SP's Naval Forces 02-2006

I n T h i s I s s u e

A Quote

Ed

ito

ria

l We at SP’s aredelighted to presentthe second issue ofSP’s Naval Forces toour readers.

I would take theopportunity to say thatit has indeed been a

delight to cover the issues that are ofinterest to one of the most dynamic andprogressive defence services.

SP’s is proud to make a mention that while we wereoverwhelmed by very kind and supportive com-ments that were made by Admiral Arun Prakash,Chief of the Naval Staff of India, during the releaseof this journal. We have been even more over-whelmed by the comments received from variedsectors. In totality, the journal has evoked the posi-tive responses which would duly help us taking thejournal a very long way.

It is so incidental that the very second issue itselfhappens to get an opportunity to cover the mega-event ‘President’s Fleet Review’ which takes placeonce in the tenure of President of India. During theevent he reviews the maritime strength of India.SP’s Naval Forces has made an attempt to coverthis photogenic event in a bit illustrative manner.

A forceful and analytical article on Future ofSubmarine Warfare by a renowned submarinerRear Admiral (Retd) Raja Menon, has been includedin this issue. While, an article on Network-CentricWarfare by Vice Admiral (Retd) Parvesh Jaitley dis-cusses the key role that the concept based onInformation Age can play extensively in terms ofInformation Superiority.

President Bush’s visit to India in March, has intro-duced an altogether new wave of relationshipbetween the two countries. The direction, the rela-tionship is heading towards; and the variety of ges-ture exchanges, emergence of positive initiativesand greater understandings of both countries foreach other are some of the aspects that have beendealt and analysed by V Admiral Jaitley in the arti-cle Fresh Tide in Indo-US Relations. The journal fur-ther includes many of the other features, reportsetc. which should be of considerable interest to ourvaluable readers.

It is just a beginning. SP’s Naval Forces will remaindynamic. It will indeed continue working towardsmeeting the aspirations of its readers. We wouldtherefore warmly welcome the suggestionsenabling the continuity of this process.

SP’s NAVAL FORCES 2/2006 1

T he concept of a fleet review was prob-ably conceived both as a show ofnaval might and inspection of readi-ness for battle. In India, the President,

as the Supreme Commander, reviews the fleetonce during his tenure. The ninth fleet reviewwas held, for the first time on the east coast atVisakhapatnam from February 11 to 13, 2006.About 50 naval ships and 55 aircrafts took part.The President’s day at sea and presentation ofcolour to the Eastern Fleet were also held dur-ing this period.

Fleet Review

The main event took place on February 12,2006. President APJ Abdul Kalam embarked onthe presidential yacht INS Sukanya after receiv-ing a 21 gun salute and reviewed the anchoredships representing all the naval commands. Thecrew of each ship were lined up on the upper

I s s u e 2 2 0 0 6 4 V o l 1 N o 2

JAYANT BARANWAL

MANAGING EDITOR & PUBLISHER

Sea Powerprojected

Supreme CommanderReviews the Strength

Fle

et

Concept of a fleet review wasprobably conceived both as a

show of naval might and inspection of readiness for battle.In India, the President, as the Supreme Commander, reviewsthe fleet once during his tenure.

C D R V I N A Y G A R G , P R O I N D I A N N A V Y

When I am with you, I am reminded of the 1971 heroicaction by the Eastern Naval Command. On the declarationof war in December, 1971, INS Rajput, while on patrol, fireddepth charges which grievously damaged PNS Gazi. It wasa ‘prize trophy’ for the Indian Navy. I am happy that the newINS Rajput has now become the first ship to have the mostadvanced supersonic cruise missile, BrahMos. I congratu-late all ranks of the Navy for their heroic action and theirforesight for modernisation to maintain superiority in allfuture operations.

Dr A P J Abdul Kalam

“

”Continued on page 2...

President’s Fleet Review-2006

deck in white ceremonials and doffed their capsin unison as salutation when the President’syacht sailed past. The sound of ‘jai’ three times

by the crews echoed over the waves, carryingthe promise of allegiance of each and everyman to the President and the nation.

4PRESIDENT’S DAY AT SEA: Dr Kalam with Admiral Prakash, onboard Indian Navalsubmarine Sindhurakshak, waves during the fleet review on 13 February. It was for thefirst time that any President of India had sailed onboard a submarine.

6A minesweeperapproaches heranchor berthwhile ships inthe backgroundcarry out firing.

“Just now (during President’s Fleet Review) Iwitnessed India’s sea power contributed byIndian Navy in high performance through itsnaval platforms with force multipliers. Thisgives me the confidence that the nation isassured of its maritime security.”

Dr A P J Abdul Kalam President of India

Future of Submarine Warfare 5 page 4

Network CentricWarfare4 page 6

Indi

an N

avy

Exclusive withBoeing IDS3 page 19

Indi

an N

avy

In This Issue

Editorial

INAUGURAL ISSUE

A Quote

SP’s NAVAL FORCES 2/20062

President’s Fleet Review-2006 ...Continued from page 1

Continued on page 3...

1. The Review column sailing past the anchored ships during Fleet Review on 12th February.

2. Officers and men of a Kashin class destroyer saluting the Supreme Commander (Dr Kalam).

3. Chetak helicopters carrying the national flag and naval ensign overflying a Foxtrot class submarine.

4. Marine Commandos (MARCOS) being retrieved by Sea King helicopter on completion of mission.

5. The President Dr Kalam sharing a moment with the participants of a group song.

6. Naval aerobatics team demonstrating a complex manoeuvre during OP DEMO.

7. Marine Commandos (MARCOS) heading for a beach assault during OP DEMO .

8. FAC maintaining vigil off Vizag.

9. The President Dr Kalam and Defence Minister Mr Mukherjee seen with Vice Admiral Sureesh Mehta, Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief of

Eastern Naval Command of Indian Navy.

10. Aerial shot of INS Gomati and INS Tabar sailing over waters during event.

11. Presentation of Colours by the President of India to the Eastern Fleet.

12. India's first stealth frigate INS Talwar saluting the Supreme Commander in the traditional manner.

1 2

4

7

8

10 11

Pict

ure

Cour

tesy

: Ind

ian

Nav

y

Operational Demonstration &Beating Retreat

After the review there was an operationaldemonstration of the fighting punch of theIndian fleet that showcased the operationaltasks undertaken by the various arms of theIndian Navy. The demonstration included highspeed manoeuvres by frontline warships, mis-sile firing, landing operations by marine com-mandos, a submarine display and aerial displayby naval aircraft, including its aerobatic team,‘Sagar Pawan’. The operational demonstrationwas followed by ‘Beating Retreat’ which tookplace in the form of a military musical pageant.The event ended with lowering of the flags,accompanied by a spectacular display of fire-works and illumination of the ships. All the func-tions were held close to the shore so that thepublic could get a rare opportunity to watchnaval actions at sea.

Presentation of Colour

The President presented his Colour to theEastern Fleet on February 13, at the EasternNaval Command parade ground. The presenta-tion of the President’s Colour is a matter ofgreat honour and pride not only for the EasternFleet but also for the entire Navy. This signifiesthe coming of age of our sword arm on theeastern seaboard and recognises its contribu-tion towards furthering the country’s securityinterests in the strategic sea-lanes in the vicinityof the Bay of Bengal. The Royal Indian Navywas presented the King’s Colour in 1935, whichis now preserved in the Maritime Museum atMumbai. After Independence, the Indian Navywas the first of the three services to be present-ed the President’s Colour on May 27, 1951.

President’s Day at Sea

The President’s day at sea onboard Indiannaval submarine Sindhurakshak was held onFebruary 13, and demonstrated to thePresident the intricacies of submarine opera-tions. It was for the first time that any Presidentof India had sailed onboard a submarine.Sindhurakshak is the 9th Kilo class submarineand was commissioned on December 24, 1997at St Petersburg in Russia. It has taken part inOperation Vijay and Operation Prakaram, and ispresently being commanded by CommanderPravesh Singh Bist.

I n T h i s I s s u eE

dit

ori

al

INAUGURAL ISSUE

A Quote


In This Issue

Editorial

INAUGURAL ISSUE

A Quote

President’s Fleet Review-2006 ...Continued from page 2

444Presidential YachtSukanya

4 INS Sukanya is the lead ship of Sukanyaclass, commissioned at Masan, South Koreaon August 31, 1989.

4 It is an off-shore patrol vessel, primarilytasked for patrolling and protection of the off-shore assets.

4 Capable of day/night flying operations ofSea King, Kamov, Chetak and ALH helicop-ters.

4 Acted as goodwill ambassador by flyingthe tricolour in many foreign naval ports andcarrying out joint exercises.

4 Provided escort to high value vesselsthrough Malacca Straits as part of OperationSagittarius in 2003.

4 Earned a certificate of appreciation fromSri Lankan President for rendering aid duringTsunami.

The nation is proud of you and in appreciation of yourservices, I am delighted to present the ‘Colour’ to theEastern Fleet.

Dr A P J Abdul Kalam

“”

3

5

6

9

12

Genesis

I t was in 1911, at the height of the power ofthe British Royal Navy, that an exerciseconducted off the approaches to theEnglish Channel resulted in a well posi-

tioned submarine captain ‘sinking’ a number ofcapital ships as they transited through his patrolarea in a rigidly maintained line-ahead formation.The submarine captain couldn’t believe his luckas the target solution for the lead ship was mere-ly transferred to each subsequent ship as it cameinto periscope view. At the debrief, the youngcaptain was told not to carry his ‘impertinence’too far by upsetting what was until then a stablenaval equilibrium by ‘damned un-English’ prac-tices. Despite many similar pointers, naval war-fare was unprepared for the catastrophic effectsof the successful German U-boat warfare inWorld War I, and even more surprisingly, in theWorld War II. In the latter war, Italian navaldestroyers went to sea in the Mediterraneanwithout sonars of any kind as they were consid-ered too technical to install, too complicated forthe crew and of doubtful value, in any case.

World War II

The appalling losses inflicted by the German U-boat captains were a matter of accidental suc-cess as Grand Admiral Raeder the C-in-C hadconvinced Hitler in the inter war years that U-boats would not be a success in the World WarII and had all the steel diverted to pocket battle-ships. Most analysts are perhaps unaware thatboth Germany and Britain started World War IIwith roughly 60 submarines each. By 1944,Germany was launching about 700 submarinesa year, many of them built in sections far inlandand transported on barges to the assemblingyards in Kiel and Bremen.

444By 1944 Germany waslaunching about 700 sub-marines a year.333

Similarly, the American submarine service wasthe only weapon system to fight the Japaneseafter the initial defeats on the American Navy atPearl Harbour and Guadalcanal. So successfulwere the American submarines that the last oiltanker to reach Japan did so in the winter of1944, ten months before the Japanese surren-der in 1945.

444Few admirals read navalhistory, and hence one findsalmost 25 navies less than sixor eight submarines in theirinventory.333

Post World War II Strategy

Most of the post war strategic thinking has beendominated by World War II narratives, whereclassical submarine campaigns against theeconomy and overseas operations conductedover a period of time were stunning successes.The German U-boat successes came over aperiod of three to four years. The critical factorhere was ‘time’. Even the huge losses on alliedshipping would not have had a decisive effect ifthe war had lasted only for a month or two.From these narratives it is impossible not toconclude that any submarine ‘campaign’ mustbe conducted for a minimum of six monthsbefore the strategy of sea-denial can dent thewar effort of the enemy. The lessons are clear.A submarine campaign, like any other strategiccampaign, must be situated in the overall warscenario to test it for relevance. Some excep-tions will always exist. For instance, the densityof traffic at chokepoints like the Malacca Straitswill always attract a submarine sea-denial cam-paign. In such cases, where a submarine warmay be fought in a restricted area, the ideas ofAdmiral Gorshkov are most applicable.

Gorshkov’s Views

Gorshkov suggested that the idea of submarinesoperating ‘alone’ was impossible where therestrictions of geography enable an intense anti-submarine campaign to be mounted. If there aresuch areas and submarines are the best plat-forms to deploy there, then they must be sup-ported by other forces. In other words, the sub-marine campaign then transcends from a puresea-denial campaign to an all arms battle. WhatGorshkov suggests is that anti-submarine airefforts must be interdicted, Anti-submarineWarfare (ASW) ships must be attacked by ownaircraft or surface-to-surface missiles and so on.In this way the battle for the preservation of thesea-denial campaign will grow into a decisive an

all-arms battle which may eventually becomeMahanian. So the ultimate objective is not somuch the interdiction of sea lines of communica-tions (SLOCs) but the eventual ‘big’ battle.

Importance of Numbers

If one looks at the way submarine services inthe world are structured, it is impossible not tosee that most navies have no underlying strate-gy as regards the employment of conventionalsubmarines. The key of course is ‘numbers’.Submarines are not tactical weapon platforms.Many navies think that they are, but they arereally strategic weapons or nothing at all. Therewere almost 40 or 45 submarines deployed atJutland, but who remembers the role of sub-marines at Jutland? Similarly there were 19 USsubmarines deployed at Midway and they affect-ed the course of the battle not at all. About 20submarines were deployed at the Battle of LeyteGulf, but except for a contact report made by ascouting submarine, they performed no role inthat battle. So tactically, submarines have beenfailures, but few admirals read naval history andhence one finds almost 25 navies with less thansix or eight submarines in their inventory.

This amounts to the ability to deploy aboutthree or four submarines in case of war, whichin turn means the presence of one or two sub-marines on patrol in any war lasting over amonth. So it is clear that when navies acquiresix submarines or four or even two, they haveno clear idea on what they acquired them for,other than to say they have a ‘balanced fleet’.By ‘balance’ is apparently meant having a few ofeverything, like a balanced shopping basket.

