SRD-2

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Systems Requirements Document

SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS DOCUMENT

LEAN, RENEWABLE, ALTERNATIVE ENERGY 18-WHEELER

13 October 2014

Prepared for:

Prof Kevin ToppThe George Washington University

Prepared by:

Jerusal Leang: ___________________________

Derek Cunningham: ______________________

Jason Garrison: __________________________

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Contents1. Scope/Introduction.......................................................................................................................4

System Identification..................................................................................................................4

System Development Overview.................................................................................................4

Document Overview...................................................................................................................4

2. Applicable Documents.................................................................................................................5

General........................................................................................................................................5

Documentation............................................................................................................................5

Specifications, Standards, and Handbooks.............................................................................5

Other Documents, Drawings, and Publications......................................................................5

Order of Precedence....................................................................................................................5

Unless otherwise noted herein or in the contract, in the event of a conflict between the text of this document and the references cited herein (except for related specification sheets), the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained. ........................................5

3. System Requirements...................................................................................................................6

Required States and Modes.........................................................................................................6

Figure 1. Logical block diagram showing the layout of the LRAE-18 Propulsion and Energy Reclaiming Systems. ...................................................................................................................6

The propulsion system of LRAE-18 shall operate in one of three modes: Normal, Reverse, and Reserve. ...............................................................................................................................6

The energy reclaiming, or recharging, system of LRAE-18 shall operate in one of three modes: Normal, Backup, and Alternate. ....................................................................................7

System Function..........................................................................................................................9

The Propulsion and Energy Reclaiming Systems shown in Figure 1 of Section 3.1 are only two of LRAE-18’s many systems. The remaining systems can be found in the Physical Architecture in Section 3.3, which is the design solution for the Functional Architecture shown below. .........................................................................................................................................9

System Functional Requirements.........................................................................................10

System Design..........................................................................................................................15

The design solution for the Functional Architecture in Section 3.2 is shown below. ............15

System Design Requirements...............................................................................................16

System External Interface Requirements..................................................................................22

System Internal Interface Requirements...................................................................................24

Safety Requirements.................................................................................................................26

Security and Privacy Requirements..........................................................................................27

System Environment Requirements..........................................................................................28

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Personnel-Related Requirements..............................................................................................30

Training-Related Requirements................................................................................................30

Packaging Requirements...........................................................................................................31

Disposal.....................................................................................................................................31

4. Verification Provisions..............................................................................................................33

Verification Methods................................................................................................................33

Demonstration.......................................................................................................................33

Test........................................................................................................................................33

Analysis.................................................................................................................................33

Inspection..................................................................................................................................33

Special Verification Methods...................................................................................................34

5. Requirements Traceability.........................................................................................................35

Traceability to Capability Document or System Specification.................................................35

Traceability to Subsystems Requirements................................................................................35

6. Appendix....................................................................................................................................36

Appendix A: Acronyms and Definitions..................................................................................36

Appendix B: Key Performance Parameters/Key System Attributes.........................................37

6.3 Appendix C: Requirements Traceability Matrix..................................................................67

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1. Scope/Introduction

The LRAE-18 is a new class of 18-wheeler that is cutting-edge technology for transporting supermarket goods. To compete against the diesel 18-wheeler that currently dominates the market, the new 18-wheeler shall have the following key capabilities:

- Exploiting renewable sources of energy, which are natural resources that can quickly replenish themselves so their supply can be considered as unlimited.

- Utilizing alternative types of energy, which would not result in the production of the global warming causing agent carbon dioxide.

- Consuming energy intelligently to avoid unforeseen new types of environmental problems. - Adopting user friendly human interface design to overcome culture resistance and rejection

by mainstream users. - Achieving a total life cycle cost of at least 10% less than that of the current diesel 18-wheeler

as a motivating incentive for accepting the risks of relinquishing current for new 18-wheeler technology.

System Identification

The LRAE-18 is currently in its initial stage of development. All system requirements shall be identified via the convention PRUIN-Project Phase - ### to include its project phase.

System Development Overview

The LRAE-18 is expected to phase out and replace the diesel 18-wheeler over a period of 5 years. In the first year of development, analysis for our business and technical requirements will consume about 9 months. The remaining 3 months will be used to obtain early acceptance of user-friendly human interface design from mainstream users such as drivers, mechanics, and support facility staffs. In the second year, much of our effort will focus on working closely with our contractor to evaluate engineering and technology tradeoffs for intelligent design selections while our mainstream users will receive training via use case scenarios and design mockups. In our third year, we will remain only a phone call away from our contractor with our decisions and oversights to support their construction and testing or validation of the product in its defined environment. In our fourth year, we will roll out into our pilot scale implementation of the product in undefined environments to discover any gross misconception error and limitations that were not anticipated during our system development phase. In our final year, we will have our system of interest mass-produced to take over the market for transporting goods to supermarket chain from our diesel 18-wheeler competition.

Document Overview

This document contains the system requirements for the development of LRAE-18. Its content is Company Proprietary Information Level III. Distribution is strictly prohibited without the express written approval from the Program Office.

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2. Applicable Documents

General

This document is the System Requirements Document (SRD) for the initial stage of the LRAE-18 Project. Section 1 briefly provides the purpose for developing this new class of 18-wheeler and its overarching development strategy. Section 2 delineates the various types of documents relevant to this project. Section 3 captures all of the requirements for LRAE-18 development. Section 4 discusses the verification of the requirements in Section 3. Section 5 provides the traceability of the system requirements back to those captured in the capability development document. Refer to LRAE 18-Wheeler version 1.0 initial capabilities document (ICD, 2014). Section 6 is a compilation of Appendixes.

Documentation

- CDD - LRAE 18-Wheeler version 1.0, 2014

- Department of Transportation Rules and Regulations, 2013.

- Environmental Protection Agency, 2010.

- OSHA Regulations, 2014.

- FDA Regulations, 2013.

Specifications, Standards, and Handbooks

- Systems Engineering Handbook by Incose, 2014.

Other Documents, Drawings, and Publications

- DWG 1.000.1.2.3, rev 3 – Prototype sketches of LRAE-18.

Order of Precedence

Unless otherwise noted herein or in the contract, in the event of a conflict between the text of this document and the references cited herein (except for related specification sheets), the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained.

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3. System Requirements

Required States and Modes

Figure 1. Logical block diagram showing the layout of the LRAE-18 Propulsion and Energy Reclaiming Systems.

The propulsion system of LRAE-18 shall operate in one of three modes: Normal, Reverse, and Reserve.

Normal Mode (vehicle is driven by battery power) shall occur as follows:- Bank of Batteries on board vehicle shall provide Direct Current to the Power Inverter.

- Power Inverter shall convert Direct Current to Alternating Current.

- Alternative Current shall change magnetic polarity of Motor-Generator winding coils.

- Like magnetic polarity of Motor-Generator winding coils and magnets on Drive Shaft shall repel.

- Repelling force shall turn the Drive Shaft.

- Rotating Drive Shaft shall turn the wheels of the vehicle.

- Rotating wheels shall put the vehicle in motion.

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SupportFacilities

Bank of Batteries

PowerInverter

Electro-Mechanical Motor-Generator

DriveShaft

Wheels

VehicleMotion

VehicleStopping Energy

VehicleGravitational Energy

Liquid NitrogenEngine

Nitrogen Vapor Pressure

Heating Element -Heat Exchanger

Low Boiling Point Liquid

Nitrogen

AmbientHeat

NormalCharging

BackupCharging

AlternateCharging

Alternate Charging Method A

Alternate Charging Method B

Alternate Charging Method C

Propulsion System in Reverse Mode

SUN

Solar Panel

PWRGrid

LRAE-18 PROPULSION SYSTEM& ENERGY RECLAIMING SYSTEM

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Reverse Mode (electro-mechanical motor-generator takes on the role of a generator to recharge the bank of batteries on board the vehicle) shall occur as follows:

- Vehicle wheels or Liquid Nitrogen Engine shall turn Drive Shaft with attached magnets.

- Rotating magnets on Drive Shaft shall produce moving magnetic flux cutting through Motor-Generator winding coils to induce, or generate, Alternating Current.

- Power Inverter shall convert Alternating Current to Direct Current.

- Direct Current shall recharge Bank of Batteries.

Reserve Mode (liquid nitrogen is used to drive the vehicle and also recharge the bank of batteries) shall occur as follows:

- Extremely low boiling point Liquid Nitrogen absorbing Ambient Heat via Heat Exchanger or heat from Heating Element powered by Bank of Batteries shall turn into Nitrogen Vapor.

