Private Sector: The private sector is that part of the economy, sometimes referred to as the citizen sector, which is run by private individuals or groups, usually as a means of enterprise for profit, and is not controlled by the state.The main types of businesses in the private sector are:

Sole trader Partnership, either limited or unlimited liability Private Limited Company or LTD-limited liability, with private shares Public Limited Company – shares are open to the public. Two examples are:

i. Franchise – business owner pays a corporation to use their name, receives spec for the business. ii. Workers cooperative – all workers have equal pay, and make joint business decisions.

The organized sector in India consists of 293.77 thousand industrial establishments. Out of these, 172.34 thousand are public sector enterprises while 121.43 thousand are in private sector. The public sector employs about 180.7 lakh persons while the private sector employs 84.52 lakh persons. There are many private companies in India which offer excellent career opportunities for graduates from B.Tech in Electronics and Communications. Communication, media and entertainment industry is the biggest employer for electronics and communication engineers. In India, the media industry and communication sector has grown rapidly after privatization and there are many private firms including some multi national giants like Vodafone, Star network etc who provide good career opportunities for electronics and communication engineering graduates. Other few sectors where B.Tech Electronics and Communication graduates can find jobs are:

Telecommunication Software Engineering/IT

Power sector

Hardware Manufacturing

Home Appliance and VLSI design, etc

Software Industry: The software industry includes businesses involved in the development, maintenance and publication of computer software using any business model. The industry also includes software services, such as training, documentation, and consulting. There are several types of businesses in the software industry

Infrastructure software, including operating systems, middleware and databases, is made by companies and organizations such as Linux, Google, Microsoft, IBM, Sybase, EMC, Oracle and VMWare.

Enterprise software, the software that automates business processes in finance, production, logistics, sales and marketing, is made by Oracle, SAP AG , Sage and Infor.

Security software is made by the likes of Symantec, Trend Micro and Kaspersky. Other companies do contract programming to develop unique software for one particular

client company Electronic design automation (EDA or ECAD) is a category of software tools for designing electronic systems such as printed circuit boards and integrated circuits. The tools work together in a design flow that chip designers use to design and analyze entire semiconductor chips. Before EDA, integrated circuits were designed by hand, and manually laid out. Some advanced shops used geometric software to generate the tapes for the Gerber photoplotter, but even those copied digital recordings of mechanically-drawn components. The process was fundamentally graphic, with the translation from electronics to graphics done manually. The best known company from this era was Calma, whose GDSII format survives. The next era began about the time of the publication of "Introduction to VLSI Systems" by Carver Mead and Lynn Conway in 1980. This ground breaking text advocated chip design with programming languages that compiled to silicon. The immediate result was a considerable increase in the complexity of the chips that could be designed, with improved access to design verification tools that used logic simulation. Often the chips were easier to lay out and more likely to function correctly, since their designs could be simulated more thoroughly prior to construction. 1981 marks the beginning of EDA as an industry. For many years, the larger electronic companies, such as Hewlett Packard, Tektronix, and Intel, had pursued EDA internally. In 1981, managers and developers spun out of these companies to concentrate on EDA as a business. EDA for electronics has rapidly increased in importance with the continuous scaling of semiconductor technology. EDA tools are also used for programming design functionality into FPGAs(Field Programmable Gate Array). Cadence Design Systems, Inc is an electronic design automation (EDA) software and engineering services company, founded in 1988 by the merger of SDA Systems and ECAD, Inc. For years it had been the largest company in the EDA industry. The name is pronounced with the stress on the first syllable. Cadence's product offerings are targeted at various types of design and verification tasks which include:

Virtuoso Platform - Tools for designing full-custom integrated circuits; includes schematic entry, behavioral modeling (Verilog-AMS), circuit simulation, full custom layout, physical verification, extraction and back-annotation.

Encounter Platform - Tools for creation of digital integrated circuits. This includes floorplanning, synthesis, test, and place and route.

Incisive Platform - Tools for simulation and functional verification of RTL including Verilog, VHDL and SystemC based models.

