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Project Delivery Methodology (PDM)

System Requirements

Carleton University

UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE FOR

FARM CROP SURVEILLANCE

VERSION: 1.1 REVISION DATE: 10 OCT 2014

Approval of the System Requirements indicates an understanding of the purpose and content described

in this deliverable. By signing this deliverable, each individual agrees with the content contained in thisdeliverable.

Approver Name Title SignatureDate

Prof. Artemev

Prof. Tan

Prof. Nitzshe

Mr. Bauer


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Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for Farm Crop Surveillance System RequirementsVersion 1 October 6, 2014

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------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Carleton University UAV Project

System Requirement Document. V 1.1 | 6 OCT 2014 Page 2 of 9

Contents

Section 1 Purpose ........................................................................................................................................ 3

1.2 Acronyms ............................................................................................................................................ 3

Section 2 General System Requirements .................................................................................................... 3

2.1 Major System Capabilities ............................................................................................................. 3

2.2 Major System Conditions .............................................................................................................. 4

2.3 System Interfaces .......................................................................................................................... 4

2.4 System User Characteristics .......................................................................................................... 4

2.5 General Constraints ...................................................................................................................... 5

2.6 System Requirements ................................................................................................................... 5

Section 3 Policy and Regulation Requirements .......................................................................................... 7

3.1 Policy Requirements ..................................................................................................................... 8

3.2 Regulation Requirements ............................................................................................................. 8

Section 4 Security Requirements ................................................................................................................ 8

Section 5 Training Requirements ................................................................................................................ 8

Section 6 References ................................................................................................................................... 8

Section 7 Document Revision History ......................................................................................................... 9


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Section 1 Purpose

The purpose of the System Requirements document is to specify the overall system requirements that

will govern the development and implementation of the 2014 MAAE 4907 fixed-wing UAV project. The

document will outline initial system requirements, security, and training agreed upon by the project

sponsor and key stakeholders. The SRD is iterative, and new versions are to be added.

1 2 Acronyms

AGL above ground level

AME aircraft maintenance engineer

ASL above sea level

FAA Federal Aviation Administration

FOM Figure of Merit

GCS ground control station

SRD system requirements document

TBD to be determined

TBR To be reviewed

TBO time between overhaul

TC Transport Canada

UAV Uninhabited aerial vehicle

CAR Canadian Aviation Regulations

AWM Airworthiness Manual

Section 2 General System Requirements

2 1 Major System Capabilities

- The fixed-wing UAV will provide crop surveillance for farms and gather data on crop

health, land topography, pests, etc (aspects of interest to a farm operator to ensure

smooth operation of a farm).

- The system shall be readily available and easy to deploy.

- The system shall be deployable from any farm.

- The UAV shall be capable of flying without the need for a trained pilot to control it.


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- The system shall have a health monitoring system which will detect structural

damage that may make the flight unsafe and will return the UAV to base or execute a

forced landing. [TBR]

2 2 Major System Conditions

- The system is targeted for agricultural farms.

- The system shall run on readily available fuel.

- The UAV will be subject to weather limitations [TBD].

- The system shall be deployable by any user without a trained pilot.

2 3 System Interfaces

The UAV system shall be automated to enable autonomous takeoff, flight, data acquisition, and landing.

The flight plan shall be uploaded to the UAV by the user. The UAV shall then be deployed in the location

of interest and begin its autonomous flight. After completing the surveying mission, the UAV will self-

land to allow the user to efficiently upload the data of interest.

The UAV shall have a recovery system that will either return the UAV to base or execute an emergency

landing if flying conditions deteriorate or if any structural damage occurs that renders flying unsafe.

The user shall not be required to participate in the actual flying of the UAV: flight will be fully

autonomous. The user shall interact with the system during flight programming, uploading flight

programs, deploying the UAV, recovering the UAV, receiving flight and surveillance data, and

maintaining the UAV and its systems.

The UAV shall provide thermal and multispectral vision using the proposed payload.

The UAV shall be able to provide live data to the user.

The UAV shall be handled by a minimum of two persons at all times.

2 4 System User Characteristics

The system is to be used by crop consultants. The system uses the availability of gravel roads

and grass fields in farms for takeoff and landing. The user deploys the UAV system to inspect a field. The

system can be deployed in any location with ground elevation of 5000 ft ASL. The user shall be able to

program the flight path and layout survey lines for the farm.


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2 5 General Constraints

2 6 System Requirements

Tag Criteria Threshold

Requirement

Objective

Requirement

Rationale Status

001 Range 12.5 miles TBD Based on number

and length of passes

to cover a field and

return to base.

TBR

Subject t

o

increase

002 Endurance 60 minutes 90 minutes Covering a field at

minimum cruise

speed will take

approximately 60

minutes. An

allowance of 30

minutes was

included.