- Nitrogen Vapor Pressure shall drive Liquid Nitrogen Engine.

- Liquid Nitrogen Engine shall turn Drive Shaft.

- Rotating Drive Shaft shall turn wheels to put vehicle in motion and attached magnets to recharge Bank of Batteries. Refer to Operation of Vehicle Propulsion System in Reverse Mode (Charging Vehicle Battery).

The energy reclaiming, or recharging, system of LRAE-18 shall operate in one of three modes: Normal, Backup, and Alternate.

Normal Mode for recharging the bank of batteries on board the vehicle shall occur as follows:- Solar Panels on vehicle shall convert Solar Energy from sun to Electrical Energy.

- Electrical Energy shall recharge Bank of Batteries.

Backup Mode for recharging the bank of batteries on board the vehicle shall occur as follows:- Electrical Energy at the Support Facilities supplied by the Local Power Grid shall

recharge Bank of Batteries.

Alternate Mode for recharging the bank of batteries on board the vehicle shall occur when the propulsion system of the vehicle operates in Reverse Mode. Alternate Mode shall happen in one of three ways: Method A, Method B, Method C. Method A, which uses the vehicle stopping energy, shall occur as follows:

- Vehicle Stopping Energy, which is work done by the rotating wheels in turning Electro-Mechanical Motor-Generator via Drive Shaft to stop the vehicle with its Propulsion System in Reverse Mode, shall translate into Alternating Current.

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- Power Inverter shall convert Alternating Current from Electro-Mechanical Motor-Generator to Direct Current to recharge Bank of Batteries.

Method B, which uses the vehicle gravitational energy, shall occur as follows:- Vehicle Gravitational Energy, which is work done by the rotating wheels in turning

Electro-Mechanical Motor-Generator via Drive Shaft as the vehicle, with its Propulsion System in Reverse Mode, is going downhill, shall translate into Alternating Current.

- Power Inverter shall convert Alternating Current from Electro-Mechanical Motor-Generator to Direct Current to recharge Bank of Batteries.

Method C, which uses the vehicle Liquid Nitrogen Engine, shall occur as follows:- Liquid Nitrogen Engine shall turn Drive Shaft of vehicle with its Propulsion System in

Reserve Mode.

- Rotating Drive Shaft shall also turn attached magnets to recharge Bank of Batteries. Refer to Reverse Mode (electro-mechanical motor-generator takes on the role of a generator to recharge the bank of batteries on board the vehicle) section discussed above.

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System Function

The Propulsion and Energy Reclaiming Systems shown in Figure 1 of Section 3.1 are only two of LRAE-18’s many systems. The remaining systems can be found in the Physical Architecture in Section 3.3, which is the design solution for the Functional Architecture shown below.

Diagram 1. LRAE-18 Functional Architecture showing parent to child functional relationships.

As depicted in Diagram 1, the system shall functionally have the following capabilities for transporting supermarket goods:

• SFIN 1.0 – Loading supermarket goods.• SFIN 2.0 – Protecting supermarket goods.• SFIN 3.0 – Preserving supermarket goods.• SFIN 4.0 – Delivering supermarket goods.• SFIN 5.0 – Unloading supermarket goods.• SFIN 6.0 – Tracking supermarket goods.

These six parent functions beget all the functional requirements in Table 1 of Section 3.2.1.

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TRANSPORTSUPERMARKET

GOODS

2.0 PROTECT

GOODS

3.0PRESERVE

GOODS

4.0 DELIVERGOODS

5.0 UNLOADGOODS

6.0 TRACKGOODS

1.0LOAD

GOODS

1.2 LIFT

GOODS

1.3 – 1.5 STOREGOODS

1.1 WEIGHGOODS

2.1 SECUREGOODS

2.2 RELEASE

GOODS

3.1 CONTROLCLIMATE

4.2 OPERATEVEHICLE

4.3 STOP

VEHICLE

4.1START

VEHICLE

5.1 RETRIEVE

GOODS

5.2 LOWERGOODS

4.2.2 MAINTAIN

SPEED

4.2.1 INCREASE

SPEED

4.2.3 DECREASE

SPEED

3.1.2 – 3.1.4 MAINTAIN

TEMP

3.1.1RAISETEMP

3.1.5 LOWERTEMP

6.1 IDENTIFY

GOODS

6.2 LOG

GOODS

FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE OF LRAE-18

3.1.1.1 ADD

HEAT

3.1.5.1REMOVE

HEAT

6.2.1 LOG

QUANTITY OF GOODS

6.2.2 LOG

WEIGHT OF GOODS

4.2.4CONSERVE

FUEL

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System Functional Requirements

Table 1. This table identifies the system functional requirements, each of which is annotated with a unique project identifier number for traceability. Their performance has an applicable development threshold and objective. Verification and validation of these requirements later.

Project Requirement Unique Identification Number

Requirement Statement DevelopmentThreshold

(T)

Development Objective

(O)

PRUIN-1-1 The system shall have the capability to load supermarket goods.

NA NA

PRUIN-1-2 The system shall have the capability to weigh goods no more than three quarters of a ton.

≤ ¾ ton per load. > 1 pound but ≤ ¾ ton per load.

PRUIN-1-3 The system shall have the capability to lift goods no more than half a ton per load.


PRUIN-1-4 The system shall have the capability to store goods at room temperature.

≤ ½ ton per load. ½ ton per load.

PRUIN-1-5 The system shall have the capability to store goods at refrigerated temperature.

Between 73°F & 75°F ± 2 °F.

74°F.

PRUIN-1-6 The system shall have the capability to store goods at freezer temperature.

Between 37°F & 41°F.

38°F.

PRUIN-1-7 The system shall have the capability to protect supermarket goods.

Between 0°F & 2°F.

0°F.

PRUIN-1-8 The system shall have the capability to secure goods from damage during delivery.

N/A N/A

PRUIN-1-9 The system shall have the 97% of goods 100% of goods

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(T)


(O)

capability to release goods for unloading.

should not be damaged during

delivery.

should not be damaged during

delivery.

PRUIN-1-10 The system shall have the capability to preserve supermarket goods.

100% of goods should be

released during unloading.

(T=O)

100% of goods should be released during unloading.

(T=O)

PRUIN-1-11 The System shall have the capability to control the climate in the cargo area.

N/A. N/A.

PRUIN-1-12 The system shall have the capability to raise temperature at a rate of 5oF per minute to support climate control.

100% of cargo area shall be

climate controlled at all

times.(T=O)

100% of cargo area shall be

climate controlled at all SFIN times.

(T=O)

PRUIN-1-13 The system shall have the capability to add heat to the cargo area.

Between 3°F & 5°F per minute.

5°F per minute.

PRUIN-1-14 The system shall have the capability to maintain temperature in room temperature band with a tolerance of + 1oF to support climate control.

100% of the time heat should be

able to be added to the cargo

area.(T=O)


able to be added to the cargo area.

(T=O)

PRUIN-1-15 The system shall have the capability to maintain temperature in refrigerated temperature band with a tolerance of + 1oF to support climate control.

Between 73°F & 75°F ± 1°F.

74°F.

PRUIN-1-16 The system shall have the Between 37°F & 38°F.

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(T)


(O)

capability to maintain temperature in freezer temperature band with a tolerance of + 1oF to support climate control.

41°F ± 1° F.

PRUIN-1-17 The system shall have the capability to lower temperature at a rate of 5oF per minute to support climate control.

Between 0°F & 2°F ± 1°F.

0°F.

PRUIN-1-18 The system shall have the capability to remove heat from the cargo area.

Between 3°F & 5°F per minute.

5°F per minute.

PRUIN-1-19 The system shall have the capability to deliver supermarket goods.


able to be removed to the

cargo area.(T=O)


able to be removed to the cargo area.

(T=O)

PRUIN-1-20 The system shall have the capability to start for operation.

N/A. N/A.

PRUIN-1-21 The system shall have the capability to be operated manually by personnel.

100% of the time the system shall

be able to be started for operation.

(T=O)

100% of the time the system shall be able to be started

for operation.(T=O)

PRUIN-1-22 The system shall have the capability to increase speed at a rate of 10 MPH per second to support operation.


be able to be manually

100% of the time the system shall be

able to be manually operated

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(T)


(O)

operated by personnel.

(T=O)

by personnel.(T=O)

PRUIN-1-23 The system shall have the capability to maintain speed to support operation.

Between 8 MPH & 10 MPH per

second.

10 MPH per second.

PRUIN-1-24 The system shall have the capability to decrease speed at a rate of 10 MPH per second to support operation.