Future Employment ofSubmarines

The training of submarine crews - the captains,the principal control officers and the crew - areprobably the most rigorous in any navy. Yet theteaching of how to deploy a submarine or asquadron of submarines is practically non-exis-tent. It is as though once a navy owns a subma-rine, someone will tell it where to go, for howlong and the purpose for which it is being sent.Presumably anyone can do this job without anyformal training. The result of course is that thereis a huge mismatch between the dedication andprofessionalism of submarine crews and thefairly lackadaisical way in which they aredeployed or used as a strategic tool.

With all these unsolved mysteries as a back-ground, what is the future of submarine war-fare? The two World Wars are no longer usefulas models to plan future strategies. If the idea isthat submarines will go out on patrol, rotatearound with boats in harbour, and that by doingthis they will change the course of a naval war,then it is extremely naïve. There are of coursemany countries that still have what is called ‘sin-gle commodity vulnerability’, which is to say thatthe country is heavily dependent on the importor export of that one commodity. India’s andChina’s vulnerability is oil. Pakistan is vulnerableto oil and food. There are other countries thatgenerate 30 to 40% of their GDP from export,and that too of one commodity, like oil in SaudiArabia. These countries are indeed vulnerable

In This Issue

Editorial

INAUGURAL ISSUE

A Quote


Despite many pointers,naval warfare wasunprepared for the cat-astrophic effects of thesuccessful German U-Boat warfare in theWorld War I, and evenmore surprisingly in theWorld War II.

The Future of SubmarineWarfare * R E A R A D M I R A L ( R E T D ) R A J A M E N O N

Op

era

tio

ns

6A German VII C Class boat (U-boat) whichwas used during World War II, on her patrolingmission.

5The modernisation of submarine arm of Indian Navy includes induction of Scorpene currentlyunder production.

Continued on page 8...*The writer is a well known Submariner and a Naval Strategist.

US

Nav

y

DCM

U.A

.


Germany—a shipbuilding location

For over a decade, the subject of shipyard merg-ers has been debated both at political and indus-trial levels and in recent years pressure hasbeen mounting in the European naval shipbuild-ing sector. The German government has, more-over, demanded naval shipbuilding consolidationon the part of the parties involved.

In the past, HDW and ThyssenKrupp already hadsuccessfully joined forces on certain projects: athome—together with others—in the form ofproject-specific alliances, and on export con-tracts as consortiums.

Forging a formal merger between theThyssenKrupp Group and the HDW Group is thelogical outcome of the consortium-type coopera-tion practised to date in the market for navalvessels. For the efficiency of Nordseewerke, inparticular, such teamwork is of major signifi-cance. With respect to HDW’s past role as con-sortium leader on submarine orders and HDW’sso-called exclusive components (torpedo tubes,hydrogen storage for fuel cell propulsion), the

continuation of this cooperation is a safe basefor Nordseewerke’s involvement in submarinebusiness.

This merger between the shipyard groups offersnumerous benefits: it is a precondition for retain-ing and enhancing naval engineering expertisewithin Germany and thus securing Germany’s roleas a shipbuilding location. The competence cen-ters in the core businesses of submarines andnaval ships are strengthened and expanded whilein the yacht sector, the present cooperation willact as a launch pad for aspiring to marketsupremacy. As a consequence, ThyssenKruppMarine Systems will be working with a concertedeffort within this growth segment.

Market continuity

Toward its customers, ThyssenKrupp MarineSystems is demonstrating a well-balanced con-sideration of production location competence.The merger ties in with, and advances, existingstructures. Kiel and Emden stand for top-calibertechnology in conventional submarines whileHDW, for years now, has established itself onthe marketplace as consortium leader with afirst-class reputation. Accordingly, Kiel is thehome to the Submarines Division management.

Blohm + Voss is closely associated with thedevelopment of the widely acclaimed MEKO®design. The consolidation of naval shipbuildingin Hamburg and Emden allows the new group tocontinue to benefit from the reputation built byMEKO® technology.

The yacht, after sales and repair operations arelikewise capitalising on existing structures formaximum market presence continuity.

A strong position in naval vessels

With the closing on January 5, 2005, the mergerbetween ThyssenKrupp Werften and HDW hadbeen formally consummated. This date alsomarks the official launch of the ThyssenKruppMarine Systems Group headquartered inHamburg. Essentially, the group comprisesHowaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft GmbH, Kiel;HDW-Gaarden GmbH, Nobiskrug GmbH,Rendsburg; Blohm + Voss GmbH und Blohm +Voss Repair GmbH, Hamburg; NordseewerkeGmbH, Emden; as well as Kockums AB, Sweden,and Hellenic Shipyards S.A., Greece.ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems perceives itselfas a systems supplier commanding a strongposition in the market for naval vessels.

The industrial concept

The group‘s structure envisages the retention ofall existing locations and focuses on the existingpriorities at the individual shipyards. It compris-es the four product groups of Submarines, NavalShips, Nonnaval Ships, and Marine Services.

The Hamburg, Emden and Kiel locations aregraduated into Competence Centers with clearlydemarcated product responsibilities. This isessential to sustained location survival andhealthy development prospects. The purposebehind this product- and customer-focusedorganization is to respond rapidly and resultfullyto market needs and hence cultivate competitiveadvantages:

This concept of focal orientation generatesnotable synergy potentials. Interfaces will bepruned and multilocational development effortduplication eliminated. The pooling of centralpurchasing activities, in particular, is expectedto deliver benefits while the product-alignedstructure will permit improvements in productionand materials logistics.

The industrial plan is a win-win situation, havingbeen mapped out to allow for the priorities andcapabilities of each location. The new structureis advantageous to each and all.

The competence center for submarine building isin Kiel. While making use of the existing capacityat Emden, Kiel is responsible for such functions assales, development, engineering design, produc-tion, and integration. Kiel is also home to theSubmarines Division management. Kiel will contin-ue to have engineering design and productioncapacities for non-naval shipbuilding—these beingspun off into a legally independent company.

The Emden location concentrates on surfacenaval and merchant vessels including offshore

patrol vessels (OPVs) and support naval craft.Emden will still be involved in adding significantvalue to submarine building. In all, this means asignificant expansion in naval shipbuilding plusstrengthened naval vessel design facilities.

Hamburg headquarters both ThyssenKruppMarine Systems and the Surface VesselsDivision management. This location will focus onsurface naval vessels—frigates and corvettes—and on after-sales business. Additionally, thepromising yacht product group is being concen-trated and expanded in Hamburg. The midsizeyacht segment will be covered by Nobiskrug inRendsburg.

The industrial plans for Kockums in Sweden andHellenic Shipyards in Greece will be integratedin the industrial structure of ThyssenKruppMarine Systems.

Future prospects for ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems

In the market for naval vessels, the new shipyardalliance will be among the leaders in Europe. Onan international scale, the Group is outstandinglypoised. The new shipyard group unites the corecapabilities of German naval shipbuilding interms of conventional submarines andfrigate/corvette type surface vessels. Indeed,ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems aims to furthersharpen its technological edge in these areas. Inthe market for naval craft, the new group with itsMEKO® technology plays a worldwide lead rolein frigates and corvettes while in the market fornonnaval ships (such as yachts), both Blohm +Voss and HDW command vast competence. n

ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems:A concerted effort to mould the future

444Marketing Supplement to SP’s Naval Forces 2/2006 333

The merger of ThyssenKrupp Werftenand the HDW-Group has developed astrong, big European shipyard group -ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems. The

emphasis of this alliance is in Germany andis also represented in Europe by shipyardsbased in Sweden and Greece. In this shipyardgroup, the main competence in the Germannaval shipbuilding in the sectors of non-nuclear submarines and surface vessels withits emphasis on frigates and corvettes will becombined. ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems isaiming for an expansion of its role as leaderin these sectors.

In nonnaval shipbuilding, the competenceand the know-how in the sectors of bigyachts and merchant vessel building arecombined and the existing products will beenhanced. The building of big yachts andmerchant vessels represents an importantfactor in the industrial concept ofThyssenKrupp Marine Systems. The groupingof after-sales activities will provide the idealcoordination of capacities.

The new group combines power, advancedtechnology and the capability of innovation ofThyssenKrupp shipyards and HDW. It is thebase to develop the naval technique know-how in Germany and to ensure Germany as ashipbuilding location.

3SubamrineClass 212A - U 31- for the GermanNavy. Built by theThyssenKruppMarine Systems’yardHowaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft.

5SAS SPIOENKOP • SAS ISANDLWANA • SAS AMATOLAType MEKO® A-200 SAN frigates for the South African Navy. Built by the ThyssenKruppMarine Systems’ yards Blohm + Voss and Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft in 2003/2004.

5Frigate class 124 SACHSEN for the German Navy.Built by the ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems’ yardBlohm + Voss.

T he character of war is a product of ageand keeps changing from time to timewith developments in technology.Major advancements in the information

technology in the recent past, which have pri-marily been driven by the demands of the com-mercial sector, have found considerable applica-tion in warfare to achieve comprehensive infor-mation superiority/battle space awareness. Inthis context, Network Centric Warfare (NCW) orinformation based warfare is truly a Revolutionin Military Affairs (RMA). Network centric envi-ronment is a comparatively recent concept andencompasses many aspects which demand aradically different approach to military opera-tions. In a collaborative environment, NetCentric Operations (NCO) enables the organi-sation to rapidly collect and share requisite datain near real time. NCW is not of providing a nar-row technological response, but broadly, aboutan emerging military response to the informa-tion age. Fundamentally, the concept of NCW orNCO is about the relationships amongst thingsand people on the battlefield, as well as achiev-ing and maintaining information superiority bydefeating or deterring the enemy by getting theright information to the right place, in the rightformat, at the right level of precision and accu-racy, and at the right time. NCW leverages theadvances in information age technology to con-nect battle space entities such as aircrafts,

ships, tanks and intelligence sensors to eachother as well as to the command and controlcenters on a real time basis.

Evolution of NCW Concepts in theIndian Navy

Due to the nature of warfare at sea, navy isintrinsically net centric and operates in an envi-ronment that encourages mutual support fromits integral elements. Within a ship, team work isextremely important to be able to survive as afighting unit and therefore networking this teambecomes a primary requirement. As the meansand technology to network increases, the focusis now shifting from the individual platform to agroup of platforms and even the entire navy. Letus consider the naval working environment andlook at the chain of events that lead to thedevelopment of NCW concepts.

During the early 70s, commanders at sealooked at individual displays in their operationrooms to see radar, sonar or electronic supportmeasure pictures. Then came the era ofCommand, Control and Intelligence (C2I) sys-tems that enabled them automatically to trackthe targets, conduct threat evaluation and sug-gest best search patterns. By early 90s, datalinks became an integral part of C2I systemsthat enabled exchange of tracks among various

ships. It became possible to compile a commoncomposite tactical picture among various plat-forms at sea. This marked the beginning ofNCW concepts. By late 90s, considerable tech-nological advancements were made to refinethe Tactical Data Information Links (TADILs) forexchange of data over the radio circuits. TheTADILs could create and manage the networksand automatically route the required informationfrom source to the destination.

444By late 90s considerabletechnological advancementswere made to refine theTactical Data Information Linksfor exchange of data over theradio circuits.333

On the other hand, the internet and mobiletelephony matured in the civil streets and revo-lutionised the manner in which the businesswas conducted by commercial world with con-siderable success. Following the technologytrends, military too took an initiative and set upvarious independent networks for shore basedneed in an ad hoc manner.

Having seen the success of ad hoc applicationsashore and effectiveness of the TADILs at sea,NCW concepts got a big boost. This presenteda number of options for the military. The com-manders felt that operations, logistics, repairsand all other applications and processes thatsupport the cause of war needed to be effec-tively networked. The solutions varied fromcomputerising the existing operational philoso-phies and integrating existing networks underone umbrella on the one extreme, to develop-ment of new doctrines and operational philoso-phies on the other extreme. The era of NCWconcepts effectively began. The countries thatoperated TADILs had a distinct advantage incorrectly understanding and addressing the rel-evant issues. However, the confusion too wasevident in their vision documents which laid theroadmap to achieve NCW capabilities.

The volumetric complexity in attaining NCWcapabilities is enormous. The vision documentsfrom various sources agree to set-up, ‘theSensor’s Grid’, that would help collate and fusethe tactical picture obtained from various datasources. ‘The Information Grid’, that would helpamplify and analyse the collated data and the,“Weapon Grid”, that would give the CooperativeEngagement Capability (CEC). Some of themprofess the requirements of having the collabo-rative tools to plan, execute and monitor almostall the affairs of joint operations as an integralpart of NCW.

444 It is evident that NCWaspires to automate the warfareusing humans, computers andmilitary equipment in its entirety. 333

It is evident that NCW aspires to automate thewarfare using humans, computers and militaryequipment in its entirety. This cannot be doneovernight and also no one knows how the finalsystem will look like. It is a continuous processthat is still evolving on account of both, theoperational doctrines as well as technologies.Success of the NCW program involves veryhigh amount of experimentation and field-test-ing to perfect the processes. Most of all it callsfor intense commitment from the top leadershipfor conception and implementation of the NCWprogramme.

The requirements of NCW in the maritime sce-nario differs significantly from those in the othertwo services essentially on account of factorslike large area of operations, extending deepinto the ocean and high seas operation in threedimensions with each dimension having its ownpropogation characteristics that makes interop-erability a major area of concern. Further opera-tion in littoral and featureless sea environmentsposes their own complexities. Considering thepeculiarity of naval requirements, a typical NCWinfrastructure should achieve the following capa-bilities:

4Collation, compilation and presentation ofoperations’ related data, emanating from vari-ous sources at Maritime Operation Centres ofthe three commands and transmission of fusedpicture downstream to constituent elements.The system should achieve total battle spaceawareness through integrated global communi-cations, intelligence, surveillance and recon-naissance.

4 Establish a cooperative engagement capabil-ity by fusing of sensor and weapon grid.

4Enable smooth operations in the completespectrum of warfare, to include peace time,constabulary role, crisis management, out ofarea contingencies and war through integratedjoint planning and operations.

