SPVD 87/404/EEC TUKES SAFETY TECHNOLOGY AUTHORITY Market surveillance of simple pressure vessels -...
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Transcript of SPVD 87/404/EEC TUKES SAFETY TECHNOLOGY AUTHORITY Market surveillance of simple pressure vessels -...
SPVD 87/404/EECTUKESSAFETY TECHNOLOGY AUTHORITY
Market surveillance of simple pressure vessels - practical approach
Teuvo Blomberg
Senior Safety Engineer
TUKES
TAIEX Workshop, Cyprus
3 - 5 October 2005
SPVD 87/404/EECTUKESSAFETY TECHNOLOGY AUTHORITY
Contents
1) Introduction, methods of market surveillance
2) Market surveillance procedure; focusing, target selection criteria, tests, assessment of vessels
3) Cases
SPVD 87/404/EECTUKESSAFETY TECHNOLOGY AUTHORITY
The aim of market surveillance is:• To ensure that products are safe; individuals, the
environment, property • To ensure conditions exist for fair competition• To ensure that initial controls have been made • To promote risk management during lifecycle of
products
and to verify that:• Certification procedures have been correctly applied• CE-marking and declaration of conformity are correct• The provision of applicable directives have been
complied with
SPVD 87/404/EECTUKESSAFETY TECHNOLOGY AUTHORITY
Example: a pressure vessel accident
PS 11 bar
V 150 L
Manufactured 1994
Reason:
Neglected maintenance Corrosion
At the moment of
explosion:
Speed of loosening
components ~ 200 km/h
SPVD 87/404/EECTUKESSAFETY TECHNOLOGY AUTHORITY
Methods of Market Surveillance for pressure equipment and SPVs
Field surveillance• proactive• reactive
Documentationsurveillance
• proactive• reactive
Surveillance projects• products/ assemblies• enterprises
Reaction methods Development activities Information
Co-operation between national and international enforcement authorities
SPVD 87/404/EECTUKESSAFETY TECHNOLOGY AUTHORITY
Flowchart procedure of MS
PURCHASE EQUIPMENT
TESTSRESULTS
ASSESSMENT
DECISIONS ACTIONS
SALES BAN
DELIVERY BAN
RECALL
CAUTION
THE HEARING
NOTIFICATION
SELECTION CRITERIA
FOCUSING MS
PROACTIVEMS
REACTIVEMS
SPVD 87/404/EECTUKESSAFETY TECHNOLOGY AUTHORITY
How to focus market surveillance?
Surveillance is focused according to the following
sources of information:
• Information from the market (complaint, competitors,
inspection bodies, users, consumers…)
• Information from other national authorities
• Accident registers
• Research reports
• Market surveillance database
• Notifications from other countries
SPVD 87/404/EECTUKESSAFETY TECHNOLOGY AUTHORITY
Selection criteria of product
• Visual inspection – external inspection; markings
and labelling, fittings, safety accessories, connections, welds
– Internal inspection: welds• Documentation
– instructions for use– declaration of conformity
• Further information– technical documentation– tests– inspections
Non-conformities:• No manufacturer or importer
information• No instructions for use• No CE-marking• Lack of technical information• Poor workmanship (welds, shape
etc.)----------------
• Product cheapness!• New manufacturer?
SPVD 87/404/EECTUKESSAFETY TECHNOLOGY AUTHORITY
Inscriptions on the vessel or data plate
• CE + NB + year• Max PS (bar)• Max Tmax (°C)• Min Tmin (°C)• Volume (L)• The name or mark of
the manufacturer• The type and serial or
batch identification of the vessel.
SPVD 87/404/EECTUKESSAFETY TECHNOLOGY AUTHORITY
Tests that can be carried out on the vessel
• The visual examination• The radiographic examination
– longitudinal weld (100 %)– circumferential weld (cross welds)
• Tensile test– The basic material of the shell– The basic material head– over the longitudinal weld
• The chemical analysis– The basic material of the shell– The basic material of the head
• Macroscopic examination– longitudinal weld– circumferential weld
• Opening pressure of safety valve
Tests and inspections
• Usually done by a testing laboratory (accredited)
• Not usually the whole test program
• Only necessary tests and inspections are carried out
Other directives used and possible tests
• LVD
• EMC
• Machinery
SPVD 87/404/EECTUKESSAFETY TECHNOLOGY AUTHORITY
Assessment of vessels (TUKES)
Based on technical documentation + test results + inspection
reports
classification of deficiencies (developed in TUKES)
• Class 1: Very serious, the vessel can be dangerous
• Class 2: Serious non-compliance with the directive
• Class 3: Minor non-compliance with the directive
• Class 4: Vessel is in accordance with the directive
SPVD 87/404/EECTUKESSAFETY TECHNOLOGY AUTHORITY
• P*V > 50 bar*L
• No labelling or markings according to the SPVD
• p*V = 192 bar*L
sales ban
• p*V = 56 bar*L
delivery ban
Case 1: SPVs, volume 7 L and 24 L; 8 barCase 1: SPVs, volume 7 L and 24 L; 8 bar
SPVD 87/404/EECTUKESSAFETY TECHNOLOGY AUTHORITY
Case 2: SPV, volume 150 L, 11 bar
SPVD 87/404/EECTUKESSAFETY TECHNOLOGY AUTHORITY
Tests
The following tests were ordered:• The visual examination (SFS-EN 288-3)
• The radiographic examination (SFS-EN 288-3)
- location was based on visual examination
• Tensile test (SFS-EN 10002-1 and SFS-EN 895)
• The chemical analysis (optical emission spectrum)
• Macroscopic examination (transparent cut)
- location was based on radiographic examination
• Opening pressure of safety valve
SPVD 87/404/EECTUKESSAFETY TECHNOLOGY AUTHORITY
Macrograph: longitudinal weld
SPVD 87/404/EECTUKESSAFETY TECHNOLOGY AUTHORITY
Macrograph: circumferential weld
SPVD 87/404/EECTUKESSAFETY TECHNOLOGY AUTHORITY
Case 3. Typical weld defect in SPV
• Stress level in circumferential weld is one half compared to longitudinal weld
• The defect is difficult to see by visual inspection• Macrograph: circumferential weld
Dished end Shell
SPVD 87/404/EECTUKESSAFETY TECHNOLOGY AUTHORITY
Further information, please contact:
Teuvo BlombergE-mail: [email protected]
Pertti HaakanaE-mail: [email protected]
TUKES (Safety Technology Authority)Tel: +358 9 61671Fax: + 358 9 616 7566