Maintain current speed ± 1 MPH

Maintain current speed ± 0.5 MPH

PRUIN-1-25 The system shall have the capability to conserve fuel.


second.

10 MPH per second.

PRUIN-1-26 The system shall have the capability to stop from operation.


be able to be stopped from

operation.(T=O)

100% of the time the system shall be able to be stopped

from operation.(T=O)

PRUIN-1-27 The system shall have the capability to unload supermarket goods.



operation.(T=O)



PRUIN-1-28 The system shall have the capability to retrieve goods.

N/A N/A

PRUIN-1-29 The system shall have the capability to lower goods no more than half a ton per load.


be able to retrieve goods.

(T=O)


able to retrieve goods.(T=O)

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(T)


(O)

PRUIN-1-30 The system shall have the capability to track supermarket goods.


PRUIN-1-31 The system shall have the capability to identify any goods.


be able to identify goods.

(T=O)


able to identify goods.(T=O)

PRUIN-1-32 The system shall have the capability to log goods into the tracking system.


be able to log goods into the

tracking system.(T=O)

100% of the time the system shall be able to log goods into the tracking

system.(T=O)

PRUIN-1-33 The system shall have the capability to log the quantity of any goods.

100% of the time the system shall be able to log the quantity of goods into the tracking

system.(T=O)


able to log the quantity of goods into the tracking

system.(T=O)

PRUIN-1-34 The system shall have the capability to log the weight of any goods.

100% of the time the system shall be able to log the weight of goods into the tracking

system.(T=O)


able to log the weight of goods into the tracking

system.(T=O)

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System Design

The design solution for the Functional Architecture in Section 3.2 is shown below.

Diagram 2. LRAE-18 Physical Architecture showing system breakdown structure.

As depicted in Diagram 2, the LRAE-18 wheeler shall have the following systems to provide the capabilities necessary for transporting supermarket goods:

• SDIN 1.0 – Load Management System to satisfy the functional requirements of loading, protecting, and unloading supermarket goods.

• SDIN 2.0 – Climate Control System to satisfy the functional requirements of preserving supermarket goods.

• SDIN 3.0 – Propulsion System to satisfy the functional requirements of delivering supermarket goods.

• SDIN 4.0 – Smart Energy Consumption System to satisfy the functional requirements of conserving fuel and tracking supermarket goods.

These four parent systems beget all the system design requirements in Table 2 of Section 3.3.1.

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LRAE-18

1.4LATCHES

2.0CLIMATECONTROL

3.0PROPULSION

4.0SMART ENERGYCONSUMPTION

1.0LOAD

MANAGEMENT

1.2ELEVATOR

1.3BAYS

1.1SCALE

2.1LIQUID

NITROGEN

3.2.1.1SOLARPANEL

3.2ELECTRO-

MECHANICALENGINE

3.1LIQUID

NITROGENENGINE

3.2.1.1.1SOLAR

ENERGY

3.2.1RECHARGEABLE

BATTERY

4.1.1GPS

4.1.2TRAFFICUPDATE

PHYSICAL ARCHITECTURE OF LRAE-18

4.1.3INVENTORY

MANAGEMENT

2.2ENGINE

HEAT

4.1ENERGY WASTE

REDUCTION

4.2ENERGY

RECLAIM

4.2.1MECH ENERGY

RECLAIM

4.2.2REGEN

BRAKING3.1.1LIQUID

NITROGEN

4.1.4VEHICLE

DISPATCH

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System Design Requirements

Table 2. This table identifies the system design requirements, each of which is annotated with a unique project identifier number for traceability. Their performance has an applicable development threshold and objective. Verification and validation of these requirements are discussed later.



(T)


(O)

PRUIN-1-35 The LRAE-18 shall have a load management system.

N/A N/A

PRUIN-1-36 The load management system shall have a scale to weigh goods no more than three quarter of a ton.


PRUIN-1-37 The load management system shall have an elevator to lift goods no more than half a ton per load.


PRUIN-1-38 The load management system shall have an elevator to lower goods no more than half a ton per load.


PRUIN-1-39 The load management system shall have a total of 9 bays, with 3 bays at the top level, 3 bays at the bottom level, and 3 bays between the top and bottom level.

N/A N/A

PRUIN-1-40 The load management system shall have latches for securing goods.

97% of goods should not be

damaged during delivery.

100% of goods should not be

damaged during delivery.

PRUIN-1-41 The load management system shall have latches for releasing goods.

100% of goods should be

released during unloading.

(T=O)

100% of goods should be released during unloading.

(T=O)

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(T)


(O)

PRUIN-1-42 The LRAE-18 shall have a climate control system.

N/A N/A

PRUIN-1-43 The climate control system shall use liquid nitrogen to remove heat for lowering the temperature in each bay at a rate of 5oF per minute.


able to be removed from the cargo area.

(T=O)


able to be removed from the cargo

area.(T=O)

PRUIN-1-44 The climate control system shall use heat from the electro-mechanical engine to add heat for raising the temperature in each bay at a rate of 5oF per minute.


able to be added to the cargo

area.(T=O)


able to be added to the cargo area.

(T=O)

PRUIN-1-45 The climate control system shall have a temperature regulating module for maintaining temperature in room temperature band with a tolerance of + 1oF in each of the 3 bays at the top level.

Between 73°F & 75°F ± 1°F.

74°F.

PRUIN-1-46 The climate control system shall have a temperature regulating module for maintaining temperature in refrigerated temperature band with a tolerance of + 1oF in each of the 3 bays at the middle level.

Between 37°F & 41°F ± 1° F.

38°F.

PRUIN-1-47 The climate control system shall have a temperature regulating module for maintaining temperature in freezer temperature band with a tolerance of + 1oF in each of the 3 bays at the bottom level.

Between 0°F & 2°F ± 1°F.

0°F.

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(T)


(O)

PRUIN-1-48 The LRAE-18 shall have a propulsion system.

N/A N/A

PRUIN-1-49 The propulsion system shall have a keying module for interfacing with the operator to start the vehicle.


be able to be started for operation.

(T=O)

100% of the time the system shall be able to be started

for operation.(T=O)

PRUIN-1-50 The propulsion system shall have a keying module for interfacing with the operator to stop the vehicle.



operation.(T=O)



PRUIN-1-51 The propulsion system shall have a speed-regulating module for interfacing with the operator to increase vehicle speed.


second.

10 MPH per second.

PRUIN-1-52 The propulsion system shall have a speed regulating module for interfacing with the operator to maintain vehicle speed.

Maintain current speed ± 1 MPH

Maintain current speed ± 0.5 MPH

PRUIN-1-53 The propulsion system shall have a speed regulating module for interfacing with the operator to decrease vehicle speed.


second.

10 MPH per second.

PRUIN-1-54 The propulsion system shall have a backup liquid nitrogen engine.

N/A N/A

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(T)


(O)

PRUIN-1-55 The liquid nitrogen engine shall run off of liquid nitrogen.

N/A N/A

PRUIN-1-56 The propulsion system shall have a primary electro-mechanical engine.

N/A N/A

PRUIN-1-57 The electro-mechanical engine shall have a rechargeable battery.

N/A N/A

PRUIN-1-58 The rechargeable battery shall store energy input from solar panels.

N/A N/A

PRUIN-1-59 The solar panels shall absorb solar energy from the sun.

N/A N/A

PRUIN-1-60 The LRAE-18 shall have a smart energy consumption system.

N/A N/A

PRUIN-1-61 The smart energy consumption system shall have an energy waste reduction system.

N/A N/A

PRUIN-1-62 The energy waste reduction system shall have a GPS module for interfacing with a global positioning system satellite.

100 % of the time the system

shall comply.(T=O)

100 % of the time the system shall

comply.(T=O)

PRUIN-1-63 The energy waste reduction system shall have a traffic updating module for interfacing with the regional traffic reporting system.


shall comply.(T=O)


comply.(T=O)

PRUIN-1-64 The energy waste reduction system shall have an inventory managing system.

N/A N/A

PRUIN-1-65 The inventory managing 100% of the time 100% of the time

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(T)


(O)

system shall a UPC recognition module to identify goods.

the system shall be able to

identify goods.(T=O)

the system shall be able to identify

goods.(T=O)

PRUIN-1-66 The inventory managing system shall log the quantity of identified goods.


be able to log quantity of goods into the tracking

system.(T=O)

100% of the time the system shall be able to log quantity of goods into the tracking system.

(T=O)

PRUIN-1-67 The inventory managing system shall log the weight of identified goods.


be able to log weight of goods into the tracking

system.(T=O)

100% of the time the system shall be able to log weight of goods into the tracking system.