4Seamless integration of operations, adminis-trative and logistic support system.

4An effective decision support system.

In This Issue

Editorial

INAUGURAL ISSUE

A Quote


Op

era

tio

ns

The concept of Network Centric Warfare is truly a Revolution in Military Affairs. Itimplies a fundamental shift from Platform centric approach and leverages theadvances in Information age technology to connect battle space entities on realtime bases.

* V I C E A D M I R A L ( R E T D ) P A R V E S H J A I T LYNCW

5An artist’s impression depicting the concept of NCW.

Continued on page 8...*The writer is former Chief of Material, Indian Navy.

Illus

t: T

apan

In This Issue

Editorial

INAUGURAL ISSUE

A Quote

NorthropGrumman

Advert

Functional Elements

To achieve the above capabilities, we wouldneed to have an information web as a backbonewhich should provide main user interface thatintegrates the whole system, compiles datafrom various sources and display CommonOperational Picture (COP) taking into accountkey factors such as timelines, completeness ofcoverage etc. An important element would bethe ability to manage vast reservoir of informa-tion for an effective Decision Support System(DSS). Large quantity of information requiresgreater interaction between constituent ele-ments and hence adequate collaborative toolslike voice, data, chat and video services wouldbe necessary. Finally we have to achieve coop-erative engagement capabilities as a high-endfunction of NCO. Needless to say that the net-work would have to be rugged, reliable andmost importantly secure.

Basic Infrastructure Requirements

Acquiring and setting up the correct informationtechnology infrastructure plays a major role inNCW. Typical infrastructure would comprise ofthe following:

4Communication networks would be the heartof the system which should be spread out geo-graphically with multiple nodes, all over India,using commercially available systems likeswitches, routes etc. An important feature of thisnetwork would be encrypting using proprietaryalgorithms to be developed in-house. Use ofsatellites and software defined radio will supple-ment the network.

4Information Collection and ProcessingSystems would be collecting data from their

clients like camera, motion detector, satellitepicture, computers, intelligence etc., encryptingand processing it on software programmes run-ning on super computers. The processing nodesforming multiple hierarchies for decision makingat the appropriate level of command.

4Command and Control Centres which provideprocessed data in a form by which people canmake intelligent decisions in real time.

4Evolution Process or Co-evolved MissionCapability is a major task of NCW. Theseprocesses have to be conceptualised, designed,developed, tested and finally feedback needs toincorporate for continuous improvement. Thisprocess represents the evolutionary nature ofNCW wherein the lessons learnt from opera-tions are modeled and tested and revised soft-ware is developed to cater for new requirementsor plug the loopholes in existing processes. Theapproach here is Rapid Prototyping.

444Communication networkswould be the heart of the sys-tem.333

Implementation Strategy

In so far as NCW concepts are concerned, theunderstanding of practical applications andoperations philosophy remains hazy and canonly be refined and improved with exploitationexperience. In view of lack of absolute clarity,the staff requirements remain incomplete andcustomised solutions are not available. It is anevolving process which would be developedbased on continuous user inputs. We will have

to adopt step by step approach, a sort of rapidprototyping. While the conceptualisations andimplementations of NCO would need a top-down approach, the system integration willneed to be implemented using bottoms-upapproach involving following broad steps:

4Initially interface and integrate weapons, sen-sors and systems with a warship using highbandwidth local area network.

4Thereafter inter-link entities to facilitate infor-mation exchange using tactical data links withina group.

4Finally, integrate groups through extremelyhigh bandwidth networks using a dedicated orshared communication backbone.

Because of the evolving nature of the process,the development process will essentially have tobe indigenous.

In so far as technological know-how is con-cerned, India has a huge pool of talented andyoung technology professionals that can be eas-ily guided to develop software and hardwaresystems needed for NCW. The one weakness inIndia is inadequacy of hardware industry withR&D in design of required hardware. This can bemade up by encouraging private sector involve-ment with partial government funding to set uprequisite infrastructure. Because of security con-cerns, it would be more appropriate to take onthis task indigenously, selectively in-sourcingskills, knowledge and technology from abroad.

Another concern regarding indigenous develop-ment of NCW system relate to difficulties inintegrating our communication protocols in sys-tems procured from other countries. This needs

to be handled at appropriate administrative andtechnical plans, keeping sensitivities of intellec-tual property rights in mind.

Conclusion

With the advancements in information technol-ogy and successes achieved both in commer-cial and military application by leveraging thepower of network, navies the world over arestriving towards enhancing their war fightingefficiencies through doctrinal changes and net-work enabled organisations, the basic buildingblock for which are surveillance systems, highdata capable communication backbone, inte-grated network systems/applications that workon common standards and protocols, and anenvironment for collaboration. In order torealise this capability, first and foremostrequirement is utmost commitment of top lead-ership both at government and armed forcesfor providing personnel and budgetary support.Since technical expertise exists both in serviceand industry, it is prudent to utilise this by com-plementing technical expertise of industry withdomain expertise of user service. Realising thisconcept of NCW is time consuming and expen-sive effort which has to be done if we are toattain battle space superiority. Attaining NCWcapability is a force multiplier and it is hearten-ing to hear Indian armed forces strivingtowards attaining such capability.


NCW ...Continued from page 6

444Because of the evolvingnature of the process, thedevelopment process willessentially have to be indige-nous.333

to attacks on their economy, which is somethingsubmarines can do. But only in ‘numbers’ andover ‘time’.

444There are of course manycountries that still, have whatis called single commodity vul-nerability like India and China’svulnerability is oil.333

What do the other navies do? A very few canget by with owning nuclear submarines and thatis a different game altogether. Analysis done inthe US Navy in the early 70s, at the time thatconventional submarines still existed, indicatedthat taking transiting times into account andspeeds of advance and territory covered, onenuclear submarine is roughly equal to five con-ventional submarines over a period of time. Thisis an estimate that can be checked with opera-tional analysis and looks quite plausible. Theeffect of deploying a nuclear submarine, eventactically as against continental submarines,

was pointedly brought out in the Falklands. Boththe two 209s deployed by Argentina had tacticalroles and both failed. The one nuclear subma-rine deployed by the UK sank the Argentinecruiser and so shattered the morale of theArgentine Navy that their aircraft carrier, whichcould have played a critical role against thelandings, did not venture out to sea again.

Role for Indian Submarines

The lessons for small to medium navies aretherefore clear. They have to think of new rolesfor submarines. A sea-denial role over a periodof time will attract no funding from a discerninggovernment. Even with surface-to-surface mis-siles, damage can be done to the enemy fleetbut what difference will it make to the course ofthe war? For navies as small as the PakistanNavy, this question doesn’t matter for it has nostrategic role, and its sole purpose is to do‘something’. And what does the Indian Navydo?

One way out of this blind alley is to shift to landattack weapons - not as a half hearted meas-ure, but in a full throated way. The Americans, it

is true, have begun to shift SSBNs (ballisticmissile submarine nuclear fuelled) to aTomahawk cruise missile firing role, with oneSSBN carrying almost 150 Tomahawks. A con-ventional submarine with even 16-20 landattack missiles will be a potent addition to aland attack strategy by navies that wish to domore than attack SLOCs; the latter role mayserve no purpose whatsoever in a short war.Even in a longer war of say 6-8 weeks duration,navies that attempt to defend or attack SLOCsas a bread-and-butter role are doomed to die.

Supplementing the land attack missile capabilitycould be a special forces’ insertion role, particu-larly when the coast is heavily defended. TheUS Navy regularly gives presentations wherethis role has been carried forward to its ulti-mate. In that scenario, an SSN (nuclear fuelledsubmarine) lies on the bottom off the littoral andreleases a number of remotely operated vehi-cles (ROVs) which are involved in operatingspecial forces, mining of harbours, attackingships with limpet mines inside harbours, providebeacons for attacking war planes, rescuedowned aviators and provide reconnaissance.In a land attack role, operating for long periodsoff the littoral, it might just make sense to divertone tube or launcher to anti-ship missiles.

The Future of Submarine Warfare ...Continued from page 4

3The Americanshave begun toshift SSBNs to aTomahawk cruisemissile firing role.Seen here isFlorida (SSBN-728)launchingTomahawk cruisemissile duringGiant Shadow inthe waters off thecoast of theBahamas.

3The USSGeorgeWashington(SSBN 598)was theworld’s firstnuclear pow-ered ballisticmissile sub-marine.

But the fate of serious submarine services isuncertain, just as it is for large armoured forcesin land warfare. At a recent congressional hear-ing on the need to replace the American MainBattle Tank, senators asked the army generalsto describe a scenario in which large armouredforces would be required to drive across conti-nents to seize the enemy’s capital to dictatepeace terms. There were none. Similarly, sub-marine warfare strategists have to ask them-selves questions before someone else does.Which is the scenario where submarine forcescan bring another nation to its knees? Whatconditions must apply for a successful tradition-al submarine campaign? How long will it take,and can the role of traditional submarines bemade to match the overall war aim? Adapt andmodify now or pay the price later.

Submariners have to seriously think of gettingaway from SLOC warfare into littoral warfare asthere are many things to do in the littoral - butnot armed and equipped as submarines aretoday. As one of the only two growing navies inthe world, Indian submariners have to thinkseriously about the next generation of sub-marines - the way they will be equipped, armedand fought before they go the way of somearmoured forces.U

SN

avy

US

Nav

y


C ontinuing with its march towards reporting on matter related Defence in all its dimen-sions, SP Guide Publications launched SP’s Naval Forces on January 12, 2006 whenAdmiral Arun Prakash, Chief of the Naval Staff, India, released the inaugural issue at animpressive ceremony at the United Services Institute, New Delhi, in the presence of a

large number of senior officers from Defence, Industry and diplomatic corps.

Welcoming the distinguished gathering Mr Jayant Baranwal, the Managing Editor and Publisherof SP Guide Publications briefly highlighted the endeavours of the publishing house during thelast four decades in bringing out defence publications focused on each service. He particularlythanked Admiral Arun Prakash for his gracious presence on the occasion and for all the encour-agement and support that was received from staff of Naval Headquarters, New Delhi in makingrelease of this publication a reality.

The ceremonial release was followed by an interactive session between the guests which provid-ed them an opportunity to interact with Indian Naval Chief.

SP’s Naval Forcesreleased by CNS

Different views of gatheringof the various personalitiesduring the release event.

It is most gracious of you to send me the new Journal. One ismore than sure that your organizational strength, leadershipand management would enable the Journal to flourish withwider and greater participation.

Vice Admiral Venkat Bharathan, Vice Chief of Naval Staff,

Indian Navy

1. I was indeed quite surprised to see the speed with which‘SP’s Naval Forces’ has been launched. I have gone throughthe first copy.

2. I have the following observations for your considerations:-

a. Being the inaugural issue I wish the photographer of thejournal had got the CNS photographed in white uniform. Theblue uniform is a recent introduction, which is not known tothose who are not associated with the Navy. You are perhapsaware that we wear this uniform once a week in Delhi.

b. The size and shape of the journal, appears to be based onthe American/British model and I am sure you must havevery good reasons to adopt this format. I was merely lookingat the economics as also the ability to carry the journal withease.

c. The Navy Being relatively a small service I do hope you willhave enough material to cover its progress on a regular

basis, especially to keep up the good work done in the inau-gural issue. You have raised the threshold of expectations.

3. Briefly, I wanted to convey that the inaugural issue hasstarted with a bang and I hope the contents and standard ofthose to follow, would be equally rewarding.

Vice Admiral SCS Bangara, Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief,

Southern Naval Command, Indian Navy

Managing Editor’s Reply:

I am grateful for your kind observations on the inauguralissue of SP’s Naval Forces. Please rest assured that we at SPGuide Publications will delightedly give due considerationsto them.

The Naval Headquarters at New Delhi have been quite sup-portive towards this journal. I am more than certain that withthe consistent kindness and cooperation, SP’s will be able tosustain SP’s Naval Forces with even better standards, foryears to come.

1. In a country where strategic thought process has beenwoefully inadequate and knowledge of “matters military”confined to a select few, it is indeed heartening to see SPGuide Publications’ efforts to correctly bridge this information gap.

2. The inaugural issue of SP’s Naval Forces is indeed a com-mendable effort and the editorial team needs to be comple-mented for their maiden venture. The presentation, selectionof articles and the layout of the journal are indeed verypleasing to a perceptive reader.

Vice Admiral J S Bedi,Deputy Chief of Naval Staff, Indian Navy

I am in receipt of your recent publication SP’s Naval Forces. Ihad gone through its contents at a glance. It is quite usefuland informatory. No doubt it will supplement me for thedeliberations in Parliament and among the public.

I welcome the efforts and initiative taken by you in bringingout the publication.

Mr S K Kharventhan, Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha, India

Thank you for sending your new journal SP’s Naval Forces..…….very informative and of high standard.

Air Commodore R KumarPrincipal Director, Armament and Safety Equipment,

Indian Air Force

SP’S BACKGROUND Founded by Shri S P Baranwal in 1964, SP Guide Publications has been renowned to fill the voidsin the market. Firstly, Military Yearbook was introduced in 1965 with the aim of arousing public awareness about the Indian ArmedForces. At that time there was simply dearth of any such references in India. The Yearbook, now known as SP’s Military Yearbook,has completed over 4 decades and is indeed a premier publication from Asia which offers indispensable reference document forthe armed forces. Keeping up with the pace of military and civil aviation and also the space, SP’s introduced SP’s Aviation in1998. The journal was introduced as a quarterly feature and has been converted into a bimonthly from the beginning of 2006.SP’s later introduced a bimonthly for the ground forces namely SP’s Land Forces in 2004. It was released by the then DefenceMinister Mr George Fernandes in February 2004. Till January 2004, there was no journal in the whole of Asia dedicated to theland forces. It is emerging as the most favourite document within the land forces due to its much focused nature. Not much later,SP’s realised the need of journal typically focused on naval affairs and decided, in consultation with the top brass of Indian Navy,to introduce SP’s Naval Forces to fill the void. With SP’s Naval Forces, SP Guide Publications now offers a full spectrum ofspecialised publications dealing with Land, Sea and Air.

