

D‡¯‹ †`q| AvRKvj †fvi nIqvi A‡bK Av‡M Nyg †_‡K D‡V hvq gš‘| †mvqv `yUvKv w`‡q †Kbv LÏ‡ii PvìUv

Mv‡q gv_vq gywo‡q wb‡q wn-wn K‡i Kuvc‡Z Kuvc‡Z gvwS-evwoi w`‡K †Qv‡U †m| KÕw`b nj Kwig †kL nuvcvwb‡Z

c‡o‡Q| mvivw`b LyK LyK K‡i Kv‡k Avi j¤^v k¦vm †bq|

gš‘ e‡j, GKWv †KvweivR †`nvI wgqv|

Kwig e‡j, wKQy nq bv wgqv, A‡bK †`nvBwQ|

Avw¤qv e‡j, nv‡U M‡Ä hvI fv‡jv †`BLv WvKZi †`LvB‡Z cvi bv?

Kwig †kL Pzc K‡i _v‡K wKQy e‡j bv| AvR mKv‡j gvwS-evwoi w`‡K m‡e iIqvbv w`‡q‡Q gš‘| `vIqv †_‡K

gKeyj †W‡K ej‡jv, ivB‡Zi †ejv GKUz mKvj KBiv wd‡iv gš‘ wgqv| nxi‡bi weqvi d`© nB‡ev AvRB|

evwoi mKj‡K AvR GKUz mKvj mKvj N‡i wd‡i Avm‡Z e‡j w`‡q‡Q ey‡ov gKeyj| we‡`k †_‡K †gngvbiv Avm‡e

I‡ì, LvwZi hZœ Ki‡Z n‡e| Avì Avc¨vqb K‡i LvIqv‡Z n‡e I‡ì| bB‡j evwoi e`bvg Ki‡e Iiv|

gš‘i Dc‡i Av‡iv GKUv fvi w`‡q‡Q gKeyj| bvI wb‡q wM‡q Uzwb‡K ev‡ci evwo †_‡K wb‡q Avm‡Z n‡e|

`yGK w`‡bi g‡a¨ bexbM‡i hv‡e gš‘| Kwig †k‡Li kixiUv GKUz fv‡jv n‡q DV‡jB †bŠKv wb‡q †ewi‡q co‡e †m|

c‡_i `ycv‡ki †ÿZ¸‡jv‡Z KjvB, gyM, gUi Avi mi‡l jvMv‡bv n‡q‡Q| mviviv‡Zi Kzqvkvq mKv‡j m‡ZR n‡q

D‡V‡Q Iiv| †iv` c‡o wkwk‡ii †duvUv¸‡jv wPKwPK Ki‡Q I‡ì Mv‡q|

gvwS-evwoi †`Dwoi mvg‡b Avw¤qvi m‡½ †`Lv n‡q †M‡jv gš‘i| cyKzi †_‡K GBgvÎ †MvQj K‡i wdi‡Q †m| Nb

Kv‡jv Pzj¸‡jv †_‡K Mwo‡q Mwo‡q GL‡bv cvwb Si‡Q| nv‡Zi †fRv kvwoUvi cvwb wbsov‡Z wbsov‡Z Avw¤qv

ej‡jv, gš‘ fvB ûU KBiv PBjv hvBI bv| wcVv evbvBwQ LvBqv hvBI|

gš‘ ej‡jv, GB mKvj †ejv †MvQj Ki‡Qv †Zvgvi kxZ jv‡M bv? Avw¤qv GKUz nvm‡jv ïay| wKQz ej‡jv bv|

mvivivZ wgqv-evwo‡Z avb †f‡b‡Q †m| GB kx‡Zi iv‡ZI avb fvb‡Z wM‡q mviv †`‡n Nvg †b‡g‡Q Ii| cy‡iv

Mv‡qi Kvc‡o Nv‡gi wekªx MÜ| ZvB mKvj mKvj †Mvmj K‡i wb‡q‡Q Avw¤qv| †L‡q †`‡q GKUz c‡i Nyg †`‡e †m|

DV‡e †mB Aciv‡nè| Zvici Avevi wgqv evwo P‡j hv‡e Avw¤qv| avb fvb‡e, mvivivZ|

gš‘‡K GKUv wcuwo‡Z em‡Z w`‡q Ii mvg‡b GK evmb wcVv GwM‡q w`‡jv Avw¤qv| Kuv_vi †fZi †_‡K gyL †ei K‡i

Kwig †kL ej‡jv, LvI wgqv LvI| e‡j Avevi Kvk‡Z ïiæ Ki‡jv †m| Avw¤qv ZLb cv‡ki N‡i wM‡q GKUv †Quov

Kvco w`‡q gv_vi Pzj Svo‡Q| gv‡S gv‡S ey‡ov bš‘ †k‡Li m‡½ Kx †hb K_v ej‡Q †m|

†eovi Lycwi w`‡q I‡K †`L‡Z jvM‡jv gš‘| AuvUmuvU †`‡ni Luv‡P Luv‡P `yišÍ †hŠeb| AvU nvwZ kvwoi euvab †f‡½

†d‡U co‡Z Pvq| AvR Avw¤^qv‡K eo fv‡jv jvM‡Q gš‘i| †Pv‡Li cjK †Rvov Clr †Ku‡c DV‡jv| nu¨v, Avw¤qv‡K

we‡q Ki‡e †m| †nvK nuvcvwb| †m c‡i †`Lv hv‡e| ey‡ov gKeyj‡K AvR‡KB Ii g‡bi K_vUv Rvwb‡q †`‡e gš‘|

mnmv GKUv wm×vš Í K‡i em‡jv †m|

Kwig †kL j¤v k¦vm wb‡q ej‡jv, Kx wgqv nvZ ZzBjv eBmv iBjv †h? gš‘ ZvovZvwo GKUv wcVv gy‡L cy‡i w`‡q

ej‡jv, ûu ûu GB‡Zv LvBZvwQ| wKQyÿ‡Yi g‡a¨B cy‡iv evmbUv k ~b¨ K‡i w`‡jv gš‘| Kuv_vUv fv‡jvfv‡e Mv‡q Rwo‡q

wb‡q Kwig †kL Kuvcv Mjvq ej‡jv, Avgvi eywS w`bKvj †kl nBqv AvB‡jv wgqv, Avi euvPzg bv|

Avnv Agb K_v Kq bv wgqv| Agb K_v Kq bv| ciÿ‡Y I‡K evav w`‡q gš‘ ej‡jv, gi‡Yi K_v wPš Ív KBi‡Z

bvB| Avqy KBgv hvq|

Kwig †kL Zey weoweo K‡i Avmbœ g„Zzï Avk¼vq †kvK cÖKvk Ki‡Z jv‡M|

iv‡Z G‡jv Iiv|

e‡ii gvgv, PvPv Av‡iv `ywZbRb †jvK|

nxi‡bi we‡qi d © n‡e AvR|

gKey‡ji evB‡ii NiUv‡Z divm †c‡Z emv‡bv nj I‡ì|

Mby †gvj øv em‡jb mevi gvSLv‡b|


Aveyj, ikx` Avi myiZ Avjx IivI em‡jv †mLv‡b| ey‡ov gKeyj cÖ_‡g Avm‡Z ivwR nqwb| ejwQ‡jv, †Zvgiv

mevB AvQ, fv‡jv g›` hv eyS Avjvc Ki wMqv| Avgv‡i Ii g‡a¨ UvB‡bv bv| ikx` ej‡jv, Kx K_v, Avc‡bi gvBqv

Avc‡b bv _vK‡j Pj‡ev †Kgb KBiv?

N‡ii †fZi †_‡K e‡ii PvPv nuvK Qvo‡jv, KB, †eqvB KB, †Zbv‡i †`wn bv K¨vb?

Ae‡k‡l N‡i G‡m GK‡Kv‡Y ¸wUmywU †g‡i e‡m co‡jv gKeyj| cÖ_‡g †gngvb‡ì fvZ LvIqvb n‡e| Zvic‡i d`©

n‡e we‡qi| gš‘ GZÿY my‡hvM LyuRwQ‡jv KLb ey‡ov gKeyj‡K wKQyÿ‡Yi R‡b¨ GKv cvIqv hvq| Zvn‡j wb‡Ri

we‡qi K_vUv I‡K ej‡e †m| GB kx‡Z, n u¨v GB kx‡ZB we‡q K‡i N‡i eD Avb‡Z Pvq gš‘| wKš‘ gKeyj‡K GKv

cvIqv †M‡jv bv|

mviv evwo‡Z AvR wfo|

ivbœv N‡ii wfoUv me‡P‡q †ewk| evwoi †g‡q-cyiæl, Kv”Pv-ev”Pv mevB wM‡q Ry‡U‡Q †mLv‡b| mvivÿY eKeK

Ki‡Q| Kvi K_v †K ïb‡Q wKQz †evSv hvq bv| nuvwocvwZj¸‡jv GKcv‡k †U‡b wb‡q evmb evmb fvZ evo‡Q

Av‡gbv|

nVvr gš‘‡K mvg‡b †c‡q Av‡gbv wR‡Ám Ki‡jv, gvbyl KÕRb?

gš‘ ej‡jv, AvURb|

AvURb! Av‡gbvi gv_vq ixwZg‡Zv evR co‡jv| AvUR‡bi wK fvZ ivbwQ Avwg? Avwg †Zv ivbwQ PvBiR‡bi|

†Zvgvi fvB‡q Avgv‡i PvBiR‡bi K_v KBwQ‡jv|

eo Ni †_‡K ivbœvN‡ii w`‡K AvmwQ‡jv gKeyj, K_vUv Kv‡b †M‡jv Ii| ciÿ‡Y wfZ‡i G‡m iv‡M †d‡U co‡jv

†m| Avwg wK RvBbZvg, AvURb AvBe Iiv? evievi KBiv KBqv w`wQ PvBiR‡bi †ewk AvB‡mb bv Avc‡biv| Iiv

Znb gvBbv wb‡Q| Avi GnbÑ e‡j †VuvU‡Rvov weK…Z K‡i GKUv wekªx gyLfw½ Ki‡jv gKeyj, nvjvi fvZ †hb GB

R‡b¥ †`‡n bvB nvjviv|

nB‡Q nB‡Q| Avc‡b Avi wPj øv‡qb bv, _v‡gb| †gS eD dv‡Zgv Pvcv Mjvq ej‡jv, hvb hv Av‡Q Zv w`‡q GKevi

LvIqvb| Avgiv bv nq c‡i Lvgy|

dv‡Zgvi K_vq kvš Í n‡q P‡j hvw”Qj gKeyj, gš‘i w`‡K †PvL co‡Z ej‡jv, ZvB‡j gš‘ wgqv Zzwg KvBj ciï

GKw`b bexbMi hvI| †Kgb?

gš‘ ms‡ÿ‡c Nvo bvo‡jv|

wb‡Ri K_vUv ej‡Z wM‡qI ej‡Z cvi‡jv bv †m| mnmv Zvi g‡b GKUv bZzb wPš Ív G‡jv| Uzwb wd‡i G‡j I‡K

w`‡q K_vUv gKeyj‡K ejv‡e gš‘|

LvIqv-`vIqv †k‡l d`© Ki‡Z em‡jv mevB|

cÖ_‡g DV‡jv †`bv-cvIbvi cÖkœUv|

e‡ii PvPv B`b †kL ej‡jv, Aj¼vicÎ †ewk wèvi cvigy bv wgqv| nv‡Zi `yB †Rvov Pzwo Avi Kv‡bi `yBWv SzgKv|

Mjvi Avi Kg‡iiWv w`‡ev †K? myiZ Avjx m‡½ m‡½ ej‡jv, IB¸‡jvI w`‡Z AB‡ev Avc‡b‡Mv‡i|

cv‡qiUv‡i ev` w`jv K¨vb wgqv, Aüv? Aveyj †Rv‡ii m‡½ ej‡jv, cv‡qi GK‡Rvov gjI †Ìb jvM‡ev|

ey‡ov gKeyj b‡oP‡o em‡jv| myiZ Avi Avey‡ji w`‡K cig wbf©iZvi m‡½ ZvKv‡jv †m|

e‡ii gvgv Avie cvUvix g„`y †n‡m ej‡jv, GB evRv‡i GZ¸jvb wRwbm w`‡Z †M‡j wK Kg UvKvi ìKvi wgqv|

Av‡iv GKUz Kg mg KBiv a‡ib| Av”Qv, cv‡qiUv bv nq bvB w`jvg| gvSLv‡b c‡o ga¨ ’Zv K‡i w`‡jv ikx`|

evwK¸jvb †Zv w`‡eb? n u¨v ZvB mB| myiZ Avjx ej‡jv, †mvbvi wRwbm †Zv Avi wèvi jvM‡Q bv iƒcvi wRwbm

w`‡eb| Zv gb KlvKwli Kx ìKvi?

gKeyj wKQyB ej‡jv bv| GKcv‡k e‡m iB‡jv Pzc K‡i|

Mby †gvj øvI bxie| bxi‡e ïay ZQwen co‡Qb Xz‡j Xz‡j|

Mnbvi K_v †kl n‡j c‡i †gvnivbvi K_v DV‡jv|

B`b †kL ej‡jv, me e¨vcv‡i Avcbv‡MvWv gvBbv wbwQ| GB e¨vcv‡i wKš‘K Avgv‡MvWv gvb‡Zv AB‡ev|

Avnv K‡qb bv ïwb| ikx` Nvo SuvKv‡jv|


B`b ej‡jv, †gvnivbvWv cuvP UvKvB a‡ib|

cuvP Uvnv? A uv cuvP Uvnv? Kb Kx? ixwZg‡Zv †ÿ‡c DV‡jv myiZ| gvBqv wK gvMbv cvB‡Qb bvwn? Aüv| gvBqvi wK

†Kv‡bv `vg bvB?

Avn, `vg Av‡Q eBjvB †Zv cuvP Uvnv KBevi jvMwQ| bB‡j wK Avi wZb Uvnvi Dc‡i DVZvg| Avevi cvUvixi

KÉ¯‡i weiw³ S‡i co‡jv| KÉ¯‡i weK…wZ G‡b †m ej‡jv, m°j w`K w`qvB evovevwo Kievi jvM‡Qb Avcbviv|

Av”Qv hvb, Av‡iv AvU Avbv evovqv w`jvg| †gvU mv‡o cuvP Uvnv|

bv weqvB| Zv Aq bv, AB‡ev bv| GZÿ‡Y K_v ej‡jv ey‡ov gKeyj| GZ Kg †gvnivbvq gvBqv‡i weqv wèvi cvigy

bv, e‡j nVvr †Ku‡` DV‡jv †m, gvBqv Avgvi KBjRvi UzKiv †eqvB| KZ Kó KBiv gvbyl KiwQ| `ynv‡Z †Pv‡Li

cvwb gyQ‡jv gKeyj|

wek Uvnv hw` †gvnivbv †`b ZvB‡j gvBqv weqv w`gy|

gKey‡ji †Pv‡Li cvwb †`‡L AcÖwZf n‡q †M‡jv mevB| gvS ivZ ch©š Í A‡bK ZK©weZ‡K©i ci †mvqv GMvi UvKvq

wgUgvU nj me| we‡qi w`b ZvwiL wVK K‡i †gngvbiv we`vq wb‡q †M‡jv| g‡b g‡b Lywk nj gKeyj| †mvqv GMvi

UvKv †gvnivbvq Gi Av‡M G evwoi †Kv‡bv †g‡qi we‡q nqwb|

bexbM‡ii †QvU Lv‡j G‡m bvI‡qi †bvOi †dj‡jv gš‘|

Lvj cv‡o D‡V ùvov‡j Uzwb‡ì evwoi j¤^v bvi‡Kj Avi ZvjMvQ¸‡jv †`Lv hvq| Avi †mB Zvj-bvi‡K‡ji e‡bi

duv‡K I‡ì †`Dwo NiUvI †Pv‡L c‡o GLvb †_‡K|

†bŠKv †_‡K bvgvi Av‡M gyL nvZUv fv‡jv K‡i ay‡q wb‡jv gš‘| cyi‡bv jywOUv cvj‡U wb‡q bZzb jywOUv cij,

dZzqvUv Ly‡j RvgvUv Mv‡q w`‡jv †m| Zvici LÏ‡ii PvìUv Kuv‡a †d‡j, cyi‡bv QvZuv eM‡j wb‡q ax‡i ax‡i †bŠ‡Kv

†_‡K †b‡g G‡jv gš‘|

wKQy`~i G‡m c‡KU †_‡K UzwcUv †ei Ki‡jv|

Avmvi mgq ey‡ov gKeyj evi evi K‡i e‡j w`‡q‡Q, KzUzgevwo‡Z wM‡q †hb gš‘ Ggb wKQy bv K‡i hvi d‡j evwoi

e`bvg n‡Z cv‡i| UzwcUv gv_vq c‡i wb‡q Pvicv‡k †`L‡Z †`L‡Z GwM‡q Pjj gš‘| c_NvU Rvbv Av‡Q Ii| Gi

Av‡M gKey‡ji we‡qi mgq GKevi G‡mwQ‡jv †m| w`b wZ‡bK †_‡K wM‡q‡Q GLv‡b| iv¯ Ívq `yPviRb AcwiwPZ

†jvK Clr we¯§q wb‡q ZvwK‡q †`LwQ‡jv I‡K|

ZLb mÜ¨v †b‡g G‡m‡Q| Suv‡K Suv‡K ev`yi D‡o hv‡”Q G MÖvg †_‡K I MÖv‡g| GKUz GKUz K‡i VvÐv co‡Z kiæ

K‡i‡Q| Gw`‡Ki †jv‡Kiv Gi g‡a¨ †LRyi MvQ †K‡U im bvgv‡Z kyiæ K‡i w`‡q‡Q| c‡_ Avm‡Z wZb PviRb

MvQywbi m‡½ †`Lv n‡q †M‡jv gš‘i|

aviv‡jv evUvj w`‡q MvQ Kv‡U Iiv| Zvici gvwUi Kjmx Szwj‡q w`‡q †b‡g Avm‡Q MvQ †_‡K|

Uzwb‡ì evwoi mvg‡b G‡m hvi m‡½ gš‘i cÖ_g †`Lv nj †m Uzwbi PvPv †gvZv‡je wkK`vi| m‡Ü¨‡ejv Miæ-

evQyi¸‡jv‡K †VwO‡q †Mvqvj N‡ii w`‡K wb‡q hvw”Q‡jv †m|

gš‘‡K †`‡L nv K‡i wKQyÿY Ii w`‡K ZvwK‡q iB‡jv| Zvici ej‡jv, gš‘ wgqv bv? Kx g‡b KBiv? gš‘ GwM‡q G‡m

cv a‡i mvjvg Ki‡jv Ii| Zvici ej‡jv, fvBRvb cvVvB‡Q, Uwzb fvex‡i wbevi jvBMv|

A| gyLLvbv Clr duvK K‡i Miæ¸‡jv‡K †VOv‡Z †VOv‡Z Avevi †MvqvjN‡ii w`‡K P‡j †M‡jv †gvZv‡je wkK`vi|

GKUz c‡i Avevi wd‡i G‡jv †m| ej‡jv, Av‡qb wfZ‡i Av‡qb| UzwcUv wVK Av‡Q wKbv GKevi †`‡L wb‡jv gš‘,

Zvici wkK`v‡ii wcQy wcQy †fZi evwo‡Z GwM‡q Pj‡jv †m|

†`Dwoi cv‡k GKLvbv euv‡ki †eov w`‡q evB‡ii †jvK‡ì KvQ †_‡K †fZi evwoi c`©v iÿv Kiv n‡q‡Q| ZviB

cv‡k K‡qKUv ev”Pv †Q‡j‡g‡q G‡m uvwo‡q‡Q| gy‡Li g‡a¨ AvOyj cy‡i w`‡q AevK †Pv‡L †`L‡Q Iiv| †fZi evwoi

D‡Vv‡b G‡m ùvov‡Z gš‘ †`L‡jv, N‡ii `vIqvq GKUv euv‡ki m‡½ †njvb w`‡q ùvwo‡q Uzwb| mviv gy‡L Ii nvwm

†hb Dc‡P co‡Q| bxi‡e Ii w`‡K ZvwK‡q i‡q‡Q †m|

gš‘‡K Uzwb‡ì Ni ch©š Í GwM‡q w`‡q †M‡jv wkK`vi|

imyB Ni †_‡K Uzwbi gv †ewi‡q G‡jb evB‡i| gš‘ mvjvg Ki‡jv Zv‡K|

gv ej‡jb, KB‡i Uzwb| wgqv‡i GKLvbv Rj‡PŠwK AvBbv †`, eDK|


Mby †gvjøvi KvQ †_‡K †bqv ZvweRUv evû‡Z evuav Av‡Q wKbv †`L‡jv| Zvic‡i †K †hb Pvcv ¯‡i I‡K WvK‡jv,

GB| mnmv †Kv‡bv mvov w`‡jv bv gš‘|

nVvr Ii nvZLvbv k³ gy‡Vvi g‡a¨ †P‡c ai‡jv †m| big ZzjZz‡j GKUv nvZ| GKUv A¯úó KvZ‡ivw³ †kvbv

†M‡jv, Dt GB|

cigyn~‡Z© nvZLvbv †Q‡o w`‡jv gš‘| Uzwb?

Bm, K_v K‡qv bv| gvq ûbe| Ii gy‡Li Ic‡i GKLvbv nvZ ivL‡jv Uzwb| Zvici gyLLvbv Av‡iv bvwg‡q G‡b Av‡¯ Í

Av‡ Í K‡i ej‡jv, Pzc kã KB‡iv bv| †kvb, PzcPvc DBW¨v AvBI Avgvi m‡½|

wKQy ey‡S DV‡Z cvi‡jv bv gš‘| Uzwbi gy‡Li w`‡K AevK n‡q wKQyÿY ZvwK‡q iB‡jv I| Zvici ax‡i ax‡i D‡V

em‡jv †m| GKUz c‡i Uzwbi wcQy wcQy evB‡i †ewi‡q G‡jv gš‘|

evB‡i G‡m †`L‡jv Uzwbi nv‡Z GKUv gvwUi Kjm| kx‡Z `yR‡b ixwZg‡Zv KuvcwQ‡jv Iiv|

gš‘ cÖkœ Ki‡jv, Kx, Kx AB‡Q?

Uzwb wdK K‡i †n‡m w`‡q ej‡jv, wKQy Aq bvB, Gw`‡K AvBI| Ii GKLvbv nvZ a‡i AÜKv‡i †U‡b wb‡q Pj‡jv

Zv‡K| evi evwo‡Z G‡m gš‘ Avevi cÖkœ Ki‡jv, KB Pjjv?

Uzwb kã K‡i nvm‡jv, Avevi ej‡jv, Kjmx Mjvq w`qv yBR‡b cyKz‡i WzBev giæg Pj| Zvic‡iB gš‘i w`‡K Ny‡i

`vuwo‡q mnmv cÖkœ Ki‡jv †m, Avgvi m‡½ giZv cviev bv?

Kx DËi †`‡e †f‡e †c‡jv bv gš‘| wKš‘ DË‡ii A‡cÿv bv K‡i Avevi †n‡m DV‡jv Uzwb| nvwmi `g‡K †`nUv

evievi `y‡j DV‡jv Zvi| ej‡jv, Nveov‡qv bv wgqv †Zvgv‡i gviæg bv| e‡j Avevi Pj‡Z jvM‡jv †m|

GZÿY GZ AevK n‡q wM‡qwQ‡jv gš‘ †h kx‡Zi cÖ‡KvcUv wVK ey‡S DV‡Z cv‡iwb| we¯§‡qi †Nvi †K‡U †h‡Z bv

†h‡Z cÖPÐ kx‡Z ùv‡Z ùvZ †j‡M G‡jv Ii|

GKUv j¤^v †LRyi Mv‡Qi wb‡P G‡m ùvov‡jv Uzwb| KjwmUv gš‘i nv‡Z w`‡q ej‡jv, GBUv ivL nv‡Z Zvici ci‡bi

kvwoUv‡K jywOi g‡Zv ¸wU‡q wb‡jv †m| gš‘ Kuvcv Mjvq ïav‡jv Kx Ki?