(T=O)

PRUIN-1-68 The smart energy consumption system shall have an energy reclaiming system.

N/A N/A

PRUIN-1-69 The energy reclaiming system shall have a mechanical energy reclaiming system that reclaims kinetic energy lost when traveling.


be able to reclaim kinetic

energy lost when traveling.

(T=O)


able to reclaim kinetic energy lost

when traveling.(T=O)

PRUIN-1-70 The energy reclaiming system shall have a regenerative braking system that reclaims kinetic energy lost when stopping.


be able to reclaim kinetic

energy lost when stopping.

(T=O)


able to reclaim kinetic energy lost

when stopping.(T=O)

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System External Interface Requirements



(T)


(O)

PRUIN-1-125 Workers shall weigh goods using a scale.


shall comply.(T=O)


comply.(T=O)

PRUIN-1-126 The UPC recognition module shall obtain bar coded information from the bill of goods.


shall comply.(T=O)


comply.(T=O)

PRUIN-1-127 The bill of goods shall contain the identity and quantity of goods.


shall comply.(T=O)


comply.(T=O)

PRUIN-1-128 The crate shall be used for packaging of goods for delivery.


shall comply.(T=O)


comply.(T=O)

PRUIN-1-129 The vehicle inventory management module shall compute the identity and quantity of goods being transferred.


shall comply.(T=O)


comply.(T=O)

PRUIN-1-130 Workers to life or lower goods shall operate the vehicle elevator.


shall comply.(T=O)


comply.(T=O)

PRUIN-1-131 Worker shall move crated goods.


shall comply.(T=O)


comply.(T=O)

PRUIN-1-132 Workers shall secure or lease the latches used for protecting goods during transfer.


shall comply.(T=O)


comply.(T=O)

PRUIN-1-133 The corporate inventory management system shall regulate the database.


shall comply.(T=O)


comply.(T=O)

PRUIN-1-134 Corporate inventory management shall regulate the goods database.


shall comply.(T=O)


comply.(T=O)

PRUIN-1-135 Vehicle operators shall use the 100 % of the 100 % of the time

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friendly interface to inventory goods, GPS, and climate controls.

time the system shall comply.

(T=O)

the system shall comply.(T=O)

PRUIN-1-136 Corporate inventory management shall regulate the goods database.


shall comply.(T=O)


comply.(T=O)

PRUIN-1-137 The regional traffic reporting system shall send traffic data to the world GPS satellite system.


shall comply.(T=O)


comply.(T=O)

PRUIN-1-138 The world GPS satellite system shall send traffic data to the vehicle GPS module.


shall comply.(T=O)


comply.(T=O)

PRUIN-1-139 The vehicle GPS module shall send traffic information to the energy waste reduction system, vehicle inventory management module, and vehicle dispatching module.


shall comply.(T=O)


comply.(T=O)

PRUIN-1-140 The energy waster reduction system shall compute the optimal delivery designation.


shall comply.(T=O)


comply.(T=O)

PRUIN-1-141 The vehicle dispatch module shall interface with the corporate dispatch system.


shall comply.(T=O)


comply.(T=O)

PRUIN-1-142 The inventory-managing module shall interface with the corporate inventory management system to account for goods.


shall comply.(T=O)


comply.(T=O)

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System Internal Interface Requirements



(T)


(O)

PRUIN-1-107 The temperature sensors shall send signals to the temperature-regulating module.


send signals(T=O)


send signals(T=O)

PRUIN-1-108 The temperature-regulating module shall send signals to the valve actuator when an undesirable temperature is present.


send signals(T=O)


send signals(T=O)

PRUIN-1-109 The valve actuator shall be able to use liquid nitrogen for cooling the cargo bay.

100% of the time the system shall be able to use liquid nitrogen

for cooling,(T=O)

100% of the time the system shall be able to use

liquid nitrogen for cooling,(T=O)

PRUIN-1-110 The valve actuator shall be able to use heat from the electro-mechanical engine for heating the cargo bay.

100% of the time the system shall be able to use heat from the

electro-mechanical engine for heating.(T=O)

100% of the time the system shall be able to use heat from the

electro-mechanical engine for heating.

(T=O)

PRUIN-1-111 The heat exchanger shall allow the movement of undesirable air to leave the cargo bay.

100% of the time the system shall allow movement

of air.(T=O)


allow movement of air.

(T=O)PRUIN-1-112 The keying module shall be

used to start or stop the LRAE-18 system.

100 % of the time the key

should start or stop the system.

(T=O)

100 % of the time the key should start or stop the

system.(T=O)

PRUIN-1-113 The bank of batteries shall output direct current to the power inverter.


shall comply.(T=O)


comply.(T=O)

PRUIN-1-114 The power inverter shall convert the direct current into alternating current.


shall comply.(T=O)


comply.(T=O)

PRUIN-1-115 The rotating magnets on the drive shaft shall repel the



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motor-generator winding coils during.

shall comply.(T=O)

comply.(T=O)

PRUIN-1-116 The repelling forces shall create energy and rotate the drive shaft.


shall comply.(T=O)


comply.(T=O)

PRUIN-1-117 The drive shaft shall rotate the wheels.

100 % of the time.(T=O)


comply.(T=O)

PRUIN-1-118 The wheels shall rotate the drive shaft.


shall comply.(T=O)


comply.(T=O)

PRUIN-1-119 The heating element shall heat the liquid nitrogen to its boiling point.


shall comply.(T=O)


comply.(T=O)

PRUIN-1-120 The nitrogen vapor pressure shall energize the liquid nitrogen engine.


shall comply.(T=O)


comply.(T=O)

PRUIN-1-121 The liquid nitrogen engine shall rotate the drive shaft and wheels.


shall comply.(T=O)


comply.(T=O)

PRUIN-1-122 Solar panels shall capture solar energy and transfer to bank of batteries for storage.


shall comply.(T=O)


comply.(T=O)

PRUIN-1-123 Power grids shall send electrical energy to support facilities that can recharge the vehicles bank of batteries.


shall comply.(T=O)


comply.(T=O)

PRUIN-1-124 The regenerative braking system shall convert kinetic energy into usable energy by using the electro-mechanical motor-generator, which outputs alternating current.


shall comply.(T=O)


comply.(T=O)

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Safety Requirements



(T)


(O)

PRUIN-1-71 When workers are lifting heavy items, steel-toed shoes shall be worn.

N/A N/A

PRUIN-1-72 When workers are lifting heavy items, pinch free gloves shall be worn.

N/A N/A

PRUIN-1-73 Workers when lifting heavy items shall use proper lifting

techniques.

N/A N/A

PRUIN-1-74 Workers operating the vehicle elevator shall stand clear of the load.

N/A N/A

PRUIN-1-75 When workers are securing latches, pinch free gloves shall be worn.

N/A N/A

PRUIN-1-76 When workers are releasing latches, pinch free gloves shall be worn.

N/A N/A

PRUIN-1-77 The vehicle operator shall wear a seat belt when the keying module is engaged.

N/A N/A

PRUIN-1-78 The vehicle operator shall obey all vehicle operation policies.

N/A N/A

PRUIN-1-79 The LRAE-18 shall meet the standards of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration.

100 % of the standards are

meet.T=O


meet.T=O

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Security and Privacy Requirements



(T)


(O)

PRUIN-1-85 The corporate inventory management system shall have all central information protected.

100% of the time the system shall be able provided security against

theft(T=O)


theft(T=O)

PRUIN-1-86 The load management system shall have a locking mechanism to secure all goods held within the cargo area.


theft(T=O)


theft(T=O)

PRUIN-1-87 The LRAE-18 system shall have a security alarm installed on the vehicle that becomes engaged when the vehicle is locked.


theft(T=O)


theft(T=O)

PRUIN-1-88 The corporate dispatching system shall have all have all central information protected.


theft(T=O)


theft(T=O)

PRUIN-1-89 Support facilities shall have locking mechanism to secure all doors of the facility.


theft(T=O)


theft(T=O)

PRUIN-1-90 Support facilities shall have locking mechanism to secure all associated equipment located at the facility.


theft(T=O)


theft(T=O)

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System Environment Requirements



(T)


(O)

PRUIN-1-96 The LRAE-18 system shall utilize safe energy with non-negative environmental or health implications.

100 % utilization of safe energy.

T=O

100 % utilization of safe energy.

T=O

PRUIN-1-97 The LRAE-18 system shall not contribute to the proliferation of carbon dioxide release.

0 % carbon dioxide release.