Le

tte

rs t

o t

he

Ed

ito

r

CNS SPEAKS ATTHE OCCASION

I think Indians generallybelieve that India is a conti-nental power, has alwaysbeen so but if you go backin history you will find thatthere was a period of aboutmore than 1000 years upto1300AD, when India was amaritime power. We were

engaged in trade and commerce very actively inthe Arabian Sea and on the east coast there was asuccession of dynasties like the Pandavas,Mauryas, Cholas and Srivijyas who were notengaged in invading the neighbourhood but trans-porting Indian culture and religion from India tothe whole of South East Asia. The Srivijyasdynasty lasted for many years and was broughtdown by another dynasty i.e. the Cholas. After thatthe influx of the Moghuls and Arabs brought anend to the Indian sea power. So after about 1300-1400 years of dominating the seas, for about 700-800 years Indian maritime power had no signifi-cant presence. That period coincides with foreignpowers dominating us.

I think and hope that we are now going to rejuve-nate Indian maritime power and hopeful that in thenext 5-10 years, India will become one of the out-standing maritime powers. It is thus a very appro-priate and timely occasion you have chosen tolaunch this new Journal. Mr Baranwal has beenbringing up the topic with me from time to timeand I must confess that I was a bit doubtful anddiffered with him on two issues. Firstly I said thatwill the Journal of this nature be able to sustainitself? Secondly I asked him whether Naval Forceswas an appropriate title or would it be better to callit Maritime Forces but on both these issues he hadno doubt. He is quite a resolute person and wentahead with what he wanted to do. I am certain thatin times to come, he will be proven right and I willbe proven wrong.

At this juncture I must also compliment him as Ihave gone through his publications over the yearsand I think that they have come a very long wayand today all of them are of international qualityin content, production and get up. This is a tributeto his energy and devotion, and something wecan feel proud of. So in conclusion may I onceagain felicitate you Mr Baranwal, it is a day ofgreat significance not only for you and yourcompany but also for us in the Navy. It will giveus a forum to project issues and focus on mar-itime India. I also hope that the name will not berestrictive to navy as the word ‘maritime’ encom-passes a whole universe of maritime issues likemerchant navy, ports and ships.

CONCEPTBEHIND THEJOURNAL Currently,Indian Navy is the mosthappening arm of India’smilitary system. This state-of-the-art service has alsobeen very interoperable.This has been well reflectedin the joint exercisesconducted with some of thevery credible navies such asUS Navy, French Navy,and so on. SP’s NavalForces is an output of theideas to cover such anorganisation which dulycarries forward the India’sforeign policies through high-seas.

Admiral Arun Prakash, theCNS, being welcomed byMr Baranwal during therelease event (left). CNSreleasing the journal.S

P G

uide

Pub

ns

The Bush Visit

Recent visit of US President George Bush toIndia in March 2006 has been acclaimed as aresounding success primarily on account of thesigning of the nuclear deal which puts Indiafirmly, if tacitly, in the elite of “Nuclear Haves”,recognising it as an important world power. Asignificant inclusion in the joint statement issuedby the two countries relates to defence cooper-ation with the words “The United States reaf-firmed its goal to help meet India’s defenceneeds and to provide the important technolo-gies and capabilities that India seeks.”

The statement further explained that on securi-ty, the United States and India are building thefoundation of a durable defence relationshipthat will continue to support their commonstrategic and security interest. The joint state-ment focused on the following issues:

4Maritime Security Cooperation: The UnitedStates and India are committed to a compre-hensive cooperative effort to ensure a securemaritime domain.

4Counter Terrorism: The two countries arejointly expanding the scope of their counter ter-rorism cooperation, including work on bio-terror-ism and cyber security.

4Military Logistics Support: India and UnitedStates will soon sign an agreement to facilitatemutual logistic support during combined train-ing, exercises and disaster relief operation.

4Defence Trade: The United States reaffirmedits goal to help meet India’s defence needs andto provide the important technologies and capa-bilities that India seeks.

The content, emphasis and tone of the state-ment obviously implies that the days of US notbeing a reliable defence equipment supplier arenow history, and with changing strategic per-ceptions and a great deal of convergence infuture areas of mutual interest, there are manymutually beneficial aspects that tie the twocountries together. .

Indo-US Defence Cooperation

Indo-US defence cooperation, started in 1984when a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU)was signed between the US and IndianGovernment for export of ‘SensitiveCommodities and Technologies’ from the US. Itlargely remained unimplemented due to

perceived mindsets in the US about India’sposition on politico-economic issues and its pol-icy of marginalising India by military support toPakistan. Post-Pokharan tests, India witnessedcooling of relations and an era of technologydenial regime accompanied by imposition ofsanctions, adversely affecting the product sup-port of US origin equipment. The events of 9/11brought about a major rethink in the US globalstrategic perspective and it began looking atIndia as a key strategic player in Asia to partnerit in its fight against terrorism. Having been along time victim of fundamentalist Islamic terror-ism, India was more than willing to help it incurbing and eliminating terrorist groups. In thechanged scenario, both countries found otherareas of strategic convergence as well like pro-tection of seas lanes from Persian Gulf to theStraits of Malacca, containment of China, ener-gy security, economic interdependence, con-tainment of terrorism at sea and sea piracy etc.Consequent to this rethink on global strategy

and convergence of views on improving Indo-US relations, defence cooperation mattersreceived a pro-active thrust with the signing ofthe 10 years Indo-US Defence Framework (DF)on June 28, 2005, during the visit of IndianDefence Minister Mr Mukherjee to US. Thisagreement lays out an ambitious plan foradvancing the relationship to higher military-techno-commercial levels.

The relationship envisaged is multi-faceted andcovers a wide spectrum of activities to includejoint exercises, defence sales, exchange stu-dents and instructors, individual training cours-es and collaboration on other military issues. Inthe recent past, significant momentum to putthe relationship between the two countries onfirmer footings has been noticed with theincreasing exchanges of visit of senior officers.The head of the Defence Security CooperationAgency, Lt General Koehler, responsible for mili-tary training and military related sales, has visit-ed India several times, working closely with hisIndian counterparts on key acquisition issues.

US Defence Industry Enthusiastic

An important component of DF was the call forexpanding two-way defence trade. DuringDefexpo 06 held early this year, US defenceindustry rented the largest amount of displayspace - a remarkable increase from four yearsago when only a few US companies desired to

In This Issue

Editorial

INAUGURAL ISSUE

A Quote


The content, emphasis and tone of thejoint statement issued by the

2 countries, obviously implies that thedays of US not being a reliable defenceequipment supplier are now history, andwith changing strategic perceptions and

a great deal of convergence in futureareas of mutual interest, there are manymutually beneficial aspects that tie the

two countries together.

5Mr Mukherjee (Indian Defence Minister) andMr Donald H Rumsfeld (US Defence Secretary)smile after signing a document in thePentagon establishing the new framework forthe Indo-US Defence Relationship on June 28,2005.

Indo-US Relations V I C E A D M I R A L ( R E T D ) P A R V E S H J A I T L E Y

YÜxá{ g|wxYÜxá{ g|wx


4Malabar 05was the largestand the mostcomplex Indo-UsNaval Exerciseto date.

Phot

osby

San

jay

Sha

rma

for S

P G

uide

Pub

licat

ions

Per

spec

tive

US

N

SP

Gui

de P

ubln

s

In This Issue

Editorial

INAUGURAL ISSUE

A Quote

Bleed

Trim

a tradition of commitment

Honeywell is a leading global supplier of aircraft components,

engines, safety avionics, and related products and services for

military services, commercial airlines, business and regional

aircraft, and spacecraft.

We are building a world that’s safer and more secure – more

comfortable and energy efficient – more innovative and productive –

and our tradition of commitment continues to fulfill the military missions in India and abroad.

For more information contact us at (011) 4239 9900

or visit www.honeywell.com/sites/india© 2006 Honeywell International Inc. All rights reserved

SP'sLandForces_1_06.indd 3 3/30/06 4:41:44 PM

compete in India. Major American companies likeLockheed Martin, Boeing, Raytheon, etcappeared most enthusiastic to enter the Indiandefence market during their interaction inDefexpo.

One of the largest American defence contrac-tors, Lockheed Martin reportedly joined theIndian Navy’s global bid, offering eight brandnew Orions instead of the used ones. This offerand the unending stream of top level visits bybig bosses of American weapons firms isindicative of the enormous stakes at play for theAmerican arms industry in doing business withthe Indian armed forces. Lockheed Martin hasalso responded to the Navy’s interest in acquir-ing eight MH-60R Sea King Helicopters.

In order to make their offer more attractive, someof the American majors are offering muchimproved product support packages, technologytransfer to Indian industry/ R&D establishments,as also India’s participation in some of their newtechnological development programmes such asBoeing IDS’ Multi-mission Maritime Aircraft pro-gramme (P-8I, a variant of P-8A). It will be inter-esting to see how these will fructify as negotiat-ing these would involve hard bargaining.

Navy to Navy Interaction

In the emerging strategic scenario, primarily gov-erned by terrorist threats, energy security andprotection of sea lanes, it is obvious that navalengagement is bound to be an important aspectof Indo-US strategic partnership. Navy to Navyinteraction in the years ahead, would thereforeneed to be enhanced substantially. The longestcontinuing US-India exercise is the Navy’sMalabar exercise series Malabar 05, the seventhin the series, included aircraft carriers, maritimepatrol aircraft and submarines from both coun-ties. This exercise exemplifies the strong mutualinterest of the two countries in cooperating onmaritime security issues. Conducted fromSeptember 25 to October 7, 2005, the eventinvolved some 9000 sailors, 12 ships and over100 aircrafts and was the largest and most com-plex Indo-US naval exercise to date. For the firsttime, the exercise included Indian and US aircraftcarriers (INS Viraat and USS Nimitz). It is envis-aged that the complexity of future Malabar seriesexercises will substantially increase to bringabout better coordination amongst the twonavies to enable them to work together whenrequired to maintain security on the oceans.

In so far as defence sales are concerned,Indian Navy is currently processing a number ofcases under Foreign Military Sales programme.These include acquisition of LPD, SubmarineRescue Cover (Global Rescue Flyaway kit), SeaKing spares, Goshawk trainers for fighter pilots,

tive has not progressed owing to oppositionfrom countries like Malaysia and Indonesia, it islikely to be reviewed in due course as the oppo-sition to it is withering and the entire SouthAsian region is laying great emphasis on“Operational Solutions to Maritime SecurityProblems”. Indian Navy is going to play a majorrole in addressing this issue.

As an apparent follow-up to RMSI, the US Navyhas mooted an initiative called “RegionalOperational Information Sharing Network,Cooperative Maritime Forces Pacific” and hasproposed Indian Navy’s participation. One canobserve a larger degree of professional under-standing emerging because of the continuedengagement between the navies of the twocountries..

Maritime Co-operative Frameworkon Fast Track

Putting the proposed Indo-US MaritimeCooperation Framework (MCF) on the fast track,US Pacific Fleet Commander, Admiral GaryRoughhead, is expected (around April end, thisyear) to discuss the final modalities with theNavy and Ministry of Defence. His will be one ofthe three high level visits by US four star officers.

As mentioned earlier, the MCF figures promi-nently in the joint statement of March 2006. Itprincipally provides for joint Indo-US maritimeoperations encompassing joint patrolling ofenergy trade routes including Malacca Straits,anti-piracy and other trans-national crimes atsea, search and rescue operation, anti-pollutionat sea and rescue and relief operations duringnatural disasters.

US is keen to get India onboard for energysecurity in the region and sees Indian Navy’sgrowth in capacity as an adjunct to its own pro-gressively swelling operational commitments inSouth Asian waters. Such an agreement wouldbe a logical conclusion to the escort assistanceprovided by the Indian Navy to US merchantvessels passing through the Malacca Straits afew months after the September 11 attack. Both

In This Issue

Editorial

INAUGURAL ISSUE

A Quote


Fresh Tide ...Continued from page 10

Increased level of UScompanies presenceduring Defexpo:Clockwise from top -Raytheon, LockheedMartin, Boeing.

Mr Bush’s visit a glimpse

and long range maritime surveillance aircrafts.In addition, US is engaging the Indian Navy insome of the new development programmes likeMMA, Joint Strike Fighter, anti-submarine war-fare systems, new concepts in propulsion andNCW. It will be interesting to watch how far theUS will go in allowing participation of Indianengineers in the development process to becalled a true partner.

US Security Initiatives

The US had mooted the Regional MaritimeSecurity Initiative (RMSI), in the aftermath of9/11, and the growing incidence of terror inSouth-East Asia. The initiative broadly dealswith naval cooperation through joint patrols,information sharing protocol etc. While the initia-

1 2

3 4

1. President Bush with Lady Laura Bush waving toIndian dignitaries from ‘Air Force One’.2. With Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh and his wife at the airport.3. President to President: Dr Kalam welcoming Mr Bush.4. Dr Condoleezza Rice with Mr Pranab Mukherjee atHyderabad House.

sides have also agreed to address the emerg-ing threats and enhance cooperative capabili-ties, including through logistic support.

Another senior level visit that took place inearly April this year, was that of Commanderof the US Pacific Air Force, General Paul VHester, to be followed by the visit of GeneralPeter Pace, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs ofStaff. It is obvious that both sides have decid-ed to push a busy schedule of top exchangesto keep up a high level of strategic engage-ment while the US Congress scrutinizes theIndo-US Nuclear deal.