Allegro Platform - Tools for co-design of integrated circuits, packages, and PCBs

Top companies:Synopsys , Cadence , Mentor Graphics , Magma Design Automation , Zuken Inc., Oracle Corporation, IBM, Microsoft, Google, Accenture etc

Hardware Industry: The electronic hardware industry occupies prominent position in current scenario of advanced/modern technology. It plays a vital role in various sectors including automobile, communication, telecom, defence, agriculture, etc. Electronics Hardware sector comprises consumer electronics, telecommunication equipments, IT hardware, etc. Demand for electronic hardware is fuelled by heavy usage of telecom, internet and broadband services by young generation, increase in disposable income with middle class, changing life style, low-cost of electronic gazettes, launch of new products with advanced technical skills, etc.Consumer Electronics : The consumer electronics is the largest segment of the electronics hardware industry. The consumer electronics industry consists of products like television, audio-video products including music systems, VCD/DVD/MP3 players, satellite digital radio, portable cassette player, etc. Multinational companies (MNC’s) like LG and Samsung are involved manufacturing of such products.Industrial electronics : The industrial electronic segment includes critical hardware technologies and systems with built in software. Industrial electronics is a very high-technology area that requires huge R&D investments. It leads to higher initial cost and a much higher maintenance cost in the long run. The leading Indian suppliers of the industrial electronics and controls are Siemens, L&T, Honeywell, Mitshubishi, Emerson etc. They bring their hardware from overseas principals / parent companies and undertake the integration, software development, installation and commissioning work in India.Computer Industry : This segment includes personal computers, servers, data processing equipment and peripherals such as monitors, keyboards, disk drives, printers, modems, and other attachments. Multinational brands like Acer, Lenovo, HP, dominates the Indian PC markets; they have their assembly units in India. However, the Indian companies like Wipro, HCL, Zenith, etc facing tough competition by the MNCs.Communication and Broadcasting Sector : The communications sector covers the areas of network infrastructure, services, technology and equipment production. The communication products manufactured includes telephone instruments, electronic/digital switching equipment, EPABXs, electronics telex exchanges, transmission equipment such as open wire systems, coaxial systems, optical fibre cables, radio paging equipments, data paging equipments, etc. The

Broadcast sector covers digital broadcasting of audio and video, broadband access devices, digital video broadcasting (satellite and cable TV). Various multinational companies have joined hands with domestic companies to cater to the domestic needs in the field of telephone services, radio paging, mobile phones. Tremendous growth was seen in communication networks, optical line transmissions, radio and satellite transmission, value added services, switching and mobile communication. Broadband has been the significant driver of the economy after the introduction of WiFi, WiMax, 3G, VoIP, IPTV, broadband on power line, wireless sensor network. Hewlett-Packard Company, commonly referred to as HP, is an American multinational information technology corporation specializes in developing and manufacturing computing, data storage, and networking hardware, designing software and delivering services. Major product lines include personal computing devices, enterprise, and industry standard servers, related storage devices, networking products, software and a diverse range of printers, and other imaging products. HP has successful lines of printers, scanners, digital cameras, calculators, PDAs, servers, workstation computers, and computers for home and small business use; many of the computers came from the 2002 merger with Compaq. HP today promotes itself as supplying not just hardware and software, but also a full range of services to design, implement, and support IT infrastructure.

HP's Imaging and Printing Group (IPG) is "the leading imaging and printing systems provider in the world for printer hardware, printing supplies and scanning devices, providing solutions across customer segments from individual consumers to small and medium businesses to large enterprises.

HP's Personal Systems Group (PSG) claims to be "one of the leading vendors of personal computers ("PCs") in the world based on unit volume shipped and annual revenue.

HP Enterprise Business (EB) incorporates HP Technology Services, Enterprise Services (an amalgamation of the former EDS, and what was known as HP Services), HP Software Division, and Enterprise Servers, Storage and Networking Group (ESSN).

HP Software Division is the company's enterprise software unit. For years, HP has produced and marketed its brand of enterprise management software, HP OpenView.

Top companies:HP, Samsung, Foxconn, Nokia, Dell, Toshiba, Intel, LG Electronics, Cisco, Canon etc

Benefits of working in a private sector•    Excellent remuneration packages •    Salary increases based on performance •    Excellent medical schemes •    Better promotion opportunities •    More networking opportunities •    Challenging offers