T=O

0 % carbon dioxide release.

T=O

PRUIN-1-98 The LRAE-18 system shall not contribute to the proliferation of air polluting fume.

0 % of air polluting fumes.

T=O

0 % of air polluting fumes.T=O

PRUIN-1-99 The LRAE-18 system shall not contribute to noise generated from movement process.

>50 % reduction in noise.

90% reduction in noise.

PRUIN-1-100 The LRAE-18 system shall utilize renewable sources of energy that increase value and reduce or eliminate waste generation.

100 % utilization of renewable

sources of energy that

increase value and reduce or

eliminate waste generation.

T=O

100 % utilization of renewable sources

of energy that increase value and

reduce or eliminate waste

generation.T=O

PRUIN-1-101 The LRAE-18 system shall utilize free or cheap renewable energy sources.

90 % utilization of free or cheap

renewable energy sources.

100 % utilization of free or cheap

renewable energy sources.

PRUIN-1-102 The LRAE-18 system shall meet standards of the Environmental Protection Agency to eliminate associated air pollution fines and penalties.


meet.T=O


meet.T=O

PRUIN-1-103 The LRAE-18 system shall meet standards of the Department of Transportation.


meet.T=O


meet.T=O

PRUIN-1-104 The LRAE-18 system shall meet the standards of the Food and Drug Administration.


meet.T=O


meet.T=O

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PRUIN-1-105 The LRAE-18 system shall meet the incentives from pollution prevention programs.

90 % of all incentives from

pollution prevention

programs are met.

100 % of all incentives from

pollution prevention

programs are met.

PRUIN-1-106 The LRAE-18 system shall have the ability to utilize renewable sources of energy for major energy consumption components such as mobility and air conditioning.

>99.9 % renewable sources of

energy utilization.

100 % renewable sources of energy

utilization.

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Personnel-Related Requirements



(T)


(O)

Click here to enter text.

Training-Related Requirements



(T)


(O)

PRUIN-1-91 Workers shall be trained on the proper techniques to lift heavy goods.

N/A N/A

PRUIN-1-92 Vehicle operators shall be trained on the proper regulations associated operating the LRAE-18.

N/A N/A

PRUIN-1-93 In-house management shall be trained on the protocols and regulations associated with the managing of the LRAE-18.

N/A N/A

PRUIN-1-94 In-house workers shall be trained on the protocols and regulations associated with oversight of LRAE-18 operation.

N/A N/A

PRUIN-1-95 Support facility mechanics shall be trained on the maintenance associated with the LRAE-18.

N/A N/A

.

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Packaging Requirements



(T)


(O)

PRUIN-1-80 Workers packing the crate with goods shall place heavy goods in separate crates from light or fragile goods.

N/A N/A

PRUIN-1-81 The packed crate containing room temperature goods shall be stored in the room temperature bay.

N/A N/A

PRUIN-1-82 The packed crate containing frozen goods shall be stored in the freezer bay.

N/A N/A

PRUIN-1-83 The packed crate containing refrigerated goods shall be stored in the refrigerated bay.

N/A N/A

PRUIN-1-84 When loading crate containing goods into respective bay the crate shall be secured with latches to prevent damage of goods.

N/A N/A

Disposal



(T)


(O)

PRUIN-1-143 The battery shall be safely disposed of in a battery-recycling center.


comply.(T=O)


comply.(T=O)

PRUIN-1-144 Tires shall be safely disposed of in a tire recycling facility.


comply.(T=O)


comply.(T=O)

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PRUIN-1-145 Metal used for structure shall be safely disposed of or sold for scrap


comply.(T=O)


comply.(T=O)

PRUIN-1-146 Nitrogen used to power the cooling system shall be properly disposed of


comply.(T=O)


comply.(T=O)

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4. Verification Provisions

Verification Methods

Demonstration

The verification process of demonstration is used for a qualitative exhibition of a system or subsystem’s functional performance and surveillance of operation. This method can be used with or without special test equipment to verify compliance with the system or subsystem’s requirement.

Refer to the Verification column in the Requirements Management Matrix in the Appendix to identify which requirement can be verified via demonstration.

Test

The verification process of test is used under control conditions that are either real or simulated. Special equipment is used for measure mentation and evaluation of specifically define criteria which the system or subsystem shall meet. This method of verification is used on higher risk systems or subsystem to establish confidence of quality.

Refer to the Verification column in the Requirements Management Matrix in the Appendix to identify which requirement can be verified via testing.

.

Analysis

The verification process of analysis is used under define conditions where analytical data shows theoretical compliance with the system or subsystem’s requirement. This method is used when testing to realistic conditions cannot be achieved or is not cost-effective.

Refer to the Verification column in the Requirements Management Matrix in the Appendix to identify which requirement can be verified via analysis.

Inspection

The verification process of inspection is used to confirm compliance with the system or subsystem’s requirement by verifying properties established in applicable documentation. This is usually done by visually examination of the physical condition of the requirement.

Refer to the Verification column in the Requirements Management Matrix in the Appendix to identify which requirement can be verified via inspection.

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Special Verification Methods

None.

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5. Requirements Traceability

Traceability to Capability Document or System Specification

For our system level requirements, traceability will be achieved by assigning a system identification number to each functional and physical system requirements. The system requirements are then validated using the LRAE-18 CDD (FCD, 2014). Satisfaction of the CDD main requirements can be seen in the Requirements Management Matrix in the Appendix.

Refer to the Requirements Traceability column in the Appendix.

Traceability to Subsystems Requirements

For our subsystem level requirements, traceability will be achieved by assigning a system identification number to each functional and physical subsystem requirements. The system requirements are then validated using the LRAE-18 CDD (FCD, 2014). Satisfaction of the CDD main requirements can be seen in the Requirements Management Matrix in the Appendix.

Refer to the Requirements Traceability column in the Appendix.

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6. Appendix

Appendix A: Acronyms and Definitions

EPA- Environmental Protection AgencyFDA- Food and Drug AdministrationOSHA- Occupational Safety and Health AdministrationCDD- Capability Development DocumentGPS- Global Positioning SystemSRD- System Requirements DocumentT- ThresholdO- ObjectiveT=O- Threshold and Objective are the same requirement level. No effort will be expended to exceed the Threshold requirement.SIN- System Identification Number

PRUIN-Project Unique Identifier Number

SDIN-System Design Identification Number

SFIN-System Function Identification Number

CDD-Capabilities Development Document

FRIN-Functional Requirements Identification Number

DRIN-Design Requirements Identification Number

SRIN-Safety Requirements Identification Number

PRIN-Packaging Requirements Identification Number

TRIN-Training Requirements Identification Number

ERIN-Environmental Requirements Identification Number

IIRIN-Internal Interface Requirements Identification Number

EIRIN-External Interface Requirements Identification Number

DIRIN-Disposal Requirements Identification Number

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Appendix B: Key Performance Parameters/Key System Attributes

Appendix B

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TRANSPORT SUPERMARKET

GOODS

2.0 PROTECT

GOODS

3.0 PRESERVE

GOODS

4.0 DELIVER GOODS

5.0 UNLOAD GOODS

6.0 TRACK GOODS

1.0 LOAD

GOODS

1.2 LIFT

GOODS

1.3 – 1.5 STORE GOODS

1.1 WEIGH GOODS

2.1 SECURE GOODS

2.2 RELEASE

GOODS

3.1 CONTROL CLIMATE

4.2 OPERATE VEHICLE

4.3 STOP

VEHICLE

4.1 START

VEHICLE

5.1 RETRIEVE

GOODS

5.2 LOWER GOODS

4.2.2 MAINTAIN

SPEED

4.2.1 INCREASE

SPEED

4.2.3 DECREASE

SPEED

3.1.2 – 3.1.4 MAINTAIN

TEMP

3.1.1 RAISE TEMP

3.1.5 LOWER TEMP

6.1 IDENTIFY

GOODS

6.2 LOG

GOODS

FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE OF LRAE-18

3.1.1.1 ADD

HEAT

3.1.5.1 REMOVE

HEAT

6.2.1 LOG QUANTITY

OF GOODS

6.2.2 LOG WIEGHT OF

GOODS

Diagram 1. LRAE-18 Functional Architecture showing parent to child functional relationships.

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Diagram 2. LRAE-18 Physical Architecture showing system breakdown structure.

Diagram 1. A visual matrix of the LRAE-18 system’s functions for packing crated goods for warehouse worker, demonstrating a systematic approach that, defines/refines functional interfaces (internal and external). The system functions are positioned on the chart diagonal. The rest of the squares in the N2 visual matrix represents, the interface inputs and outputs. Interfaces between functions flow in a clockwise directions. A blank square signifies that there is no interface between the respective functions.