Ii cÖ‡kœi †Kv‡bv Reve w`‡jv bv Uzwb| wbwe ©Kvifv‡e †LRyi MvQUv †e‡q Ic‡i D‡V †M‡jv †m|

gš‘i g‡b nj I ¯cœ †`L‡Q|

GKUz c‡i GK nv‡Z i‡mi nuvwoUv wb‡q Ab¨ nv‡Z MvQ †e‡q ax‡i ax‡i wb‡P †b‡g G‡jv Uzwb| Kjwmi g‡a¨ imUv

†X‡j nuvwoUv †i‡L Avmevi Rb¨ Avevi Ic‡i hvw”Q‡jv Uzwb| gš‘ ej‡jv, Av‡i Kx Ki| MvQ GLb wcQj| cBov

hvBev|

†cQb wd‡i ZvwK‡q nvm‡jv Uzwb| ej‡jv, Bm KZ DVwQ| cv‡ki †Svc †_‡K `y‡Uv wkqvj Qy‡U G‡m wKQy `~‡i ùvwo‡q

gš‘i w`‡K nv K‡i ZvwK‡q iB‡jv wKQyÿY| †PvL‡Rvov AÜKv‡i R¡jR¡j Ki‡Q I‡ì| gš‘ GKUv agK w`‡Z Qy‡U

cvwj‡q †M‡jv Iiv|

Uzwb †b‡e G‡m ej‡jv, Kv‡i agKvI?

gš‘ Av‡ Í K‡i ej‡jv, wkqvj|

Av‡iv A‡bK¸‡jv †LRyi MvQ †_‡K im bvwe‡q Kjwm fwZ© Ki‡jv Iiv| kx‡Zi iv‡Z Kzqvkvi e„wó Si‡Q Pviw`‡K|

gvwU wf‡R †M‡Q| Mv‡Qi cvZv¸‡jvI †fRv| Av‡kcv‡k ZvKv‡Z †M‡j †ewk `~‡i †`Lv hvq bv| Kzqvkvi Avei‡Y

†X‡K Av‡Q Pviw`K| nVvr gš‘i Mv‡q nvZ w`‡q Uzwb ej‡jv, kxZ jvMZv‡Q eywS?

gš‘ †Kv‡bv Reve bv w`‡q cvëv cÖkœ Ki‡jv, †Zvgvi jv‡M bv?

Uzwb ej‡jv, Duû| e‡j gv_vUv †`vjv‡jv †m|

gš‘ ej‡jv, im w`qv Kiev Kx?

Uzwb ej‡jv, wmwbœ iv›`yg|

gš‘ †Kv‡bv K_v ejvi Av‡MB Uzwb Avevi ej‡jv, †Zvgvi bv‡q P‡jv|

gš‘ AevK nj, bv‡q wMqv Kx Kiev?

Uzwb wbwj©ß Mjvq ej‡jv, wmwbœ iv›`yg?

gš‘ ej‡jv, cvMj nBQ?


AevK| MvQywb †LRyi MvQ †K‡U im †ei K‡i hviv| evUvj †jvnvi ‰Zwi avivj A ¿| nv K‡i AevK n‡q|

†VOv‡Z †VOv‡Z Zvov‡Z Zvov‡Z| `vIqvq eviv›`vq| imyB Ni ivbœvNi| Rj‡PŠwK Kv‡Vi ˆZwi †QvU †PŠwK|

hvI‡bi jvwM D_vj cvZvj jvMvB‡Q hvIqvi Rb¨ e¨¯Í n‡q c‡o‡Q| by‡q c‡o‡Q †n‡j c‡o‡Q; wbPz n‡q

c‡o‡Q| NwU Kuvmv ev wmjfv‡ii ˆZwi †QvU cvwbi cvÎ| wU‡bi c¨vUiv wUb w`‡q evbv‡bv †QvU ev·| †envb

ivB‡Z Lye mKv‡j| cÖ‡Kvc ZxeªZv; wbwe©Kvifv‡e weKvinxbfv‡e; †Kvb wKQy‡ZB wKQy G‡m hvq bv Ggbfv‡e|

wcQj wcw”Qj| wbwj©ß mgš^qnxb; m¤úK©k~b¨| wbðj hv PjvPj K‡i bv; w ’i|

mvims‡ÿc :

Kwig †k‡Li †bŠKvq K‡i gš‘ bvbv RvqMvq †h‡Z ïiæ K‡i‡Q| †mw`b iv‡Z evwo wd‡i gš‘ †`‡L, gKey‡ji N‡ii

mvg‡b mevB RUjv cvwK‡q Av‡Q| nxi‡bi we‡qi cÖ Íve G‡m‡Q Uzwbi ev‡ci evwoi MÖvg †_‡K| nxi‡bi we‡qi

Av‡jvPbv cÖm‡½B mv‡jnv nVvr gš‘i we‡qi K_v †Zv‡j| bvbv †g‡qi cÖ Íve Av‡m; wKš‘ †Kv‡bvUv‡ZB mK‡j

m¤§Z nq bv| †k‡l Av‡m Avw¤qvi m‡½ Zvi we‡qi K_v| Av‡gbvB cÖ ÍveUv †`q| wKš‘ Avw¤qvi es‡k nuvcvwb

Av‡Q e‡j gKeyj AvcwË K‡i| nxi‡bi we‡qi Av‡jvPbv †kl K‡i N‡i wM‡q †`‡L gvPv‡Oi Ici GKivk kvcjv

Szj‡Q| Uzwb AvR ev‡ci evwo P‡j †M‡Q| hvevi mgq gš‘i Rb¨ †m †i‡L †M‡Q ¯§„wZwPý| Kwig †k‡Li evwoi

†`Dwoi mvg‡bB Avw¤qvi m‡½ †`Lv nq gš‘i| Avw¤qv GB kx‡Zi mKv‡jI cyKzi †_‡K †Mvmj K‡i G‡m‡Q|

Avw¤qvi †`qv wcVv †L‡Z †L‡ZB gš‘ wm×všÍ wb‡q †d‡j †m Avw¤qv‡K we‡q Ki‡e| Gw`‡K gKeyj Avevi Uzwb‡K

wb‡q Avmvi Rb¨ gš‘‡K `vwqZ¡ †`q| Uzwb‡ì evwo‡Z G‡m gš‘ mevi m‡½ †`Lv K‡i| mevB Kzkjvw` Rvb‡Z

Pvq| Uzwb wKQyB Rvb‡Z Pvq bv, †Kej gyL wU‡c nv‡m| gvSiv‡Z Uzwbi Wv‡K gš‘i Nyg †f‡O hvq| Uzwb gš‘‡K

†W‡K wb‡q wb‡RB †LRyi Mv‡Q D‡V im bvgvq| †m †bŠKvq e‡m i‡mi wmwbœ iuva‡Z Pvq| wKš‘ G‡Z gš‘

K‡Vvifv‡eB AvcwË Rvbvq| iv‡M, `yt‡L Uzwb i‡mi KjwmUv gvwU‡Z †d‡j †`q| ciw`b Uzwb mvivw`b GKeviI

gš‘i Kv‡Q Av‡m bv| iv‡Zi †ejvq gv‡K Rvwb‡q †`q, ciw`b mKv‡jB †m P‡j hv‡e| A_P Gi Av‡M UzwbB

gš‘‡K K‡qKw`b †ewo‡q †h‡Z e‡jwQj|


17. Ôimy‡bi gZ mv`v njy‡` †gkv‡bv Mv‡qi iOÕ Ñ Kvi?

K. dv‡Zgvi L. Avw¤qvi M. Uzwbi N. cwii

18. Kwig †k‡Li nuvcvwb ï‡b g‡bvqvi nvwRi g‡b †h cÖwZwµqv m„wó nqÑ

K. Avb‡›ì myi L. welv‡ì myi M. Zvw”Q‡jï myi N. wb›`vi myi


d«vB‡W‡Z d«vsKdzU© †_‡K wdi‡Z n‡e| †nv‡Uj †_‡K we`vq †bqvi mgq n‡q‡Q| KvD›Uv‡i †h‡ZB †nv‡Uj eq

awi‡q w`j GKwU dz‡ji †Zvov| Rvb‡Z cvijvg bv, †K G‡mwQj? †Zvovi wb‡Pi w`‡K †`Lv †Mj, eo hZœ

K‡i †jLv GKwU bvgÑ bvQwib|

19. DÏxcKwUi m‡½ ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †Kvb Pwi‡Îi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q?

K. Avw¤qv L. Uzwb M. mv‡jnv N. Av‡gbv

20. Giƒc mv`„‡kï KviY Ñ

i. fvjevmv cÖKv‡k ii. N„Yv cÖKv‡k iii. nZvkv cÖKv‡k


K. i L. ii

M. iii N. i, ii I iii


ej‡jv, Igv, Avwg GKjv _vKevi cvigy bv Gnv‡b| Zzwg hvBI bv|

gyn~‡Z© wbivk n‡q †M‡jv gš‘| I wb‡R Gi Av‡M †Kv‡bvw`b mvK©vm †`‡Lwb| †f‡ewQ‡jv GB my‡hv‡M GKevi †`‡L

†b‡e| wKš‘ Uzwbi K_vq †f‡O co‡jv †m| mvK©v‡mi Zuveyi w`‡K †PvL co‡ZB †`L‡jv ïay cyiæl bq, AmsL¨

†g‡q‡Q‡jI `‡j `‡j G‡m XzK‡Q Zuveyi g‡a¨|

gš‘Kx †hb fve‡jv| †f‡e ej‡jv, Avn, †`wi KB‡iv bv, Avn|

Ii wcQy wcQy wb‡P †b‡g G‡jv Uzwb| gv_vi †NvgUvUv †m GK nvZ j¤^v K‡i w`‡q‡Q| Avi †mB †NvgUvi †fZi w`‡q

we¯§q wegy» †Pv‡L Pvicv‡k ZvwK‡q †`L‡Q †m|

Zuveyi mvg‡b eo eo `y‡Uv n¨vRvK R¡vwj‡q w`‡q‡Q Iiv| GK cv‡k GK `j †jvK e¨vÛ evRv‡”Q|

Zuveyi ìRvi Dc‡i GKUv gvPvq P‡o `ywU †g‡q Ny‡i Ny‡i bvP‡Q| mviv Mv‡q gy‡L bvbviK‡gi iO †g‡L‡Q Iiv| Uzwb

AevK n‡q ej‡jv, Igv mig K‡i bv|

gš‘ ej‡jv, mig Ki‡e K¨vb, Iiv g¨vBqv †jvK bv, cyiæl gvbyl gvBq¨v mvR‡Q|

A| nv K‡i I‡ì w`‡K ZvwK‡q iB‡jv Uzwb|

ìRvq ùvovb †jvKUvi KvQ †_‡K wZb Avbv `v‡gi `yLvbv wU‡KU KvU‡jv gš‘| †fZ‡i Xz‡K †`‡L †Q‡j ey‡ov

†g‡q‡Z wZj avi‡Yi RvqMv †bB| Zuveyi GKUv †Kv‡Y Aí GKUz RvqMv wb‡q ¸wUmywU n‡q e‡m co‡jv Iiv|

wKQyÿ‡Yi g‡a¨ mvK©vm ïiæ n‡q †M‡jv|

cÖ_‡g GKUv †g‡q `y‡Uv j¤^v euv‡ki gv_vq euvav GKLvbv `woi Ici w`‡q wbwe©Kvifv‡e GKevi Gw`‡K Av‡iKevi

Iw`‡K †nu‡U P‡j †M‡jv|

`k©‡Kiv nv‡Z Zvwj w`‡q DV‡jv †Rv‡i|

Zvici Avm‡jv weKUvKvi †jvK| nv‡Zi gy‡Vvi Ic‡i wZb‡U gvbyl‡K Zz‡j wb‡q PiwKi g‡Zv †Nviv‡Z jvM‡jv †m|

mevB GKm‡½ evnev w`‡q DV‡jv|

Gic‡i Lye †Rv‡i e¨vÛ evRv‡jv wKQyÿY|

Zvi c‡iB G‡jv evN| G‡mB GKUv û¼vi Qvo‡jv †m|

Uzwbi `y‡Pv‡L Acwimxg we¯§q| †NvgUvi duv‡K GKevi Pvicv‡ki `k©‡Ki w`‡K ZvKv‡jv †m| ZvKv‡jv gš‘i w`‡K|

Zvici Avevi †PvL wdwi‡q wb‡jv ev‡Ni Ici|

mvK©vm †kl n‡j, `yR‡bi PgK fvO‡jv|

wfo †V‡j evB‡i †ewi‡q G‡jv Iiv| Nv‡U hvevi c‡_ g‡bvqvi nvwRi Pv‡qi †`vKv‡bi mvg‡b w`‡q Avm‡Z nq|

gš‘‡K †`‡L nvwR †`vKvb †_‡K wPrKvi K‡i DV‡jv, Av‡i gš‘ wgqv KB hvI, ïb ïb|

gš‘ GwM‡q hvevi †Póv Ki‡jv, cvi‡jv bv|

Av‡i wgqv Kv‡Ri K_v Av‡Q ïBbv hvI| `ynv‡Z I‡K Kv‡Q WvK‡jv g‡bvqvi nvwR|

Uzwb †cQ‡b ùvwo‡qwQ‡jv| Ii w`‡K GK cjK ZvwK‡q wb‡q †`vKv‡bi w`‡K GwM‡q †M‡jv gš‘| KvD›Uv‡i Av‡iv

A‡bK¸‡jv †jvK K_v ejwQ‡jv|

nVvr g‡bvqvi nvwR kã K‡i †n‡m D‡V ej‡jv, evn‡i evn weweRv‡b‡i m‡½ wbqv mvK©vm †`Levi AvBQ eywS?

m‡½ m‡½ AvU †Rvov †PvL A`~‡i `vuov‡bv Uzwbi Avcv`g ÍK wbixÿY Ki‡jv|

gš‘ wKQz ejevi Av‡MB, g‡bvqvi nvRx mvg‡b Szu‡K c‡o ej‡jv, Knb Kijv A u¨v? GKevi Lei w`jv bv| `vIqvZ

Kijv bv, GBWv †Kgyb K_v?

nZeyw× gš‘ Kx ej‡e wKQz †f‡e †c‡jv bv, †m ïay BZ ÍZt K‡i GKevi g‡bvqvi nvRxi w`‡K Av‡iKevi Uzwbi w`‡K

ZvKv‡jv evi K‡qK| GK wewPÎ Abyf~wZi Av‡e‡k gbUv f‡i D‡V‡Q Ii| g‡bvqvi nvRx ïav‡jv, †Kv‡bv KvR Kvg

bvB‡Zv?

GK †XvK wM‡j gš‘ ej‡jv, wKQz Pzwo wKbb jvM‡ev|

nu¨v, Zv wKbev bv, wbðq wKbev| GKMvj nvm‡jv g‡bvqvi nvRx| Zvici ej‡jv, Gnb P‡jv wgqv fvex‡i wbqv

AvRKv iv‡Z Avgv‡Mv evwo †gngvb ABev|


gš‘ ciÿ‡Y euvav w`‡jv, bv bv ZvovZvwo evwo wdib jvM‡ev| Ii K_vUv Kv‡b wb‡jv bv g‡bvqvi nvRx| †m Rvbv‡jv,

_vKvi †Kv‡bv Amywe‡a n‡e bv I‡ì| evwo‡Z Ni Av‡Q A‡bK¸‡jv, ZviB GKwU‡Z my›ì K‡i weQvbv †c‡Z †`‡e|

Zv‡Z hw` gš‘i AvcwË _v‡K Zvn‡j, Av‡iv GKUv fv‡jv e‡›`ve Í K‡i w`‡Z cv‡i g‡bvqvi nvRx| mvK©vm cvwU©i

ILv‡b †nv‡Uj D‡V‡Q K‡qKUv| GK GKUv Ni GK UvKvq GK iv‡Zi Rb¨ fvov †`q Iiv| †mLv‡bI B‡”Q Ki‡j

_vK‡Z cv‡i gš‘| cvb-LvIqv `vuZ¸‡jv †ei K‡i g‡bvqvi nvRx ej‡jv, Av‡i wgqv, bZzb eD wbqv hw` GKUz dzwZ©

bv KBijv ZvB‡j P‡j †Kgb KBiv| GB‡Zv eqm †Zvgv‡Mv|

GB kx‡ZI †N‡g D‡V‡Q gš‘| Uzwbi w`‡K ZvwK‡q †m eyS‡Z cvi‡jv, I fxlY weeªZ †eva Ki‡Q|

ÿYKvj c‡i gš‘ ej‡jv, Av‡iKw`b AvBmv Avcbv‡Mv evwo †gngvb ngy| AvBRKv hvB|

Ii Avgš¿Y iÿv bv Kivi R‡b¨ wKQyÿY `ytL cÖKvk Ki‡jv g‡bvqvi nvwR| Ae‡k‡l ej‡jv, Av‡iKw`b wKš‘K

AvBev wgqv| ej‡Z ej‡Z Uzwbi w`‡K ZvKv‡jv nvRx|

†Rvqvi c‡o hvIqvq, fvUvi cvwb A‡bK wb‡P †b‡g †M‡Q| †hLv‡b †bŠ‡KvUv †eu‡a †i‡L wM‡qwQ‡jv †mLvb †_‡K

A‡bK `~‡i m‡i †M‡Q IUv| gvSLv‡bi RvqMvUv cvwb Avi Kv`vq fxlY wcw”Qj n‡q c‡o‡Q| Ii Ici w`‡q nuvU‡Z

†M‡j AwZ mveav‡b Av½y‡ji bL¸‡jv w`‡q gvwU †P‡c ivL‡Z nq| bB‡j †h †Kv‡bv gyn~‡Z© c‡o hvIqvi m¤¢vebv

Av‡Q| wb‡P bvg‡Z wM‡q AÜKv‡i gš‘i dZzqvUvi GKwU †KvY k³ K‡i a‡i †i‡L‡Q Uzwb| GKUz AmZK© n‡Z cv

wcQ‡j c‡o hvw”Q‡jv †m| gš‘ a‡i †dj‡jv| gv_vi AuvPjUv Kuv‡ai Dc‡i Mwo‡q co‡jv, GKUv AùzU KvZ‡ivw³

Ki‡jv Uzwb| Kuv‡ai Dci †_‡K Ii gyLLvbv mwi‡q w`‡Z wM‡q gš‘ mnmv Abyfe Ki‡jv, Uzwbi `y‡PvL w`‡q cvwb

Si‡Q| wbtk‡ã Kuv`‡Q Uzwb|

fvwU Mv‡O bvI fvwm‡q w`‡q bxi‡e e‡m iB‡jv gš‘| gbUv AvR fxlY †f‡O c‡o‡Q Ii| mviv †`‡n Avðh© GK

Aemv`| †mw`b iv‡Z i‡mi KjwmUv †f‡O †dj‡jv Uzwb, ZLbI GZ Lvivc jv‡Mwb Ii| AvR †Kgb e¨_v Abyfe

Ki‡Q †m| ey‡Ki wbPUvq| Kj‡Ri g‡a¨|

†bŠ‡Kvi QB‡qi †fZ‡i PzcPvc e‡m i‡q‡Q Uzwb| GKUv K_v ej‡Q bv †m, GKUz nvm‡Q bv|

nVvr Mjv †Q‡o Mvb ai‡jv gš‘|

eÜz‡i Avkv wQ‡jv g‡b g‡b †cÖg Kwigy †Zvgvi m‡b|

†Zvgv‡i wbqv Ni evuwagy Mwnb evjyi P‡i|

I civ‡Yi eÜzqv‡i\

b`xi †mªvZ †bŠ‡Kvi Mv‡q Qjvr Qjvr k‡ã AvQ‡o co‡Q| †hb eûw`‡bi GB † œ‡ni Uvb‡K wPiš Íb K‡i a‡i ivLvi

R‡b¨ cÖvYnxb Kv‡Vi UzK‡iv¸‡jv‡K Mfxi Av‡e‡M evievi Rwo‡q ai‡Z PvB‡Q Iiv| Uzwb GL‡bv bxie|

Lv‡ji gy‡Li Kv‡Q †bŠ‡Kv _vgv‡Z nj|

fvUvi cvwb A‡bK wb‡P †b‡g †M‡Q| cvZv cvwb‡Z †bŠ‡Kv wb‡q †fZ‡i hvIqv hv‡e bv| GLv‡b A‡cÿv Ki‡Z n‡e,

hZÿY bv Avevi †Rvqvi Av‡m| †Rvqv‡ii †mªv‡Z †bŠKv wb‡q †fZ‡i P‡j hv‡e gš‘| wKš‘ †m GL‡bv A‡bK †`wi|

†fvi iv‡Zi Av‡M †Rvqvi Avm‡e bv|

†bŠ‡Kv _vgv‡Z †`‡L Uzwb GZÿ‡Y K_v ej‡jv, Kx, bvI _vgvBjv K¨vb?

nVvr wb‡Ri ARv‡š Í GKUv K_v e‡j em‡jv gš‘| ej‡jv, evwo hvgy bv| GBnv‡b _vKyg Avgiv|

K¨vb? K¨vb? Uzwbi KÉ¯^‡i DrKÉv|

ï‡b kã K‡i †n‡m DV‡jv gš‘| Ii nvwmUv KvUv euv‡ki euvwki g‡Zv †kvbv‡jv| †bŠ‡Kv †_‡K †bvOiUv wb‡q wb‡P

†b‡g †M‡jv gš‘| fv‡jv K‡i gvwU‡Z cvZ‡jv IUv| bB‡j †Rvqv‡ii cÖ_g av°vq gvS b`x‡Z hvIqvi fq Av‡Q|

Zvici cv †Rvov ay‡q wb‡q †bŠKvq DV‡Z DV‡Z Uzwbi cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡jv gš‘|

†Rvqvi bv Avmv ch©š Í GLv‡b A‡cÿv Ki‡Z n‡e I‡ì|

GBnv‡b? ej‡Z wM‡q Pvicv‡k ZvKv‡jv Uzwb|

Av‡kcv‡k †Kv‡bv RbemwZ †bB| `wÿ‡Y hZ`~i ZvKv‡bv hvq A_B cvwbi †XD| b`x GLv‡b euvK wb‡q Ny‡i †M‡Q

mvM‡ii w`‡K| K‡qKwU †R‡j †bŠ‡Kv gvS b`x‡Z wUgwUg evwZ R¡vwj‡q R‡j cvnviv w`‡”Q| gv‡S gv‡S G‡K

Ab¨‡K †Rvi Mjvq WvK‡Q Iiv| wbkxi evc RvBMv AvQwb, I wbkxi evc‡i KzB-KzB|


kvš Í nj| Zvici †Kv`vjUv nv‡Z Zz‡j wb‡q evwo Dc‡ii †ÿZUvi w`‡K P‡j †M‡jv, †m| hvevi c‡_ Av‡gbv Avi

dv‡Zgv‡K †W‡K †M‡jv gKeyj| gvwU Kzwc‡q mgvb K‡i gwi‡Pi Pviv jvMv‡Z n‡e|


AcjK cjKnxbfv‡e| Aemv` K¬vwš Í; `ye©jZv| GKwQwjg GK wUc| QB †bŠKvi Ic‡i †`qv Aa©‡MvjvKvi

Pvj we‡kl| cyuUzwj †euvPKv| gvBR ivZ gaïv‡Z kãwUi AvÂwjK iƒc| wRivI wekªvg bvI| †ÿg‡Zuv ÿgZv

ev kw³| `g a‡i‡Q wbðj ev †mªvZnxb n‡q c‡o‡Q| mgxPxb DwPZ| wbivk Avkvnxb| we¯§q wegy» †Pv‡L

Avðh© I gy»Zv †gkv‡bv `„wó‡Z| n¨vRvK D¾¡j Av‡jvi evwZ| mig j¾v| weKUvKvi A™¢zZ AvKvi wewkó|

wPišÍb wPiKv‡ji ev wPi w`‡bi| cvZv cvwb mvgvb¨ cvwb; cv‡qi cvZv †Wv‡e G‡ZvUzKz cwigvY cvwb|

RbemwZ †jvKR‡bi emevm| †jvKvjq Rbc` ev emwZ| we ÍxY© `xN©| wb Íä wbSzg †Kv‡bv cÖKvi

mvovkãnxb| cÖvšÍi eo gvV| wc‡j GK ai‡bi †ivM; wUDgvi| Mfxi Am‡šÍvl Lye gbtÿ zYœ; cÖej weiw³|

mvims‡ÿc :

ciw`b †fv‡i gš‘ Avi Uzwb iIbv w`‡jv| kvwšÍi nv‡U †bŠKv †i‡L Zviv mvK©vm †`L‡Z †M‡jv| hwÌ Uzwb‡K m‡½

wb‡q mvK©vm †`L‡Z gš‘i †Kgb j¾v jvMwQ‡jv| gš‘i GB j¾v kZ¸Y †e‡o hvq mvK©vm †`‡L †divi mgq

g‡bvqvi nvwR Uzwb‡K hLb Zvi ¿x e‡j g‡b K‡i| †m Nv‡U wd‡i G‡m †`‡L, fvUvi cvwb A‡bK wb‡P †b‡g

†M‡Q| Kv`vi g‡a¨ mZK©Zvi m‡½ gš‘i dZzqv a‡i Uzwb G‡Mv‡Z _v‡K| nVvr cv dm‡K c‡o †h‡Z †h‡Z Uzwb

gš‘‡K Rvc‡U a‡i wb‡R‡K mvg‡j †bq| Avi gš‘ eyS‡Z cv‡i Uzwb wbtk‡ã Kuv`‡Q| †fv‡ii w`‡K MÖv‡g †cŠuQj

Uzwb Avi gš‘| MÖv‡g Xz‡KB cwii `xwNi cv‡i wZb‡U bZzb Kei †`L‡jv Zviv| Zvi g‡a¨ GKUv Avey‡ji †eŠ

nvwjgvi| MZKvj `ycy‡i N‡ii g‡a¨ nVvr K‡iB Zocv‡Z Zocv‡Z gviv †M‡Q †m| nvwjgvi g„Zz¨ msev` ï‡b Uzwb

Kuv`j| evwo wd‡i co‡jv gKey‡ji Am‡šÍv‡li gy‡L| `yw`‡bi RvqMvq bexbMi †_‡K wdi‡Z Pviw`b †j‡M‡Q,

GRb¨ gKeyj wei³| Aek¨ b`xi †Rvqvi-fvUv Avi AvZ¥xq evwoi Aby‡iv‡ai K_v ï‡b gKeyj kvšÍ nq|


21.ÔeÜz‡i Avkv wQj g‡b g‡bÕ MvbwU †K †M‡qwQj?

