Sport development legacies from major events: Legacy by osmosis?
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Transcript of Sport development legacies from major events: Legacy by osmosis?
Danya HodgettsInstitute for Social Science and Health Research
CQUniversity
Sport development
legacies from major
events
Legacy by osmosis?
Dr Mitch Duncan, CQUniversity
Prof Kerry Mummery, University of Alberta
Sport development
Need for increased sport participation to
address inactivity and obesity
Increasing pressure to deliver broader social
outcomesCoalter 2007; United Nations, 2003
Sporting events are attracting increased
attention and government resources
Event impact and legacy
Events have an effect on tourism and
economic, physical and environment,
social and cultural, and development of the
sport itselfAllen et al. 2005; Cashman 2002
Not sufficient evidence available to confirm
or refute increased participation levels
resulting from Olympic GamesVeal & Toohey 2005, Weed Coren Fiore 2009
Event leveraging
Trickle down benefits from the Olympics
are not automaticHindson et al., 1994: 22
Link between $ and medals, but not
medals and participationHogan and Nortan 2000
Benefits occur through an actively
leveraged processChalip, 2004
os·mo·sis noun (äs mō′sis, äz-)
Transport of a
substance across
a cell membrane
by diffusion;
expenditure of
energy is not
required.
Photo courtesy of Harvie Alison Photography
Photo courtesy of Harvie Alison Photography
Methods
Statistical analysis of membership
1990 – 2010 where possible
Data was examined at: Club (Scarboro)
Metropolitan (Perth)
State (Western Australia)
Variables
Membership
Active
Junior
Total
Training
Surf Rescue Certificate
Bronze Medallion
Championship
Entries
Pointscore
Entries: Pointscore
Accreditation
Coach
Official
Sotiriadou et al., 2008; Cashman, 2002
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
160001991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
20
00
2001
20
02
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Acti
ve M
em
bers
hip
Year
NSW
Qld
Vic
WA
Tas
Analysis
State CategoryUnadjusted†
β B p
Western
Australia
Active 0.78 1049.19 <.001***
Junior 0.77 2561.35 <.001***
Total 0.81 7121.38 <.001***
Analysis
State CategoryUnadjusted† Adjusted‡
β B p β B p
Western
Australia
Active 0.78 1049.19 <.001*** 0.10 131.52 .32
Junior 0.77 2561.35 <.001*** 0.15 510.38 .29
Total 0.81 7121.38 <.001*** 0.05 428.63 .79
Analysis
State CategoryUnadjusted† Adjusted‡
β B p β B p
Western
Australia
Active 0.78 1049.19 <.001*** 0.10 131.52 .32
Junior 0.77 2561.35 <.001*** 0.15 510.38 .29
Total 0.81 7121.38 <.001*** 0.05 428.63 .79
Queensland Active 0.14 172.38 .57 -0.47 -592.60 .15
Junior 0.82 3997.58 <.001*** 0.34 1638.14 .003**
Total 0.76 9413.21 <.001*** -0.01 -112.06 .95
New South
Wales
Active 0.79 4321.85 <.001*** 0.07 377.96 .66
Junior 0.61 8969.02 .006** -0.40 -5892.20 .016*
Total 0.72 19815.15 <.001*** -0.07 -1877.48 .07
Victoria Active 0.76 1949.50 <.001*** -0.26 -66.83 .80
Junior 0.72 3567.40 .001** -0.18 -893.46 .24
Total 0.75 10105.08 <.001*** -0.02 -1877.48 .07
Tasmania Active 0.66 102.31 .002** 0.29 44.77 .36
Junior 0.84 366.00 <.001*** 0.24 101.99 .46
Total 0.91 808.83 <.001*** 0.56 496.82 .010*
South
Australia
Total 0.83 2488.60 <.001*** 0.20 596.15 .37
Analysis
Results - Membership
Queensland Junior
1638 (β=0.34, F(5,13)=89.54, p=.003)
New South Wales Junior
-5892 (β=-0.40, F(5,13)=44.53, p=.016)
Tasmania Total
497 (β=0.56, F(5,13)=16.69, p=.01)
Scarboro SLSC Total
-158 (β=-0.35, F(5,13)=48.30, p=.039)
Results - Training
New South Wales Bronze
715 (β=0.57, F(6,13)=12.51, p=.022)
Victoria Bronze
405 (β=0.50, F(6,13)=15.19, p=.033)
Results - Championship
Competitor entries
Western Australia
667 (β=1.23, F(6,8)=42.251, p=<.001)
South Australia
-292 (β=-2.24, F(6,8)=7.095, p=.018)
Metropolitan Western Australia
406 (β=0.75, F(6,2)=202.21, p=.032)
Pointscore
Western Australia
290 (β=0.82, F(1,8)=50.826, p=.033)
Results - Accreditation
Queensland Coach Accreditation
138 (β=0.89, F(1,9)=33.626, p=<.001)
Photo courtesy of Harvie Alison Photography
Discussion
Photo courtesy of Harvie Alison Photography
Conclusion
References Allen, J., O'Toole, W. J., McDonnell, W., & Harris, R. (2005). Festival and special event management (3rd ed.).
Queensland, Australia: John Wiley and Sons.
Calder, A. (2004). Work, rest and fatigue: survey of Surf Life Saving Officials at the National Championships in 2003.
Officiating Australia, 4(1), 7.
Cashman, R. (2002). What is "Olympic Legacy?". Paper presented at the The Legacy of the Olympic Games 1984 -
2000, Lausanne.
Chalip, L. (2004). Beyond impact: a general model for sport event leverage. In B. Ritchie & D. Adair (Eds.), Sport
Tourism: interrelationships, impacts and issues (pp. 226 - 252). Clevedon, UK: Channel View Publications.
Coalter, F. (2007). London Olympics 2012: `the catalyst that inspires people to lead more active lives'? The Journal of
the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health, 127(3), 109-110. doi: 10.1177/1466424007077342
Hindson, A., Gidlow, B., & Peebles, C. (1994). The "trickle-down" effect of top-level sport: myth or reality? A case-study
of the Olympics. Australian Journal of Leisure & Recreation, 4(1), 16-24, 31.
Sotiriadou, K., Shilbury, D., & Quick, S. (2008). The attraction, retention/transition, and nurturing process of sport
development: some Australian Evidence. Journal of Sport Management, 22(3), 247-272.
SportScotland. (2004). Curling success and its impact on participation. Research Report No. 92 Retrieved August 23,
2010, from
http://www.sportscotland.org.uk/ChannelNavigation/Resources/TopicNavigation/Collections/Research/Curling+success
+and+its+impact+on+participation.htm
United Nations. (2003). Sport as a means to promote education, health, development and peace Retrieved May 31,
2010, from http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N03/453/21/PDF/N0345321.pdf?OpenElement
Veal, A. J., & Toohey, K. (2005). Sport for All & the Legacy of the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games. Paper presented at the
Third International Event Management Research Conference, Sydney.
Weed, M., Coren, E., & Fiore, J. (2009). A systematic review of the evidence base for developing a physical activity and
health legacy from the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games: Centre for Sport, Physical Education and Activity
Research. Canterbury Christ Church University.