Conclusion

While a number of initiatives have been taken inthe recent past, particularly after the signing ofDF in June 2005, success in defence sales, bothin terms of hardware, software and technologytransfer, would go a long way in putting Indo-USrelations on a firm footing. The Indian mind set,in the light of their earlier experiences that USmay not allow adequate technology transfer andthus not bridge the technology gap, has tochange. For this the US and US industry willhave to come more than half way forward. TheIndian industry has matured with sound infra-structure, hardware and a large pool of skilledpersonnel, and is in a position to be an equalpartner of US industry in meeting Indian defenceneeds. It would be most appropriate to tap thisstrength which will bring about inter-depend-ence, greater understanding and hence lastingrelationship - a mutually beneficial situation.

A most significant event that will be closelywatched is the progress on the Indo-US nucleardeal and its passage through the US Congress.It is expected that the most convincing defenceof the deal by Ms Condoleezza Rice during hertestimony to the Senate Foreign RelationCommittee and the US House InternationalRelation Committee would have satisfied mostDoubting Thomases and the deal will get USGovernment approval soon. Any setback wouldobviously have an adverse effect on Indo-USdefence cooperation and defence equipmentsales to India.Ph

otos

byS

anja

yS

harm

a fo

r SP

Gui

de P

ublic

atio

ns

D efexpo 06, the fourth inter-national land and naval sys-tem exhibition, organisedjointly by the Confederation

of Indian Industries (CII) and Indian Ministry ofDefence was held at Pragati Maidan, New Delhifrom January 31 to February 03, 2006 with theobjective of showcasing Indian industrialprowess in the field of defence related technolo-gy & associated infrastructure. The exhibitionalso provided a platform for promoting exportsof products manufactured by Indian defenceindustries and encourage participation of pri-vate sector in defence production. The exhibi-tion received overwhelming response from Indiaand abroad, registering nearly 40% growth overthe last show in 2004 with the number ofexhibitors going up from 350 to 410 and inter-national participants increasing from 180 toaround 220. In addition, 44 official delegationsfrom 37 countries reportedly visited the show.

Inaugural Ceremony

In his inaugural remarks, Mr Arun Bharat Ram,past President CII, highlighted the thrust beinggiven to encourage the private sector participa-tion in defence sector with recently announceddecisions on new procurement procedures andOffset policy by Government of India. Heobserved that the private sector is now playingan increasingly greater role in domestic defenceproduction and striving to achieve global com-petitiveness.

Mr K P Singh, Secretary, Defence Production &Supplies, while acknowledging the overwhelm-ing response to this exhibition, hoped that thisplatform would provide an appropriate forum forthe armed forces, manufacturers, scientists andbusiness delegation to come together for mean-ingful exchange of views and develop futurepartnerships, including joint ventures.

While inaugurating Defexpo - 06, the IndianDefence Minister Mr Pranab Mukherjee statedthat the initiative taken by the CII and theMinistry of Defence in organising the defenceexhibition reflected the synergy that has devel-oped between the government and the industry.

444Number of exhibitors were410 including 220 from abroad.In addition 44 official delega-tions from 37 countries visitedthe show. 333

He also pointed out that the large overseas par-ticipation in the current Defexpo was anacknowledgement of the inevitability of techno-logical interdependence and the need to collab-orate with others and recognise the fact thatIndia was the largest arms importer in 2004.

In his concluding address, Mr Atul Kirloskar,Chairman CII National Committee on Defence,remarked that with Indian companies havingachieved world recognition, the country hademerged as an important international manufac-turing hub. Friendly foreign countries couldtherefore collaborate with them to manufactureand export defence systems for mutual benefit.He acknowledged the efforts of the governmentfor its enlightened policies towards helpingIndian defence industry to grow.

The growing importance of India as a market fordefence products was apparent from the largenumber of the leading global armaments com-

panies led by USA, Israel and Russia, who par-ticipated in Defexpo - 06. In December 2005,India had signed its largest-ever individualdefence deal worth US $3.5 billion to build sixScorpene submarines using the technology andknow-how provided by France’s DCN. India isnow in the market for acquiring/building ships,maritime surveillance aircrafts, submarine res-cue vessels and other assets for surveillancelike UAVs etc. in pursuance of Indian Navy’smodernisation plans. A large number of compa-nies from abroad including Russia, USA, UK,France, Italy and Israel, amongst others, haveshown interest. While the US is aggressivelytrying to tap the huge Indian arms market,Israel has already notched up a large amount inmilitary sales to India over the last three years.Russia, France, UK, Italy are not too far behind.

Indian Companies

The Defence Research and DevelopmentOrganisation (DRDO), alongwith defence PSUs,private sector industrial houses and shipyardsshowcased their impressive range of productswhich have been supplied to their customers inIndia and abroad. The more prominent items ondisplay from DRDO inventory included SSMCruise Missile ‘BrahMos’, a joint venture of


dit

ori

al

INAUGURAL ISSUE

A Quote


In This Issue

Editorial

INAUGURAL ISSUE

A Quote

Defexpo 06 is an acknowledgement of the inevitability of technological interdepend-ence and the need to collaborate with others -Defence Minister Pranab Mukherjee.

Defexpo 06 B Y V I C E A D M I R A L ( R E T D ) P A R V E S H J A I T LY

Sh

ow

Rep

ort 444The more prominent

items on display from DRDOincluded SSM cruise missileBrahMos. 333

3BrahMos at displayduring the event.

EVENT INAUGURATED:3The Defence MinisterMr Pranab Mukherjeewith Mr K P Singh,Secretary DefenceProduction & Suppliesduring the ceremony.

6Mr Mukherjee flankedby Mr M M Pallam Raju,Minister of State forDefence and Mr AtulKirloskar.


Phot

osby

San

jay

Sha

rma

for S

P G

uide

Pub

licat

ions

DRDO and NPO (M), Russia; electronic surveil-lance systems from LRDE Bangalore andNPOL, Kochi; and defence research fuel cellwhich is a 1 KW on-site, silent and continuouspower plant with very low thermal signatures, byNaval Materials Research Laboratory, Mumbai.The development achieved in fuel cell technolo-gy would have applications in Air IndependentPropulsion System proposed to be developedfor submarine applications.

Amongst the public sector giants, BharatElectronics put up a very impressive productrange comprising of combat management sys-tem, radars, sonars, communication and EWsystems together with night vision opto-elec-tronic devices, simulators and fibre-optic baseddigital data transport system. Bharat DynamicsLtd displayed their range of missiles in produc-tion.

From the private sector, Larsen and Toubro,Tata Power Systems and Mahindra DefenceSystems exhibited their products, ranging fromcombat management systems, weapons andlaunchers, power systems, controls andautomation which have been produced by themfor the Indian Navy. The variety of equipment ondisplays amply demonstrated the rapidlyincreasing involvement of private sector in thedefence sector.

The defence shipyard stall evoked a veryencouraging response from visitors from Indiaand abroad because of current work on ship/submarine building being undertaken by theseyards. With more than 27 ships, currently onorder at these yards, there is considerablescope for the industry from India and abroad tobecome an active partner in defence shipbuild-ing. It is also seen that our shipyards are nowpaying a lot more attention to modernising theirinfrastructure to be able to take on increasingwork load in a more efficient manner.

Overseas Presence

While Russian agencies continued to maintainsignificant presence in the exhibition, the inter-est shown by US companies was particularlynoticeable. Due to constantly improving Indo-US relations, there was a large participation ofUS industry with US majors like Lockheed,Martin, Boeing, Raytheon supported byDepartment of Defence.

Thales, DCN and Armaris from Europe,IAI/Rafael from Israel and Department of

Defence, UK made strong presence at the exhi-bition with detailed presentation on Scorpenesubmarine, multi function radar and associatedmissile system being used on the Europeanfrigate programmes.

Russian agencies added a new dimension totheir product support by setting up service cen-tres in India to provide maintenance support forRussian origin inventory in Indian Navy. ROE(India), a joint venture company, set up inMumbai for this purpose, made a forceful pres-entation of their capabilities. It is seen thatincreasing efforts are being made by Russia toimprove on product support aspects by estab-lishing centres like Russian TechnologicalCentre (RTC) at New Delhi and ROE (India) atMumbai, both fully supported byRosoboronexport and Military Technical Agency,Russia.

The large presence of Finmeccanica group ofcompanies at the exhibition gave clear indica-tion of their interest in Indian defence industry.As is known, Fincantieri has already beenawarded a contract for propulsion system inte-gration and consultancy support for the ongoingADS programme. Otto Melara have also showntheir interest in a larger gun for naval ships incollaboration with BHEL, India. It is obviousthat in view of major shipbuilding plans on theanvil, Otto Melara is keen to support thesemodernisation programmes by way of technolo-gy transfer and supply of equipment.

While no major contracts were concluded dur-ing the Defexpo 06, the very presence of alarge number of defence equipment manufac-turers brought out their enhanced interest inentering the defence sector of India. With majorshipbuilding programmes under execution/in thepipeline, there is considerable potential for apartnership between Indian and foreign industryin increasing measures by way of MoU for jointventures and technology transfer with selectedIndian agencies. It was also amply demonstrat-ed that Indian industry is fairly competitive andmaking noteworthy strides towards producingstate-of-the-art products for naval application.


Defexpo 06 ...Continued from page 13

444Russian agencies addeda new dimension to their prod-uct support by setting up serv-ice centres in India. 333

1. Mr Jean-Paul Perrier of Thales group at the stallduring the show.

2. EADS stand being visited by Defence Minister MrMukherjee.

3. This time the level of presence of Armaris andDCN was considerably strong also because of thesuccess they had with the Scorpene deal.

4. Mr Mukherjee being briefed by MBDA delegations

5. Raytheon official addressing media.

6. Mr Anil Shrikhande of Boeing India during hispresentation at the show.

Defexpo 06SP’s Presence

444The Indian defence ship-yards’ participation evoked avery encouraging responsefrom visitors because of cur-rent work being undertaken bythem. 333

1 2

3 4

5 6

1. Mr Jayant Baranwal, Mg Editor - with Mr PranabMukherjee, Defence Minister of India.2. With Mr Naveen Jindal, Industrialist & Memberof Parliament.3. With Mr Shekhar Dutt, Defence Secretary, India.4. With Air Chief Marshal (Retd) S Krishnaswamyand Mr Jean-Paul Perrier of Thales Group (France).

1

2

3

4

Phot

osby

San

jay

Sha

rma

forS

PG

uide

Publ

icat

ions

SP

Gui

dePu

blns


dit

ori

al

INAUGURAL ISSUE

A Quote


In This Issue

Editorial

INAUGURAL ISSUE

A Quote

J oint Stock Company RATEP, headed byMr. Vladimir N. Baibakov, is a member ofAlmaz-Antey Air Defense Concern and is aleading manufacturer of control systems

for sea- and land-based air defense missile andartillery systems.

History of the enterprise traces back to 1938.Within its history the plant’s facilities were usedfor the manufacture, service support and repairof the control systems for air defense missileand artillery systems, passive jamming sys-tems, cruise missiles control units, mainte-nance facilities and training equipment of thecontrol systems, TV observation systems, radarequipment and its spares.

For its contribution to the Russian fleet supportwith complicated electronic systems the plantwas awarded the highest state orders – theOrder of the Red Banner of Labor in 1963 andthe Order of Lenin in 1984.

Laid down directions of activity of JSC RATEP andreached results enable to look into the futurewith confidence. Agreed financial, economicand technical policy enables to preserve leadingposition of the enterprise in Russia on the inter-national naval equipment market.

High quality and reliability of products made byJSC RATEP meets the requirements of mostdemanding customers, as it is ensured by con-siderable experience of work in defense indus-try, modern production facilities, highest scien-tific and industrial potential, skilled personneland advanced technologies which initially wereintroduced with heightened requirements for astable operation of products in the most difficultworking conditions.

Paying considerable attention to control ofproducts’ quality the enterprise possesses allrequired equipment for checking and testingdevices, in particular in emergency situations.The enterprise has introduced a quality man-agement system complying with the GOST R ISO9001 standard and an ecological managementsystem complying with the GOST ISO 14001.

Enterprise has a well-developed service supportnetwork and provides for guarantee- and post-guarantee servicing, repair and upgrade of ear-lier delivered products, supplies spares andrenders assistance in operating deliveredequipment and training personnel.

Having highly intellectual design bureau, brand-new technologies, powerful industrial base,unique testing facilities JSC RATEP does notyield positions and is successfully developing,putting a stake on a long-term mutually benefi-cial cooperation with partners on internationaland internal markets.

Major direction of activity of JSC RATEP is devel-opment and production of radar control systemsfor air defense missile and gun shipborne sys-tems, fire control modules for shipborne decoylaunchers. Considerable practical experienceand availability of well-mastered productionfacilities enable enterprise to implement mostchallenging tasks.

By the Russian Navy request JSC RATEP, in coop-eration with Federal State Unitary EnterpriseAMETIST Design Bureau, produces a family of thePUMA gun fire control systems of the shipborneartillery and non-guided reactive weapons of dif-ferent calibers. The systems can be installed onthe ships of various displacements and providefor radar lock-on and tracking of up to four targetssimultaneously and simultaneous control of sev-eral artillery systems, including those of differentcaliber. The system features a unique ECM immu-nity against background clutter and various kindsof jamming.

The following modifications of the PUMA systemhave been developed:

4The 5P-10E radar control system provides fortarget designation and precise tracking of up to4 targets in the centralized target designationand autonomous all-round search (detection)mode, as well as control of the 25-152 mm cal-iber gun mounts and the 122-300 mm calibernon-guided reactive weapon systems.4The 5P-10-02E radar control system provides fortarget designation and precise tracking in theassigned sector of up to 4 targets in the centralizedtarget designation and autonomous sector searchmode, as well as control of the 25-152 mm calibergun mounts and the 122-300 mm caliber non-guid-ed reactive weapon systems.4The 5P-10-03E radar control system is a light-ened modification with a weight of antenna postof 700 kg. Provides for precise tracking in thecentralized target designation and autonomousall-round search (detection) mode, as well ascontrol of the 30-76 mm caliber gun mounts andthe 122-300 mm caliber non-guided reactiveweapon systems.