K. Kwig †kL L. g‡bvqvi nvwR M. myiZ Avjx N. gš‘ wgqv

22. †Rvqv‡ii mgq †bŠKv Pvjv‡bv hvq bv †h Kvi‡YÑ

K. DRv‡b †bŠKv evIqv KóKi L. b`x‡Z eo eo †XD _v‡K

M. DRv‡b †bŠKv evIqv gvwS‡ì U¨vey N. R‡ji Pv‡c †bŠKv Wz‡e hvq


w`w` `yM©vi wcQ‡b wcQ‡b AcyI `ya †`vIqv †`wL‡Z †Mj| †m evwni DVv‡b cv w`‡ZB yM©v nv‡Zi wc‡V `yg

Kwiqv wbN©vZ GK wKj emvBqv w`qv KwnjÑj²xQvov euvì| c‡i gyL f¨vOvBqv KwnjÑAvg †L‡q ùvZ U‡K

wM‡q‡Q-Avevi †Kv‡bvw`b Avg †`‡ev †LI-QvB †`‡ev|

23. DÏxc‡Ki `„M©v I Acy ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †Kvb †Kvb PwiÎ‡K cÖwZdwjZ K‡i?

K. gš‘ I Uzwb L. gKeyj I Av‡gbv M. Aveyj I nvwjgv N. Kwig †kL I Avw¤qv

24. Giƒc mv`„‡kï KviY Ñ

i. PcjZvq ii. Awfgv‡b iii. N„Yvq


K. i L. ii M. iii N. ii I iii


cvVwfwËK D‡Ïk¨


nxi‡bi we‡qi mgqKvi Avb›`Nb cwi‡e‡ki eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

we‡q‡K †K›`ª K‡i MÖv‡g †h me †jŠwKK AvPvi-Abyôvb nq Zvi cwiPq w`‡Z cvi‡eb|

IjvIVv wb‡q gKey‡ji evwo‡Z m„ó AvZ‡¼i eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡eb|

†`L‡Z bv †`L‡Z nxi‡bi we‡qi w`bUv Nwb‡q G‡jv|

GKgvÎ †g‡qi we‡q, ZvB Av‡qvR‡bi †Kv‡bv Kvc©Y¨ K‡iwb ey‡ov gKeyj| mv‡o AvU UvKv `vg w`‡q

GKUv QvMj wK‡b‡Q †m| nvU †_‡K wPKb Pvj wK‡b G‡b‡Q Avi Ava †mi wN|

wgqv evwo †_‡K K‡qKUv wP‡bgvwUi †cqvjv Avi eiZb avi wb‡q G‡jv Av‡gbv| eic‡ÿi †jvK gvwUi evm‡b †L‡Z

w`‡j wd‡i wM‡q nq‡Zv e`bvg Ki‡e Iiv, ZvB|

ey‡ov gKey‡ji kixiUv fv‡jv †bB| Pviw`‡K QyUvQywU Ki‡e †m-kw³ cv‡”Q bv †m| ZvB evwoi Ab¨ mevi Dc‡i

wewfbœ Kv‡Ri fvi w`‡q‡Q| myiZ Avjx, ikx`, Aveyj, gš‘ mevB e¨¯ Í| ey‡ov ïay `vIqvq GKLvbv wcuwoi Dci e‡m

Z`viK Ki‡Q me| †LuvR-Lei wb‡”Q| f‚uBqv evwoi M‡oi cv‡k eo †g‡nw` MvQ †_‡K †g‡nw` Zzj‡Z †M‡Q mv‡jnv

Avi dwK‡ii gv|

Av‡gbv Avi dv‡Zgv, Ni‡`vi¸‡jv †j‡c gy‡Q wVK K‡i wb‡”Q|

cy‡iv D‡VvbUv‡K Svo w`‡q cwi®‹vi SKS‡K ZKZ‡K K‡i Zzj‡Q Iiv|

Uzwb cyKzi Nv‡U evmbcÎ¸‡jv gvR‡Q|

hvi we‡q, †mB nxib imyB N‡ii `vIqvq PzcwU K‡i e‡m i‡q‡Q Avi AevK n‡q evievi gy‡Li w`‡K ZvKv‡”Q mevi|

`ycyi iv‡Z cvovcokxiv A‡b‡K G‡jv| Kv”Pvev”Pv †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì `j| `yLvbv eo eo PvUvB wewQ‡q wb‡q, D‡Vv‡b

em‡jv Iiv| Zvici mevB GKm‡½ K‡i Mvb ai‡jv

†g‡nw` †Zvgiv jvM †Kvb Kv‡R|

Avgiv jvMx `yjnv KBb¨vi mv‡R|

†XuwKi Dc‡i ZLb Avw¤qvI Mvb a‡i‡Q| we‡qi avb fvb‡Z G‡m‡Q †m| mÜ¨v †_‡K †XuwKi Dc‡i D‡V‡Q I Avi

Uzwb| ZLb †_‡K GK gyn~‡Z©i weivg †bB| D‡Vv‡b †g‡qiv Mvb MvBwQ‡jv| Zv‡ì m‡½ cvj øv †`qvi R‡b¨ Uzwb Avi

Avw¤qv `yR‡b Mjv †Q‡o Mvb ai‡jv|

fuvUzB‡i bv w`‡qv Kjv

fuvUzBi nB‡e j¤v Mjv|

me© jBÿY Kvg wP°b cÂ i‡Oi fuvU zB‡i|

mnmv kã K‡i †n‡m DV‡jv e y‡ov gKeyj| Ii gbUv Lywk‡Z f‡i D‡V‡Q AvR| †Rv‡i †Rv‡i ûu‡Kv Uvb‡Q Avi

Pvicv‡k †P‡q †P‡q †`L‡Q †m|

nxib‡K gvSLv‡b ewm‡q Ii nv‡Z †g‡nw` w`‡”Q mevB| gyLLvbv bvwg‡q wb‡q Pzc K‡i Av‡Q †g‡qUv|

myi‡Zi †Q‡j‡g‡q, KzÏym, cywU, wewšÍ Iiv nv‡Z †g‡nw` †èvi R‡b¨ Kuv`vKvwU ïiæ K‡i w`‡q‡Q| I‡ì ag‡K †mLvb

†_‡K Zvwo‡q w`‡jv mv‡jnv|

gKeyj ej‡jv, Avnv ZvovI K¨vb eD| GKUzLvwb †g‡nw` I‡MvI `vI bv|

nVvr dwK‡ii gv bvP‡Z ïiæ Ki‡jv| AuvPj `ywj‡q, Ny‡i Ny‡i bvP‡Z jvM‡jv †m|

KB †Mjv myi‡Zi wewe Avgvi K_v †kvb|

cvV-7

g~jcvV


Av‡ei cv•ÿv nv‡Z Kwi AvDjvBqv evZvm Ki|

dz‡ji cvLv nv‡Z wbqv †Rv‡i evZvm Ki|

Ii bvP †`‡L †Q‡j ey‡ov mevB kã K‡i †n‡m DV‡jv GKm‡½|

avb fvbv eÜ K‡i Uzwb Avi Avw¤qvI evB‡i †ewi‡q G‡jv|

Avw¤qv‡K Avm‡Z †`‡L bvP _vwg‡q Zvi w`‡K †` uŠ‡o G‡jv dwK‡ii gv, nvZ a‡i Zv‡K †U‡b wb‡q †M‡jv `‡ji

gvSLv‡b| Zvici I‡K jÿ K‡i dwK‡ii gv Mvb MvB‡jv|

†Kgb †Zvgvi gvI evc‡i, †Kgb I‡i wnqv|

GZ eo gvBqv ABQ bv KivB‡Q weqv|

Ii MvbUv †kl bv n‡ZB Avw¤^qv †b‡P D‡V Mv‡bi my‡i Reve w`‡jv|

†Kgb I‡i gvI evc‡i, †Kgb I‡i wnqv|

†Zvgvi g‡Zv KvÂb cvB‡j GLb Kwi weqv|

`~i †cvov KcvBjv, `~i `~i K‡i Zv‡K Zvov Ki‡jv dwK‡ii gv|

† uŠ‡o wM‡q gš‘i N‡ii g‡a¨ Xz‡K `yqv‡i wLj w`‡jv Avw¤^qv| mv‡jnv †n‡m ej‡jv, wK‡i Avw¤qv, GZ Ni _vK‡Z

†k‡l Avgv‡Mv gš‘ wgqvi N‡i XzBKv wLj w`wj|

gš‘ ZLb D‡Vv‡bi gvSLv‡b G‡m ùvwo‡q‡Q|

I‡K †`‡L MÖv‡gi imyi bvbx Zvi †dvKjv ùvZ †ei K‡i GKMvj †n‡m ej‡jv, Kx wgqv WzBev WzBev cvwb LvI| N‡i

wMqv †`n KBb¨v †Zvgvi N‡i wMqv wLj w`‡Q|

gš‘ Kx ej‡e †f‡e cvw”Q‡jv bv| nVvr Uzwbi KÉ¯‡i Pg‡K DV‡jv mevB|

Zxeª Mjvq †m ej‡jv, Kx ABZv‡Q Aüv? Kx ABZv‡Q| Kvg KvR dvjvBqv Kx ïiæ KiQ †Zvgiv| A u¨v?

mnmv mevB Pzc K‡i †M‡jv| G‡K A‡bï gy‡Li w`‡K ZvKv‡Z jvM‡jv Iiv| Uzwb ZZÿ‡Y imyB N‡ii w`‡K P‡j

†M‡Q|

gš‘ wbe©vK|

ìRv Ly‡j evB‡i †ewi‡q G‡m‡Q Avw¤qv| Zvi †PvLgyL cvKv j¼vi g‡Zv jvj| wPeyK Avi Mvj †e‡q Nvg Si‡Q

Ii| wKQyÿ‡Yi R‡b¨ mevB †hb †Kgb ¯ Íä n‡q †M‡jv| GKUz Av‡MKvi †mB Avb›` D”Q¡j cwi‡ekUv Avi GLb

†bB| dwK‡ii gv weo weo K‡i ej‡jv, Ggb Kx KBiwQ †h ivM †`nvb jvM‡Q| weqv evwoi g‡a¨B ˆn-‰P bv KBiv

wK Kv›`vKvwU Kigy? mv‡jnv ej‡jv, Avgiv bv Aq gš‘ wgqv Avi Avw¤qv‡i wbqv GKUz Lvwb VvÆv g¯‹iv KBiZvwQjvg,

Zv‡Z Uzwb wewei GZ R¡jb jv‡M K¨vb| Ii K_v †kl bv n‡Z S‡oi †e‡M imyB Ni †_‡K evB‡i †ewi‡q G‡jv Uzwb|

Kx KBjv A uv, Kx KBjv A uv? Pzj¸‡jv evZv‡m Do‡Q Ii| †PvL‡Rvov R¡j‡Q| mv‡jnv m‡½ m‡½ ej‡jv, hv KBevi

Zv KBwQ, †Zvgvi GZ †cvov jv‡M K¨vb| e‡j gyL f¨vsPv‡jv †m|

ciÿ‡Y GKUv AevK KvÐ K‡i em‡jv Uzwb| mv‡jnvi Pz‡ji †MvQvUv a‡i nüvPKv Uv‡b I‡K gvwU‡Z †d‡j w`‡jv †m|

Zvici †Pv‡Lgy‡L K‡qKUv G‡jvcvZvwo wKj Nywl †g‡i †`Š‡o †mLvb †_‡K cvwj‡q †M‡jv Uzwb| NUbvi AvKw¯§KZv

†K‡U †h‡Z wPrKvi K‡i †Ku‡` DV‡jv mv‡jnv| g‡b nj G gyn~‡Z© Ii gv gviv †M‡Q| Kvbœv ï‡b GNi INi †_‡K

†ewi‡q G‡jv A‡b‡K|

gKeyj `vIqv †_‡K wPrKvi K‡i DV‡jv, wK‡i Kx AB‡jv Aüv| Kx AB‡jv|

ikx`, myiZ mevB Qy‡U G‡jv †mLv‡b|

ikx` ej‡j, Kx Kv›`we bv KBwe wKQy, Kx AB‡Q? mv‡jnv †Kv‡bv Reve w`‡jv bv|

dwK‡ii gv eywS‡q ej‡jv me|

mv‡jnvi †Kv‡bv †`vl †bB| Avw¤qv Avi gš‘‡K wb‡q nvwmVvÆv KiwQ‡jv Iiv| Uzwb †ewi‡q G‡m nVvr mv‡jnv‡K

†g‡i‡Q|

gvBi‡Q| gvBi‡Q K¨vb? ikx` †ÿ‡c DV‡jv|

I‡K ivM‡Z †`‡L Av‡iv †Rv‡i Kvbœv Ry‡o w`‡jv mv‡jnv|


ey‡ov gKeyj weeªZ †eva Ki‡jv| BZ ÍZ K‡i ej‡jv, gš‘ Avi Avw¤qv KB †M‡Q? gš‘‡K N‡ii `vIqv‡Z e‡m _vK‡Z

†`Lv †M‡jv| wKš‘ Avw¤qv‡K cvIqv †M‡jv bv †mLv‡b| GB MÛ‡Mv‡ji g‡a¨ bxi‡e GLvb †_‡K m‡i c‡o‡Q †m|

dwK‡ii gv ej‡jv, I‡Mv †Kv‡bv †`vl bvB|

Kx †f‡e ey‡ov gKeyj G‡Kev‡i kvš Í n‡q †M‡jv| Av‡ Í K‡i ej‡jv, †Zvgiv ˆn-‰P KB‡iv bv| weqvi mgq GBme

fvjv bv| hv AB‡Q Zvi wePvi Avwg Kigy| LuvwU wePvi Kigy Avwg| e‡j `vIqvi w`‡K P‡j †M‡jv †m| Zvici

ûu‡KvUv nv‡Z Zz‡j wb‡q Avevi ej‡jv, KB †Zvgiv Pzc KBiv iBjv K¨vb, MxZ MvI, nüv MxZ MvI| †Q‡j-ey‡oviv

Avevi ˆn‰P K‡i DV‡jv|

dwK‡ii gv Avevi Mvb ai‡jv|

GK evUv cvb G‡b I‡ì mvg‡b bvwg‡q †i‡L †M‡jv Av‡gbv| ej‡jv, LvI| wKQyÿ‡Yi g‡a¨ cyi‡bv Av‡ekUv wd‡i

G‡jv Avevi| dwK‡ii gv bvP‡Z ïiæ Ki‡jv|

†Kgb I‡i gvI evc‡i, †Kgb I‡i wnqv|

GZ eo Wv½i ABQ bv KivB‡Q weqv\

we‡qi R‡b¨ wK‡b Avbv QvMjUv N‡ii †cQ‡b †e †e K‡i WvK‡Q| †Pv‡Li †KvY‡Rvov cvwb‡Z wf‡R D‡V‡Q Ii|

†fvi ivZ ch©š Í †KD Nygv‡jv bv|

Zvici GKRb `yRb K‡i †h hvi N‡i P‡j †h‡Z jvM‡jv| gš‘ m‡e Zvi SuvwcUv eÜ K‡i †`‡e Ggb mgq evB‡i

†_‡K av°v w`‡jv Uzwb| I wKQy ejvi Av‡M †fZ‡i G‡m XzK‡jv †m| cvb †L‡q †VuvU‡Rvov jvj K‡i G‡m‡Q| gy‡L

GKUv cÖmbœ nvwm, nv‡Z †g‡nw`| m‡½ gvwUi evwU‡Z K‡i Av‡iv wKQy †g‡nw` G‡b‡Q †m|

evwUUv gvwU‡Z bvwg‡q †i‡L Uzwb Av‡¯ Í K‡i ej‡jv, †`wn †Zvgvi nvZ †`wn|

gš‘ ej‡jv, K¨vb?

Uzwb ej‡jv, †Zvgv‡i †g‡nw` w`gy|

gš‘ ej‡jv, bv|

Uzwb ej‡jv, bv K¨vb, e‡j Ii nvZUv †U‡b wb‡jv †m| gvwU‡Z e‡m ax‡i ax‡i Ii nv‡Z †g‡nw` cwi‡q w`‡Z jvM‡jv

Uzwb| gš‘ †Kv‡bv evav w`‡jv bv| bxi‡e e‡m ïay Zv‡K jÿ K‡i g„`y nvmj| wKQyÿY c‡i Uzwb Avevi ej‡jv, Avgvi

GKUv K_v ivBLev?

Kx?

GKWv weqv Ki|

ûu|

`yR‡b Avevi Pzc K‡i †M‡jv Iiv|

Ii `ynv‡Zi Zvjy‡Z my›ì K‡i †g‡nw` cwi‡q w`‡Z w`‡Z Uzwb Avevi ej‡jv, Av‡iKWv K_v ivBLev?

Kx?

Avgvi cQ›` Qvov weqv KBiev bv|

ûu| GKevi Ii gy‡Li w`‡K ZvwK‡q †PvL bvwg‡q wb‡jv gš‘| Uzwb ciÿ‡Y Ii nvZUv †Kv‡ji Ic‡i †U‡b wb‡q †QvU

GKUv `xN©k¦vm †Q‡o ej‡jv, K_v w`‡jv? e‡j A™¢zZfv‡e Ii w`‡K ZvKv‡jv Uzwb| gš‘ Kx ej‡e †f‡e †cj bv| evi

K‡qK †XvK wMjj †m|

Zvici nVvr K‡i ej‡jv, kvcjv Zzj‡Z hvBev?

g„`y †n‡m gv_v bvo‡jv Uzwb| bv|

ZvB‡j Pj, gvQ awi wMqv|

Uzwb Av‡iv †Rv‡i gv_v bvo‡jv, bv|

bv K¨vb? gš‘i K‡É ag‡Ki myi|

Uzwb †n‡m ej‡jv, †jv‡K †`BLv †djvB‡j †K‡j¼vwi evavB‡ev| e‡j I‡V ùvov‡jv †m| gš‘‡K K_v ejvi †Kv‡bv

my‡hvM bv w`‡q ciÿ‡Y †mLvb †_‡K P‡j †M‡jv Uzwb|


myiZI †mLv‡b|

Aveyj †ewi‡q G‡m wR‡Ám Ki‡jv, Kx fvB mve, Kx AB‡Q?

Uzwb Avi Av‡gbvI †ewi‡q G‡jv evB‡i|

gKeyj ej‡jv, myiZ, ikx` Iiv KB?

Av‡gbv ej‡jv, myiZ Kv‡R †M‡Q, ikx` †M‡Q nv‡U, mv‡jnvi jvBMv mvey Avb‡Z|

Ii R¡i nB‡Q fxlY|

R¡i bvwn, Avnv KLb AvB‡jv? Mv‡qi dZzqvUv Lyj‡Z Lyj‡Z gKeyj ej‡jv, evcy †Zvgiv m°‡j GKUz mveav‡b

_vB‡Kv! I wewšÍi gv, euBwPi gv †kv‡bv, †Zvgiv GKUz mveav‡b _vB‡Kv|

†Miv‡g Ijv wewe AvB‡Q|

Bqv Avjøv gvc KBiv `vI! AvZ‡¼ mevB wkD‡i DV‡jv|

Mby †gvj øv IRy KiwQ‡jv, †mLvb †_‡K gyL Zz‡j cÖkœ Ki‡jv, †Kvb&nv‡b AvB‡Q Ijv wewe? †Kvb& evwo‡Z AvB‡Q?

gKeyj ej‡jv gvwS-evwo|

gvwS-evwo? GKm‡½ e‡j DV‡jv mevB| KqRb co‡Q?

wZbRb|

wZbRb †K †K †m K_v ej‡Z cvi‡e bv gKeyyj| c‡_ Avmvi mgq I-evwoi Avw¤qvi KvQ †_‡K ï‡b G‡m‡Q †m|

evwoi mevB‡K Av‡iK cÖ¯ Í mveavb K‡i w`‡jv ey‡ov gKeyj, †Zvgiv m°‡j GKWz mveav‡b _vB‡Kv evcy| GKWz †`vqv

`iæ` cB‡ov| e‡j LogUv Zz‡j wb‡q Nv‡Ui w`‡K P‡j †M‡jv †m|

dwK‡ii gv eywo GZÿY bxi‡e ïbwQ‡jv me, Gevi weoweo K‡i ej‡jv eo Lvivc w`bKvj AvB‡Q evcy| †hB

evwoWvi w`‡K GKevi bRi c‡o †mB evwoWvi G‡°ev‡i †kl KBiv Qv‡o Ijv wewe| eo Lvivc w`b-Kvj AvB‡Q|

e‡j wb‡Ri g„Z †Q‡jUvi Rb¨ Kuv`‡Z ïiæ Ki‡jv †m|

Uzwb `uvZ gyL k³ K‡i †Z‡o G‡jv Ii w`‡K, eywo hnb Znb Kvw›`Q bv KBjvg| wkM&wMi _vg|

agK †L‡q dwK‡ii gv Pzc K‡i †M‡jv| †mB we‡qi mgq mv‡jnv‡K gvivi ci †_‡K Uzwb‡K fxlY fq K‡i eywo|

B‡Zvg‡a¨ gš‘ Avi myiZ wd‡i G‡m‡Q|

Kuv‡ai Dci †_‡K Kz‡ovjUv gvwU‡Z bvwg‡q ivL‡Z bv ivL‡Z Uzwb GKcv‡k †U‡b wb‡q †M‡jv I‡K|

gvwS-evwo hvI bvB †Zv?

gš‘ Nvo bvo‡jv, bv K¨vb wK AB‡Q?

