SPSS Exercise 2 · SPSS Exercise 2 Frequency Distributions Due: Frequency distributions are...
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SPSSExercise2FrequencyDistributions
Due:
Frequencydistributionsareunivariatetechniquesusedtosummarizedata.Afrequencydistributiondisplaysthefrequencywithwhichtheattributesofavariableareobservedinasample.Objectives:Therearefourobjectivestothisassignment,thefirsttwoinvolveusingSPSSandthesecondtwoareaboutwhatyoudowithoutputfromSPSS
1. LearntomakefrequencydistributionsusingSPSS2. LearnhowtoreadtheoutputfromSPSS3. Learntodrawfrequencydistributiontables4. Learntoanalyzefrequencydistributions
SPSSProcedure:
1. Openthedataset2. FromthetoolbarselectAnalyze>DescriptiveStatistics>Frequencies.See
Figure2.1.Thiswillcauseawindowtoopenup.SeeFigure2.2.3. Inthe“Frequencies”window,showninFigure2.2,selectthevariable(s)for
thefrequencydistributionfromtheleftsideofthewindowtotherightsideofthewindow.Thiscanbedonebyhighlightingthevariableandclickingthearrow,doubleclickingthevariable,ordraggingitfromonesidetotheother.Forthepurposeofthisdemonstrationwewillbeusingthevariablewrkstat(LaborForceStatus).
4. Oncethevariable(s)youareworkingwithareontherightsideofthewindowclickthe“OK”buttononthelowerrighthandside.Thiswillcauseawindowsimilar,butnotnecessarilyidentical,totheoneinFigure2.3topopup.
ReadingtheOutput:
1. Thesmallboxonthetopoftheoutputcontains:a. “N”(thenumberofrespondentswhorespondedtothesurveyweare
workingwith.Itshouldalwaystotal2,812)b. Valid(thenumberofrespondentsthatansweredthequestion.Inthis
instance2,811)c. Missing(thenumberofrespondentswhoforsomereasondidnot
answerthequestion).d. Forthepurposesofthisassignmentwearenotconcernedwiththis
smallbox.2. Thelargerbox:
a. Thefarleftcolumnlisttheattributesofthevariablethatareconsidered“Valid”and“Missing.”Thereisalsoalabel“Total”whichshowsthetotalnumberofValidandMissingresponsesinthethirdcolumn.
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b. Thesecondcolumnfromtheleftpresentstheattributesofthevariableweareworkingwith.
c. Thethirdcolumndisplaysthe“Frequency,”thenumberofrespondentsthatselectedaparticularattribute.
d. Thefourthcolumnpresentsthe“Percent,”thefrequencyofrespondentsthatselectedaparticularattributedividedbythetotalnumberofrespondentsinthesurvey(e.g.1466/2812=0.52133or52.1%).Noticethatifyouaddedallthepercentsubtotalsitwouldequal/total100asisdisplayedatthebottomofthefourthcolumn.
e. Thefifthcolumnisthe“ValidPercent,”thefrequencyofrespondentsthatselectedaparticularattributedividebythetotalnumberofrespondentsthatansweredthequestion(seeValidinstep1b)(e.g.1466/2811=0.521520452.1%)Whenreportingpercent,thisisthevaluemostlikelytobeused.
f. Thesixthcolumnisthe“CumulativePercent,”thisiscumulativefrequencydividedbythetotalnumberofrespondentsinasurvey.Thisisslightlymorecomplicatedandwillbecoveredinmoredetailduringlecture.
DisplayingData:
1. OutputfromSPSSfrequencydistributionsshouldbepresentedinatablethatdisplays
a. Atablenumberb. Atitleforthetablec. Thevalidattributesbeingdisplayedd. Thevalidpercente. The“n”orthenumberofrespondentsinthesample(itwillalwaysbe
2,812withthisdataset)f. Thesourceofthedate(itwillalwaysbe2004GeneralSocialSurvey)
2. SeeTable2.1foramodelofhowatableforthevariablewrkstatmightlook.AnalyzingAFrequencyDistribution:
1. Whenanalyzingdata:a. Referencethetablebynumberandtitle.Notethatwhendiscussa
specifictablethe“t”intableshouldbecapitalized.b. Asaruleofthumb,citeatleastthreedatapoints.Note,thatwhen
analyzingafrequencydistributionitismostimportanttodiscuss(valid)percentandnotthefrequency.
c. Provideonesentencetosummarizethefindings.2. Sample:
a. Table1presentsaFrequencyDistributionforRespondents’LaborForceStatus(workstat).UsingthesedataIfindthattheover63percent(1,786)of respondents are employed either part-time or fulltime whileapproximately3.5percent (99) areunemployed. It isworthnoting thatover 14 percent of respondents were unemployed and 9.5 percentrespondentsindicatedthattheykepthouse.Overall,thetableshowsthatmostrespondentsareemployed.
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Assignment:1. ProducefrequencydistributionsforSPSSforthevariables“marital”and
“race”2. Maketablesusingtheoutputfromthevariables“marital”and“race”3. Writeareportwhere:
a. Frequencydistributionisdefined.b. Analyzethetablesproduced.c. Discussanyproblemsencounteredandhowtheywereovercome.d. Includetheoutputandtablesproduced
Figure2.1.
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Figure2.2
Figure2.3
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Table2.1.RespondentsLaborForceStatus(wrkstat) Frequency PercentWorkingFulltime 1466 52.2WorkingPart-time 320 11.4TemporarilyNotWorking 80 2.8Unemployed/LaidOff 99 3.5Retired 403 14.3InSchool 115 4.1KeepingHouse 266 9.5Other 62 2.2Total 2811 100n=2,812Source:2004GeneralSocialSurvey