Modifications 5P-10E and 5P-10-02E featureradar and opto-electronic channel providing forvisual observation, lock-on and tracking of oneoptically observable target and incorporatingtelevision sight with automatic tracker on angu-lar coordinates and laser range-finder.

Modification 5P-10-03E features radar channeland television-optical sight.

All modifications can be equipped with a sepa-rate opto-electronic module.

All modifications feature high ECM immunityreached by automatic spatio-temporal adapta-tion with application of digital processing ofcoherent radar signals with variable base, aswell as joint employment of radar and opto-elec-tronic channels.

The 3M-47 turret launcher GHIBKA for the IGLA-type portable air defense missile systems isdesigned for defense of surface ships and boatsof low displacement against anti-ship missiles,attacks of aircrafts and helicopters in the supershort-range zone. Currently development of sev-eral modifications of the GHIBKA system is

underway. They differ by a number of launchingmodules and composition of opto-electronicmeans. The GHIBKA can be composed of two orfour launching modules.

The GHIBKA featuring minimal complete set can beinstalled on ships with displacement from 200 t.

The system is equipped with efficient controlmeans. It enables to receive automatically targetdesignation data, to guide turret launcher on tar-get, provide for search, lock-on, tracking of targetand launch of missiles both in manual and auto-matic mode. The GHIBKA system is composed ofturret launcher, operator’s device providing forcontrol of system, and power supply unit.

Each launching module is equipped with twoIgla-S or Igla missiles. Number of simultaneous-ly engaged targets is 1. Mode of fire is consecu-tive (from 1 to 4 missiles) or salvo (2 missiles).The system provides for detection of the aircraft-type target at a range of 20 km.Response time is less than 8 seconds.

In cooperation with the ALTAIR Naval RadioElectronics Research Institute RATEP is engagedin production of the KLINOK shipborne multi-channel all-weather autonomous self-defensemissile-gun system. It is intended to repulsemass raids of low-flying anti-ship missiles,other air attack manned and unmanned means,as well as ships, including ground-effect crafts.The system is capable of detection, without anyassistance, air and surface targets and engage-ment of up to four targets at a time with televi-sion-controlled missiles, vertically launchedfrom transport-launch containers located in theunder-deck launchers consisting of 3-4 moduleswith each of them containing 8 containers withmissiles. On the medium- and large-displace-ment ships 2 to 4 KLINOK systems are installed.Control system of each of them can exercisecontrol of 4 launchers. Multichannel capabilityof the system is ensured by availability ofphased antenna arrays with electronic control ofbeam and fast computing system with devel-oped software. It can rely on the data from theshipborne target designation systems, controlthe 30-mm gun mounts fire to protect the closerange of the engagement envelope from 200 mand on. Combat operation is automated. System

is installed aboard the various-class ships ofmore than 800 tons in displacement, can beoperated in coastal version.

In cooperation with the ALTAIR Naval RadioElectronics Research Institute RATEP is engagedin production of the control subsystems for theSHTIL-1 medium-range air defense missile sys-tems installed on surface ships with displace-ment of 1500 t and more (frigates of project 15,17, 956, 11356 etc.). The SHTIL-1 system pro-vides for collective and individual air defense ofships against ant-ship missiles and aircraftsattacking simultaneously from different direc-tions. Built on the module principle, can beequipped on customer’s request. The SHTIL-1 iscapable of engaging up to 12 targets simultane-ously on the basis of shipborne all-round look-ing radar data.

The KASHTAN air defense missile-gun system,whose radar control system is manufactured bythe RATEP, is intended to defend ships andimportant stationary objects against high-preci-sion weapons (anti-ship missiles and airbombs), aircrafts and helicopters in the supershort-range zone and at extremely low alti-tudes, as well as to engage pinpoint surface tar-gets. The KASHTAN system provides for the highcombat stability due to the application of inte-grated control system (availability of channelsof simultaneous tracking of targets and missilein radar and television-optical modes), com-plete automation of combat work – from detec-tion up to engagement of target.

JSC RATEP is developing and manufacturing afamily of the SMETA-E control modules for the PK-2M series decoy launchers. They provide forfire control of the ZIF-121-02 launchers of the PK-2M shipborne system to protect the ship bymeans of passive jamming to radar, thermal, tel-evision, and visual-optical detection and weaponguidance means of potential enemy. Passive jam-ming is ship-simulating decoys of various physi-cal nature, which are created by special rocketswith time fuses. The system is installed aboardmedium- and large-displacement ships.

Manufactured by the enterprise and supplied to theRussian Navy and abroad weapon systems areadvanced, competitive, and capable of solving suc-cessfully combat tasks in any conditions. RATEP-developed products are operated by the Navies ofSyria, Egypt, Algeria, Indonesia, Libya, Ethiopia,India, China. There are reasons to claim that a clubof countries-customers of the products will bejoined by new members shortly. n

11, Dzerzhinskogo str., 142205, Serpukhov,Moscow Region, RussiaTel.+7-4967-78-64-00Fax:+7-4967-36-63-01e-mail:[email protected]

JSC RATEP on the market of advanced technologies

444Marketing Supplement to SP’s Naval Forces 2/2006 333

5 General Director of JSC RATEP Mr. Vladimir N. Baibakov

5 Antenna post of the A-190E-5P-10Eshipborne universal artillery system

5 The 3M-47 turret launcher GHIBKA for theIGLA-type portable air defense missile systems

5 Antenna post of the KLINOK air defensemissile system

5 The KASHTAN air defense missile-gun system

M aritime power is dynamic and evo-lutionary, constantly adapting tocontemporary realities. The con-cepts of maritime power therefore

require a fresh look from time to time so thatocean governance and management remainrelevant to the challenges at hand. These chal-lenges will become all the more imperative asIndia embraces progressively higher degrees ofliberalisation and integrates with the globaleconomy.

Keeping the contemporary maritime environ-ment as a backdrop, the National MaritimeFoundation held its international seminar on,“Maritime Dimensions of a New WorldOrder”, at India Habitat Centre, New Delhi onFebruary 16 -17, 2006. Speakers included worldrenowned experts such as:

4Dr John B Hattendorf, Chairman of MaritimeHistory Deptt of Naval War College (NWC), US

4Dr Eric Grove, Senior Lecturer, University ofSalford, UK

4Dr Hasjim Djalal, Chairman, FinanceCommittee of International Sea Bed Authority,Indonesia

4Admiral V S Shekhawat, former Chief of theNaval Staff, India

4Vice Admiral John Lockard, President,Precision Engagement and Mobility Systems,Boeing

4Vice Admiral P S Das, former Commander-in-Chief of Eastern Naval Command, India

4Dr Saideh Lotfian, Professor, TehranUniversity and

4Mr Arabinda Acharya, Manager StrategicProjects, Nanyang Technological University,Singapore.

In addition, about 125 officers from the maritimecommunity from India were also present.

Mr I K Gujral, former Prime Minister of India,inaugurated the seminar. Admiral Arun Prakash,Chief of the Naval Staff of Indian Navy, andAdmiral Takashi Saito, Chief of Staff of JapanMaritime Self Defence Force (JMSDF) deliveredthe keynote addresses. The seminar comprisedthree sessions spread over about two days.

Session I: Review of the existing concepts ofmaritime power and their applicability and rele-vance in future.

Session II: Examination of contemporary mar-itime challenges.

Session III: Cooperative ocean managementincluding management of Indian Ocean.

Session I

Maritime Power – A ContemporaryPerspective: In the first paper of the seminar,Dr Eric Grove from University of Salford, UK,examined the classic concepts and constituentsof maritime power, beginning with a re-examina-tion of the thinking of Alfred Thayer Mahan andan investigation of the relationship of merchant

shipping and naval power. He then moved on toinvestigate the contemporary stress on powerprojection against the shore and the relationshipof this thinking to the classical writings ofColomb and Corbett. He concluded that classi-cal concepts of maritime power may be perhapseven more relevant in future decades than theyare today.

444Classical concepts of maritime power may be per-haps even more relevant infuture decades then they aretoday.333

Former Chief of the Indian Naval Staff,Admiral V S Shekhawat, highlighted thatunlike threats to national security from land-wards, which usually emanate from neigh-bours, threats from the sea are difficult toanticipate because of the nature, reach, flexi-bility and mobility of naval forces. An inimicaldistant naval power, if it gains access to basesin the Indian Ocean, can rapidly alter thestrategic balance against Indian interests, evenif it does not have the resources of a super-power. History has shown that nations havingsubstantial interests in the seas need to havethe capability to protect them against threatswhich may seem nebulous in tranquil times.India will thus have to review its maritimeforces and infrastructure so that it can meetthe nation’s security requirements effectively inthe future.

Dr John B Hattendorf from the US NWC saidthat it was clear that the functioning of the glob-al world economy, for which the term globalisa-tion was just shorthand jargon, was fundamen-tally a maritime economy in its base. Naviesaround the world had a fundamental role to playin maintaining and defending this global econo-my as a shared system for the peaceful enjoy-ment of the world’s resources. If globalisationwas to endure and grow to its full potential in

the long-term future, every individual navywould eventually need to define its role in termsof a maritime strategy and a wider concept ofthe role of the seas to individual nations and tothe global community.

Session II

Maritime Challenges: The second sessionbegan with an examination of the impact oftechnology on maritime power. Vice AdmiralJohn A Lockard from Boeing highlighted thatmost successful and significant technologyadvancements have featured two commoncomponents: a fusion of complementary tech-nologies and a synthesis of strong leadership.

Rear Admiral O P Sharma brought out thelegal challenges. He emphasised that therewere several instances of ambiguous solutionsin the UNCLOS, and where ambiguities pre-vailed, the meaning of the provisions of theConvention would evolve from state practice. Hefurther postulated that where provisions wereeither non-existent or outdated, there was con-siderable room for differences of opinion andhence scope for jeopardising the security envi-ronment of the oceans.

444There was much appre-hension that terrorists couldteam up with pirates to hi-jacka commercial vessel or acruise liner and use it as afloating bomb.333

Captain Ryuzo Sakata from the JMSDF high-lighted that in many cases the legal and juris-dictional positions of navies and national mar-itime law enforcement agencies remainedunclear, making cooperation difficult to achieveeven as it was becoming increasingly neces-sary both at the national and international lev-els. Concerted efforts to close this gap was oneof the most important challenges that needed tobe addressed by maritime forces.

Dr Arabinda Acharaya from Institute ofDefence and Strategic Studies, Singaporeargued that of late there had been a growingconcern about the possibility of a ‘maritimespectacular’ by the terrorists in Southeast Asianwaters. There was much apprehension that ter-rorists could team up with pirates to hijack acommercial vessel or a cruise-liner and use itas a floating bomb to ram against a maritimetarget to cause widespread death and destruc-tion, or sink a big ship in a chokepoint in theStraits of Malacca to disrupt global trade andcommerce. The possibility of Al Qaeda and/orits associate groups smuggling a crude nuclear

In This Issue

Editorial

INAUGURAL ISSUE

A Quote


The concepts of maritime power require a fresh look from time to time so that ocean governance andmanagement remain relevant to the challenges at hand.

Seminar on Maritime Dimensions of A New World Order * C O M M A N D E R D C H A K R A B O R T Y

Re

po

rt

Editors Note: The National Maritime Foundation (NMF) was established on February 15, 2005. The Foundation plans to be a maritime think-tank.Its charter includes promotion of awareness and informed public debate on the importance of the maritime dimension, conducting studies andresearch spanning the entire spectrum of maritime interests of India, suggesting suitable options in the formulation of the national security strategy,examining maritime cooperation issues including confidence building measures, and finally, study of India’s maritime heritage.

Clockwise from top left:

Mr I K Gujral, formerPrime Minister of India,addressing the audienceafter inaugration.

Admiral Arun Prakash,Indian Naval Chief, deliv-ering the keynoteaddress.

Mr Gujral with AdmiralSaito, Japanese Chief ofMaritime Self DefenceForce. Vice Admiral Bedi,Vice Chief of Indian Navyand Vice Admiral Nayyarof National MaritimeFoundation look on.


*The writer is a Research Fellow in National Maritime Foundation.

NM

F

NM

F

NM

F

or radiological device into a hijacked ship orloading it into a container and setting it off in aport city, shipping lane or waterway had alsoemerged as a possible doomsday scenario.There however appeared to be no consensusamong regional governments on how best tocounter this threat. While they recognised thattreatment of the issue as a mere law enforce-ment problem could be inadequate, consensuson a framework for a multilateral, collaborativeapproach appeared to elude them. Proposalssuch as the Regional Maritime Security Initiative(RMSI) had generated much skepticism andhad been rejected by some of the members ofASEAN. At the same time, the possibility ofdealing with maritime threats within the frame-work of ASEAN Security Community (ASC) orby the ASEAN Peace Keeping Force alsoseemed remote as the proposals put forward byIndonesia appeared to be non-starters.

Session III

Cooperative Ocean Management: Beginningthe concluding session, Vice Admiral P S Das,former Commander-in-Chief of EasternNaval Command, India postulated that inrecent years, non-traditional threats at sea werebecoming more threatening even as convention-al military threats from nation states had notdisappeared. While the latter could be coun-tered by maintaining dissuasive maritime capa-bilities, the former were more diffused andrequired a different kind of approach. He saidthat the North Indian Ocean region was particu-larly susceptible to such threats. Piracy, smug-gling of drugs and maritime terrorism fell intothis category. These crimes were transnationalin nature and could only be countered throughcoordination and cooperation between the par-ties concerned, both external to the region andlittoral to it. For effective cooperation, mutualtrust and confidence were important. As a majormaritime force in the region, and with substan-tial interests at sea, India had a responsibilityand needed to play a proactive role.