Uzwb ej‡jv, Ijv wewe AvB‡Q IBnv‡b| ej‡Z wM‡q gyLLvbv ïwK‡q †M‡jv Ii|

gš‘i `y‡Pv‡L we¯§q| ej‡jv Kvi KvQ _vBKv ïbQ?

I K_vi †Kv‡bv Reve bv w`‡q Uzwb Avevi ej‡jv, †kvb, IB evwoi w`‡K †M‡j wKš‘K Avgvi gv_v LvI| hvBI bv

wKš‘?

gš‘ mvq w`‡q gv_v bvo‡jv wKš‘ we¯§‡qi †Nvi KvwU‡q DV‡Z cvi‡jv bv †m| AvR mKv‡j wgqv-evwo hvIqvi c‡_

GKevi Kwig †k‡Li m‡½ †`Lv K‡i †M‡Q gš‘| †bŠ‡KvUv‡K fv‡jvfv‡e †givgZ Kivi welq A‡bKÿY Avjvc K‡i

Ii m‡½| wKš‘ ZLb †Zv Ggb wKQy ï‡bwb †m|

Avw¤qvi m‡½I †`Lv n‡qwQ‡jv, †mI wKQy e‡jwb|

D‡Vv‡bi GK †Kv‡Y `vuwo‡q mvZ cuvP fve‡jv gš‘| ey‡ov gKeyj‡K ZvgvK mvwR‡q †`qvi R‡b¨ †mB N‡i †M‡Q Uzwb|

GB my‡hv‡M evwo †_‡K †ewo‡q co‡jv †m|

`xwNi cv‡o gš‘ †k‡Li fvBwS RvgvB †Zviv‡ei m‡½ †`Lv nj| ci‡b jyw½ Avi KzZ©v| nv‡Z jvwV| eM‡j GK‡Rvov

cyi‡bv Ry‡Zv| gš‘‡K †`‡L cÖmbœ nvwmi m‡½ †Zvive cÖkœ Ki‡jv, Kx wgqv Lei me fv‡jv †Zv? gš‘ bxi‡e Nvo

bvo‡jv| Zvici wR‡Ám Ki‡jv, KB hvI k¦ïievwo eywS?

ûu, †Zvive k¦ïi evwo‡ZB hv‡”Q| KvRK‡g©i duv‡K A‡bK w`b Avm‡Z cv‡iwb, †LuvR-Lei wb‡Z cv‡iwb| ZvB my‡hvM

†c‡q GKevi mKj‡K †`‡L †h‡Z G‡m‡Q †m|


c‡KU †_‡K `ywU wewo †ei K‡i GKUv gš‘‡K w`‡q Av‡iKUv wb‡R aiv‡jv †m| wewo †L‡Z B”Qv KiwQ‡jv bv Ii|

Zey wb‡Z nj| mMb †k‡Li cyKzi cv‡o G‡m _vg‡jv †Zvive| Ry‡Zv‡Rvov eMj †_‡K bvwg‡q nvZ-cv †avqvi R‡b¨

Nv‡U †b‡g †M‡jv †m|

ej‡jv, GKUzLvwb ùvovb wgqv| ARy KBivwb|

nvZ-cv ay‡q Ry‡Zv‡Rvov c‡i Avevi Dc‡i D‡V G‡jv †Zvive|

c‡KU †_‡K wPiæwb †ei K‡i wb‡q ej‡jv, gvwS-evwoi Lei Rv‡bb bvwn m°‡j fv‡jv Av‡Q †Zv?

gš‘ ej‡jv, fv‡jv †Zv AvwQ‡jv, wKš‘K GKUz Av‡M ïbwQ, Ijv jvM‡Q|

Ijv? †Zvive †hb AuvZ‡K DV‡jv| cv‡qi MwZUv Kwg‡q G‡b †m ïav‡jv, Kvi Kvi jvM‡Q?

gš‘ ej‡jv, Kx Rvwb wVK KBevi cvijvg bv|

ûu| nVvr †_‡g †M‡jv †Zvive| wKQyÿY Kx †hb fve‡jv, Zvici cv‡qi Ry‡Zv‡Rvov Ly‡j Avevi eM‡j wb‡Z wb‡Z

ej‡jv, GB yt‡Li w`‡b wMqv Ibv‡Mv‡i Kó †`q‡bi †Kv‡bv gvwb Aq bv wgqv, hvB, wdBiv hvB| †h‡Z †h‡Z Avevi

Ny‡i ùvov‡jv †m| Av‡ Í K‡i ej‡jv, Avwg †h AvBQjvg GB K_vWv †KD‡i KB‡qb bv wgqv| e‡j gš‘i DË‡ii

A‡cÿv bv K‡i †h c‡_ G‡mwQ‡jv †m c‡_ `ªæZcv‡q Avevi wd‡i Pj‡jv †Zvive| nv‡Zi wewoUv AÜKv‡i Qyu‡o

†d‡j w`‡q Ii P‡j hvIqv c‡_i w`‡K wKQyÿY ZvwK‡q iB‡jv gš‘|


Ave cvwb| Kvc©Y¨ K…cYZv| KzZ©v †Q‡j‡ì †QvU Rvgv| †K‡j¼vwi evavB‡ev mK‡j e`bvg Ki‡e| Nwb‡q

Gj KvQvKvwQ G‡m coj| †cqvjv evwU| eiZb _vjv| Mo eo gvV| wLj w`j KcvU eÜ Kij| wPeyK

K‡cvj| cvKv j¼v jvj gwiP| ciÿ‡Y ci gyn~‡Z©| VvÆv g¯‹iv nvwm VvÆv| NUbvi AvKw¯§KZv nVvr N‡U

hvIqv †Kv‡bv NUbvi †Nvi| Rbk~b¨ †jvKRb †bB Ggb| `y‡Pv‡Li cvZv GK Ki‡Z cv‡iwb Nygy‡Z cv‡iwb|

givKvbœv ivwo‡Z †KD gviv †M‡j †jv‡Kiv †hgb Kuv‡` †Zgb Kvbœv| duvjwPi; wQ`ª| gv_v LvI kc_ we‡kl;

gv_vi w`we¨| mvZ-cuvP wewea; bvbv iKg| cÖmbœ mš‘ó; wbg©j| nüvPKv Uv‡b m‡Rv‡i Uvb †`qv|

mvims‡ÿc :

nxi‡bi we‡q‡K †K›`ª K‡i evwo‡Z mvRmvR ie c‡o †M‡Q| GKgvÎ †g‡qi we‡q; gKeyj ZvB †Kv‡bv K…cYZv

K‡iwb| Av‡qvR‡bi †Kv‡bv KgwZ iv‡Lwb| †g‡nwì Avm‡i nVvrB e„×v dwK‡ii gv‡K bvP‡Z †`‡L mevB Lye

Avbw›`Z nj| Ggb mgq †mLv‡b Avw¤qv Avmvq Zv‡KI dwK‡ii gv Avm‡ii gvSLv‡b †U‡b wb‡q bvP‡Z

jvM‡jv| j¾v †c‡q Avw¤qv dwK‡ii gvi KvQ †_‡K Qy‡U wM‡q gš‘i N‡i Xz‡K wLj AvU‡K w`‡jv| Uzwb †ÿ‡c

wM‡q mv‡jnvi Pzj a‡i nüvPKv Uv‡b gvwU‡Z †d‡j w`‡q wKj Nywl †g‡i †mLvb †_‡K P‡j hvq| Uzwbi GB A™¢zZ

AvPi‡Y evwoi mevB AevK n‡q hvq| gKeyj Uzwbi GB AvPi‡Yi h_vh_ kvw Íi weavb Ki‡e GB Avk¦vm w`‡j

Avevi mevB Avb‡›` †g‡Z I‡V| †fv‡ii w`‡K gš‘ hLb Nygy‡Z hvw”Qj ZLb Uzwb Av‡m Zvi Kv‡Q| gš‘i nv‡Z

†g‡nw` cwi‡q †`q| Zv‡K GKUv we‡q Ki‡Z Aby‡iva K‡i| m‡½ GK_vI e‡j †hb gš‘ Uzwbi cQ‡›` we‡q K‡i|

gš‘ Uzwbi K_vq mvq †`q| Uzwb‡K kvcjv Zzj‡Z †h‡Z e‡j, gvQ ai‡Z †h‡Z e‡j| wKš‘ Uzwb †Kv_vI †h‡Z ivwR

nq bv| Gw`‡K ˆPÎ gvm G‡m †M‡jv| GK †d uvUv e„wó †bB, evZvm †bB| Ggwb GKw`b gKeyj bZzb †eqvB

evwo‡Z †eov‡Z †M‡jv| fi m‡Ü¨‡ejv evwo‡Z wd‡i G‡jv GKUv AvZ‡¼i Lei m‡½ wb‡q| Ijvwewe AvµgY

K‡i‡Q| IjvIVvi msev‡` mevi g‡a¨ AvZ¼ Qwo‡q c‡o|


25. weqvB evwo‡Z gKeyj wK wb‡q wM‡qwQj?

K. Kjv L. ya

M. wWg N. Avjy


26. Uzwbi AmshZ AvPiY ey‡ov gKeyj †hfv‡e mvgvj w`‡qwQjÑ

K. Uzwbi †`vl A¯xKvi K‡i L. Uzwbi †`vl ¯xKvi K‡i

M. Uzwbi wePv‡ii Avk¦vm w`‡q N. Uzwb‡K kvmb K‡i

wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co–b Ges 27 I 28 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi w`b :

eicÿ nB‡Z `k nvRvi UvKv cY Ges eûj `vbmvgMÖx Pvwnqv ewmj| ivgmy›ì wKQzgvÎ we‡ePbv bv Kwiqv

Zvnv‡ZB m¤§Z nB‡jb; Ggb cvÎ †Kv‡bvg‡Z nvZQvov Kiv hvq bv|

27. DÏxc‡Ki ivgmy›ì ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †Kvb Pwi‡Îi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i?

K. myiZ Avjx L. ey‡ov gKeyj

M. K`g †kL N. Mby †gvjøv

28. Giƒc mv`„‡kï KviYÑ

i. ag©xq wewawb‡la ii. FYgy³ nIqv iii. mšÍvb evrmj¨


K. i L. ii

M. iii N. i I iii

cvVwfwËK D‡Ïk¨


Ijv IVv †iv‡M mg Í MÖvg Kxfv‡e kw¼Z n‡q D‡VwQ‡jv Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

Ijv wewe‡K wb‡q cÖPwjZ GKwU †jŠwKK DcvL¨vb wee„Z Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

gKeyj †Kb Avw¤qv‡K we‡q Ki‡Z PvB‡jv Zvi KviY e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

gvwS-evwo †_‡K GKUv KiæY wejv‡ci myi †f‡m G‡jv †mB gyn~‡Z©| GKRb eywS gviv †M‡jv| Kj‡RUv

nVvr †gvPo w`‡q DV‡jv gš‘i| gvwSi evwoi †`DwoUv †cwi‡q †fZ‡i Avm‡Z mviv †`n KuvUv w`‡q

DV‡jv Ii| bš‘ †kL gviv †M‡jv| nuvcvwb RR©i Kwig †kL g„Z evevi †`‡ni cv‡k e‡m Kuv`‡Q| Avw¤qv Kuv`‡Q Zvi

weQvbvq ï‡q| Ijv wewe Zv‡KI fi Ki‡Q| ZvB weQvbv †Q‡o IVvi kw³ cv‡”Q bv †g‡qUv| †mLvb †_‡K Kuv`‡Q

†m|

`vIqvi Ic‡i ùvwo‡q iB‡jv gš‘|

gvwS-evwoi Qwgi †kL I‡K †`‡L `ynv‡Z Rwo‡q a‡i AvZ©bv` K‡i DV‡jv| GB Kx gywQeZ AvB‡jv wgqv, Avgiv

eywS GBevi †kl ABqv hvgy| I‡K kvš Í Kivi †Póv Ki‡jv gš‘| Zvici Ii KvQ †_‡K evwK †LuvR-Lei wb‡jv †m|

†QvU fvB Rwgi †kL †KvweivR Avb‡Z †M‡Q `y‡µvk `~‡i iZbcy‡ii nv‡U| GL‡bv wd‡i Av‡mwb, †fv‡ii Av‡M †h

Avm‡e ZviI †Kv‡bv m¤¢vebv bvB| GB GKUz Av‡M Qwgi †kL, cwiev‡ii †Q‡j‡g‡q mevB‡K Zvi gvgvi evwo

cvwV‡q w`‡q‡Q| ey‡oviv g‡i †M‡jI †Q‡j‡g‡q¸‡jv hv‡Z euv‡P| bB‡j evc-`v`vi wfUvi Ici evwZ wèvi †KD

_vK‡e bv| Qwgi †k‡Li `yMÐ †e‡q cvwb Si‡Q| Zv‡K mvš Í¡bv w`‡Z wM‡q wb‡Ri †PvL‡RvovI wf‡R G‡jv Ii|

Avw¤qvi N‡ii w`‡K ZvKv‡Z †`L‡jv, weQvbvq ï‡q wejvc Ki‡Q †g‡qUv|

ciw`b †fv‡i GKUv Lš Ív Avi †Kv`vj wb‡q †ewi‡q co‡jv gš‘|

cvV-8

g~jcvV


cwii `xwNi cv‡o RvqMvUv Av‡MB †`wL‡q †M‡Q Qwgi †kL| K_v wQ‡jv GKUv Kei †Luvovi| GLb `y‡Uv Lyuo‡Z

n‡e| GKUv bš‘ †k‡Li R‡b¨ Av‡iKUv Rwgi †k‡Li R‡b¨| iv‡Z †KvweivR Avb‡Z hvIqvi mgq †fèwg ïiæ nq

Ii| evwo‡Z wd‡i Avmvi wKQyÿY c‡i gviv †M‡Q I|

Av‡M givi R‡b¨ Kei †Luvovi KvRUv bš‘ †kL Ki‡Zv| MZ wÎk eQi a‡i G Muv‡q hZ †jvK g‡i‡Q mevi R‡b¨

Kei Lyu‡o‡Q †m| †Kv`vj nv‡Z Kei †Luvovi mgq cÖvqB GKUv Mvb MvB‡Zv bš‘ †kL| AvR Ii Ke‡ii QK KvU‡Z

wM‡q †m MvbUvi K_v g‡b c‡o †M‡jv gš‘i|

GB `ywbqv `yB w`‡bi gymvwdiLvbv I fvB‡i|

gBi‡j c‡i me wgqv‡i hvB‡Z nB‡ev Ke‡i|

gvwU Lyuo‡Zv Avi †U‡b †U‡b Mvb MvB‡Zv bš‘ †kL| ej‡Zv, KZ gvby‡l‡i Kei w`jvg, KZ Kei LyuBojvg GB

Rxe‡b| Zvi wnmve wK Avi Av‡Q wgqv| GgbI w`b M¨v‡Q hnb, GKw`b mvZ AvUUv KBiv gvwU w`wQ|

†Mvi ’v‡b Kvi †KvbUv Kei, Kv‡K †Kvbw`b Ges †Kv_vq Kei w`‡q‡Q, me wKQy gy‡L gy‡L e‡j w`‡Z cvi‡Zv bš‘|

Avi hLb Kei Luyo‡Z wM‡q gvby‡li Aw ’ wKsev gv_vi Lywj †c‡Zv †m, ZLb mveB‡K †`wL‡q we‡Ái g‡Zv ej‡Zv,

wPbevi cvi G‡i? bv bv †Zvgiv wPbev †Kgb KBiv| Avwg wPwb, GBWv Kwjgyjøv gvwSi gvBqvi Lywj| GBnv‡bB †Zv

Kei w`wQjvg I‡i| Avnv gvBqv AvwQ‡jv e‡U GKwU| †h‡bv wUqv cvwLi QvI| †h GKevi †`BL‡Q †mB Avi fzjevi

cv‡i bvB| e‡j LywjUvi w`‡K Lye fv‡jv K‡i ZvKv‡Zv bš‘ †kL| Nywi‡q wdwi‡q evi evi K‡i †`L‡Zv IUv, Avnv Kx

gvBqv Kx ABqv †M‡Q| †mvbvi Puv` myiZ GLb wPbeviB cviv hvq bv| AwZ yt‡Li m‡½ bš‘ Avevi ej‡Zv, Mjvq

duvm w`qv gBiwQ‡jv AfvMx| RvgvBi m‡½ ewbebv AB‡Zv bv, ZvB| LywjUv G cv‡k Qyu‡o †d‡j w`‡q bš‘ e‡j

†h‡Zv, †mB eûZ w`‡bi K_v wgqv, Znb †Zvgiv me gv‡qi †c‡U AvwQjv| †mB bš‘ †k‡Li g„Z‡`nUv Ke‡i bvgv‡Z

wM‡q †PvL‡Rvov cvwb‡Z Svcmv n‡q G‡jv gš‘i| gBi‡j c‡i me wgqv‡i hvB‡Z AB‡ev Ke‡i| mvivw`b Avi evwo

wdi‡jv bv gš‘| `xwNi cv‡o KvwU‡q w`‡jv †m| Ii gv‡qi KeiUv †`L‡jv| GKKv‡j †ek DuPz wQ‡jv IUv| A‡bK

`~i †_‡K †Pv‡L co‡Zv, GLb gvwUi wb‡P Lv` n‡q †M‡Q GK nuvUz| A‡bK¸‡jv †QvU †QvU MZ© †b‡g †M‡Q †fZ‡ii

w`‡K, †mLv‡b gv‡qi `yGKLvbv nvo nq‡Zv AvRI Lyu‡R cvIqv hv‡e| gv‡qi R‡b¨ AvR nVvr fxlY Kvbœv †cj Ii|

g‡b nj I eo GKv| G `ywbqv‡Z Ii †KD †bB|

ïK‡bv cvZvi k‡ã †cQ‡b wd‡i ZvKv‡jv gš‘| Uzwb ùvwo‡q †cQ‡b| mvivw`b Ii †`Lv bv †c‡q A‡bK †Luv‡Ri ci

GLv‡b G‡m‡Q †m| gš‘‡K Ii gv‡qi Ke‡ii cv‡k e‡m _vK‡Z †`‡L wKQyÿY bxi‡e ùvwo‡q iB‡jv Uzwb|

Zvici Ii Kuv‡ai Ici GKLvbv nvZ †i‡L Av‡¯ Í K‡i ej‡jv, N‡i hvBev Pj| †Kv‡bv K_v bv e‡j bxi‡e D‡V

ùvov‡jv gš‘| wKš‘ ZÿzwY evwo wdi‡jv bv †m|

ej‡jv, Zzwg hvI Avwg Avwn|

Uzwb DrKwÉZ Mjvq ej‡jv, KB hvBev?

gš‘ ej‡jv, hvI bv AvBZvwQ| e‡j Uzwb‡K m‡½ wb‡q cwii `xwNi cvo †_‡K †b‡g G‡jv †m|

I hLb evwo wd‡i G‡jv ZLb †ek ivZ n‡q‡Q| evi evwo †_‡K gš‘ ïb‡Z †c‡jv Mby †gvj øv Iiv e‡m e‡m Kx †hb

Avjvc Ki‡Q|

Mby †gvj øv ej‡Q, me AB‡Q †Lv`vi KzìZ evcy| bB‡j GB w`‡b †Zv †Kv‡bvw`bB Ijv wewe‡i AvB‡Z †`wn bvB|

gKeyj ej‡jv, Ijv wewei Avi AvRKvBj w`bKvj wKQy bvB| hnb Znb Av‡n|

Av‡gbv ej‡jv, GK cv †Luvov wewei| Zey †hb †Kgb KBiv GZ evwo evwo hvq, Avjøvn gvjyg|

Ii K_v †kl bv n‡ZB Uzwb wR‡Ám Ki‡jv, †Kgb KBiv Ii GK cv †Luvov ABj eyqv?

ZLb Uzwb‡K eySv‡Z †j‡M †M‡jv Av‡gbv|

Ijv wewe, emšÍ wewe Avi h²v wewe Iiv wQ‡jv wZb †evb| wZb †evb GK cÖvY| †hLv‡b †h‡Zv GKm‡½ †h‡Zv Iiv|

KvD‡K †d‡j †KD †eiæ‡Zv bv evB‡i|

GKw`b hLb Lye my›ì K‡i †m‡R¸‡R Iiv iv¯ Ívq nvIqv †L‡Z †ewi‡qwQ‡jv ZLb nVvr nRiZ Avjxi m‡½ †`Lv n‡q

†M‡jv I‡ì| i½xb kvwo c‡i †eiæ‡j Kx n‡e, I‡ì wPb‡Z GK gyn~Z©I wej¤ nj bv nhiZ Avjxi| wZwb eyS‡Z

cvi‡jb Giv GKRb K‡jiv, GKRb emš Í Avi GKRb h²v wewe| gvby‡li me©bvk K‡i †eovq Giv| Avi Znwb GK


KvÐ KBiv eBm‡jb wZwb| Lc KBiv gv Ijv wewei GKLvbv nvZ aBiv w`‡jb †Rv‡i GK AvQvo| AvQvo LvBqv GKLvbv

cv fvB½v †M‡jv Ijv wewei| Avnv me †Lv`vi KzìZ| gKeyj m‡½ m‡½ e‡j DV‡jv, GKLvbv cv w`qv ywbqvWv‡i

R¡vjvBqv LvBZv‡Q †ewU| yB cv _vBK‡j †Zv ywbqvWv‡i GKw`‡b †kl KBiv dvjvBZ|

nVvr gš‘i w`‡K †PvL co‡Z ey‡ov gKeyj gyn~‡Z© †i‡M †M‡jv| wK‡i bev‡ei †eUv †Zv‡i GKkevi KB bvB, gvwS-

evwo hvBm bv, †Mwj K¨vb Aüv?

