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[email protected] CN. [email protected] Computer NEtwork ► A computer network, often...
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Transcript of [email protected] CN. [email protected] Computer NEtwork ► A computer network, often...
Computer NEtworkComputer NEtwork
► A computer network, often simply referred A computer network, often simply referred to as a network, is a collection of computers to as a network, is a collection of computers and devices connected by communications and devices connected by communications channels that facilitates communications channels that facilitates communications among users and allows users to share among users and allows users to share resources with other users. resources with other users.
►Networks may be classified according to a Networks may be classified according to a wide variety of characteristics. wide variety of characteristics.
► This article provides a general overview of This article provides a general overview of types and categories and also presents the types and categories and also presents the basic components of a network.basic components of a network.
PurposePurpose
► Facilitating communications. Using a Facilitating communications. Using a network, people can communicate network, people can communicate efficiently and easily via e-mail, instant efficiently and easily via e-mail, instant messaging, chat rooms, telephony, video messaging, chat rooms, telephony, video telephone calls, and videoconferencing.telephone calls, and videoconferencing.
► Sharing hardware. In a networked Sharing hardware. In a networked environment, each computer on a network environment, each computer on a network can access and use hardware on the can access and use hardware on the network. Suppose several personal network. Suppose several personal computers on a network each require the computers on a network each require the use of a laser printer. If the personal use of a laser printer. If the personal computers and a laser printer are connected computers and a laser printer are connected to a network, each user can then access the to a network, each user can then access the laser printer on the network, as they need it.laser printer on the network, as they need it.
►
► Sharing files, data, and information. In a Sharing files, data, and information. In a network environment, any authorized user network environment, any authorized user can access data and information stored on can access data and information stored on other computers on the network. The other computers on the network. The capability of providing access to data and capability of providing access to data and information on shared storage devices is an information on shared storage devices is an important feature of many networks.important feature of many networks.
► Sharing software. Users connected to a Sharing software. Users connected to a network can access application programs on network can access application programs on the network.the network.
Network classificationNetwork classification
► Connection methodConnection method► Computer networks can be classified according to the hardware and Computer networks can be classified according to the hardware and
software technology that is used to interconnect the individual software technology that is used to interconnect the individual devices in the network, such as optical fiber, Ethernet, Wireless LAN, devices in the network, such as optical fiber, Ethernet, Wireless LAN, HomePNA, Power line communicationHomePNA, Power line communication
► Wired technologiesWired technologies► Twisted pairTwisted pair, , Coaxial cableCoaxial cable, , Optical fiberOptical fiber ► Wireless technologiesWireless technologies
Terrestrial Terrestrial MicrowaveMicrowave – – Communications Communications SatellitesSatellites Cellular and PCS SystemsCellular and PCS Systems – – Wireless LANsWireless LANs – – BluetoothBluetooth – – The Wireless WebThe Wireless Web – –
► ScaleScale► Functional relationship (network architecture)Functional relationship (network architecture)
Network topologyNetwork topology
ScaleScale► Networks are often classified as Networks are often classified as ► local area network (LAN), local area network (LAN), ► wide area network (WAN), wide area network (WAN), ► metropolitan area network (MAN), metropolitan area network (MAN), ► personal area network (PAN), personal area network (PAN), ► virtual private network (VPN), virtual private network (VPN), ► campus area network (CAN), campus area network (CAN), ► storage area network (SAN), storage area network (SAN), ► and others, and others, ► depending on their scale, scope and purpose. depending on their scale, scope and purpose.
Usage, trust level, and access right often differ Usage, trust level, and access right often differ between these types of network. For example, LANs between these types of network. For example, LANs tend to be designed for internal use by an tend to be designed for internal use by an organization's internal systems and employees in organization's internal systems and employees in individual physical locations (such as a building), individual physical locations (such as a building), while WANs may connect physically separate parts while WANs may connect physically separate parts of an organization and may include connections to of an organization and may include connections to third parties.third parties.
► LAN - Local Area Network LAN - Local Area Network ►WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network ►WAN - Wide Area Network WAN - Wide Area Network ►MAN - Metropolitan Area Network MAN - Metropolitan Area Network ► SAN - Storage Area Network, System Area SAN - Storage Area Network, System Area
Network, Server Area Network, or Network, Server Area Network, or sometimes Small Area Network sometimes Small Area Network
► CAN - Campus Area Network, Controller Area CAN - Campus Area Network, Controller Area Network, or sometimes Cluster Area Network, or sometimes Cluster Area Network Network
► PAN - Personal Area Network PAN - Personal Area Network ►DAN - Desk Area Network DAN - Desk Area Network
►LAN and WAN were the original LAN and WAN were the original categories of area networks, while the categories of area networks, while the others have gradually emerged over others have gradually emerged over many years of technology evolution. many years of technology evolution.
► Other Types of Area NetworksOther Types of Area Networks► While LAN and WAN are by far the most popular While LAN and WAN are by far the most popular
network types mentioned, you may also commonly network types mentioned, you may also commonly see references to these others: see references to these others:
► Wireless Local Area NetworkWireless Local Area Network - a LAN based on - a LAN based on WiFi wireless network technology WiFi wireless network technology
► Metropolitan Area NetworkMetropolitan Area Network - a network spanning - a network spanning a physical area larger than a LAN but smaller than a a physical area larger than a LAN but smaller than a WAN, such as a city. A MAN is typically owned an WAN, such as a city. A MAN is typically owned an operated by a single entity such as a government operated by a single entity such as a government body or large corporation. body or large corporation.
► Campus Area NetworkCampus Area Network - a network spanning - a network spanning multiple LANs but smaller than a MAN, such as on a multiple LANs but smaller than a MAN, such as on a university or local business campus. university or local business campus.
► Storage Area NetworkStorage Area Network - connects servers to data - connects servers to data storage devices through a technology like Fibre storage devices through a technology like Fibre Channel. Channel.
► System Area NetworkSystem Area Network - links high-performance - links high-performance computers with high-speed connections in a cluster computers with high-speed connections in a cluster configuration. Also known as Cluster Area Network. configuration. Also known as Cluster Area Network.
►Computer networks may be classified Computer networks may be classified according to the functional according to the functional relationships which exist among the relationships which exist among the elements of the network, e.g., elements of the network, e.g., active networkingactive networking, client-server and , client-server and peer-to-peer (workgroup) architecture. peer-to-peer (workgroup) architecture.
Types of networksTypes of networks
► Personal area networkPersonal area network► Local area networkLocal area network► Home area networkHome area network► Campus area networkCampus area network► Metropolitan area networkMetropolitan area network► Wide area networkWide area network► Global area networkGlobal area network► Virtual private networkVirtual private network► InternetworkInternetwork► InternetInternet► Intranets and extranetsIntranets and extranets
Basic hardware componentsBasic hardware components
►Network interface cardsNetwork interface cards►RepeatersRepeaters►HubsHubs►BridgesBridges►SwitchesSwitches►RoutersRouters
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