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N2 Diagram-For Packing Crated Goods for Warehouse Worker

Warehouse scale -Weight of goods -Weight of goods -Weight of goods -Weight of goods

UPC recognition module

-Data from UPC recognition module

-Data from UPC recognition module

- Data from UPC recognition module

-Policy Standards-Concerns/Issues

-Policy StandardsCorporate Inventory Management System

-Constraints on packaging

requirements-Policy Standards-Concerns/Issues

-Physical Architecture

-Policy Standards

-Communicates that goods are secured for

transferCrate

-Data from Bill of Goods



Bill of Goods

LRAE-18

1.4LATCHES

2.0CLIMATECONTROL

3.0PROPULSION

4.0SMART ENERGYCONSUMPTION

1.0LOAD

MANAGEMENT

1.2ELEVATOR

1.3BAYS

1.1SCALE

2.1LIQUID

NITROGEN

3.2.1.1SOLARPANEL

3.2ELECTRO-

MECHANICALENGINE

3.1LIQUID

NITROGENENGINE

3.2.1.1.1SOLAR

ENERGY

3.2.1RECHARGEABLE

BATTERY

4.1.1GPS

4.1.2TRAFFICUPDATE

PHYSICAL ARCHITECTURE OF LRAE-18

4.1.3INVENTORY

MANAGEMENT

2.2ENGINE

HEAT

4.1ENERGY WASTE

REDUCTION

4.2ENERGY

RECLAIM

4.2.1MECH ENERGY

RECLAIM

4.2.2REGEN

BRAKING3.1.1LIQUID

NITROGEN

4.1.4VEHICLE

DISPATCH

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Diagram 2. A visual matrix of the LRAE-18 system’s functions for loading crated goods into cargo bay for vehicle operator, demonstrating a systematic approach that, defines/refines functional interfaces (internal and external). The system functions are positioned on the chart diagonal. The rest of the squares in the N2 visual matrix represents, the interface inputs and outputs. Interfaces between functions flow in a clockwise directions. A blank square signifies that there is no interface between the respective functions.

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N2 Diagram-For Loading Crated Goods into Cargo Bay for Vehicle Operator

Vehicle Scale

-Weight of goods

-Weight of goods

-Weight of goods

-Weight of goods

-Weight of goods

-Weight of goods

Bill of Goods



-Data from UPC

recognition module

UPC Recognition

Module

-Data from UPC recognition

module

-Data from UPC

recognition module


Vehicle Inventory

Management Module

-Communicates database

-Policy Standards-Concerns/

Issues


Issues


Issues


Issues

-Policy Standards

-Policy Standards


Corporate Inventory

Management System


Issues


Issues


Issues

-Bay level -Bay level -Bay level -Bay level Vehicle elevator

-Bay level -Bay level

-Bay level and

location

-Bay level and location



Move Crated Goods


-Communicates goods are secured

-Communicates goods are secured

Latches

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Diagram 3. A visual matrix of the LRAE-18 system’s functions for unloading crated goods for vehicle operator, demonstrating a systematic approach that, defines/refines functional interfaces (internal and external). The system functions are positioned on the chart diagonal. The rest of the squares in the N2 visual matrix represents, the interface inputs and outputs. Interfaces between functions flow in a clockwise directions. A blank square signifies that there is no interface between the respective functions.

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N2 Diagram-For Unloading Crated Goods for Vehicle Operator

Latches -Communicates goods are released

-Communicates goods are released



Vehicle Elevator

-Communicates Elevator status



Bill of Goods -Data from Bill of Goods




UPC Recognition

Module

-Data from UPC

recognition module

--Data from UPC

recognition module

--Data from UPC

recognition module


Issues


Issues

-Policy Standards

-Policy Standards

Vehicle Inventory

Management Module

-Summary Report


-Constraints -Constraints -Communicates database

Friendly Interface



Issues


Issues

-Policy Standards

-Policy Standards


-Concerns/ Issues

-Interface Control

Documents

Corporate Inventory

Management

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Diagram 4. A visual matrix of the LRAE-18 system’s functions for operation of the climate control system when temperature in cargo bay is undesirably higher than set point temperature, demonstrating a systematic approach that, defines/refines functional interfaces (internal and external). The system functions are positioned on the chart diagonal. The rest of the squares in the N2 visual matrix represents, the interface inputs and outputs. Interfaces between functions flow in a clockwise directions. A blank square signifies that there is no interface between the respective functions.

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N2 Diagram- Operation of the Climate Control System when temperature in cargo bay is

undesirably higher than set point temperatureProgram/ Vehicle

Operator-Desired temperature

-Data from temperature sensor

Temperature Sensor -Signals temperature

-Data from temperature

regulating module

Temperature Regulating Module

-Signals to open valve for cooling

Valve Actuator -Liquid nitrogen

-Signals of heat absents

-Signals of heat absents

Heat Exchanger

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Diagram 5. A visual matrix of the LRAE-18 system’s functions for operation of the climate control system when temperature in cargo bay is undesirably lower than set point temperature, demonstrating a systematic approach that, defines/refines functional interfaces (internal and external). The system functions are positioned on the chart diagonal. The rest of the squares in the N2 visual matrix represents, the interface inputs and outputs. Interfaces between functions flow in a clockwise directions. A blank square signifies that there is no interface between the respective functions.

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N2 Diagram- Operation of the Climate Control System when temperature in cargo bay is

undesirably lower than set point temperatureProgram/ Vehicle

Operator-Desired Temperature

-Data from Temperature Sensor

Temperature Sensor -Signals Temperature

-Data From Temperature

Regulating Module

Temperature Regulating Module

-Signals to Open Valve For Heating

Valve Actuator -Hot Air From Electro-Mechanical

Engine

-Signals of Heat Absorbed

-Signals of Heat Absorbed

Heat Exchanger

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Diagram 6. A visual matrix of the LRAE-18 system’s functions for delivering goods for vehicle operator, demonstrating a systematic approach that, defines/refines functional interfaces (internal and external). The system functions are positioned on the chart diagonal. The rest of the squares in the N2 visual matrix represents, the interface inputs and outputs. Interfaces between functions flow in a clockwise directions. A blank square signifies that there is no interface between the respective functions.

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N2 Diagram-For Delivering Goods for Vehicle Operator

Keying Module

-Produces Power

-Produces Power

Regional Traffic

Reporting System

-TransfersTraffic

Location

-Policy Standards-Concerns

/Issues

Corporate Inventory

Management System

-Communicates Database





Corporate Dispatching

System

-Communicates Data

-Communicates Data

Communicates Data

-Location Data -Location Data World GPS

Satellite System

-Location Data

-Location Data -Location Data -Location Data -Location Data

-Vehicle Location

-Location Data -Location Data -Vehicle Location

Vehicle GPS

Module

-Location Data -Location Data -Location Data -Location Data



-OptimalDelivery

Destination

-OptimalDelivery

Destination

Energy Waste Reduction

system

-Communicates Data

-Communicates Data

-OptimalDelivery

Destination


-Communicates Data

Vehicle Inventory

Management module

-Communicates Data

-Communicates Data

-Communicates Data

-Communicates Data

-Communicates Data

Vehicle Dispatching

Module

Communicates Data


/Issues

-Communicates Data

Communicates Data

-Policy Standards

-Concerns

/Issues


/Issues

Communicates Data

Vehicle Support Facilities and Warehouse

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Diagram 7. A visual matrix of the LRAE-18 system’s functions for operation of vehicle propulsion system in normal mode (driving via battery power), demonstrating a

systematic approach that, defines/refines functional interfaces (internal and external). The system functions are positioned on the chart diagonal. The rest of the squares in the N2 visual matrix represents, the interface inputs and outputs. Interfaces between

functions flow in a clockwise directions. A blank square signifies that there is no interface between the respective functions.

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N2 Diagram-Operation of Vehicle Propulsion System in Normal Mode (Driving via Battery

Power)

Bank of Batteries

-Direct Current

Power Inverter -Alternating Current

Motor-Generator

Winding Coils

-Changes in Magnetic Polarity

-

Magnets -Repelling force

-Surplus energy Drive Shaft -Rotating Drive Shaft

-Surplus energy Wheels

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Diagram 8. A visual matrix of the LRAE-18 system’s functions for operation of vehicle propulsion system in reverse mode (driving via vehicle power), demonstrating a

systematic approach that, defines/refines functional interfaces (internal and external). The system functions are positioned on the chart diagonal. The rest of the squares in the N2 visual matrix represents, the interface inputs and outputs. Interfaces between

functions flow in a clockwise directions. A blank square signifies that there is no interface between the respective functions.