Mby †gvj øv ej‡jv, AvK&‡Kj cQ›` bvB †Zvi|

myiZ Avjx ej‡jv, evwoi Kv‡iv hw` Gnb wKQy Aq ZvB‡j KzovBj gvBiv Kj øv dvjvBqv w`gy †Zvi|

dwK‡ii gv eywo GZÿY Pzc K‡i wQ‡jv| Gevi †m ej‡jv, evcy †M‡jB Kx AB‡ev Avi bv †M‡jB Kx AB‡ev| hvi

gDZ Avjøvq †hB w`b †jBLv ivBL‡Q †mB w`b AB‡ev| †KD AvUKvBevi cvi‡ev bv|

wVK KB‡Qb PvwP, Avc‡b wVK KB‡Qb| m‡½ m‡½ I‡K mg_©b Rvbv‡jv Uzwb|

Ii K_v †kl n‡ZB nVvr dv‡Zgv Rvbv‡jv, MZ iv‡Z GKUv ¯cœ †`‡L‡Q †m| †`‡L‡Q GKUv †Luvov KzKzi Lyuwo‡q

Lyuwo‡q I‡ì MÖv‡gi w`‡K GwM‡q Avm‡Q|

eo fvjv †`LQ eD| eo fvjv †`LQ| dwK‡ii gv ciÿ‡Y ej‡jv, IB †Luvov KzËv, †Luvov †gviM Avi Miæi myiZ

aBivB †Zv Av‡n Ijv wewe| GK †Mivg _vBKv Ab¨ †Miv‡g hvq| e‡j mg_©‡bi R‡b¨ mevi w`‡K GK bRi

ZvKv‡jv †m|

gKeyj Rvbv‡jv, ïay ZvB bq gv‡S gv‡S †Luvov KvK, wkqvj wK¤^v †Luvov gvby‡li iƒc wb‡qI MÖvg †_‡K MÖvgvš Í‡i

hvZvqvZ K‡ib Ijv wewe|

nüv wgqviv| ey‡ov gKeyj mevB‡K mveavb K‡i w`‡jv| †Luvov wKQy‡i evwoi av‡i-Kv‡Q AvB‡Z w`‡qv bv †Zvgiv|

A‡Pbv †Kv‡bv †Luvov gvbylI bv| †`L‡jB IB¸jv‡i Zvov‡q Lvj cvi KBiv wÌ|

mK‡j Nvo †b‡o mvq w`‡jv| nüv ZvB Ki‡e|

iv‡Z Nyg nj bv gš‘i|

mvivÿY weQvbvq QUdU Ki‡jv †m| bv, GKUv we‡q I‡K Gevi Ki‡ZB n‡e| Ggwb GKv Rxeb Avi KZw`b KvUv‡e

gš‘| wKš‘ we‡qi K_v fve‡Z †M‡j B`vwbs Uzwb Qvov Ab¨ †Kv‡bv †g‡qi K_v fve‡Z cv‡i bv †m| kvwšÍi nv‡Ui †mB

ivwÎi ci †_‡K Uzwb Zvi mg Í AšÍi Ry‡o e‡m Av‡Q|

MÖv‡gZ KZ †jvK Zv‡ì eD‡K ZvjvK †`q| ey‡ov gKeyj †Kb ZvjvK †`q bv Uywb‡K? nVvr cwievbyi cyuw_i K_v

g‡b co‡jv gš‘i| myiZ Avjx gv‡S gv‡S myi K‡i c‡o IUv|

Ni bvB evwo bvB †`wL‡Z Rei|

cwievbyi AvwmK jBj Zvnvwi Dci|

KzjvwUqv MÖv‡gi GK M„n‡¯ Íi eD cwievby| ¯vgxi m‡½ wgjwgk n‡Zv bv| AócÖni SMov weev` †j‡M _vK‡Zv| Ni

†Q‡o cyKzi cv‡i wM‡q bxi‡e e‡m _vK‡Zv †m| Avi †mLvb †_‡K †`L‡Zv GKwU ivLvj †Q‡j‡K| `~‡i GKUv eU

Mv‡Qi wb‡P e‡m GKg‡b euvwk evRv‡Zv †m| Ggwb †Pv‡Li †`Lvq †cÖg n‡q †M‡jv|

Zvici|

Zvici GKw`b mgq eywSqv|

`yBR‡b cvjvqv †M‡jv †Pv‡L ayjv w`qv|

gš‘iI ZvB g‡b nj| Uzwb‡K wb‡q hw` GKw`b cvwj‡q hvq †m| `~‡i, eû`~‡i, `~‡ii †Kvb MÖv‡g wK¤v kn‡i| bv|

kvwš Íi nv‡U hw` I‡K wb‡q hvq †m Zv n‡j g‡bvqvi nvwR wbðq GKUv e‡›`ve¯ Í K‡i †`‡e| †mLv‡b Uzwb‡K wb‡q

msmvi cvZ‡e gš‘| †h-†Kv‡bv †`vKv‡b nvwR‡K w`‡q GKUv PvKzix RywU‡q †b‡e †m| Ggwb Av‡iv A‡bK wPš Ív Ki‡Z

Ki‡Z Nywg‡q co‡jv gš‘|

mKv‡j Nyg †_‡K D‡V evB‡i †eiæ‡ZB Av‡gbv wR‡Ám Ki‡jv, bš‘ †k‡Li evwoi †Kv‡bv Lei Rvb?

bv|

Igv Rvb bv? bš‘ †k‡Li †Q‡j Kwig †kL c‡o‡Q AvR|

gš‘ †Kv‡bv K_v ej‡jv bv|


Uzwb ej‡jv, gvBb‡li K_v ûBbv Kx AB‡ev| gvBb‡l †Zv A‡bK K_v Kq| Zey dv‡Zgv Avi Av‡gbv †Nvi AvcwË

Rvbv‡jv| gKeyj A‡bK †evSv‡Z †Póv Ki‡jv I‡ì| wKš‘ Iiv ivwR nj bv|

Ae‡k‡l gKeyj †i‡M †M‡jv, kvwm‡q ej‡jv, AZ K_v eywS bv| Avw¤qv‡i weqv Avwg KigyB| †Zvgiv cQ›` Ki wK

bv Ki|


Aó cÖni AvU cÖni; w`bivZ mvivÿY| Aweivg el©Y GKUvbv e„wó| Aw ’ nvo| Avjøv gvjyg Avjøvn Rv‡bb|

wK”Qv Mí; AwaKvskB iƒcK_v welqK| Lc KBiv nVvr K‡i| †L`gZ †mev; hZœ; cwiPh©v| wejvc

Av‡ÿcc~Y© K_v| RR©i RxY©; AZ¨š Í iæMœ| `y†µvk Pvi gvB‡ji wKQy †ewk; GK †µvk = 8000 nv‡Zi mgvb

A_v©r `yB gvB‡ji wKQy †ewk| evc-`v`vi wfUvi Ici evwZ wèvi †KD _vK‡e bv es‡ki DËivwaKvix wn‡m‡e Avi

†KD †eu‡P _vK‡e bv| †fèwg weivgnxb ewg| ewbebv m™¢ve; g‡bi wgj| evi evwo evwoi evB‡ii w`‡Ki

Ask| MÖvgvšÍ‡i Ab¨ MÖv‡g; GKMÖvg †_‡K Ab¨ MÖv‡g| wV‡K wb‡e avi †b‡e| m‡im †kªô; DrK…ó, DËg|

Rwgb Rwg k‡ãi AvÂwjK iƒc| BbQvd b¨vq wePvi| avb †Zv dvjvqv w`jv avb gvwU‡Z ey‡b w`jvg G A‡_©|

mvšÍ¦bv Avk¦vm w`‡q kvš Í Kiv; cÖ‡eva| MvRx Kvjy; †mvbvfvb cyuw_ mvwn‡Zï weL¨vZ me PwiÎ| dqmvjv

gxgvsmv; wgwU‡q †djv| †PvL cBov‡Q A‡b‡Ki bRi c‡o‡Q| m¤Ü we‡qi cÖ¯ Íve A‡_© GLv‡b eëüZ|

†bnv‡qZ mvgvb¨| Mfxi AšÍi½Zv Lye Aš Íi½fv‡e| cÖwZev` AvcwË| kvmv‡bv fq †`Lv‡bv|

mvims‡ÿc :

Ijv wewei Avµg‡Y †K KLb gviv hv‡e Zvi †Kv‡bv wVK †bB| gvwS evwoi bš‘ †kL gviv †M‡jv| Ijv wewe

m¤ú‡K© MÖv‡gi †jvK‡ì g‡a¨ GKUv aviYv cÖPwjZ Av‡Q †h Zvi GKUv cv †Luvov| †m gvbyl, KzKzi ev †eov‡ji

†Pnviv wb‡q GK evwo †_‡K Ab¨ evwo ev GK MÖvg †_‡K Ab¨ MÖv‡g hvq| †m Rb¨ gKeyj evwoi mevB‡K mZK©

K‡i w`‡jv hv‡Z Zviv cv †Luvov KvD‡K evwoi wÎmxgvbvq XzK‡Z bv †`q| †mw`b iv‡Z gš‘i fv‡jv Nyg nj bv|

evievi cwievbyi cyuw_i K_v g‡b co‡jv| Avi fve‡jv Uzwb‡K wb‡q hw` H cyuw_i ivLvj †Q‡ji g‡Zv `~‡i †Kv_vI

cvwj‡q †h‡Z cvi‡Zv| mKv‡j Nyg †_‡K D‡VB Lei †cj, gvwS evwoi Kwig †kLI gviv wM‡q‡Q| Ae‡k‡l Av‡iv

`k `kwU cÖvY niY K‡i Z‡e Ijv wewe we`vq nj MÖvg †_‡K| MÖv‡gi mevB †hb nuvd †Q‡o euvP‡jv, gmwR‡` wmwbœ

cvVv‡jv| wgjv` w`‡jv cÖ‡Z¨K evwo‡Z| gš‘i m‡½ Avw¤qvi we‡qi cÖ Íve †`q gKeyj| Uzwb †KŠk‡j gKeyj‡K

†evSvq, gKeyj hw` wb‡RB Avw¤qv‡K we‡q K‡i, Z‡e gš‘i e`‡j m¤ú‡ì gvwjK gKeyjI n‡Z cv‡i| gKeyj

†NvlYv K‡i, Avw¤qv‡K †m wb‡RB we‡q Ki‡e|


29. Avw¤qvi m¤ú` wQj Kx Kx?

K. Rwg, †bŠKv, evwo L. d¬ vU, jÂ, cøU

M. †kqvi, cøU, Rwg N. UvKv, Rwg, jv½j

30. IjvIVvi msev` ï‡b †Zvive cvwj‡q †Mj †h Kvi‡YÑ

K.k¦ïi evwo‡Z mK‡j Amy ’ e‡j L. IjvIVvq AvµvšÍ nIqvi f‡q

M. gvwS A_© PvB‡Z cv‡i g‡b K‡i N. k¦ï‡ii iv‡Mi Kvi‡Y


mevB mKj Kv‡R e¨ Í, ïay †mB †cvov L‡oi AvuwU nB‡Z †h ¯í †auvuqvUzKz Nywiqv Nywiqv AvKv‡k DwV‡ZwQj,

ZvnviB cÖwZ cjKnxb Pÿz cvwZqv KvOvjx EaŸ©`„‡ó ¯Íä nBqv Pvwnqv iwnj|


31. DÏxc‡Ki KvOvjx ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †Kvb Pwi‡Îi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i?

K. bš‘ †kL L. gšÍz wgqv M. K`g †kL N. B`b wgqv

32. DÏxcKwUi fvev_© wb‡Pi †h ev‡K¨ we`¨gvbÑ

K. ZLb Uzwb‡K eySv‡Z †j‡M †Mj Av‡gbv| L. mvivÿY weQvbvq QUdU Kij †m|

M. iv‡Z Nyg nj bv gš‘i| N. g‡b nj I eo GKv| G `ywbqv‡Z Ii †KD bB|

cvVwfwËK D‡Ïk¨


†Kvb cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z gKeyj Zvi `yB ¿x‡K ZvjvK w`‡qwQ‡jv Zv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

Amy ’ gKey‡ji cÖwZ Uzwbi †mevcivqYZvi KviY e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

gš‘ I Avw¤qvi cvi¯úwiK m¤ú‡K©i K_v eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

K_vUv Pvcv _vK‡jv bv|

ciw`b evwoi mevB †R‡b †M‡jv e¨vcviUv|

gš‘i we‡q m¤ú‡K© Avjvc Ki‡Z wM‡q wb‡Ri we‡qi K_v e‡j G‡m‡Q gKeyj|

K_vUv Av‡gbv Avi dv‡Zgvi KvQ †_‡K ï‡b‡Q mevB|

gš‘ ixwZg‡Zv AevK nj|

mv‡jnv D‡Vv‡bi gvSLv‡b ùvwo‡q ej‡jv, BZv †Kgb K_v A u¨v| gvBb‡l ûb‡j KB‡ev Kx?

dwK‡ii gv ej‡jv, gKeyj wgqvi GBWv DwPZ Aq bvB| hvB KI wgqv, GBWv DwPZ Aq bvB|

Av‡gbv Avi dv‡Zgv `yR‡b wg‡j Mby †gvj øvi Kv‡Q Kuv`vKvwU K‡i‡Q| e‡j‡Q, gvBb‡l nvmv-nvwm KBi‡ev| Avc‡b

Dbv‡i evav †`b| Avc‡bi K_v Iwb ûb‡eb| myiZ Avi Aveyj‡K †W‡K I‡ì m‡½ Avjvc Ki‡jv Mby †gvj øv|

ej‡jv, evwoi e`bvg ABqv hvB‡ev|

ï‡b myiZ Avjx Avi Aveyj `yR‡b †ÿ‡c DV‡jv| GBme Kx Aüv, eyovi Kx fxgiwZ AB‡Q bvwn?

Aveyj ej‡jv, ey‡ov eq‡m GBme Kx cvMjvwg ïiæ AB‡Q|

wKQyy ej‡jv bv ïay gš‘|

iv‡Z Mby †gvj øvi N‡i Rgv‡qZ nj mevB|

ikx` G‡jv| Aveyj G‡jv| myiZ Avjx, mv‡jnv, Av‡gbv, dv‡Zgv, dwK‡ii gv mevB G‡jv|

G‡jv bv ïay gš‘, Uzwb, Avi hv‡K wb‡q emv †mB ey‡ov gKeyj|

gKeyj Zvi N‡ii g‡a¨ bxi‡e e‡m iB‡jv|

me wKQy †mI ï‡b‡Q|

Mby †gvj øvi N‡i Iiv †Kb Rgv‡qZ n‡q‡Q me eyS‡Z †c‡i‡Q †m|

Gi g~‡j Av‡gbv Avi dv‡Zgv| Ii `yB ¿x| hv‡ì GZw`b LvB‡q‡Q cwi‡q‡Q †m| wbgKnvivg, GK b¤‡ii

wbgKnvivg| Pvcv Av‡µv‡k MR©v‡Z jvM‡jv ey‡ov gKeyj| Uzwb ej‡jv, I‡Mv wnsmv ABZv‡Q| Iiv Pvq bv Avc‡b

m¤úwËi gvwjK Ab|

Uzwb wVK e‡j‡Q, evwoi †KD Pvq bv I Avw¤qv‡K we‡q KiæK|

we‡q Ki‡j GKw`‡b A‡bK¸‡jv m¤úwËi gvwjK n‡q hv‡e ey‡ov gKeyj| evwoi †KD †mUv mn¨ Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv|

cvV-9

g~jcvV


GK wQwjg ZvgvK mvwR‡q Ii nv‡Z Zz‡j w`‡jv Uzwb| ej‡jv, gv_v Mig KB‡ib bv| GB mgq gv_v VvÐv ivLb

jv‡M|

Mby †gvj øvi N‡i mevB Rgv‡qZ n‡jI gKeyj‡K †mLv‡b †W‡K Avbvi R‡b¨ †h‡Z †KD mvnm Ki‡jv bv|

Aveyj ej‡jv, myiZ‡K †h‡Z|

myiZ ej‡jv, dwK‡ii gvi K_v| dwK‡ii gv f‡q AuvZ‡K D‡V ej‡jv, I‡i evev Avwg hvBevi cvigy bv|

Ae‡k‡l Mby †gvj øv‡K Avm‡Z nj|

D‡Vvb †_‡K gKey‡ji bvg a‡i WvK‡jv †m| gKeyj †eiæ‡jv bv| †ewi‡q G‡jv Uzwb|

GKUz c‡i †fZ‡i G‡m Uzwb ej‡jv, Avcbv‡i hvB‡Z Kq, Mby †gvj øv‡K ïwb‡q ïwb‡q ey‡ov gKeyj ej‡jv, K¨vb,

K¨vb, hvB‡Z Kq|

Uzwb ej‡jv, Kx K_v Av‡Q|

gKeyj ej‡jv, K_v GLv‡b AvBmv KB‡Z cv‡i bv| Avwg hvgy K¨vb? Uzwb I‡K kvš Í Ki‡jv| ej‡jv, gv_v Mig

KB‡ib bv, hvb bv Iiv Kx Kq ï‡bb wMqv|

¿xi gy‡Li w`‡K cig wbf©iZvi m‡½ ZvKv‡jv ey‡ov gKeyj|

Zvici ax‡i ax‡i ùvov‡jv †m|

ey‡ov gKeyj‡K Mby †gvj øvi N‡i XzK‡Z †`‡L b‡oP‡o em‡jv mevB|

Kv‡iv gy‡L K_v †bB|

Uzwb G‡m ùvwo‡q‡Q ey‡ov gKey‡ji cv‡k|

Mby †gvj øv Zvi bvgv‡Ri †PŠwKUvi Ic‡i em‡jv| mevB Pzc|

†KD wKQy ej‡Q bv|

K_vUv Kx w`‡q †h ïiæ Ki‡e †f‡e DV‡Z cvi‡Q bv †KD|

UzwbB cÖ_g K_v ej‡jv, KB Avc‡biv wKQy KB‡Z‡Qb bv K¨vb| K¨vb WvK‡Qb, Kb bv|

myiZ Avjx b‡oP‡o em‡jv|

Av‡gbv bxie|

dv‡Zgv gvwUi w`‡K ZvwK‡q i‡q‡Q|

Mby †gvj øv ej‡jv, gš‘i weqvi e¨vcv‡i Kx AB‡Q| K_vUv e‡j, gKey‡ji w`‡K ZvKv‡jv †m|

ey‡ov gKeyj †Kv‡bv Reve †èvi Av‡MB Uzwb ej‡jv, gš‘ KB‡Q I Avw¤qv‡K weqv Ki‡ev bv|

Ii K_v ï‡b ci¯úi gy‡Li w`‡K ZvKv‡jv mevB|

dwK‡ii gv ej‡jv, KB gš‘ wgqv KB, Zv‡i Wvn bv|

wKš‘ gš‘‡K evwo‡Z Lyu‡R cvIqv †M‡jv bv| †Kv_vq †hb †ewi‡q †M‡Q †m| Uzwb ej‡jv, Wvnb jvM‡ev bv I‡i, I

Avgv‡i KB‡Q weqv KBi‡ev bv|

Aveyj m‡½ m‡½ e‡j DV‡jv, ZvB‡j Avwg weqv Kiæg Avw¤qv‡i| Avgvi N‡i eD bvB Lvbvwcbvi Amyweav Aq|

Ii K_v m¤ú~Y© bv n‡ZB Av‡gbv Avi dv‡Zgv GKm‡½ e‡j DV‡jv, û †Zvgvi GKUv eD ìKvi|

ey‡ov gKeyj Uzwbi w`‡K ZvKv‡jv|

Uzwb ej‡jv, K¨vb, aBiv aBiv gvBiv Ke‡i cvVvBevi jvBMv bvwn|

Aveyj †i‡M DV‡jv, Avgvi eD hw` Avwg gvwi †Zvgvi Zv‡Z Kx?

Pzc Ki †eqvè, nVvr M‡R© DV‡jv gKeyj| GB wR‡›`wM‡Z Avi †Zv‡i weqv Kivgy bv Avgiv| wZb wZbUv gvBqv‡i

ZzB Ke‡i cvVvBQm| Avevi weqvi bvg Ki‡Q, migI jv‡M bv| GKUzLvwb `g wb‡q ey‡ov ciÿ‡Y ej‡jv, Avw¤qv‡i

Avwg weqv Kigy wVK KiwQ| e‡j Uzwbi w`‡K ZvKv‡jv †m|

Av‡gbv Avi dv‡Zgv cigyn~‡Z© cÖwZev` Rvwb‡q ej‡jv, Avc‡biv ïb‡Qb, ïb‡Qb Avc‡biv BZv wKZv KBevi jvM‡Q

Dwb|

hv KBwQ wVK KBwQ| Av½yj Zz‡j I‡ì `yBRb‡K kvmv‡jv gKeyj| †Zvgv‡Mv hw` fv‡jv bv jv‡M †Zvgiv evwo QvBov

PBjv hvI|


ïb‡Qb ïb‡Qb Avc‡biv| Kx Kq ïb‡Qb| Av‡gbv †Ku‡` †dj‡jv| Mby †gvj øv ej‡jv, GBWv wVK AB‡jv bv gKeyj

wgqv| GBWv †Kv‡bv Kv‡gi K_v AB‡jv bv| GB ey‡ov eq‡m Av‡iKWv weqv KBi‡j gvBb‡l Kx KB‡ev|

myiZ Avjx Avi dwK‡ii gv ej‡jv, gvBb‡l evwoi e`bvg Ki‡ev|

Av‡gbv ej‡jv, gvBqv weqv w`‡Q, Zvi k¦ïievwoi †jv‡Kiv wQ wQ KBi‡ev bv|

KUgU †Pv‡L Av‡gbvi w`‡K ZvKv‡jv gKeyj|

dv‡Zgv ej‡jv, ey‡ov eq‡m f~‡Z cvB‡Q|

wbgKnvivg e‡j nVvr wPrKvi K‡i DV‡jv ey‡ov gKeyj| Zvici AK¯§vr GK AevK KvÐ NwU‡q em‡jv †m| N‡ii

gvSLv‡b, GZ¸‡jv †jv‡Ki mvg‡b nVvr Av‡gbv Avi dv‡Zgv `yRb‡K GKm‡½ ZvjvK w`‡q w`‡jv †m| iv‡M Kuvc‡Z

Kuvc‡Z ej‡jv, †Zviv evBiBqv hv Avgvi evwo _vBK¨v|

NUbvi AvKw¯§KZvq mK‡j Pg‡K DV‡jv|

ciÿ‡Y GKUv AvZ©bv` K‡i gvwU‡Z jywU‡q co‡jv Av‡gbv|

dv‡Zgv g~Q©v †M‡jv|

dwK‡ii gv wPrKvi K‡i DV‡jv, Avnv‡i †cvovKcvBj¨v, GB Kx KBiwj ZzB, I‡i †cvovKcvBj¨v‡i GB Kx KBiwj|

Aveyj nVvr emvi wcuwoUv nv‡Z Zz‡j wb‡q m‡Rv‡i Qyu‡o gvi‡jv gKey‡ji Kcvj jÿ K‡i| Nvm LvBqv eyov ABQ

Au¨v| Nvm LvBqv eyov ABQ, †eAv‡KBj¨v †Kvbnv‡bi|

`ynv‡Z Kcvj †P‡c gvwU‡Z e‡m co‡jv gKeyj| Av½y‡ji duvK w`‡q wdbwKi g‡Zv i³ Si‡Q Ii|

Kvbœv, wPrKvi, MvjvMvwj Avi nv-ûZv‡k mg Í NiUv gyn~‡Z© bi‡Ki iƒc wb‡jv|

gKeyj‡K `ynv‡Z Kv‡Q †U‡b wb‡q †mLvb †_‡K †ewi‡q †M‡jv Uzwb|

dv‡Zgvi gv_vq cvwb Xvj‡Z jvM‡jv mv‡jnv|

dwK‡ii gv Av‡gbv‡K mvš Í¡bv w`‡Z wM‡q wb‡RB †Ku‡` †dj‡jv|

D‡Vv‡bi GK †Kv‡Y ùvwo‡q me ïb‡jv gš‘| me †`L‡jv †m|

wKš‘ KvD‡K wKQy ej‡jv bv| bxi‡e cwii `xwNi w`‡K P‡j †M‡jv †m|

ciw`b we‡K‡j Lei †c‡q Av‡gbv Avi dv‡Zgvi evwoi †jvK G‡m wb‡q †M‡jv I‡ì| hvevi mgq KiæY wejv‡c

cy‡iv MÖvgUv‡K mPwKZ K‡i †M‡jv Iiv| GZw`‡bi M‡o †Zvjv msmvi GK gyn~‡Z© wbwðý n‡q †M‡jv| N‡ii †cQ‡b

jvMv‡bv jvD Kzgovi gvPv¸‡jvi w`‡K GK „wó‡Z ZvwK‡q iB‡jv Av‡gbv| hvevi mgq dwK‡ii gv‡K †Ku‡` †Ku‡`

e‡j †M‡jv, nxib‡K LeiWv w`‡qv bv| ïBb‡j, gvBqv Avgvi eyK fvmvBqv gBiv hvBe| †Lv`vi Kmg iB‡jv, eyqv,

gvBqv‡i Avgvi LeiWv w`‡qv bv|

dv‡Zgv‡K †bqvi Rb¨ fvB G‡mwQ‡jv Ii| hvevi mgq evwoi mevB‡K kvwm‡q †M‡Q I| e‡j †M‡Q wkK`vi-evwoi

†jvK¸‡jv‡K GKnvZ †`‡L †b‡e †m| †ev‡bi Rb¨ wPš Ív K‡i bv I| AvMvgx wZb gv‡mi g‡a¨ Gi †P‡q `k¸Y fv‡jv

Ni †`‡L dv‡Zgvi we‡q w`‡q †`‡e|

gKeyj weQvbvq| gv_vq Ii GKUv cwÆ †e u‡a w`‡q‡Q Uzwb| nvo Kuvwc‡q R¡i G‡m‡Q ey‡ovi| gv‡S `yGKevi †PvL

†g‡j ZvwK‡qwQ‡jv| GLb bxi‡e Nygy‡”Q| Uzwb cv‡k e‡m evZvm Ki‡Q I‡K| iv‡Z Mby †gvj øv G‡jv Ii N‡i| ey‡ov

gKey‡ji Mv‡q gv_vq nvZ w`‡q Ii R¡i Av‡Q wKbv †`L‡jv| Zvici Av‡¯ Í K‡i ej‡jv, iv‡Mi gv_vq BZv wKZv

