Sprawl
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Transcript of Sprawl
Sprawl
Rocking the Suburbs © Ben Folds
What is the American Dream?
Sprawl
General definition of term:
“To spread out in an awkward or uneven way, esp. so as to take up more space than is necessary”1
Urban SprawlSprawl:
The increased use of urbanized land by fewer people than in the past.
• Traditional cities were compact and efficient, but over the past 30-50 years, the density of land used per person has decline drastically.
• Although the U.S. population grew by 17 % from 1982 -1997, urbanized land increased by 47 % during the same 15 year period.2
• The developed acreage per person has nearly doubled in the past 20 years, and housing lots larger than 10 acres have accounted for 55 percent of land developed since 1994, according to the American Farmland Trust.
Suburban Sprawl
Little Boxes- Theme song
Far From All Amenities
The Grid System
High dependency on vehicles (to get to work, school, store, etc.)
Low physical activity
Anti-social
– Leapfrog, scattered development
– Car-centered
– Workplace, homes and shopping centers isolated3
•Occurs when large, continuous forests are divided into smaller blocks, either by roads, clearing for agriculture, urbanization, or other human development
•Increased fragmentation due to urban development poses a threat to biodiversity primarily in animal populations, as their habitats are chopped up (fragmented) into smaller and smaller pieces
Forest Fragmentation
Why sprawl?• Population expansion
• Urban flight
• “American Dream”
• Financial incentives
- Low mortgage rates
- New development apparently cheaper than redevelopment
• Businesses left cities
• Highway system
Social Impacts of Sprawl• Increased traffic• Sedentary lifestyle
– Greater time spent commuting – Less active lifestyle– Neighborhoods have less
sidewalks, accessible activities, nothing in walking distances
• Greater isolation• Growth into urban-wildland
interface• Less community structure• Economic impacts of services
Health Impacts of Sprawl Obesity, overweight from decreased exercise
Cardiovascular disease, diabetes High blood pressure, hypertension Immune function, susceptibility to pathogens
Respiratory diseases
Vector-borne diseases
Motor vehicle–pedestrian, bicyclist fatalities
Contaminants in runoff; turbidity and pathogen risks
Isolation and depression / social capital
Ecological Effects of Sprawl
• Loss of open space
• Loss of contiguous habitats
• Increase in lower quality habitats, decreased habitat structure
• Contaminants in ecosystem
• Changes in watershed patterns
• Decreased air quality impacts on plant growth and function
Financial Impacts of Sprawl
• Existing residents subsidize new development and growth
• Expansion beyond planning capacity (schools, roads, emergency, utilities, water and sewer lines, infrastructure)
• Costs of maintenance
• Developers benefit
Commuter traffic
More oil (gas).. More pollution… Social Barriers….
New Urbanism
News Broadcast Explanation:
New Urbanism
Interactive site for kids
Increased:
• Connectedness
a) Interconnected street grid reduces traffic
b) Promotes walking, biking, etc.
•Sustainability
• Walking distance to amenities
-Pedestrian friendly
-no necessity further than a 10-15 min walk (including work and school)
• Social interaction
• Diversity (eventually)
SimCity
http://simcity.ea.com/play/classic/index.html
http://www.download.com/Sim-City-2000/3000-7480_4-10246048.html
http://www.download.com/SimCity-Societies-demo/3000-7480_4-10853476.html
Sources1 "Sprawl." YourDictionary.com. 2009 . LoveToKnow, Corp.. 9 Mar 2009
<http://www.yourdictionary.com/sprawl>.
2 LaGro, James A. Jr.. "Population growth beyond the urban fringe: implications for rural land use policy." Elsevier Science B.V Vol 28, issue 2-302 July 2002 143-158 . 9 Mar 2009.
3 Pallant, Eric. “Impacts of Sprawl.” Allegheny College, Meadville, PA. Fall 2008. <http://webpub.allegheny.edu/dept/envisci/ES110/archives/ppts/ES110_08F_ImpactsOfSprawl.ppt>