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N2 Diagram-Operation of Vehicle Propulsion System in Reverse Mode (Driving via Vehicle Power)

Wheels -Turns Drive Shaft

Drive Shaft -Changes in Magnetic Polarity

Magnets -Moving Magnetic Flux

Motor-Generator

Winding Coils

-Alternating Current

Power Inverter - Direct Current

-Surplus energy -Surplus energy Bank of Batteries

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Diagram 9. A visual matrix of the LRAE-18 system’s functions for operation of vehicle propulsion system in reserve Mode (using liquid nitrogen to drive vehicle and recharge bank of batteries), demonstrating a systematic approach that, defines/refines functional

interfaces (internal and external). The system functions are positioned on the chart diagonal. The rest of the squares in the N2 visual matrix represents, the interface inputs and outputs. Interfaces between functions flow in a clockwise directions. A blank square

signifies that there is no interface between the respective functions.

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N2 Diagram- Operation of Vehicle Propulsion System in Reserve Mode (Using Liquid Nitrogen

to Drive Vehicle and Recharge Bank of Batteries):

Bank of Batteries

-Outputs energy -Outputs energy

Heating Element

-Heat

Liquid Nitrogen

-Boiling of liquid nitrogen


-Outputs energy

Liquid Nitrogen Engine

-Turns drive shaft / rotates

wheels

-Surplus energy Drive Shaft / Wheels

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- N2 Diagram-Recharging Bank of Vehicle Batteries in Normal Mode

Solar Panels -Solar electric energy

Bank of Batteries

Diagram 10. A visual matrix of the LRAE-18 system’s functions for recharging bank of vehicle batteries in normal mode, demonstrating a systematic approach that,

defines/refines functional interfaces (internal and external). The system functions are positioned on the chart diagonal. The rest of the squares in the N2 visual matrix

represents, the interface inputs and outputs. Interfaces between functions flow in a clockwise directions. A blank square signifies that there is no interface between the

respective functions.

N2 Diagram-Recharging Bank of Vehicle Batteries in Backup Mode

Power Grid -Electrical energy

Support Facility -Electrical energy

Bank of Batteries

Diagram 11. A visual matrix of the LRAE-18 system’s functions for recharging bank of vehicle batteries in backup mode, demonstrating a systematic approach that,

defines/refines functional interfaces (internal and external). The system functions are positioned on the chart diagonal. The rest of the squares in the N2 visual matrix

represents, the interface inputs and outputs. Interfaces between functions flow in a clockwise directions. A blank square signifies that there is no interface between the


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Diagram 12. A visual matrix of the LRAE-18 system’s functions for recharging bank of vehicle batteries in alternative mode with method A, demonstrating a systematic

approach that, defines/refines functional interfaces (internal and external). The system functions are positioned on the chart diagonal. The rest of the squares in the N2 visual

matrix represents, the interface inputs and outputs. Interfaces between functions flow in a clockwise directions. A blank square signifies that there is no interface between the


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N2 Diagram-Recharging Bank of Vehicle Batteries in Alternate Mode with Method A


Drive Shaft -Kinetic Energy

Regenerative Braking System

-Kinetic Energy Captured

Electro-Mechanical

Motor-Generator



Bank of Batteries

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Diagram 13. A visual matrix of the LRAE-18 system’s functions for recharging bank of vehicle batteries in alternative mode with method B, demonstrating a systematic




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N2 Diagram-Recharging Bank of Vehicle Batteries in Alternate Mode with Method B


Drive Shaft -Gravitational Energy

Electro-Mechanical Motor-Generator



Bank of Batteries

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Diagram 14. A visual matrix of the LRAE-18 system’s functions for recharging bank of vehicle batteries in alternative mode with method C, demonstrating a systematic




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N2 Diagram- Recharging Bank of Vehicle Batteries in Alternate Mode with Method C

Bank of Batteries

-Outputs energy -Outputs energy

Heating Element

-Heat

Liquid Nitrogen

-Boiling of liquid nitrogen


-Outputs energy

Liquid Nitrogen Engine

-Turns drive shaft / rotates

wheels

-Surplus energy Drive Shaft / Wheels

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Figure 1. Operational View (OV-1) showing interfaces associated with the LRAE 18-wheeler.

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LRAE 18-Wheeler

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Table 6. Stakeholder Analysis

Stakeholder Interest/ requirement from the project

What does the project need from

them?

Notes

Vehicle Operator

Responsible for operating of the LREA-18.

Awareness of existing method, views and opinions, enhancement options, practicality opinions.

Keep operator in the loop as the product is developed on issues and risks as they arise.

Mechanics Responsible for maintenance of the LREA-18.

Knowledge of existing methods of maintenance and options for ease of knowledge curve for training mechanics for maintenance.

Keep maintenance requirements of the LREA-18 similar to current semi trucks to mitigate training requirements for mechanics. Keep mechanics in the loop as issues and risks arise.

Community Interest in pollution reduction methods and effects on the community/ environment.

Supporting the LRAE-18’s goal to reduce pollution.

Keep community opinions on methods to reduce pollution in mind during development.

Retail Stores Use of the LRAE-18. Knowledge of existing methods

Keep customer in the loop as the product is

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and practicality opinions.

developed on issues and risks as they arise and invite to meetings.

Department of Transportation (DOT)

Interest in design requirements and vehicle operation for road transportation.

Knowledge constraints that may affect operation and development of the LREA-18.

Keep the DOT in the loop as the product is developed on issues or risks involved.



them?

Notes

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

Pollution reduction requirements for the economically friendly LRAE-18

Knowledge of requirements for reducing pollution to the environment.

EPA requirements govern the LREA-18 development and are essential factor in scope of the project.

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Transportation of grocery products by the LRAE-18

Food safety transportation regulations.

FDA requirements govern the LREA-18 development and are essential factor in scope of the project.

Suppliers/Vendors

Delivery/schedule requirements.

Schedule process, identification of risks, and requirements.

Identify technical constraints, invite to meetings.

Product Warehouses

Delivery/schedule requirements, cargo area operation, technical advancements of designed for the LREA-18

Grocery product environment (temperature) constraints in cargo area during transportation, risks and opinions for operation.

Invite to meetings and identify technical constraints.

Support Responsible for To provide Invite to meetings. Keep

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Facilities maintenance of the LRAE-18

feedback and opinions on maintaining the longevity of the LREA-18.

maintenance requirements of the LREA-18 similar to current semi trucks to mitigate training requirements for mechanics. Keep mechanics in the loop as issues and risks arise.



them?

Notes

Management Knowledge of risk and issues involved with the project development. Monthly Project Management Reviews (PMR’s).

Commitment to the project, staffing support, and help resolving issues and risks

Identifies risks/impacts involved during project development.

Project Team Responsible for delivering current and redesigned processes.

Identification of risks, issues, and lessons learned.


Project Management Office

Managing staffing and project planning during system development for the LRAE-18

Assignment of project management, provide guidance and direction of the project, monitor projects progress, and to provide support on project constraints or risks.


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Risk Statements

Approach to Dealing

with Risk

Actions Taken

Risk Assessment

R1. If the climate control system fails, then perishable goods in the cargo space will be deemed spoiled in accordance with FDA regulations.

Avoid

Transfer

Perform routine maintenances and operational checks prior to making delivery.

Insure goods to transfer risk to another entity.

Likelihood of 2 because more than one components can fail.

Consequence of 4 because cost to replace/redeliver spoiled goods more than doubles.

R2. If the latch system fails to secure goods, then goods will move out of place inside the trailer and result in damage.

Transfer

Mitigate

Insure goods to transfer risk to another entity.

Inspect all latches and make sure all

Likelihood of 1 because mechanical latches rarely fail.

Consequence of 4 because cost to replace/redeliver damaged goods

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R1R2 R3

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goods are properly secured prior to making delivery.

more than doubles.

R3. If the truck weighs more than 80 tons, then it will not be permitted to operate on US roads and highways in accordance with DOT regulations.

Mitigate Weigh goods and verify total weight via Inventory Management System prior to making delivery. Unload some of the goods to remove excess weight.

Likelihood of 1 because weights are tracked and driver will be warned by user interface.

Consequence of 5 because all goods in trailer cannot be delivered until weight requirements are met.