KBijv wgqv| kixi fvjv ABqv †M‡j fvexmve‡Mv‡i evwo wbqv Avn| iv‡Mi gv_vq ZvjvK w`‡j †Zv Avi ZvjvK

Aq bv| IB ZvjvK Aq bvB †Zvgvi|

GK evwU evwj© nv‡Z weQvbvi cv‡k G‡m ùvov‡jv Uzwb| I‡K Avm‡Z †`‡L Mby †gvj øv Pzc K‡i †M‡jv|

Uzwbi Ic‡i Av‡µvk c‡o‡Q mevi| mevB eyS‡Z †c‡i‡Q, GB †h me KvÐ N‡U †M‡Q Gi R‡b¨ UzwbB `vqx|

D‡Vv‡b uvwo‡q A‡b‡K A‡bK K_v ej‡jv| Ii bvg a‡i A‡bK MvjvMvj Avi Awfkvc w`‡jv evwoi †Q‡j‡g‡qiv|

Uzwb wbwe©Kvi| GKwU K_viI Reve w`‡jv bv|

w`b K‡qK c‡i Avw¤qvi PvPv Qwgi †kL Rvwb‡q w`‡q †M‡jv, ey‡ov gKeyj‡K we‡q Ki‡e bv Avw¤qv| ZvQvov Lye

kxNªB Avw¤qvi we‡qi m¤¢vebvI †bB|


Ii ey‡Ki Dci c‡o WzK‡i †Ku‡` DV‡jv Uzwb|

duzwc‡q dzuwc‡q Kuv`‡jv †m|

Zvi wejv‡ci kã AÜKv‡i †Ku‡c †Ku‡c `~‡i cwii `xwNi cv‡o wgwj‡q †M‡jv|

we¯§qfiv †Pv‡L Uzwbi w`‡K ZvwK‡q iB‡jv gš‘|

ciw`b `ycy‡i ey‡ov gKey‡ji g„Z‡`nUv hLb Kvd‡b Ave„Z K‡i LvwUqvi Ici †Zvjv nj ZLb eyK dvUv AvZ©bv`

K‡i D‡Vv‡bi gvSLv‡b WvOvq †Zvjv gv‡Qi g‡Zv Zocv‡Z jvM‡jv Uzwb| Muv‡qi †Q‡j‡g‡qiv bvbv mvš Í¡bv w`‡Z †Póv

Ki‡jv I‡K| mv‡jnv, dwK‡ii gv, myi‡Zi eD IivI A‡bK KvbœvKvwU Ki‡jv A‡bKÿY a‡i|

cwii `xwNi cv‡o ey‡ov gKeyj‡K Kei w`‡q Avmvi ci mevi g‡b nj evwoUv †hb †Kgb k ~b¨ n‡q †M‡Q| GKUv

_g_‡g fve †b‡g G‡m‡Q Mv‡Qi cvZvq| N‡ii Pv‡j| D‡Vv‡b| evwoi †cQ‡b| †QvU cyKz‡i| Avi mevi g‡b| GKwU

†jvK `xN©w`b a‡i GKeviI N‡ii `vIqvq †eiæ‡Z cv‡iwb, weQvbvq c‡o wQ‡jv| hvi Aw¯ÍZ¡ wQ‡jv wK wQ‡jv bv mnmv

Abyfe Kiv †hZ bv, †m †jvKUv AvR †bB| wKš‘ Zvi GB bv _vKvB †hb mg¯ Í _vKvi Aw¯ÍZ¡‡K A¯xKvi Ki‡Q|

mviv ycyi Uzwb Kuv`‡jv|

mviv we‡Kj|

mviv mÜ¨v|

mv‡jnv A‡bK †Póv Ki‡jv I‡K wKQy LvIqv‡Z| †m †L‡jv bv|

dwK‡ii gv ej‡jv wKQy LvI eD| bv LvB‡j kixi Lvivc ABqv hvB‡ev| wKQy LvI|

Zey †L‡jv bv Uzwb|

gš‘, myiZ Avjx, Aveyj, ikx`, Kv‡iv gy‡L †Kv‡bv K_v †bB| †KD `vIqvq, †KD D‡Vv‡b, †KD †`vi-†Mvovq e‡m|

AvR mnmv †hb mg¯ Í K_v nvwi‡q †d‡j‡Q Iiv|

wgqvevwoi gmwR` †_‡K Avhv‡bi kã †f‡m Avm‡Q| gv_vq UzwcUv c‡i wb‡q MvgQvUv Kuv‡a Pwo‡q bvgvR co‡Z

P‡j †M‡jv Mby †gvj øv| myiZ Avjx, ikx` Avi AveyjI D‡V ùvov‡jv|

†ivR †h Zviv bvgvR c‡o Zv bq| wKš‘ AvR co‡e| ey‡ov gKey‡ji g„Zz¨ nVvr ciKvj m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb K‡i Zz‡j‡Q

I‡ì|

cyKzi †_‡K ARy K‡i G‡m myiZ Avjx ej‡jv, KB hvBev bv gš‘ wgqv?

gš‘ I‡ì w`‡K ZvwK‡q iB‡jv wKQyÿY Zvici ej‡jv, P‡jv|

ej‡Z wM‡q MjvUv A¯vfvweKfv‡e †Ku‡c DV‡jv Ii|

w`b wZ‡bK ci †bŠKv wb‡q evB‡i hvevi R‡b¨ ˆZwi nw”Q‡jv gš‘|

Uzwb WvK‡jv, †kvb|

gš‘ ZvwK‡q †`L‡jv G Kqw`‡b fxlY ïwK‡q †M‡Q Uzwb|

†Pvqv‡ji nvo `y‡Uv †ewi‡q c‡o‡Q| †Pv‡Li wb‡P Kvwj c‡o‡Q Zvi| gyLLvbv welYœ| gv_vq †QvU GKUv †NvgUv|

gš‘ ej‡jv, Kx|

Uzwb Pvicv‡k ZvwK‡q wb‡q Av‡¯ Í K‡i ej‡jv, Avgvi GKUv K_v ivBLev?

gš‘ ej‡jv, KI|

gvwUi w`‡K ZvwK‡q †_‡K wKQyÿY Kx †hb fve‡jv Uzwb| Zvici Av‡¯ Í K‡i ej‡jv, Avgv‡i GKw`b mgq KBiv

Avgv‡Mv evwo †cŠuQvqv w`qv AvBev? Uzwbi †PvL‡Rvov cvwb‡Z QjQj Ki‡Q|

ey‡ov gKey‡ji g„Zzï m‡½ m‡½ G evwoi mv‡_ mKj m¤úK© †kl n‡q †M‡Q Uzwbi| Avi KZw`b GLv‡b Ggwb K‡i

c‡o _vK‡e †m|

gš‘ Av‡ Í K‡i ej‡jv, wVK Av‡Q hvgywb| †Kvb& w`b hvBev?

Uzwb g„`y Mjvq ej‡jv, †hB w`b †Zvgvi myweav nq| ej‡Z wM‡q †Ku‡` †dj‡jv †m|

gš‘ weeªZ †eva Ki‡jv| Kx e‡j †h I‡K mvš Í¡bv †`‡e †f‡e †c‡jv bv †m|


34. gKeyj ey‡ovi Kei †`‡L Uzwbi †h cÖwZwµqv nqÑ

K. cÖwZwnsmv †R‡MwQj L. Avb›` n‡qwQj

M. eyK †Ku‡c D‡VwQj N. Aby‡kvPbv n‡qwQj


AcivwRZv AMÖmi n‡q ¯vgxi wbKU Avmj| Rxe‡b †h ¯vgx‡K †m fv‡jvevmv †`qwb, Akb-emb †`qwb,

†Kv‡bv †LuvRLei K‡iwb, giYKv‡j Zv‡K †m ïay GKUz †`Lv w`‡Z wM‡q †Ku‡` †djj|

35. DÏxc‡Ki AcivwRZv ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †Kvb PwiÎ‡K cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i?

K. Uzwb L. mwLbv

M. Avw¤qv N. nvwjgv

36. Giƒc mv`„k¨ †h wel‡qÑ

i. Aby‡kvPbvq ii. AvZ¥Z…wß‡Z iii. Abyf~wZnxbZvq


K. i L. ii

M. iii N. ii I iii

cvVwfwËK D‡Ïk¨


Uzwb I gš‘i Rxe‡bi cwiYwZi K_v ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡mi cwimgvwß e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

G‡K G‡K evwoi mevi KvQ †_‡K we`vq wb‡jv Uzwb|

mevi Mjv Rwo‡q a‡i Kuv`‡jv †m|

cwii `xwNi cv‡oi Dci w`‡q Avmvi mgq `~i †_‡K ey‡ov gKey‡ji KeiUv †Pv‡L co‡jv| ïK‡bv gvwUi mv`v

†Xjv¸‡jv wXwci g‡Zv DuPz n‡q Av‡Q| †mw`‡K ZvKv‡Z mviv †`‡n KuvUv w`‡q I‡V| Kx GK ARvbv f‡q ey‡Ki

†fZiUv Kuvc‡Z _v‡K †hb|

fvUvi †mªv‡Z †bŠ‡Kv fvwm‡q w`‡jv gš‘|

†mB †bŠ‡Kv|

hvi g‡a¨ Pwo‡q Uzwb‡K Zvi evevi evwo †_‡K wb‡q G‡mwQ‡jv †m| `yav‡i MÖvg| gvSLv‡b b`x| hZ`~i †Pv‡L c‡o

ïay A_B R‡ji †XD| el©vi cvwb‡Z b`x-bvjv †ÿZ me GK n‡q †M‡Q| G mg‡q fiv b`x w`‡q †bŠ‡Kv Pvjv‡bvi

cÖ‡qvRb nq bv| †ÿ‡Zi av‡i †Mi ’ evwoi †cQ‡bi †Wvevi cvk w`‡q †bŠKv Pvwj‡q †bqv hvq| G‡Z K‡i c_

A‡bK mswÿß n‡q Av‡m|

Uzwb QB‡qi g‡a¨ PzcPvc e‡m iB‡jv| gv_vq †QvU GKLvbv †NvgUv| gš‘ mnmv ej‡jv, evB‡i AvBmv em bv| Mv‡q

evZvm jvBM‡ev|

Uzwb ciÿ‡Y ej‡jv, AvBZvwQ| wKš‘ mnmv G‡jv bv †m|

G‡jv A‡bKÿY c‡i|

evB‡i Kv‡Vi cvUvZ‡bi Dc‡i †QvU n‡q em‡jv Uzwb|

†mB b`x|

cvV-10

g~jcvV


cyi‡bv b`x|

Av‡M †hgbwU wQ‡jv †Zgwb Av‡Q|

AvR b`xi R‡j nv‡Zi cvZv Wzwe‡q w`‡q †Ljv Ki‡jv bv Uzwb|

D”Qj `„wó †g‡j ZvKv‡jv bv †Kv‡bv w`‡K|

ïay ej‡jv, Avw¤qv‡i weqv KBi‡j GB bvIWv †Zvgvi ABqv hvB‡ev bv?

gš‘ ms‡ÿ‡c ej‡jv, û|

Uzwb ej‡jv, weqvi c‡i GB evwo‡Z _vBKev, bv Avw¤qv‡Mv evwo PBjv hvBev?

G K_vi †Kv‡bv Reve w`‡jv bv gš‘| †m ïay †`L‡jv, †NvgUvi duv‡K GK‡Rvov †PvL Mfxi AvMÖ‡n ZvwK‡q i‡q‡Q

Ii w`‡K|

DËi bv †c‡q Uzwb Avevi ej‡jv, Pzc KBiv iBjv †h?

gš‘ nVvr `~‡i AvOyj †`wL‡q ej‡jv, kvwš Íi nvU|

Uzwb Pg‡K ZvKv‡jv †mw`‡K|

fvUvi †mªvZ †V‡j †bŠ‡KvUv ax‡i ax‡i GwM‡q P‡j‡Q kvwš Íi nv‡Ui w`‡K| mvi euvav †`vKvb¸‡jv ¯úó †`Lv hv‡”Q

GLvb †_‡K|

mnmv †Rv‡i †Rv‡i ùvo Uvb‡Z jvM‡jv gš‘| GKUv SuvKzwb w`‡q `ªæZ GwM‡q †M‡jv †bŠ‡Kv| co‡Z wM‡q m‡½ m‡½

wb‡R‡K mvg‡j wb‡jv Uzwb| gv_vi Ici †_‡K †NvgUvUv c‡o †h‡Z ciÿ‡Y †mUv Zz‡j wb‡jv Avevi|

gš‘ GK `„wó‡Z Ii w`‡K ZvwK‡q i‡q‡Q| Mfxifv‡e Kx †hb †`L‡Q †m|

†bŠ‡KvUv‡K Nv‡Ui w`‡K G‡Mv‡Z †`‡L Uzwb ej‡jv, Nv‡U wfovBZvQ K¨vb, bvgev bvwK?

gš‘ Pzc K‡i iB‡jv|

Uzwb Avevi ej‡jv, nv‡U wK †Kv‡bv Kvg Av‡Q?

gš‘ gyLLvbv Ab¨w`‡K mwi‡q wb‡q nVvr gwiqv Mjvq ej‡jv, g‡bvqvi nvwR‡i K_v w`wQjvg Ii IBLv‡b GK ivB‡Zi

jvBMv bvBqi _vKgy| Pj hvB|

Uzwbi †`nUv a‡i †K †hb GKUv m‡Rv‡i bvov w`j| gyn~‡Z© †PvL‡Rvov cv_‡ii g‡Zv w ’i n‡q †M‡jv Ii| gš‘i

gy‡Li w`‡K cjKnxb `„wó‡Z A‡bKÿY ZvwK‡q iB‡jv †m|

gš‘ Avevi ej‡jv, g‡bvqvi nvwR‡i KB‡j I †gvj øv WvBKv me wVK KBiv w`‡ev| Av‡e‡M MjvUv Kuvc‡Q Ii|

Uzwbi †Pv‡Li †Kv‡Y ZLbI `y‡dvUv Rj wPKwPK Ki‡Q| AZ¨š Í ax‡i axi gv_vUv bvo‡jv †m| Avi AwZ Pvcv ¯‡i

wdmwdm K‡i ej‡jv, bv Zv Avi Aq bv wgqv| Zv Aq bv| ej‡Z wMqv WzK‡i †Ku‡` DV‡jv †m| nv‡Zi êVvUv †Q‡o

w`‡q †evev PvDwb †g‡j Ii w`‡K ZvwK‡q iB‡jv gš‘| GKUv K_vI Avi gyL w`‡q †eiæ‡jv bv Ii|

Zvici|

Zvici b`xi †mªv‡Z e‡q Pj‡jv| KL‡bv ax‡i KL‡bv †Rv‡i| KL‡bv wgwó gayi Q‡›`|

†mw`b nvUevi| mI`v K‡i evwo wdi‡Q gš‘| yB cqmvi cvb|

GK Avbvi ZvgvK| Avi `k cqmvi evZvmv|

KvwZ©‡Ki †k‡l AMÖnvq‡Yi ïiæ| N‡i N‡i avb DV‡Q| A‡bK ivZ ch©š Í Kv‡iv †Pv‡L Nyg _v‡K bv| KvR Avi KvR|

mvivw`b avb †K‡U G‡b cvnviv w`‡q iv‡L| iv‡Z Miæ w`‡q gvovq| Zvici †S‡o gy‡Q cwi®‹vi K‡i ivL‡Z ivL‡Z

ivZ A‡bK Mwo‡q c‡o|

nvU †_‡K evwo wd‡i G‡m gš‘ †`‡L, D‡Vv‡b Avmi Rwg‡q e‡m cyuw_ co‡Q myiZ Avjxi eo †Q‡jUv| g„Z evevi G

¸YwU AwZ my›ìfv‡e AvqË K‡i‡Q †m| `~i †_‡K ïb‡j A‡bK mgq †evSvB hvq bv | g‡b nq myiZ Avjx eywS

e‡m e‡m cyuw_ co‡Q|

ïb ïb eÜzMY‡i ïb w`qv gb|

†fjyqvi K_v wKQy ïb me©Rb|

AvR D‡Vv‡b G‡m ùvov‡Z I‡ì mevi K_v g‡b co‡jv gš‘i|

ey‡ov gKeyj, ikx`, Aveyj, myiZ Avjx|



37. nvU †_‡K gš‘ Kx Kx wK‡b G‡bwQj?

i. GK Avbvi ZvgvK

ii. `yB cqmvi cvb

iii. `k cqmvi evZvmv


K. i L. ii

M. iii N. i, ii I iii

38. gš‘ Pwi‡Îi ga¨ w`‡q cÖKvk †c‡q‡QÑ

i. cyivZ‡bi we`vq

ii. bZz‡bi AvMgb

iii. cyivZ‡bi ms¯‹vi


K. i L. ii

M. i I ii N. i, ii I iii


Rxebvb›` `v‡ki KweZvq cÖK…wZ wPiKv‡ji bexbiƒ‡c Avwef©~Z n‡q‡Q| Zuvi KweZvi PwiÎ¸‡jv †mB wPiKv‡ji

cÖK…wZi mšÍvb| Giv hvq, Av‡m Ñ_v‡K bv| wKš‘ cÖK…wZ wPiKvjB bvbv iƒ‡c-i‡m-M‡Ü-e‡Y© weivRgvb _v‡K|

39. DÏxc‡Ki fvebvi m‡½ mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q †Kvb Dcb¨v‡mi?

K. nvRvi eQi a‡i L. Av‡iK dvêy

M. eid Mjv b`x N. Kuv‡`v b`xx Kuv‡`v

40. DÏxc‡Ki fvebvi m‡½ wb‡Pi †h ev‡K¨i wgj i‡q‡QÑ

K. †Kv_vq †hb †ewi‡q †M‡Q †m| L. gBi‡j c‡i me wgqv‡i hvB‡Z nB‡ev Ke‡i|

M. gvbyl gvÎB fzj| N. nvRvi eQi a‡i c„w_ex‡Z m~h© Dw`Z nq|

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vj‡qi I‡cb ¯‹zj cwiPvwjZ GmGmwm †cÖvMÖv‡gi wkÿv_x©eÜz‡`i Rb¨

evsjv wel‡qi AwWI/wfwWI †cÖvMÖvg¸‡jv eZ©gv‡b wewUwf/esjv‡`k †eZvi KZ…©K mßv‡ni wbw`©ó

w`‡bi wbw`©ó mg‡q cÖPvwiZ n‡q Avm‡Q| wkÿv_©x eÜziv, Avcbviv ÷vwW †m›Uvi †_‡K †cÖvMÖvg

wmwWDj msMÖn K‡i wbw`©ó w`‡bi wbw`©ó mg‡q cÖPvwiZ †cÖvMÖvgwU †`L‡j DcK…Z n‡eb e‡j Avkv

KiwQ| AwWI/wfwWI †cÖvMÖvg¸‡jv †evSvi myweav‡_© eBwU mvg‡b wb‡q emyb Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq

welq¸wj †bvU Kivi Rb¨ KvMR, Kjg mv‡_ ivLyb| †Kv‡bv welq eyS‡Z Amyweav n‡j cÖ‡qvR‡b

Avcbvi wUDU‡ii mnvqZv wbb|

AwWI/wfwWI


P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb

eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ :

41. ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨vmwU KZ mv‡j cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq?

K. 1964 L. 1965 M. 1966 N. 1967

42. Kv‡kg wkK`vi I Zvi ¿x Kx wb‡q ev‡bi R‡j †f‡mwQ‡jb?

K. Lv`¨`ªe¨ L. UvKvi Kjwm M. Kuv_v I evwjk N. k~b¨ nv‡Z

43. Ô†m GK A™¢zZ nvwm| †hb dz‡iv‡ZB Pvq bvÕÑ nvwmwU Kvi?

K. Avw¤qvi L. Uzwbi M. mv‡jnvi N. mwLbvi

44. nxi‡bi we‡q‡Z KZ UvKv †gvnivbv avh© Kiv n‡qwQj?

K. †mvqv AvU UvKv L. mv‡o AvU UvKv M. †mvqv GMvi UvKv N. mv‡o GMvi UvKv

45. ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡m †Kvb †Kvb wewei bvg i‡q‡Q?

K. Ijvwewe, emšÍwewe, Anj¨vwewe L. Ijvwewe, emšÍwewe, PÐxwewe

M. emšÍwewe, K‡jivwewe, gbmvwewe N. Ijvwewe, emšÍwewe, h²vwewe

46. ÔAvw¤qv‡K weqv Ki‡j GB bvIWv †Zvgvi ABqv hvB‡ev bv?ÕÑ Dw³wU Kvi?

K. Uzwbi L. mv‡jnvi M. Av‡gbvi N. mwLbvi

47. ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨vmwU †h †kÖwYiÑ

K. Kveäg©x L. mvgvwRK M. wW‡Uw±f N. iƒcKag©x

48. ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡m †h mgvR wPÎ ewY©Z n‡q‡Q Zv g~jZÑ

K. D”PweË m¤úª`v‡qi L. wb¤œweË †kÖwYi M. ÿwqòz mgv‡Ri N. GKvbœeZ©x cwiev‡ii

49. ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡m †h PwiÎwU cÖwZev`xÑ

K. Avw¤qv L. mwLbv M. Uzwb N. mv‡jnv

50. mv‡jnv †h cÖK…wZi †g‡qÑ

K. eìvMx L. mngg©x M. AvšÍwiK N. K~wUj

51. ÔN‡ii †eŠ K‡i Avbvi gZ †g‡q I bqÕÑ †Kb Avw¤qv m¤ú‡K© GK_v ejv n‡q‡Q?

K. eqm †ewk L. cwievi nuvcvwb †ivMx M. e`‡gRvwR N. f~ZMÖ Í bvix


¿x‡ì ag‡K D‡V Kwjg †kL , Ô†Zv‡ì wK Mv‡q kw³ †bB? Av‡iv †Rv‡i †XuwK‡Z cvo †` bv, nvu|Õ Ggbfv‡e

M‡R© I‡V Kwjg †kL †hb gv‡V jvOj †Vj‡Z wM‡q †ivMv wjKwj‡K Miæ †Rvov‡K agKv‡”Q|

52. DÏxc‡Ki Kwjg †kL ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †Kvb PwiÎ‡K cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i?