TBR

Subject

to

increase

Requirement Rationale Cert.

Status

Status

Minor UAV service should be

able to be performed by

operator(s) on site. Using

simple hand tools such asscrew drivers

This avoids the cost of transporting

the UAV for minor services. This may

include routine engine replacement.

TBD


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003 MTOW 55 lb 44 lb For certification

purposes: any aerial

vehicle above 55 lb

requires a trained

pilot [CARs].

Secondary rationale

is for ease of

transport.

TBR

004.a Cruise speed

(indicated)

31 mph

[28 kts]

40.5 mph

[36 kts]

Lower cruise speeds

allow for better

imaging quality.

TBR

004.b Minimum speed TBD

004.c Maximum speed 43.5 mph

[39 kts]

56 mph

[50.5 kts]

005 Transport 96 in long x 50 in wide x 36 in high Must be easily

transportable to/from

operating area in a

conventional road vehicle.

This is the typical box size

of a full size pickup truck.

FIXED

005.a The entire UAV

operational

system shall be

able to fit within a

005.b The complete

UAV operational

system shall be

able to fit within

an Air Canada

cargo container

7.16 ft long x 10.25 ft wide 5.25 ft

high

Allows for economic means

of transportation by a

conventional transport

means.

006 Automatedtakeoff and

landing

Takeoff and land in the presenceof crosswinds while maintaining

ground communication and

flight position

This will allow easeof use by farmers

(or laymen in

general) via

automation.

TBR

007 Absolute ceiling

(ASL)

7000 ft 6500 ft This is based on the

average ground elevation

of farms in Canada.

FIXED

008 Surveillance

altitude (AGL)

400 ft 390 ft This takes into

account the

altitude that

sensors need to beat for scanning a

field.

400 ft (AGL) is the

limit of where

clearance is needed

[FAA]

TBR

009 Takeoff roll (if 300 ft 200 ft Based on the length of an TBR


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conventional) average sized field in the

Experimental Farm

(Ottawa)

010 Maximum landing

Roll

300 ft 200 ft TBR

011 Obstacle

clearance (end ofrunway)

Landing and

Takeoff

8 ft 10 ft Based on the height of the

highest crop produced(corn)

TBR

012 Runway condition Grass fields and gravel roads Allows for takeoff from any

unprepared runways in a

farm.

FIXED

013 Payload 6.6 lb 5.5 lb This includes mission and

flight avionics payloads.

TBR

014 Communicationrange with ground

1.5 mi 2.3 mi Based on diagonal distanceof two rectangular fields

plus a safety margin.

TBR

015.a Fuel type The fuel used shall be readily

available in a farm such as gasoline

or diesel.

This makes the UAV ready

to operate at any time with

fuel readily available /

avoids the need for

specialty fuel (which may

be hard to come by,

expensive, or both).

TBD

015.b The UAV shall not use battery

power to provide power for

propulsion.

This eliminates the time

needed to recharge

batteries. Battery power is

also avoided for weight

reduction.

FIXED

016 Climb rate TBD

017 Payload

installation

TBD

018 Cost TBD

019 Assembling The user shall be able to assemble

the UAV with readily available

simple hand tools

It should not require more

than 2 persons to assemble

it.

Section 3 Policy and Regulation Requirements


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- The UAV shall comply with all laws and regulations outlined in CAR1 and AWM

2.

- Flight clearance is needed for any flight above 400 ft AGL which may limit the

mission performance if flight clearance is to be avoided.

- CARs requires that any aerial vehicle above 55 lb requires a trained pilot to operate

it; therefore, 55 lb is the maximum threshold.

3 1 Policy Requirements

TBD

3 2 Regulation Requirements

TBD

Section 4 Security Requirements

TBD

Section 5 Training Requirements

The system shall not require the user to undergo training to fly the UAV. The user interface shall

be simple and user-friendly, such that only a familiarization session shall be sufficient for any user

to easily learn to fully operate the UAV.

The user shall not be engaged in flying the UAV. The users responsibility shall only be to upload

the mission and flight data to the system, deploys the UAV and then recover it and upload the

collected data.

The training/tutorial shall cover all aspects of the UAV system including system familiarization,

flight programming and interface, operation, deployment, recovery, and maintenance.

Section 6 References

Document No. Document Title Date Author

1CAR 623.65(d) Unmanned Air Vehicle

2Transport CanadaAir Worthiness Manual Chapter 525


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Section 7 Document Revision History

Version Date Name Description

1.0 6 OCT 2014 Integration Team (INT)Y. Berestetsky

A. Jabakhanji

B. The

J. Gill

M. Youn

K. Adem

Initial SystemRequirements

Document

[initial creation]

1.1 10 OCT 2014 Integration Team -Updated values

-Added requirements

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