Dr Hasjim Djalal from Indonesia argued thateven as the process of building up naval powerhad continued with different degrees inSoutheast Asia, the spirit of promoting securityby developing cooperation among the countries

in the region had also shown substantialprogress in recent years. Some of this spirit hadtaken the form of formality through the variouspolicies and activities of ASEAN like formulationof ASEAN Security Community (ASC), ASEANEconomic Community (AEC), ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community (ASCC), ASEAN RegionalForum (ARF), ASEAN-EUROPE Meetings(ASEM), East Asian Summit (EAS), and others.The countries in Southeast Asia were alsoattempting to broaden the notion of security toinclude “comprehensive security” by emphasis-ing the building up of cooperation and harmonyin regional relations rather than the building upof military capability, and by focusing on com-mon economic and social progress rather thanon deadly competition.

Dr Saideh Lotfian from the University ofTehran brought out that Persian Gulf had drawnthe attention of the world’s major powers as a“sea of troubles” with a great potential to desta-bilise the international system. She said that theregional states had not paid sufficient attention toformulating a long-term strategic policy for themaritime security of this geo-strategically vital600-mile-long body of water. The most significantissues that could become a source of conflictbetween the nine Persian Gulf states includedterritorial disputes over strategic islands, attacksby state-sponsored international terrorists andsmugglers, unfair exploration of shared oil andgas resources, presence of foreign military forcesand the closure of Strait of Hormuz. The speakeralso offered some speculative remarks on theprospects for creation of an all-encompassingand viable Persian Gulf security system.

In the final paper of the seminar, Vice AdmiralA R Tandon, Visiting Lecturer at Military,Police and Civil Institutes of learning, India,postulated that effective management of theIndian Ocean region had to be done by theregional powers. Amongst these, there was littledoubt that India had to be a key player given itslocation, vast maritime interests, large navy anda sizeable coast guard.

It is hoped that the policy options for the futurethat emerged from the seminar, would helpIndia focus its efforts and attain its rightful placein the new international maritime order.


dit

ori

al

INAUGURAL ISSUE

A Quote


In This Issue

Editorial

INAUGURAL ISSUE

A Quote

Seminar on Maritime Dimensions of a New World Order ...Continued from page 16

T he Varuna series of joint exercisesbetween the Indian and the Frenchnavies commenced in 2001 and havegrown in scope and complexity over

the years. The exercises have been hugely suc-cessful in facilitating mutual learning, interoper-ability and improving bilateral relations betweenthe two navies. The eighth Indo-French jointexercise was held off the west coast, near Goa,from March 27 to April, 2006.

The Indian Navy fielded aircraft carrier Viraatalongwith her air group, guided missiledestroyer Mumbai, guided missile frigatesGomati and Betwa, fleet replenishment tankerAditya and submarine Shankul; under the com-mand of Rear Admiral Anup Singh, FlagOfficer Commanding Western Fleet. The IndianAir Force also participated with Jaguar andCanberra aircraft. The French task force wasunder the command of Rear Admiral XavierMagne and consisted of nuclear propelled air-craft carrier Charles de Gaulle with her airgroup, guided missile destroyers Cassard andMontcalm, fleet replenishment tanker Somme,

Varuna 06Indo-French Joint ExerciseR

ep

ort nuclear powered submarine Saphir and mar-

itime patrol aircraft Atlantique-II. In confor-mance with French Navy’s practice, one RoyalNavy frigate, Lancaster also took part in theexercise.

One of the major thrust areas was dissimilarair combat between Indian Navy’s Sea Harrieraircraft, and Rafale and Super Etendards ofthe French Navy. Other aspects that wereexercised was fleet air defence, intermediateand advance anti-submarine warfare, maritimeinterdiction operations, visit, board, search andseizure (VBSS) procedures and tacticalmanoeuvres. Some of the ‘firsts’ of the exer-cise were the coordinated operations of Viraatand Charles de Gaulle, firing on aerial targets,cross deck operations by Indian Navy’s SeaHarriers from the deck of Charles de Gaulleand participation by the Indian Air Force.Successful completion of ‘Varuna 06’ is a sig-nificant indicator of the growing cooperationbetween India and France.

Clockwise from top left:French Puma in flight, while others wait(Indian Kamov and Sea Harriers) onboardINS Viraat. Sea Harrier awaits its turn asPuma flies. French fleet replenishmenttanker Somme (left) and INS Betwa duringthe exercise. Puma overflying INS Viraat.

444AppointmentsMr M M Pallam Raju Takes Overas Minister of State for Defence. Mr M Mangapati Pallam Raju tookover as the new Minister of State forDefence, on February 1, 2006. Mr

Raju has served on the Board of Directors of AirIndia and Indian Airlines, from 1994 to 1997. n

Mr Rao Inderjit Singh Takes Overas Minister of State for DefenceProduction. Mr Rao Inderjit Singh has taken overas the new Minister of State forDefence Production, on February 1,

2006. Mr Singh has been the Union Minister ofState for External Affairs, earlier.n

New Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief(FOC-in-C) of Western Naval CommandVice Admiral S S Byce has taken over as FOC-in-C

of Western Naval Command on 28th Februarysucceeding Vice Admiral Madanjit Singh. AdmiralByce, an anti-submarine warfare specialist, wasDy Chief of the Integrated Defence Staff(Operations and later on policy Planning andForce Development).n

New Commander-in-Chief (C-in-C) of Andaman & NicobarCommandVice Admiral Arun Kumar Singh hastaken over as C-in-C of Andaman &Nicobar Tri-Services Command on

28th February. Prior to this, Admiral Singh wasDirector General, Coast Guard.n

New Director General (DG) of Coast GuardDr Prabhakaran Paleri has taken over as the newDG of Coast Guard on 28th February. Prior tothis, he has been the Dy Director General.n

Indi

an N

avy

and tracking, detection ofstealth targets having a crosssection below 0.1 metre squareis a very important feature inthis radar.

Captas Nano: Latest SurfaceShip Anti-SubmarineWarfare Sonar from ThalesThales, a world leader in thedesign and development of lowfrequency active variable depthsonars (LFA-VDS) has developeda compact and light weight LFA-VDS called Captas Nano whichcan be installed on the widestrange of ships. Its design fea-tures a horizontal transmit arrayand a linear receive array, all ina single tow with fully automaticdeployment and recovery.

I ndian defence shipyards viz.Mazagaon Dock Ltd (MDL),Mumbai, Garden ReachShipbuilders and Engineers Ltd

(GRSE), Kolkata, and Goa ShipyardLtd (GSL) have a number of ships at variousstages of construction.

MDL launched the first of the class of follow-onships under Project 15A on March 30, 2006.Named ‘Kolkata’ after the great India city thatonce served as the capital of undivided India,Kolkata displaces 6,800 tons and is 163 meterslong. The ship is propelled by four gas turbinesand can achieve speeds in excess of 30 knots.This indigenously designed ship will have state-of-the-art weapons and sensors, stealth fea-tures, an advanced action information system, acomprehensive auxiliary control system and asophisticated power distribution system,amongst other advanced features.

‘Kolkata’ has the distinction of being the firstIndian built destroyer to be fitted with the super-sonic BrahMos surface-to-surface missile, inaddition to a vertical launch long range surface-to-air missile system. The ship will also pioneerthe Indian Navy’s foray into sophisticated con-

formal array multi-function radar system, MF-Star. The launch of ‘Kolkata’ is yet another mile-stone in Indian Navy’s relentless march towardsacquiring blue water capabilities.

GRSE has maintained its hectic pace of ship-building activities with the launch of anotherLST (large), the last of the three follow-on shipsordered by Indian Navy, on March 27, 2006.Named ‘Airvat’, it will be an amphibious warshipcarrying armoured tanks, army vehicles andtroops. The ship, 125 meters long, has a deepdisplacement of 5,600 tons and is capable ofachieving a speed of 10 knots. The ship hasseveral state-of-the-art features in her equip-ment fit and is also provided with helicopterstaging facilities to embark MK-42C Sea Kinghelicopter or the indigenously built Dhruv. Theshipyard recently completed construction of twofast attack craft (FAC) which were commis-sioned in January/ February 2006. It is of inter-est to note that GRSE has concurrent construc-tion of LST (L), FAC and ASW corvette beingprogressed presently in the yard.

Goa Shipyard’s order book comprises offshorepatrol vessels for the Navy and the CoastGuard.


In Brief

Northrop Grumman demon-strates Global Hawk mar-itime surveillance capabili-tiesNorthrop Grumman recentlydemonstrated a new integratedsensor suite to support high-altitude maritime surveillancemissions by the RQ-4 GlobalHawk Maritime DemonstrationUnmanned Aerial system.During tests it tracked a ship orpinpointed a buoy at 60,000feet altitude at various seastates. Surveillance over theocean is much more difficultthan over land because there isa moving object like a ship witha moving background of thesea. The sensor’s ‘mode’ abilitywas demonstrated successfullywhen the Global Hawk flew backover land and operators wereable to switch its sensors frommaritime mode to overlandmode. The integrated sensorsuite was designed and built byRaytheon Space and AirborneSystems.

Remotely Operated Vehicle(ROV) for StrickenSubmarinersThe experience of the rescue ofthe Pritz A S-2S mini submarineby a Royal Navy ROV, which wasairlifted from UK to Russian FarEast during August last year,

has made the Russian Navy optfor the state-of-the-art PantherPlus electric powered ROV ofBritish company Seaeye Marine.Seaeye’s Moscow basedRussian partner, Tetis Pro willintegrate the Panther Plus con-trol system and other topsideequipment into custom

designed containers. Seaeyefirst worked with Tetis and theRussian Navy following theKursk submarine disaster withthe delivery of 7 smaller inspec-tion / observation class TigerROV’s that are currently opera-tional with each of the Russianfleets.

Smart-L Multibeam 3D Radarfrom HollandThales Nederland BV, a Dutcharm of French group Thales, hasdeveloped 3D long range sur-veillance radar based on digitalbeam forming-on-receive thatmakes this radar one of the firstoperational system based onsuch a procedure. Smart-L is pri-marily a hands-off automatic

system with only one mode ofoperation. The Smart-L radarsystem is using a planar array of24 horizontally aligned strip-slines. The beam shape anddirection in the horizontal direc-tion are fixed with respect to thearray. In the elevation direction,digital beam-forming, ‘onreceive’, is implemented, basedon the 24 horizontal striplines.Beam patterns are formed bymeans of high power phaseshifters. The antenna structureis rotated mechanically andbeam stabilisation is carried outelectronically. The functionalityof the system includes (hover-ing) helicopter detection andclassification and jammingdetection and measurement.Apart from long range detection

Panther Plus ROV

Weight-0.5 ton.Sonar and acoustic tracking system.Full suite of colour and low light black and white video cam-

eras.Fitted with two manipulators, an 8 inch rotary disc cutter and a

hydraulic guillotine cutter to cut upto 38 mm wire rope and assistwith debris clearance.

Has capability of inserting emergency life support stores.Fitted with a tether management system which acts as a sub-

sea garage for the ROV.

News from Shipyards

Ind

us

try

India’s defence budget allocations for thecurrent fiscal year i.e. 2006-07 have beenpegged at Rs 89,000 crores (approx US $20billion). This shows a marginal increasefrom the last year’s allocation which initial-ly stood at Rs 83,000 crores (approx US$19 billion), but later revised downwards,to approximate Rs 81,500 crores (approxUS $18.95 billion). While the Army gets thelion’s share at Rs 42,720 crores – 48%, (US$9.9 billion) and the Air Force gets Rs24,920 crores – 28% (US $5.7 billion), the

Navy share amounts to Rs 16,020 crores-28% (US $3.7), an increase of nearly Rs2,000 crores (US $465 million) from therevised estimate of 2005-06. The DefenceResearch Development Organisation(DRDO) gets Rs 5,340 crores – 6% (US $1.2billion) of the budgeted amount.

The proposed budget for 2006-07 stands at2.4% of GDP which is still a far cry for thedesirable 3%.

Indian Defence Budget: 2006-07

Service-wise Share of Defence Budget

Army

Navy

Air Force

*US $1= Rs 43 (approx) : 1 crore =10 million

2006-07 2005-06

46.72%

27.94%

17.32%

47.95%

26.28%

17.33%

Likely Changes in India’sScorpene Deal and itsImplicationsIndia and France signed a con-tract for construction of six SSKScorpene class ultra-quietdiesel-electric submarines inIndia under Project-75, worth US$ 3.5 billion on October 06,2005. It is now understood thatthe Indian Navy wants the lastthree submarines to includeDCN’s Mesma Air-independentPropulsion (AIP) systems whichwill change their designationfrom CM-2000 to AM-2000.

A thought: The reason for thischange is that it will provideScorpene the ability to operateunderwater for about 18 days,depending upon variables likespeed, etc. as compared to 4-6days with the current propulsionsystem. However the AIP is not inthe same class as SSN nuclearsubmarine. Each Mesma Systemcosts around US $50-60 millionas it requires adding a new 8.3metre hull section to the subma-rine which weighs 305 tons. TheMesma AIP fitted submarine willbe about 70m long and displace1,870 tons. Pakistan’s 3rd subma-rine of Khalid class (Agosta 90 B)will also be equipped with it.

Combined Task Force 150(CTF 150) to be Commandedby an Islamic Country for theFirst TimeMultinational naval CTF 150 is animportant part of ‘OperationEnduring Freedom’, the US ledcoalition operation against AlQaeda and connected terror net-work. It is for the first time thatan Islamic country will be in con-trol when Pakistan takes over thisnaval unit from the Dutch on April24, 2006. The unit was set upsoon after 9/11 attacks and has

3 different views: MDL haslaunched the first of the classof follow-on ships underProject 15A on March 30,2006, namely ‘Kolkata’.