K. ey‡ov gKeyj L. myiZ Avjx M. K`g †kL N. Mby †gvjøv

53. Kwjg †kL I PwiÎwUi wgj i‡q‡Q †h wel‡qÑ

K. ggZ¡‡ev‡a L. wbgg©Zvq M. mn‡hvwMZvq N. †mŠRb¨‡ev‡a


MÖv‡gi †jv‡Ki wek¦vm K‡jiv †iv‡Mi g~j Ijvwewe| Zv‡ì wek¦vm Abyhvqx Ijvwewei GK cv †Luvov Ges

A`„k¨| emšÍwewe Ges h²vwewe bv‡g Ijvwewei AviI `yB †evb i‡q‡Q| Ijvwewe †h MÖv‡g cÖ‡ek K‡i †m

MÖv‡gB K‡jiv †ivM †`Lv †`q|

54. DÏxcKwU ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡mi m‡½ Kxfv‡e mv`„k¨c~Y©?

i. †jvKK_v eY©bvq ii. HwZn¨cÖxwZ‡Z iii. gvbwmKZvq


K. i L. ii M. iii N. ii I iii

55. Giƒc mv`„k¨ †h wel‡qÑ


i. mvgvwRK m‡PZbvq ii. Kzms¯‹v‡i wek¦v‡m iii. wj½‰el‡g¨


K. i L. ii M. iii N. i I iii


Avwg R‡b¥wQ evsjvq ,Avwg evsjvq K_v ewj,

Avwg evsjvi Avjc_ w`‡q nvRvi eQi Pwj|

Pwj cwjgvwU †Kvg‡j Avgvi Pjvi wPnè †d‡j|

†Z‡ivkZ b`x ïavq Avgv‡K ,Ô†Kv_v †_‡K Zzwg G‡j?Õ

56. DÏxc‡Ki fvebvi m‡½ Rwni ivqnv‡bi †Kvb Dcb¨v‡mi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q?

K. Av‡iK dvêyb L. nRvi eQi a‡i M. †kl we‡K‡ji †g‡q N. eid Mjv b`x

57. DÏxcK I ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡m dz‡U D‡V‡QÑ

i. AvengvbKv‡ji evsjv ii. evsjvi GKwU we‡kl AÂj iii. evOvwji cÖvPxb Rxeb



58. ÔZv Avi Aq bv wgqv ! Zv Aq bv !Õ Dw³wUi ga¨ w`‡q †Kvb welqwU cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡QÑ

K. ey‡ov gKey‡ji we‡q L. Uzwbi †eov‡Z hvIqv M. gš‘ I Uzwbi we‡q N. Avw¤qv I gš‘i we‡q

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ-1

Rxeb‡K my›ì Ki‡Z n‡j †mŠ›`‡h©i wb`k©b wkí‡K mvaviY Rxe‡b GKUz ’vb †`qv ìKvi| Avgv‡ì evwo my›ì

nIqv PvB,evwoi cÖv½Y my›ì nIqv PvB,evwoi AvmevecÎ my›ì nIqv PvB,evwoi mvR-miÄvg my›ì nIqv

PvB,evwoi †eówbI my›ì nIqv PvB| Zvici Avgiv hv cvwi,Avgiv hv eënvi Kwi,meB my›ì nIqv PvB| †mŠ›`h©

Avgv‡ì Rxe‡bi Acwinvh© GKwU A½| Rxe‡bi GB †mŠ›`h©‡K mvwnZ¨wkí A½xf~Z K‡i| Avi wb‡Ri m„wóK‡g© GB

†mŠ›`h©‡K iƒcvqY Ki‡Z cvivUvB n‡”Q GKRb mvwnZ¨wkíxi mvdj¨|

K. ÔjvjmvjyÕ †Kvb ai‡bi Dcb¨vm?

L. AvÂwjK Dcb¨vm Kv‡K e‡j?

M. DÏxc‡Ki fvebvi m‡½ ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨vmwU Kxfv‡e mv`„k¨c~Y©?ÑAv‡jvPbv Kiæb|

N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki †mŠ›`h© fvebv ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡m cªKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|ÓÑ¯xKvi K‡ib Kx? gšÍ‡eï

mc‡ÿ ev wec‡ÿ hyw³¸‡jv Zz‡j aiæb|

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ-2

†XuwKi cv‡k e‡m GB gyn~‡Z© evi evi Rwgjvi K_v g‡b co‡Q ey‡ov MwY †gvjøvi| Rwgjv †Kgb †hb acvm acvm

K‡i avb fv‡b| †XuwK‡Z Po‡jB Ii Mvb MvIqvi mL Pv‡c| m‡Z‡iv AvVv‡iv eQi eqm n‡q‡Q, wKš‘ GL‡bv we‡q

nqwb Ii| †Pnvivq gvayh© Av‡Q| †PvL †Rvov eo †ewk gg©‡f`x| †XuwK‡Z Po‡j, †XuwK‡K Avi myL †`q bv I| g‡b

nq †XuwKi mv‡_ AvR Ii GKUv G¯úvi wK I¯úvi n‡q hv‡e|

K. AvIi½‡Re †K wQ‡jb?

L. gKey‡ji cwievi m¤ú‡K© mswÿß cwiPq w`b|

M. DÏxcKwU ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨vm‡K Kxfv‡e cÖwZdwjZ K‡i? ÑAv‡jvPbv Kiæb|

N. Òavb fvbvi Drme Avengvb evsjvq jvwjZ GKwU MÖvgxY ms¯‹…wZ|Ó ÑDÏxcK I ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ

Dcb¨v‡mi Av‡jv‡K g~j¨vqb Kiæb|

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ-3

†Kgb wewP¸wj †Zj PzKPzK K‡”PÑ AvRB MvQ †_‡K c‡o‡P, fvwM¨m Av‡M †Mjvg, ‰b‡j me †Mviæ‡Z †L‡q †d‡j

w`‡Zv, I‡ì ivwO MvBUv G‡Kev‡i iv°m, me RvqMvq hv‡e, †mevi KZK¸‡jv G‡bwQjvg Avi GB¸‡jv wb‡q


A‡bK¸‡jv n‡jv| AZtci `yM©v †Ljv eÜ Kwiqv mg¯Í wewP Avevi mh‡Zœ AuvP‡ji Luy‡U euvwaj| c‡i nVvr Kx fvweqv

iæÿ¥ Pzj¸wj evZv‡m DovB‡Z DovB‡Z gnvLywki mwnZ cybivq †mvRv evUxi evwni nBqv †Mj|

K. gš‘ ZvweRUv †Kv_vq †eu‡awQj?

L. Ôwb‡R‡K Avi †eu‡a ivL‡Z cvi‡jb bv wZwb|Õ Ñ eywS‡q ejyb|

M. DÏxc‡Ki welqe ‘ ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡mi m‡½ Kxfv‡e mv`„k¨c~Y©? Ñ we‡kølY Kiyb|

N. Ò†cÖÿvcU wfbœ n‡jI `yM©v †hb UzwbiB cÖwZ”Qwe|Ó ÑDÏxcK I ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡mi Av‡jv‡K

g~j¨vqb Kiæb|

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ-4

†ivM hLb ¸iæZi nBqv DwVj ZLb kvïwo ewj‡jb, ÔIi mg Í b¨vKvwg|Õ Ae‡k‡l GKw`b wbiæ mweb‡q kvïwo‡K

ewjj,Ôevev‡K Avi Avgvi fvB‡ì GKevi †`Le, gv|Õ kvkywo ewj‡jb,Ô †Kej ev‡ci evwo hvBevi Qj|Õ †Kn

ewj‡j wek¦vm Kwi‡e bvÑ †hw`b mÜ¨vi mgq wbiæi k¦vm Dcw ’Z nBj †mBw`b cÖ_g Wv³vi †`wLj Ges †mBw`b

Wv³v‡ii †`Lv †kl nBj|

K. gš‘i KZUzKz Rwg Av‡Q?

L. Ô†Zvgvi bv‡q Avgv‡i ev‡ci evwo †cuŠQvqv wèv?Ñ †K,Kv‡K, †Kb e‡jwQj?

M. DÏxc‡Ki wbiæ ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †Kvb Pwi‡Îi m‡½ mv`„k¨c~Y©? ÑAv‡jvPbv Kiæb|

N. wbiæ I nvwjgv Df‡qi KiæY cwiYwZi Rb¨ Avgv‡ì cyiælZvwš¿K mgvR eë ’v& `vqx|Ó ÑDÏxcK I

ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡mi Av‡jv‡K gšÍe¨wU wePvi Kiæb|

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ-5

†ivM hLb ¸iæZi nBqv DwVj ZLb kvïwo ewj‡jb, ÔIi mg Í b¨vKvwg|Õ Ae‡k‡l GKw`b wbiæ mweb‡q kvïwo‡K

ewjj, Ôevev‡K Avi Avgvi fvB‡ì GKevi †`Le, gv|Õ kvkywo ewj‡jb, Ô†Kej ev‡ci evwo hvBevi Qj|Õ †Kn

ewj‡j wek¦vm Kwi‡e bvÑ †hw`b mÜ¨vi mgq wbiæi k¦vm Dcw ’Z nBj †mBw`b cÖ_g Wv³vi †`wLj Ges †mBw`b

Wv³v‡ii †`Lv †kl nBj|

K. gš‘i KZUzKz Rwg Av‡Q?

L. Ô†Zvgvi bv‡q Avgv‡i ev‡ci evwo †cuŠQvqv wèv? Ñ†K, Kv‡K, †Kb e‡jwQj?

M. DÏxc‡Ki wbiæ ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †Kvb Pwi‡Îi m‡½ mv`„k¨c~Y©? ÑAv‡jvPbv Kiæb|

N. Òbvixi KiæY cwiYwZi Rb¨ Avgv‡ì cyiælZvwš¿K mgvReë ’v A‡bKUvB `vqx|Ó Ñ¯xKvi K‡ib Kx?

DÏxcK I ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡mi Av‡jv‡K gšÍe¨wU wePvi Kiæb|

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ-6

œvb mgvcb nB‡j iZ‡bi WvK cwoj| iZb wbtk‡ã M„‡n cÖ‡ek Kwij Ges Av‡`k cÖZxÿvq GKevi bxi‡e cÖfzi

gy‡Li w`‡K Pvwnj| cÖfz Kwn‡jb, ÒiZb Avgvi RvqMvq †h †jvKwU Avm‡eb Zuv‡K e‡j w`‡q hve, wZwb †Zv‡K

AvgviB gZb hZœ Ki‡eb, Avwg hvw”Q e‡j †Zv‡K wKQz fve‡Z n‡e bv|Ó GB K_v¸‡jv †h AZ¨šÍ † œnMf© Ges `qv`ª©

ü`q nB‡Z DwÌZ †m wel‡q †Kvb m‡›`n bvB, wKš‘ bvix ü`q †K eywS‡e|

K. Ô†ejv ABqv †M‡Q LvBqv bvI|Õ Ñ†K, Kv‡K e‡jwQj?

L. g‡bvqvi nvwRi cwiPq w`b|

M. DÏxc‡Ki fv‡ei m‡½ ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨vmwU Kx mv`„k¨c~Y©? Ñ gZvgZ e¨³ Kiæb|

N. Ò†cÖÿvcU wfbœ n‡jI iZb I Uzwbi ü`‡qi AšÍtÿiY GKB avivq cÖevwnZ|Ó ÑDÏxcK I ÔnvRvi eQi

a‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡mi Av‡jv‡K gšÍe¨wU we‡kølY Kiæb|

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ-7

†mLv‡b †`wLjvg, Kb¨vKzj, mKj fwMbx, Avn¬v‡` †NvgUv Lywjqv gyL dzUvBqv, cwigj QzUvBqv, my‡Li nvwm

nvwm‡Z‡Q| †`wLjvg, cvZvq cvZvq RovRwo, M‡Üi fvÛv‡i QovQwo cwoqv wMqv‡Q| iƒ‡ci fv‡i mK‡j fvw½qv


cwo‡Z‡Q| hyw_, gvjZx, eKzj, iRbxMÜv cÖf…wZ G‡qvMY ¿x-AvPvi Kwiqv eiY Kwij| †`wLjvg, cy‡ivwnZ Dcw ’Z;

bmx eveyi begel©xqv Kb¨v (RxešÍ KzmygiƒwcYx) KzmygjZv m~P myZv jBqv `uvovBqv Av‡Q; Kb¨vKZ©v Kb¨v m¤úª`vb

Kwi‡jb; cy‡ivwnZ gnvkq `yBRb‡K GK m~Zvq Muvw_qv MuvUQov euvwaqv w`‡jb|

K. Uzwb Kv‡K gvwU‡Z †d‡j w`‡qwQj?

L. k¦ïi evwo †eov‡Z Avmv †Zviv‡ei A™¢zZ AvPi‡Yi cwiPq w`b|

M. DÏxcKwU ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †Kvb wel‡qi m‡½ mvgÄm¨c~Y©? ÑAv‡jvPbv Kiæb|

N. ÒDÏxcKwU ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡mi we‡qi AbyôvbwU‡K mvgwMÖKfv‡e cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i bv|Ó

ÑgšÍe¨wU we‡kølY Kiæb|

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ-8

nvq‡i msmvi| Kx wewPÎ Gi jxjv! c~Y©vi m‡½ Acye©i we‡qi K_v cÖvq cvKvcvwK n‡q G‡j wekvLv wnZvwnZ Ávbk~b¨

n‡q c‡o| †m Zvi ¯vgx †gveviK‡K c~Y©vi m¤úwZi †jvf †`wL‡q Zv‡K we‡q Kivi Rb¨ cÖjyä K‡i †Zv‡j| wekvLvi

Ggb cÖ Ív‡e †gveviK hvicibvB Lywk nj| †gvevi‡Ki wbKU ZLb wekvLv‡K A‡bK eo e‡j g‡b nq|

K. gš‘i gv‡qi Kei †Kv_vq?

L. bš‘ †k‡Li cwiPq w`b|

M. DÏxc‡Ki wecvkv ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †Kvb PwiÎ‡K cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i? ÑAv‡jvPbv Kiæb|

N. ÒDÏxcK Ges ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡m bvix Rxe‡bi Cl©vcivqYZv ¯úó n‡q D‡V‡Q|Ó Ñhyw³mn

gšÍe¨wU wePvi Kiæb|

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ-9

BwZnv‡mi RMr †_‡K †Kvb NUbv wKsev PwiÎ Aej¤^b K‡i Dcb¨vm iPbv Ki‡j Zv‡K HwZnvwmK Dcb¨vm e‡j|

BwZnv‡mi PwiÎ wKsev NUbv‡K weK…Z bv K‡i wkímylgvi gva¨‡g Kvwnwb I PwiÎ eqb Ki‡Z cvivUvB n‡”Q

HwZnvwmK Dcb¨‡mi mv_©KZv| G ai‡bi Dcmb¨v‡m †jL‡Ki Kíbvi iO Aek¨ _v‡K| KviY Jcb¨vwmK Dcb¨vm

iPbv K‡ib,BwZnvm bq| BwZnv‡mi gvj-gmjv,DcKiY I Z_¨ wb‡q wZwb K¼v‡ji Dci i³-gvsm w`‡q G‡K

AviI mRxe I cÖvYešÍ K‡i †Zv‡jb| ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨v‡qi ÔivRwmsnÕ I ÔP›`ª‡kLiÕ G avivi `y‡Uv †kÖô iPbv|

K. Dcb¨v‡mi cÖavb Dcv`vb KqwU?

L. evsjv‡`‡ki Dcb¨v‡mi ‰ewkó¨¸‡jv Kx Kx?

M. DÏxc‡Ki welqqe ‘ ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †Kvb w`KwU‡K wb‡`©k K‡i? ÑAv‡jvPbv Kiæb|

N. ÒDÏxc‡K ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡mi Av‡jvPbv As‡ki mgMÖ fve cÖKvwkZ nqwb,GKwU Ask dz‡U

D‡V‡Q gvÎ|Ó ÑgšÍe¨wU wePvi Kiæb|

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ-10

e„× eq‡m weevn KwiqvwQ| wewei m‡½ †`Lv nBevi c~‡e©B wZwb cvjvBqv †M‡jb| Avwg Zuvnv‡K LyuwR‡Z evwni

nBjvg| fv‡M¨i Kx †Ljv Avi †Lv`vi Kx gwR©, Zvnv‡K GB eRiv‡ZB cvBjvg| Zuvnvi m‡½ Pvÿzl †`LvI NwUj,

ewj‡Z j¾v bvB, Zvnv‡K †`Lvi ci Avgvi GB aviYv Av‡iv e×g~j nBj †h, Zvnv‡K Avwg †dwjqv hvB‡Z cvwi

bv| †h KwiqvB †nvK, Zuvnv‡K Avwg m‡½ jBqv hvBe| wKš‘ mgm¨v ¸iæZi| Zvnv‡K UjvB‡Z cvwi bv|

K. evsjv fvlvi cÖ_g Dcb¨vm †KvbwU?

L. ÔAvw`g gv`KZvq gvZvj wQj gKeyj|Õ ÑeywS‡q ejyb|

M. DÏxc‡Ki PwiÎwU ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡m Kvi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i? Ñe¨vL¨v Kiæb|

N. ÒcÖ_v ewnf©~Z we‡qi Kvi‡YB g~jZ Ø‡›Øi m„wó n‡q‡Q|Ó ÑDÏxcK I ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡mi

Av‡jv‡K gšÍe¨wU g~j¨vqb Kiæb|

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ-11

Kvj fi `ycy‡i eviæYx `xwNi cv‡o wM‡qwQj †g‡qUv| ïK‡bv WvjcvZv Kz‡ov‡Z| we‡Kj n‡jI †g‡qUv Avi N‡i

†d‡i bv| †g‡qi gv-‡Zv f‡q Aw ’i| eq¯‹v †g‡q †K Rv‡b Avevi †Kvb wec‡` coj| cÖ_‡g I‡K †`‡L Wni evwoi

_yi_y‡i eywoUv| j¤^v ZvjMv‡Qi wkq‡i D‡V `yÕcv `yw`‡K Qwo‡q w`‡q w`we¨ Mvb MvB‡Q †g‡qUv| eywo‡Zv AevK, Ôewj


†kdvwj ! ZzB wK j¾v-ki‡gi gv_v LvBwQm? w`b `ycy‡i Mv‡Q DBVv MxZ MvBevi jvMQm?Õ †kdvwj fq cvIqvi

e`‡j D‡ëv eywoi Nvo gUwK‡q †Ìqvi ûgwK †`q|

K.ÔIBnv‡b Pzwo cvIb hvq?Õ ÑDw³wU Kvi?

L. Ijv wewe †K? Zvi cwiPq w`b|

M. DÏxcKwU ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡mi m‡½ Kxfv‡e mv`„k¨c~Y©? ÑAv‡jvPbv Kiæb|

N. ÒDÏxcK I Dcb¨v‡mi Kzms¯‹viv”QvbœZv †hb GKB m~‡Î Muv_v|Ó ÑgšÍe¨wU we‡kølY Kiæb|

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ-12

fvwU AÂ‡ji GKwU MÖvg | em‡šÍi AvKv‡k hLb †RvQbvi evb Wv‡K, `wÿ‡Yi g„`yg›` evZvm hLb AwZ ax‡i Zvi

wPiæwb eywj‡q hvq Mv‡Qi cvZvq cvZvq, ZLb MÖv‡gi mevB mvivw`‡bi Kg©e¨ ÍZvi K_v fz‡j wM‡q nvZ-cv Qwo‡q

wekÖvg †bq| wbtkã wbSzg iv‡Z N‡ii Qvqv¸‡jv ax‡i ax‡i †n‡j c‡o D‡Vv‡bi gvSLv‡b| MÖvgwU‡Z ZLb ayg c‡o

cuyw_cv‡Vi| cvV Kiv nq gûqv, gjyqv KL‡bvev MvRxKvjy, †mvbvfv‡bi cuyw_|

K. av‡bi gImyg †kl n‡j gš‘ †Kv_vq KvR K‡i?

L. ms‡ÿ‡c Avey‡ji cwiPq w`b|

M. DÏxcKwU ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †Kvb ms¯‹…wZi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i? ÑAv‡jvPbv Kiæb|

N. Òcuyw_ cov Avgv‡ì nvRvi eQ‡ii †jvKms¯‹…wZi Ask|Ó ÑDÏxcK I ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡mi Av‡jv‡K

gšÍe¨wU g~j¨vqb Kiæb|

bgybv DËi : m„Rbkxj cÖkœ

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ-9 Gi bgybv DËi :

K. Dcb¨v‡mi cÖavb Dcv`vb cuvPwU|

L. Ôevsjv‡`‡ki Dcb¨vmÕ evsjv Dcb¨v‡mi avivq ¯Zš¿ êwk‡ó¨ gwÐZ GKwU kvLv|

evsjv‡`‡ki Dcb¨vm HwZnëvnx evsjv Dcb¨v‡mi KwbôZg aviv| G‡`‡ki Dcb¨v‡m ¯Zš¿ êwkó¨ ˆZwi n‡q‡Q

g~jZ GLvbKvi †fŠ‡MvwjK Aven, K…wlwbf©i Rxebeë¯’v, ¯Zš¿ ag©xq I mvs¯‹…wZK Rxeb‡eva Ges ivR‰bwZK

†cÖÿvc‡U| wb‡¤œ evsjv‡`‡ki Dcb¨v‡mi ¯Zš¿ êwkó¨¸‡jv Zz‡j aiv njÑ G †`‡ki Dcb¨v‡m GKw`‡K i‡q‡Q

K…wlwfwËK cjøxRxeb, Aciw`‡K †`Lv hvq AvaywbK iæwPi cwic~Y© bvMwiK Rxebaviv| Gi GKw`‡K Av‡Q evsjvi

cÖK…wZi Hk¦h©gq Dc ’vcbv, Aci w`‡K i‡q‡Q AvaywbK gvby‡li AšÍ‡ii RwUj we‡kølY| evsjv‡`‡ki Dcb¨v‡m

GKw`‡K †hgb †`Lv hvq cÖvPxb HwZ‡nï cÖwZ AvKl©Y, †Zgwb Aci w`‡K i‡q‡Q †ivgvw›UK Kíbv wejvm|

G‡`‡ki Dcb¨v‡m GKw`‡K i‡q‡Q ¯vaxbZv msMÖv‡gi weÿzä cUfzwgKvq gvby‡li Aw ’iZv, Aciw`‡K QvqvcvZ

K‡i‡Q ü`‡qi wPišÍb c‡U cÖwZwôZ †cÖwgK gvbyl|

M. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z welqe ‘ ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡mi Av‡jvPbv As‡k DwjøwLZ HwZnvwmK Dcb¨vm‡K wb‡`©k

K‡i|

Dcb¨vm AvaywbK Kv‡ji m„wó| †jL‡Ki e¨w³MZ Rxeb`k©b I Rxebvbyf~wZ hLb †Kv‡bv ev Íe Kvwnwb‡K Aej¤b

K‡i eY©bvZ¥K wkíK‡g© iƒcjvf K‡i ZLb Zv‡K Dcb¨vm ejv nq| Dcb¨v‡m e¨w³ gvby‡li mvgwMÖK RxebwPÎ

Zz‡j a‡i| Dcbvm hLb †Kv‡bv HwZnvwmK PwiÎ wKsev NUbv‡K Aej¤b K‡i ZLb Zv HwZnvwmK Dcb¨v‡m

cwiYZ nq|

DÏxc‡K †`Lv hvq, HwZnvwmK Dcb¨vm BwZnv‡mi RMr †_‡K Kvwnwb ev PwiÎ msMÖn K‡i| GLv‡b Dcb¨vm

iPwqZv BwZnv‡mi mZ¨‡K weK…Z K‡ib bv| Z‡e wZwb KL‡bv KL‡bv BwZnv‡mi m‡Zï m‡½ Kíbvi is wgwk‡q

_v‡Kb| Dcb¨v‡mi Av‡jvPbv As‡kI †`Lv hvq, †h Jcb¨vwmK G ai‡bi Dcb¨vm iPbv K‡ib wZwb BwZnv‡mi

mZ¨‡K Aej¤b K‡i _v‡Kb| Zuvi iPbvq BwZnv‡mi cÖPwjZ mZ¨ GKwU bZzb Zvrc‡h© D™¢vwmZ nq| AZGe

ejv hvq, DÏxc‡K cvV¨ iPbvi HwZnvwmK Dcb¨v‡mi cwiPqwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q|


N. DÏxc‡K ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡mi Av‡jvPbv As‡ki mgMÖ fvewU cÖKvwkZ nqwb| Dcb¨vm wkí n‡Z gvÎ

GKwU aviv A_©vr HwZnvwmK Dcb¨v‡mi cwiPq †`qv n‡q‡Q|

Dcb¨v‡m evYxiƒc cvq RMr I Rxe‡bi cÖwZ”Qwe| G‡Z cÖwZdwjZ nq †`k,Kvj I mgv‡Ri ev¯Íe wPÎ| Dcb¨vm

cvVK Dcb¨vm †_‡K imgvayh© Dc‡fvM K‡ib| Dcb¨v‡mi imgvay‡h©i m‡½ Zvi wbKU Rxeb I Pvicv‡ki cwiwPZ

RMr bZzb iƒ‡c D™¢vwmZ nq|

DÏxc‡K HwZnvwmK Dcb¨v‡mi eY©bv †`qv n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b HwZnvwmK Dcb¨v‡mi ¯iƒcwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q| ejv

n‡q‡Q HwZnvwmK Dcb¨vm iPwqZv BwZnv‡mi m‡Zï m‡½ Kíbvi iO wgwk‡q _v‡Kb| HwZnvwmK Dcb¨v‡m

BwZnv‡mi gvjgmjv I Z_¨-DcKiY _v‡K| Avi Jcb¨vwmK G‡K AviI cÖvYešÍ I mRxe K‡i †Zv‡j| cÿvšÍ‡i

cvV¨ iPbvq Dcb¨v‡mi mvgwMÖK cwiPq wea„Z n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b Dcb¨v‡mi msÁv, cÖKvi‡f`, MVb‰kjx cÖf…wZ

welq Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b Dcb¨v‡mi ZvwË¡K I cÖv‡qvwMK wel‡qiI we‡kølY i‡q‡Q|