Procedures: Use-Case

Procedure/Use Case for Packing Crated Goods for Warehouse Worker - Load and weigh good with warehouse scale

- Identify good with warehouse UPC recognition module

- Update and log good into Corporate Inventory Management System

- Place good into crate

- Generate and affix Bill of Goods onto crate

Procedure/Use Case for Loading Crated Goods into Cargo Bay for Vehicle Operator - Load and weigh crated goods with vehicle scale

- Identify goods inside crate with vehicle UPC recognition module and crate’s Bill of Goods

- Update and log quantity of goods with vehicle Inventory Management module

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- Update and log weight of goods with vehicle Inventory Management module

- Inventory Management module communicates with Corporate Inventory Management System to update database

- Raise crated goods to desired bay level with vehicle elevator

- Move crated goods to docking location inside bay

- Secure crated goods with latches

Procedure/Use Case for Unloading Crated Goods for Vehicle Operator - Release crated goods with latches

- Move crated goods to vehicle elevator

- Lower crated goods to ground level

- Identify unloading crated goods with UPC recognition module and crate’s Bill of Goods

- Update and log quantity of goods with vehicle inventory management module

- Update and log weight of goods with vehicle inventory management module

- Inventory Management module generate summary report for vehicle operator via user friendly interface screen and read-aloud

- Inventory Management module communicates with Corporate Inventory Management System to update database

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Procedure/Use Case for Preserving Goods during Delivery for Vehicle Operator - Use Procedure/Use Case for Loading Goods into Cargo Bay to store room temperature

goods in top level bay

- Use Procedure/Use Case for Loading Goods into Cargo Bay to store refrigerated goods in middle level bay

- Use Procedure/Use Case for Loading Goods into Cargo Bay to store freezer temperature goods in bottom level bay

Operation of the Climate Control System when temperature in cargo bay is undesirably higher than set point temperature:

- Temperature sensor reads temperature in cargo bay

- Temperature sensor transmit signal to Temperature Regulating module

- Temperature Regulating module compares cargo bay temperature against set point temperature established by program/vehicle operator

- Temperature Regulating module registers temperature in cargo bay is undesirably higher than set point temperature

- Temperature Regulating module transmit signal to valve actuator to open valve

- Valve actuator opens valve

- Open valve allows cooling liquid nitrogen from liquid nitrogen bottle or liquid nitrogen engine exhaust to flow through heat exchanger to absorb and carry away heat from the cargo bay

- Temperature in cargo bay lowers to set point temperature

- Temperature Regulating module registers temperature in cargo bay is equal to set point temperature

- Temperature Regulating module transmit signal to valve actuator to close valve

- Valve actuator closes valve so liquid nitrogen from liquid nitrogen bottle or exhaust from liquid nitrogen engine cannot flow to heat exchanger to absorb and carry away heat from cargo bay to cause temperature in cargo bay to lower

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Operation of the Climate Control System when temperature in cargo bay is undesirably lower than set point temperature:

- Temperature sensor reads temperature in cargo bay

- Temperature sensor transmit signal to Temperature Regulating module

- Temperature Regulating module compares cargo bay temperature against set point temperature established by program/vehicle operator

- Temperature Regulating module registers temperature in cargo bay is undesirably lower than set point temperature

- Temperature Regulating module transmit signal to valve actuator to open valve

- Valve actuator opens valve

- Open valve allows hot air from electro-mechanical engine cooling exhaust or an electric heating element to flow through heat exchanger to release heat into the cargo bay

- Temperature in cargo bay rises to set point temperature

- Temperature Regulating module registers temperature in cargo bay is equal to set point temperature

- Temperature Regulating module transmit signal to valve actuator to close valve

- Valve actuator closes valve so hot air from electro-mechanical engine cooling exhaust or an electric heating element cannot flow to heat exchanger to release heat into the cargo bay

Procedure/Use Case for Delivering Goods for Vehicle Operator - Start, or turn on, vehicle with Keying module

- Vehicle Traffic Updating module synchronizes/communicates with Regional Traffic Reporting System

- Vehicle Inventory Management module synchronizes/communicates with Corporate Inventory Management System

- Vehicle Dispatching module synchronizes/communicates with Corporate Dispatching System

- Vehicle GPS module synchronizes/communicates with World GPS Satellite System to determine current location

- Confirm current location in response to request from vehicle GPS module

- Vehicle GPS module, vehicle Traffic Updating module, vehicle Inventory Management module, and vehicle Dispatching module send data to Energy Waste Reduction system

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for calculation against current resource status such as fuel level to determine set of optimal delivery destinations.

- Select one of the optimal delivery destination options generated by the Energy Waste Reduction system or enter destination of choice

- Deliver goods to destination

- Use Procedure/Use Case for Unloading Crated Goods for Vehicle Operator to unload goods at destination supermarket

- Vehicle Inventory Management module communicates with Corporate Inventory Management System to update database

- Vehicle Dispatching module synchronizes/communicates with Corporate Dispatching System to update database

- Energy Waste Reduction system recalculates against current resource status such as fuel level to determine next set of optimal delivery destinations.

- Select one of the optimal delivery destination options generated by the Energy Waste Reduction system or enter destination of choice to deliver goods to the next supermarket

- Energy Waste Reduction system recalculates against current resource status such as fuel level to determine set of optimal vehicle support facilities and warehouse for replenishing vehicle resources and delivery goods

- Use vehicle Keying module to stop, or turn off, vehicle for servicing at support facilities and warehouse

Operation of Vehicle Propulsion System in Normal Mode (Driving via Battery Power):- Bank of Batteries on board vehicle provide Direct Current to the Power Inverter.

- Power Inverter converts Direct Current to Alternating Current.

- Alternative Current changes magnetic polarity of Motor-Generator winding coils.

- Like magnetic polarity of Motor-Generator winding coils and magnets on Drive Shaft repel.

- Repelling force turns the Drive Shaft.

- Rotating Drive Shaft turns the wheels of the vehicle.

- Rotating wheels puts the vehicle in motion.

Operation of Vehicle Propulsion System in Reverse Mode (Charging Vehicle Battery):- Vehicle wheels or Liquid Nitrogen Engine turns Drive Shaft with attached magnets.

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- Rotating magnets on Drive Shaft produce moving magnetic flux cutting through Motor-Generator winding coils to induce, or generate, Alternating Current.

- Power Inverter converts Alternative Current to Direct Current.

- Direct Current recharges Bank of Batteries.

Operation of Vehicle Propulsion System in Reserve Mode (Using Liquid Nitrogen to Drive Vehicle and Recharge Bank of Batteries):

- Extremely low boiling point Liquid Nitrogen absorbing Ambient Heat via Heat Exchanger or heat from Heating Element powered by Bank of Batteries turns into Nitrogen Vapor.

- Nitrogen Vapor Pressure drives Liquid Nitrogen Engine.

- Liquid Nitrogen Engine turns Drive Shaft.

- Rotating Drive Shaft turns wheels to put vehicle in motion and attached magnets to recharge Bank of Batteries. Refer to Operation of Vehicle Propulsion System in Reverse Mode (Charging Vehicle Battery).

Recharging Bank of Vehicle Batteries in Normal Mode:- Solar Panels on vehicle converts Solar Energy from sun to Electrical Energy.

- Electrical Energy recharges Bank of Batteries.

Recharging Bank of Vehicle Batteries in Backup Mode:- Electrical Energy at the Support Facilities from Power Grid recharges Bank of Batteries.

Recharging Bank of Vehicle Batteries in Alternate Mode with Method A:

- Vehicle Stopping Energy is work done by the rotating wheels in turning Electro-Mechanical Motor-Generator via Drive Shaft to stop the vehicle with its Propulsion System in Reverse Mode.

- Power Inverter converts Alternating Current from Electro-Mechanical Motor-Generator to Direct Current to recharge Bank of Batteries.

Recharging Bank of Vehicle Batteries in Alternate Mode with Method B:- Vehicle Gravitational Energy is work done by the rotating wheels in turning Electro-

Mechanical Motor-Generator via Drive Shaft as the vehicle, with its Propulsion System in Reverse Mode, is going downhill.

- Power Inverter converts Alternating Current from Electro-Mechanical Motor-Generator to Direct Current to recharge Bank of Batteries.

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Recharging Bank of Vehicle Batteries in Alternate Mode with Method C:- Liquid Nitrogen Engine turns Drive Shaft of vehicle with its Propulsion System in

Reserve Mode.

Rotating Drive Shaft turns attached magnets to recharge Bank of Batteries. Refer to Operation of Vehicle Propulsion System in Reverse Mode (Charging

6.3 Appendix C: Requirements Traceability Matrix

See attached file.

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SRD-2

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