Indian Navy increased outlay this year (9%increase in capital and 6% increase in rev-enue) will help it clear the outstandingexpenditures and get on with some of themodernisation plans. In so far as the com-mitted liabilities are concerned, thesewould include expenditure on projects likeacquisition of Gorshkov, construction ofScorpene, modernisation of submarinesand aircraft and other ongoing shipbuildingprogrammes. About Rs 250 crores (US $58million) is expected to be spent on landacquisition and construction. Amongst thenew schemes under the capital outlay, theacquisition of aircraft, frigates and otherequipment for modernisation of ships andsubmarines are likely to consume majorportion of the allocation.

Indian Navy has a very good tack record inmanagement of its budget in the last fewyears whereby allocations have been fullutilised. The allocation may have to bereviewed and revised depending upon theprogress made in the acquisition processin respect of new schemes.

MD

L

SP

Gui

de P

ubns


Managing Editor and PublisherJayant Baranwal

Senior Editorial AdviserVice Admiral P Jaitly

Senior Group EditorLt General Naresh Chand

Contributing EditorsLt General P K PahwaLt General V K KapoorAir Marshal V K Bhatia

CONTRIBUTORS

IndiaVice Admiral P J JacobVice Admiral R B SuriRear Admiral Raja MenonDr W Lawrence Prabhakar

EuropeDoug Richardson, AndrewBrookes (UK)

USA & CanadaLon Nordeen (USA), Anil R Pustam (West Indies)

West Asia/AfricaHelmoed R Heitman (SouthAfrica)

Chairman & Mg DirectorJayant Baranwal

DesignMisha Oberoi Chakravarty

Published quarterly by JayantBaranwal on behalf of SP GuidePublications P Ltd. All rightsreserved. No part of this publica-tion may be reproduced, storedin a retrieval system, or transmit-ted in any form or by any means,photocopying, recording, elec-tronic, or otherwise without priorwritten permission of thePublishers.

Printed in Indiaby Pragati Offset

© SP Guide Publications,2006

Subscriptions &Advertising Details may beacquired from the contactinformation below:

SP GUIDE PUBLICATIONSPVT LTD

POSTAL ADDRESSPost Box No 2525, New Delhi 110 005, India

CORPORATE OFFICEA 133 Arjun Nagar, Opp Defence Colony, New Delhi 110 003, IndiaTel: +91 (11) 24644693,24644763, 24620130Fax: +91 (11) 24647093

REGD OFFICEFax: +91 (11) 23622942Email: [email protected]

REPRESENTATIVE OFFICES

BANGALORE, INDIA:(Air Marshal B K Pandey) 534, Jal Vayu Vihar,Kammanhalli Main Rd., Bangalore 560043, India.Tel: +91 (80) 23682534

GENOVA, ITALY:Ediconsult Internazionale,(Dr Vittorio Negrone)Piazza Fontane Marose, 3,16123 Genova, Italy.Tel: +39 (010) 583 684, Fax: +39 (010) 566 578

MOSCOW, RUSSIA:LAGUK Co., Ltd.(Mr Yuri Laskin) Krasnokholmskaya, Nab.,11/15, app. 132, Moscow 115172, Russia.Tel: +7 (095) 911 2762, Fax: +7 (095) 912 1260

www.guidepubl icat ions.com

SP's Naval ForcesSP's Naval Forces

I n T h i s I s s u e

Ed

ito

ria

l

INAUGURALISSUE

A QuoteI s s u e 1 2 0 0 6 4 V o l 1 N o 1

SP’s has always been known for the new begin-nings as the Founder Publisher Shri S PBaranwal introduced Military Yearbook in 1965,continuing with the same SP’s introduced SP’sAviation in 1998; then SP’s Land Forces (1st jour-nal of its kind from the whole of Asia) in 2004.Following the tradition of introducing focused plat-forms thus aiming to fill the void in the market,SP’s now offers SP’s Naval Forces to India’s

state-of-the-art Navy.

Admiral Arun Prakash, Chief of Naval Staff (CNS) and his officehave been very supportive towards this new endeavour and SP’s feel dulyhonoured and rather committed due to such response.

The inaugural issue includesan exhaustive interview thathas been conducted with theCNS. It includes a variety ofperceptions, views comingfrom the Admiral, therefore aneducative piece for its valuablereaders. The journal with pleas-ure includes a very exhaustiveand interesting article on AirOperations at Sea by the CNS,

that illustrates evolution of naval aviation.

Indian Navy has been the most inter-operable service from India which dulyreflects in the series of joint exercises that have been taking place with coun-tries like France, United States, Russia and so on. The journal makes anattempt to cover such interactive gestures in an illustrative manner. This issuealso touches upon the upcoming mega event i.e. President’s Review to beheld in February first half this year.

An article on Scorpene Construction Programme by Vice Admiral (r) P Jaitlydiscusses the relevant implications of 6 submarines’ contract that has beensigned between India and France, as to how it will enable the sustainability ofexpertise with defence public sectors and also offer a range of opportunitiesto private sectors in India.

Indian Navy has been known for its key role towards disaster management inthe country and in the region. The journal has covered a seminar held recent-ly which was chaired by Indian Defence Minister, Mr Pranab Mukherjee, Chiefof the Naval Staff and various heads of Disaster Management Committee.Also covered are the evolution of the Indian Navy and its initiatives towards itsrelationship with various countries and the Indian Coast Guard’s relentlessefforts to meet the Marine environmental security needs, etc.

The layout of the journal has been designed keeping the aspirations of Navyin mind and the blue water ambitions of this forceful service. We do hope thatour readers would enjoy reading.

This is a beginning... and we intend to consistently evolve and thereforerequest our readers to send us their views, comments and suggestions. Sothe anchor has been weighed and we are over the waters to sail.

JAYANT BARANWAL

MANAGING EDITOR & PUBLISHER



SP’s team with CNS on 18th November,2005 after the interview.

So, my main thrust areas have been - networking,transformation, foreign co-operation and indigenisation.I hope that they will be sustained over the comingyears to the benefit of our service and our country...

“”

“We have a vital stake in the security ofthe sea-lanes to our East and West. TheIndian Navy therefore must expand itscapability to protect the sea-lanes.”

Dr Manmohan Singh Prime Minister of India

Air Operations at Sea 4 page 8

ScorpeneConstructionProgramme4 page 4

India’s EvolvingMaritime Profile andStrategy4 page 12

95

SP’s Naval Forces (SP’s NF): Has BoeingIDS all the permissions towards exportlicensing/ technology sharing aspectsof its ongoing MMA project, particularlyin the context of India and its Navy?

Mr Rick Buck (RB): The Boeing Companyhas all of the necessary licenses inplace to offer the Indian Navy a variantof the US Navy’s P-8A Multi-missionMaritime Aircraft known as the P-8I.

SP’s NF: How does MMA respond to thecompetition from the same country theprogramme belongs to? Particularly therecent most development of 'brand newOrions' offer'.

RB: We recognise Lockheed Martin as aformidable competitor, but Boeing hasoffered an all new, state-of-the-art air-craft that will meet or exceed all themaritime requirements of the IndianNavy.

SP’s NF: MMA being an ongoing proj-ect, and the programme yet to beproven operationally, which all factors -please advise - would duly supplementand endorse that in the event IndianNavy goes for this programme, itsrequirements of MPA will be well met?

RB: Boeing has proposed a unique sys-tem specifically tailored to the uniqueneeds of the Indian Navy that willenhance the Indian Navy’s capability inanti-submarine and anti-surface war-

fare. The increased range, speed, radiusof action and advanced combat powerof the P-8I will meet or exceed therequirements of the Indian Navy.

SP’s NF: Some instances which canreinstate the Boeing's commitment interms of after sales, technology-relatedissues, spare parts may please be elab-orated.

RB: The Boeing Company stands behindits products providing total life cyclesupport. An advantage of the P-8 vari-ant for the Indian Navy is that Boeingalready has a well established world-wide spare parts distribution system inplace for the more than 5,000 737snow in service which negates the needfor a customer to make a large upfrontinvestment in spares.

SP’s NF: In which all manners Indiawould benefit, if it partners in MMAprogramme? Some elaboration.

RB: India as a whole would benefit fromthe increased maritime security provid-ed by a state-of-the-art anti-submarinewarfare/anti-surface warfare, surveil-lance and reconnaissance weapon sys-tem. The interoperability with the USNavy, and mission synergies would be along-term benefit for both the IndianNavy, and the US Navy. Indian industrywould greatly benefit from extensiveindustrial participation and technologysharing that will take place over thetotal life cycle of the programme.

SP’s NF: What exact effectiveness andthe advantages are offered throughabout 250+ workforce software divisionworking continuously in conjunctionwith MMA programme? How would thearchitectural aspect or the otheraspects not be affected in the event ofany potential hostile bug which cansupposedly cause damage if implanted?

RB: The mission system softwaredesigned for the US Navy’s P-8A ishighly complex. The mission systemsoftware open architecture that we aredeveloping is the most advanced in theworld and a truly unique feature of thisaircraft. This advanced system is pro-tected by all the robust and proventechnologies associated with protectingsoftware and systems from outsideinterference or intrusion.

SP’s NF: Schedule of delivery. Besides,some indications towards what edgeand value Boeing does offer in terms ofpricing factor versus the other competi-tions to India and how MMA could be abeneficial proposition 'per-se' forIndian Navy?

RB: Boeing has all of the capability andcapacity needed to deliver the eightlong-range maritime reconnaissanceand anti-submarine warfare aircraft tothe Indian Navy over a period of fouryears as required. We think the P-8 isan affordable solution for the IndianNavy that offers significant savings overthe total lifecycle of the aircraft.

SP’s NF: Is ‘direct commercial sale’proposition a safer route for India, acountry which otherwise has had somebitter experiences in the past. Andtherefore feels FMS brings in certainattached reliability factor in terms of

governmental approvals/ various clear-ances, concrete endorsements from theservices belonging to US towards thetechnicality of the programmes, etc. Ifyes, how and if beneficial, why?

RB: A direct commercial sale (DCS) is asale made by a US company directly toan international customer. Under DCS,the buyer engages directly in contractnegotiations and programme manage-ment decisions with a US supplier ormanufacturer. DCS agreements areappropriate when a government isseeking licensed production of a prod-uct or when military requirements dif-fer significantly from standard US con-figurations. The Indian Navy and theUS Navy are better positioned toanswer questions about the advan-tages of DCS or Foreign Military Salesprocurement.

SP’s NF: Some technical comparisons ofMMA versus competition, would enablegreater understanding.

RB: It would be inappropriate to specu-late on how the P-8I compares to theproducts offered by our competitors.We believe the US Navy selected the P-8A because of its superior capabilities,and reliability over current legacy mar-itime patrol aircraft. We believe thesesame characteristics will be advantagesfor us in the competition in India.

The Indian Navy has issued a Global RFPfor its maritime patrol aircraft require-ments.

Background of requirement: Consideringthe enormity of threat of terrorism atsea, India has been requested by coun-tries in the South East Asian region toplay a major policing role in the regionto counter the increased terrorist threataround Straits of Malacca and the sealanes around Indonesia. This area servesas a chokepoint for a significant percent-age of global shipping. Apart from polic-ing duties in the region, India has a

7,516 km long coastline, 1,197 islandsand a two million square kilometre EEZwhich also requires patrolling. At pres-ent Indian Navy has about 20 Dornieraircraft, Searcher MK II and Heron UAVs,8-10 ultra long range TU-142 Bear air-craft and 3 remaining IL-38 May mar-itime surveillance aircraft. Dornier 228and UAVs have limited range and TU-142 Bear is obsolete - unless upgraded.Thus, if India has to fulfil its role as aregional naval power, it needs to acquirestate-of-the-art maritime surveillanceaircraft with longer ranges. Apart frompolicing the eastern region, India is also

interested to counter piracy policing onthe East African Coast in cooperationwith Mozambique. Recent hijacking of anIndian merchant ship off the coast ofSomalia highlights the problem.

The RFP was understandably sent to thecompanies including the following:

4Boeing for Multi-Mission MaritimeAircraft (MMA)4Lockheed Martin for Orion4Rosoboronexport for possibly IL-38May and TU-142 Bear4Dassault for Falcon 900MPA4Embraer (P 99)

The companies such as Boeing,Lockheed Martin both from US, Embraerfrom Brazil and others have eitherreportedly responded to the RFP withtheir proposals or are in the process ofsubmitting their proposals. So far theUS majors are concerned, whileLockheed Martin has come up with thefresh offer of brand new Orions, theBoeing has proposed India to partner inthe ongoing MMA programme. It isunderstood that Dassault Aviation fromFrance has also been working activelyon the proposal offering Falcon 900Maritime Patrol Aircraft.

Request for Proposal (RFP) by Indian Navy for Maritime Patrol Aircraft

5Mr Pranab Mukherjee, Indian Defence Minister handed overINS Tillanchang, a fast attack craft built by Garden ReachShipbuilders & Engineers (GRSE) to Maldives SecurityService (April 15-17). The ship was renamed as ‘Huravee’after a Maldivian hero and freedom fighter.

EXCLUSIVE with Boeing IDS

In an Exclusive with SP’s NavalForces, Mr Rick Buck, the ProgrammeManager of P-8 InternationalProgrammes in Boeing’s IntegratedDefense Systems Division, respondsto following questions in the contextof their proposal they have submit-ted, during 2nd week of April, toIndian Navy in response to their RFPfor MPA:

or transport personnel andweapons. Its secondary aim is toinvolve countries in the regionwith CTF 150. This is however asensitive issue for most Islamiccountries due to domestic poli-tics and Pakistan’s taking overCT 150 represents a big steptowards this goal.

since been under the commandof the Dutch. It has a large areaof responsibility that includesthe Strait of Hormuz, territorialwaters of Pakistan, Red Sea, Gulfof Aden and southwards toKenya and the Seychelles. Itsmain task is to prevent terroristsusing the sea to launch attacks

Boe

ing

SP GUIDEPUBLICATIONS

SP's Naval Forces 02-2006

Documents

Transcript of SP's Naval Forces 02-2006