Dcb¨v‡m ïay GKwU As‡ki Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Dcb¨vm-wk‡íi mvgwMÖK cwiPq †Ìqv nqwb| Ab¨w`‡K

cvV¨-As‡k Dcb¨v‡mi aviv¸‡jvi wbcyY we‡kølY Kiv n‡q‡Q| GQvov Dcb¨v‡mi Kvwnwb, PwiÎ, fvlv I msjvc,

†jL‡Ki Rxeb`k©b cÖf…wZi Av‡jvPbvI D‡V G‡m‡Q| m‡e©vcwi i‡q‡Q evsjv‡`‡ki Dcb¨v‡mi mswÿß cwiwPwZ|

ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxc‡K ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡mi Av‡jvPbv As‡ki mgMÖ fvewU cÖKvwkZ nqwb, GKwUgvÎ

Ask dz‡U D‡V‡Q|


K. c¨vixPuv` wgÎ iwPZ ÔAvjv‡ji N‡ii `yjvjÕ evsjv fvlvq iwPZ cÖ_g Dcb¨vm|

L. ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡m ey‡ov gKeyj wmK`vi evwoi cÖavb cyiæl|

Avengvb evsjvq gKeyj cyiælZvwš¿K mgv‡Ri cÖwZwbwa| †m mgvRcwZ n‡jI Zvi g‡a¨ mgvR cÖav‡bi ¯fve

ag© wQj bv| Zvi N‡i wZbRb ¯¿x i‡q‡Q| ¿x‡ì‡K †m wbg©g kvm‡b iv‡L| wKš‘ †m ¿x‡ì Avkv-AvKv•ÿvi

w`‡K †gv‡UI †Lqvj iv‡L bv| N‡i-evB‡i †m ¿x‡ì‡K w`‡q AgvbywlK cwikÖg Kivq| m¤ú‡ì †jv‡f gKeyj

Avw¤qv‡K PZz_© ¿x wnmv‡e N‡i Avb‡Z †P‡q‡Q| Gi Rb¨ Zv‡K cÖ_g I wØZxq ¿x‡K ZvjvK ch©šÍ w`‡Z n‡q‡Q|

gvbe Rxe‡b AÜKvi ch©v‡qi †h w`K¸‡jv i‡q‡Q Zvi meKqwUB ey‡ov gKey‡ji g‡a¨ cvIqv hvq| ZvB

gKeyj‡K Avw`g gv`KZvq gvZvj ejv n‡q‡Q|

M. DÏxc‡Ki PwiÎwU ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡mi ey‡ov gKeyj‡K cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i|

evsjv‡`‡ki MÖvgxY cÖK…wZ mylgvgq| wKš‘ gvby‡li Rxeb Gi Av‡jv‡K cÖvYcÖvPz‡h© ficyi bq| MÖvgxY Rxe‡b

Awkÿv, Kzms¯‹vi I wbPz `„wófw½i †eovRv‡j mvaviY gvbyl †eu‡P _v‡K †Kv‡bv iK‡g| Rxe‡bi gnË¡ Zv‡ì‡K

¯úk© Kivi my‡hvM cvq bv| cÖvPxb mgv‡Ri †h h~_e×Zv, wbôzi cyiælZvwš¿KZv I AgvbweK bvix wbh©vZb Zvi

meB i‡q‡Q ey‡ov gKeyj‡ì MÖvgxY mgv‡R|

DÏxc‡K †`Lv hvq PwiÎwU e„× eq‡m we‡q K‡i‡Q| wKšÍ Zvi ¿x Zvi wbKU †_‡K cjvqb K‡i| DÏxc‡Ki

PwiÎwU Zv‡K Lyu‡R †c‡q‡Qb b`x‡Z ivLv GKwU eRivq| ¿x‡K wZwb m‡½ wb‡Z Pvb wKš‘ Zvi ¿x m‡½ †h‡Z

Awb”QzK| Dcb¨v‡mI †`Lv hvq ey‡ov gKeyj e„× eq‡m Uzwb‡K we‡q K‡i| Amg eq‡mi Kvi‡Y Uzwbi m‡½

gKey‡ji †Kvb cÖKvi †evSvcov M‡o D‡Vwb| Uzwb Ny‡i †eovq gKey‡ji PvPvZ fvB gš‘i m‡½| ¯vgx wKsev

msmv‡ii cÖwZ Zvi †Kvb åƒ‡ÿc †bB| ¿x N‡i _vKv m‡Ë¡I gKeyj Zvi †Kvb mvwbœa¨ cvq bv| ZvB ejv hvq

DÏxc‡Ki e„‡×i m‡½ Dcb¨v‡mi †Kw›`ªq PwiÎ ey‡ov gKey‡ji mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|

N. DÏxc‡Ki PwiÎ I ey‡ov gKeyj mvgvwRK cÖ_vi evB‡i wM‡q we‡q Kivq Zv‡ì Rxe‡b KiæY cwiYwZ †b‡g

G‡m‡Q|

we‡q gvbe Rxe‡bi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© w`K| gvbyl msmvi iPbv K‡i GB weevn cÖ_vi ga¨ w`‡q| msmvi Rxe‡b

gvbyl Avb›`, cÖkvwšÍ I m¤úªxwZi g‡a¨ Rxeb AwZevwnZ K‡i| Avi Gi g~‡j i‡q‡Q ¯vgx- ¿xi g‡a¨ PgrKvi


†evSvcov| ¯vgx- ¿xi g‡a¨ eq‡mi eëav‡bi Kvi‡Y A‡bK mgq GB †evSvcovUv M‡o D‡V bv| Zvi Awbevh©

cwiYwZ nq Ø›Ø¦ I msNvZ|

ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡m †`Lv hvq ey‡ov gKeyj wK‡kvix Uzwb‡K we‡q K‡i N‡i Zz‡j‡Q| wKš‘ ZL‡bv Uzwbi

we‡qi eqm nqwb| g‡bi AZ…ß AvKv•ÿvq †m †Ljvi Q‡j Ny‡i †eovq gKey‡ji PvPvZ fvB gš‘i m‡½| †Kvb

†Kvb mgq nZvkvq Uzwb ey‡ov gKey‡ji g„Zz¨ Kvgbv K‡i| Uzwb ¯cœ †`‡L gKeyj gviv †M‡j †m cvwLi g‡Zv D‡o

ev‡ci evwo P‡j hv‡e| gš‘‡K Kv‡Q cvevi Rb¨ Uzwb GKmgq K~U‡KŠk‡ji AvkÖq †bq| hwÌ GB †KŠkjwU

mdj nqwb| ZeyI Gi cwiYwZ nq gvivZ¥K| ey‡ov gKeyj gviv hvq| DÏxc‡Ki PwiÎwUI e„× eq‡m we‡q K‡i|

GKmgq Zvi ¿x Zvi wbKU †_‡K cjvqb K‡i| ¿x‡K wZwb †mŠfvM¨µ‡g Luy‡R cvb GKwU eRiv †bŠKvq| wKš‘ ¿x

e„× ¯vgxi m‡½ wd‡i †h‡Z ivwR bq| AwZ mva¨-mvabv K‡iI DÏxc‡Ki PwiÎwU ¿x‡K wb‡Ri m‡½ wb‡q †h‡Z

cv‡ibwb|

DÏxc‡Ki e„× †jvK Ges Dcb¨v‡mi ey‡ov gKeyj `yR‡bB mvgvwRK cÖ_v †f‡½ AwaK eq‡m we‡q K‡i‡Qb| Zviv

Zv‡ì ¿x‡ì eqm we‡ePbv bv K‡i Aíeqmx wK‡kvixi cvwYMÖnY K‡i‡Qb| d‡j Df‡qi Rxe‡b †b‡g G‡m‡Q

KiæY cwiYwZ| ZvB ejv hvq, Dcb¨v‡m ey‡ov gKey‡ji †cÖÿvcUwU wKQzUv wfbœ n‡jI mvgvwRK cÖ_vi evB‡i we‡q

Kivq Df‡qi Rxe‡bB msKU ‰Zwi n‡q‡Q|


K. Dw³wU ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †K›`ªxq bvix PwiÎ Uzwbi|

L. Ijv wewe ej‡Z K‡jiv ev †fèwg †ivM‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q|

K‡jiv GKwU msµvgK e¨vwa| GKmgq MÖvgevsjvq K‡jiv gnvgvix AvKv‡i †`Lv w`Z Ges MÖvg‡K MÖvg DRvo

n‡q †hZ| †jvKwek¦vm Abyhvqx Ijvwewe GKRb bvix| Zvi GKwU †Luvov cv Av‡Q| nhiZ Avwj Ijvwewe‡K

AvQvo †g‡i Zvi GK cv †Luvov K‡i †`b| Ijv wewei Ab¨ `yB †evb n‡”Q emšÍ wewe I h²v wewe| †Kv‡bv

evwo‡Z Ijv wewei AvMgb NU‡j †m evwo‡Z K‡jiv †ivM †`Lv †`q|

M. DÏxc‡Ki m‡½ fz‡Zi wek¦v‡m ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡mi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|

Avengvb evsjvq MÖvgxY Rxe‡b †h mKj ms¯‹vi i‡q‡Q Zvi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg n‡”Q fz‡Z wek¦vm| †KD A¯vfvweK

AvPiY Ki‡j wKsev AmsjMœ K_vevZ©v ej‡j a‡i †bqv nq †h Zv‡K fz‡Z a‡i‡Q| GB fyZ‡K Zvov‡bvi Rb¨

ZLb KweivR ev †Kvb ISvi wbKU †bqv nq| DÏxcK Ges ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡m GiKg fy‡Z wek¦v‡mi

eY©bv i‡h‡Q|

DÏxc‡K †`Lv hvq †kdvwj eviæYx `xwNi cv‡o WvjcvZv Kzov‡Z hvq| weKvj n‡q †M‡jI †m evwo †divi bvg

K‡i bv| Zv‡K nVvr †mLv‡b ZvjMv‡Qi gv_vq Avwe®‹vi K‡i Wni evwoi eywo| †kdvwj ZvjMv‡Qi gv_vq e‡m

`yw`‡K `yÕcv Qwo‡q w`‡h Mvb Mvq| †KD Kv‡Q †M‡j Zvi Nvo gUwK‡q †`qvi ûgwK †`q| ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ

Dcb¨v‡mI †`Lv hvq, gRy e¨vcvwii †g‡q mwLbv GKw`b Lye †fv‡i ïK‡bv WvjcvZv Kzov‡Z cwii `xwNi cv‡o

hvq| †mLv‡b †m j¤^v †ZuZzjMv‡Qi gMWv‡j e‡m D”P¯‡i Mvb MvB‡Z _v‡K| ZLb Zvi PvPv ZKz e¨vcvwi Zv‡K

MvQ †_‡K bvgv‡Z †M‡j †m D‡ëv PvPv‡K kvmvq| GgbwK PvPv‡K Rv‡b LZg K‡i †djvi ûgwK †`q| ZvB ejv

hvq, DÏxcKwUi m‡½ ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡mi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|

N. ÔDÏxcK I ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡mi Kzms¯‹viv”QbœZv †hb GKB m~‡Î Muv_v|Õ ÑgšÍe¨wU h_v_©|

Avgv‡ì MÖvgxY mgv‡R A‡bK A‡jŠwKK wek¦vm I Kzms¯‹vi cÖPwjZ i‡q‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg GKwU welq fzZ-

†cÖ‡Z wek¦vm| Avm‡j c„w_ex‡Z fz‡Zi †Kvb Aw ÍZ¡ †bB| MÖvgxY mgv‡R †hwU‡K fzZ e‡j wek¦vm Kiv nq Zv

Avm‡j GKwU gvbwmK †ivM| fz‡Z aivi welqwU g~jZ gvby‡li gw¯Í‡®‹ Aw·‡R‡bi AfveRwbZ GKwU NUbv|

gw Í‡®‹ Aw·‡R‡bi Afve NU‡j GKai‡bi n¨vjywm‡bkb ˆZwi nh| GwU gvbyl‡K AmsjMœ AvPiY Ki‡Z eva¨

K‡i| ZvB ev¯Íe c„w_ex‡Z fzZ‡K †`Lv hvh bv|

DÏxc‡K †`Lv hvq, †kdvwj eviæYxi `xwNi cv‡o cvZv Kzov‡Z †M‡j Zv‡K fz‡Z a‡i| †m wekvj j¤^v GKwU

ZvjMv‡Q P‡o e‡m| Mv‡Qi Dci e‡m Mvb Mvq| Wni evwoi eywo Zvi wbKU †M‡j †m Zvi Nvo gUwK‡q †èvi


ûgwK †`q| cÿvšÍ‡i ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡mI i‡q‡Q gRy e¨vcvwii †g‡q mwLbv cwii `xwNi cv‡o †fv‡i

ïKbv cvZv Kzov‡Z wM‡q weKvj n‡jI Avi N‡i †d‡i bv| Zv‡K Luy‡R cvIqv hvq †ZuZzj Mv‡Qi gv_vq| †mLv‡b

†m yÕcv `yw`‡K Qwo‡q w`‡q g‡bi Avb‡›` Mvb Mvq|

DÏxcK I ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨vm `ywU‡ZB mgv‡Ri cÖPwjZ †jvKwek¦vm ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| mgv‡R wkÿvi Afve

_vK‡j G ai‡bi wek¦vm ˆZwi nq| GQvov †mLv‡b weÁvb wPšÍvi Abycw ’wZI jÿ Kiv hvq| mgv‡R N‡U hvIqv

NUbv‡K Zviv LuywU‡q LuywU‡q ch©v‡jvPbv K‡iwb| cÖPwjZ wek¦vm I ms¯‹vi‡K Zviv wbwe©ev‡` †g‡b wb‡q‡Q| ZvB

ejv hvq, DÏxcK I ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡m DwiøwLZ fz‡Zi Kzms¯‹vi †hb GKBm~‡Î Muvv_v|


K. av‡bi gImyg †kl n‡q †M‡j gš‘ KjvB, gyM, wZj, mwilvi †L‡Z KvR K‡i| gv‡S gv‡S †m G evwo I evwo

jvKwo KvUvi KvR †bq|

L. ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡m Aveyj GKwU AgvbweK PwiÎ|

Aveyj n‡”Q wkK`vi evwoi KZ©v gKey‡ji cÖwZ‡ewk| †m wZbwU we‡q K‡i‡Q| Zvi eZ©gvb ¿xi bvg nvwjgv| Gi

Av‡M †m Zvi `y‡Uv ¿x‡K wcwU‡q †g‡i‡Q| Zv‡ì bvg wQj Av‡qkv I Rwgjv| Kvi‡Y-AKvi‡Y Aveyj eD‡ì‡K

wcUvq| eD gvivq †m †hb ˆckvwPK Avb›` cvq| Aveyj cÖK…Zc‡ÿ Avgv‡ì MÖvgxY mgv‡R cyiælZvwš¿KZvi

cÖwZwbwa| GB cyiælZvwš¿KZv bvix‡K m¤§vb †`q bv, fvjev‡m bv, GgbwK gvbweK AwaKviUzKz ch©šÍ w`‡Z Pvq

bv| Aveyj mgv‡R wbg©gZvi cÖZxK|

M. DÏxcKwU ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡m cuyw_ covi ms¯‹…wZ‡K cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i|

evsjv‡`‡ki MÖvgxY Rxeb cÖvq ’wei, MwZnxb| GLv‡b gvby‡li Rxe‡b †Zgb †Kvb D‡ËRbv cwijwÿZ nq

bv,Rxeb P‡j cÖvq cwieZ©bnxbZvq| GLv‡b mvaviY gvby‡li Rxe‡b Avb‡›ì DcKiY ej‡ZI †Zgb wKQz& †bB|

ZvB Kg©K¬všÍ gvbyl †ejv †k‡l Avb‡›ì DcKiY wnmv‡e cuyw_cv‡Vi Av‡qvRb K‡i| Avi Aemi mg‡q MÖv‡gi

mevB †Mvj n‡q e‡m cuyw_cvV †kv‡b|

DÏxc‡K †`Lv hvq, fvwU AÂ‡ji MÖvgwU‡Z cuyw_cv‡Vi Avmi e‡m‡Q| MÖvgwU‡Z hLb g„`yg›` `wLbv evZvm eq

ZLb †mLv‡b cuyw_ covi Avmi R‡g D‡V| mÜ¨vi ci MÖv‡gi Kg©K¬všÍ gvbyl Avb›` Dc‡fv‡Mi Rb¨ cuyw_cvV

†kv‡b| D”Q¡wmZ nq MvRx Kvjy-P¤úveZx wKsev †mvbvfv‡bi Kvwnwb ï‡b| ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡mI †`Lv hvq

myiZ Avjx cuyw_ c‡o| GLv‡bI mviv w`‡bi Kg©K¬všÍ gvby‡li Rxe‡b Avb‡›ì DcKiY †Zgb GKUv †bB| Zviv

mÜ¨vi ci AvKvk fvwm‡q hLb †RvQbvi evb Wv‡K ZLb I‡Vv‡b †Mvj n‡q e‡m, cuyw_cvV †kv‡b| ZvB ejv hvq,

DÏxcKwU‡Z ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡mi cuyw_cv‡Vi ms¯‹…wZi wPÎ cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|

N. cuyw_ cov Avgv‡ì Avengvb MÖvgxY ms¯‹…wZi Ask|

MÖv‡gi gvbyl cuyw_ cv‡Vi ga¨ w`‡q Avb‡›ì RMZ‡K †Luv‡R| †Kbbv cyuw_i RMr †ivgv‡Ýi RMr| GB RM‡Zi

m‡½ gvbyl Zvi Kíbvi RMZ‡K wgwj‡q †bq| GKmgq †`Lv hvq Zvi mKj Kv‡Ri m‡½ Rwo‡q Av‡Q

Kí‡jv‡Ki cyuw_i RM‡Zi mZ¨| DÏxc‡K †`Lv hvq fvwU AÂ‡ji MÖvgwU‡Z Aemi mg‡q cuyw_ covi Avmi e‡m|

mviv w`b cwikÖ‡gi ci my‡hvM †c‡jB MÖv‡gi gvbyl bvP, Mvb, nvwm,Zvgvkv Avi Avb›` Djøv‡m †g‡Z I‡V| `wLbv

mgxiY Zv‡ì ¯vMZ Rvbvq| wbïwZ iv‡Zi N‡ii `xN© Qvqv Zv‡ì g‡b Db¥v`bv m„wó K‡i| Dcb¨v‡mI i‡q‡Q

AvKv‡k †RvQbvi evb WvK‡j wkK`vi evwo‡Z cyuw_cv‡Vi Avmi R‡g I‡V| wkK`vi cwiev‡ii m`mïv †g‡Z D‡V

Avb‡›`| cyuw_i RMZ Zv‡ì wb‡q hvq †ivgv‡Ýi RM‡Z| nq‡Zv GLv‡b Zviv bZzb Rxe‡bi ¯cœI †`‡L|

cyuw_cvV Avgv‡ì MÖvgxY Rxe‡b Avb›` jv‡fi GK Awe‡”Q`¨ Abyl½| wb Íi½ Rxe‡b GB cyuw_cvVB mvgvb¨ MwZi

mÂvi K‡i| cyuw_i gva¨‡g MÖv‡gi gvbyl Rxe‡bi Kí‡jv‡K cÖ‡ek K‡i| Avi Gfv‡eB Zvi Rxe‡b Rwo‡q _v‡K

cyuw_i RM‡Zi mZ¨| ZvB ejv hvq, cyuw_cvV Avgv‡ì mgv‡R nvRvi eQi a‡i Pjgvb †jvKms¯‹…wZi Ask|


A¨vmvBb‡g›U : wb‡R Kiæb

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ-1

†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨

Avi KZevi fvm‡Z n‡e i³M½vq?

Avi KZevi †`L‡Z n‡e LvÐe`vnb?

Zzwg Avm‡e e‡j, †n ¯vaxbZv,

mvwKbv wewei Kcvj fvOj,

wmuw_i wmu`yi gy‡Q †Mj nwi`vmxi|

K. ÔwbgK nvivgÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx?

L. ÔK_vUv Pvcv _vKj bv|Õ Ñ†Kvb K_vwU? eywS‡q ejyb|

M. DÏxc‡Ki mvwKbv wewe ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †Kvb PwiÎ‡K cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i?

N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki nwi`vmx I ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡mi Uzwbi Rxe‡b wech©q †b‡g G‡jI Df‡qi cUf~wg

wfbœ|Ó ÑgšÍe¨wU we‡kølY Kiyb|

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ-2

c„„w_ex‡Z †KD wPi ’vvqx bq| GK mgq mK‡j g‡i hvq wKš‘ †i‡L hvq Zvi DËivwaKvi| gvby‡li Mov A‡bK mf¨Zv

wPiKv‡ji Z‡i wejxb n‡q †M‡Q| GKKv‡ji c„w_exL¨vZ Gwkwiq I e¨vwejwbq mf¨Zv AvR Avi aŸsm Í~c Qvov

wKQzB bq| †Kej cÖK…wZ Zvi iƒc-im-MÜ wb‡q wPiKvj cÖvYgq n‡q c„w_ex‡Z cÖengvb i‡q‡Q| Gfv‡e c„w_ex Pj‡Q

nvRvi eQi a‡i| nq‡Zvev Pj‡Z _vK‡e AviI nvRvi eQi|

K. nxib AvRKvj †Kv_vq _v‡K?

L. myiZ Avjxi †Q‡jUv Kxfv‡e wcZvi cyuw_cv‡Vi ¸YwU iß K‡i‡Q?

M. DÏxc‡Ki fvebv ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡mi m‡½ Kxfv‡e mv`„k¨c~Y©? ÑAv‡jvPbv Kiyb|

N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki g~jfveB AbyiwYZ n‡q‡QÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡m|Ó ÑgšÍe¨wU g~j¨vqb Kiyb|

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ-3

nVvr wPrKvi K‡i D‡V gwR`| Zvici AK¯§vr GK AevK KvÐ K‡i e‡m †m| N‡ii gvSLv‡b GZ¸‡jv †jv‡Ki

mvg‡b †m nVvr iwngv Avi Rwgjv‡K GKm‡½ ZvjvK w`‡q e‡m| iv‡M Kuvc‡Z Kuvc‡Z e‡j, †Zviv Avgvi cx‡ii

gvRvi‡K Acgvb KiQm| evBi nBqv hv Avgvi evwo _vBK¨v| cwi‡ek †Kgb †hb †Nvjv‡U n‡q I‡V| ciÿ‡Y

GKUv AvZ©bv` K‡i gvwU‡Z jywU‡q c‡o iwngv| Rwgjv g~Q©v hvq| Avnv‡`i gv wPrKvi K‡i D‡V, ÔAvnv‡i †cvov

KcvBj¨v, B wK KBiwj ZzB? I‡i †cvov KcvBj¨v‡i, GB wK KBiwj?Õ

K. mvK©vm Kx?

L. ÔNUbvi AvKw¯§KZvq mK‡j Pg‡K DVj|Õ ÑeywS‡q ejyb|

M. DÏxcKwU ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †Kvb NUbvi m‡½ mvgÄm¨c~Y©? ÑAv‡jvPbv Kiæb|

N. ÒDÏxcK I ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡m bvix Rxe‡bi AmnvqZ¡B cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|Ó Ñg~j¨vqb Kiæb|

DËigvjv : eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ

01. K 02. L 03. K 04. K 05. M 06. L 07. N 08. L 09. L 10. K

11. L 12. M 13. L 14. M 15. L 16. N 17. K 18. L 19. L 20. K

21. N 22. K 23. K 24. M 25. M 26. M 27. L 28. M 29. K 30. L

31. L 32. N 33. L 34. N 35. K 36. K 37. N 38. M 39. K 40. N

41. K 42. L 43. N 44. M 45. N 46. K 47. L 48. L 49. K 50. N

51. L 52. K 53. L 54. K 55. L 56. L 57. K 58. M

SSC-1651 nvRvi eQi ai Ñ201 - Bangladesh Open University · SSC-1651 nvRvi eQi aiÑ203 nvRvi eQi ai...

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