SPM9539: Economy, Ecology and Technology of networked ... · Tire (100Kt/yr) Sewer sludge (36Kt/yr)...
Transcript of SPM9539: Economy, Ecology and Technology of networked ... · Tire (100Kt/yr) Sewer sludge (36Kt/yr)...
March 8, 2006
Vermelding onderdeel organisatie
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SPM9539: Economy, Ecology and Technology of networked industrial complexesWeek 5 – course 1: Industrial Ecology
Gerard Dijkema
Faculty of Systems Engineering, Policy Analysis and Management. Department of Energy & Industry
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Industrial Ecology (1)
A system that: "would maximize the economical use of waste materials and of products at the ends of their lives
as inputs to other processes and industries.“ Frosch, 1992
"One of the most important concepts of industrial ecology is that, like the biological system, it rejects the concept of
waste.“ Graedel and Allenby, 1994
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Industrial Ecology (2)
Industrial ecology (IE) encompasses the following concepts:
• material and energy flow studies ("industrial metabolism").
• eco-industrial parks ("industrial symbiosis").
• life-cycle planning, design and assessment.• dematerialization and decarbonisation.• design for the environment ("eco-design").
• extended producer responsibility ("product stewardship").
• product-oriented environmental policy
Process
Product
Actor
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Types of industrial ecosystems
Macro: Industrial processes as a whole:• Local, Regional, National, Global.
Meso: Sector interrelationships:• The Eco-Industrial Park.
Micro: Individual consumer/producer behavior:• Industrial Symbiosis.
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Economic benefits of IE
Generic hidden resource productivity gains:• Within firm:
• eliminating waste• Making plant more efficient
• Within value chain: • reducing costs • Synergies between production and distribution
• Beyond production chain: • closed loop• Eco-Industrial parks and inter-firm relations
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Economic benefits for companies
• Cost Savings & Enhanced Competitiveness.• Revenue Generation.• Reduced Liabilities.• Improved Opportunities for Investment.• Access to New Technology.• Improved Human Resources.• Revenue Generation.• Enhanced Public Image.• Market Leader.
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Community economic benefits
• Improved business attraction, expansion, & retention?• Local import substitution?
• Depends on prices?• See our ‘bio food’.
• Brownfield redevelopment.• Reduced infrastructure development costs?• Improved quality of life.
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Environmental benefits
• Reduced greenhouse gas emissions• Reduced air emissions & improved community health• Promotion of pollution prevention & the 4 R’s (Reduce,
Reuse, Recycle, Recover)• Improved resource conservation• Promotion of green technology• Increased environmental awareness• Regeneration of green space
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Barriers to IE development
• Suitability of materials to reuse.• High cost of recycling (internalise negative externalities).• Information barriers (must set up reciprocal
relationships between sectors).• Organizational obstacles.• Institutional Barriers (need fiscal and regulatory
government intervention).• Most theories are prescriptive / wishful thinking.• Economics of production prevail over green imago.
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Relieve barriers
Some of the barriers may be lifted by:• Providing subsidies to mitigate negative externalities.• Creating organisations primarily concerned with
information sharing on IE.• Defining a long term sustainable industrial policy on
(pan) national level.• Public can demand more sustainable production
methods (increase green imago significance)• … Many others may be thought of…
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Eco-Industrial development?
“The creation of job opportunities through industrial expansion, especially in economically distressed communities, by applying principles
of industrial ecology, establishing eco-industrial parks, and expanding use of environmentally benign manufacturing
processes and techniques.”
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Eco-Industrial park (1)
• An industrial park that is designed to increase the economic return at the same time it decreases it’s ecological impact.
• Models in use:• By-product synergy.• Resource recovery park.• Green technology park.• “Resource circulating economy”.• Application of eco-industrial strategies, such as:
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Eco-Industrial park (2)
An industrial park developed through the application of eco-industrial strategies such as:
• Waste heat recovery.• Cogeneration.• By-product exchange.• Green building development.• Creation of new eco-industrial industries and
businesses.
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Eco-Industrial park prerequisites
• Material, water, and energy flows.• Companies within close proximity.• Strong informal ties between plant managers.• Minor retrofitting of existing infrastructure.• One or more anchor tenants.
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By-product exchange (1)
Municipal Recovery Facility
Ethanol Production
Furniture Factory
Particle Board Factory Recycled Paper
Manufacturer
WastePaper
Scrap Wood Sawdust
Aquaculture Biomass
Cogeneration Facility
SteamSteam
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By-product exchange (2) Ethanol By-Products:
LigninGypsum
Yeast
Ethanol Plant
Major Inputs:
• Agricultural residues or Wood wastes
• Sulfuric Acid
• Steam from a Cogeneration Facility
Potential Exchange Partners:
Wallboard Manufacturer
Animal Feed Manufacturer
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Industrial symbiosis: Kalundborg
Saves resources:• 30% better utilization of fuel using combined heat +
power than producing separate• Reduced oil consumption• 3500 less oil-burning heaters in homes• Does not drain fresh water suppliesNew source of raw materials• Gypsum.• Sulfuric acid.• Fertilizer.• Fish farm.
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Industrial symbiosis: Kalundborg
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The future of industrial ecology?
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Vermelding onderdeel organisatie
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Community revitalization and eco-industrial developments in Duluth-Superior lake area
Project by and Slides fromSangwon Suh, Ph.DUniversity of [email protected]
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EIP benefits
• Provide the member facilities a renewed ‘reason’ to be there.
• Reduce raw material procurement and waste treatment costs.
• Integrate the member facilities within themselves and with the local community and the local government.
• Obvious environmental benefits
• GD: focus on ‘local community’
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EIPs locations in the US
PCSD Demo Sites
Other EIPs
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Community revitalization plan
• Eco-Industrial Development (EID) as a mean for community revitalization• Governors and Congresses of Minnesota and
Wisconsin• Mayors of Duluth and Superior• Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA)• University of Minnesota, University of Superior-Lake• Department of Energy (DOE)
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Duluth-Superior Lake
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Duluth-Superior Lake
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Duluth-Superior Lake Area
• Population
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020
Year
Popu
latio
n
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Duluth-Superior Lake Area
• Industry• Traditionally: a renowned international harbor
• Main export items: mining products, timber, agricultural and wood products
• <GD: Forest-Based Industry / Pulp & Paper>• Main import items: motor vehicle, manufacturing
products• Today:
• Military equipments, mining industry, University, water transportation
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Community revitalization plan work flow
• Governors and Mayors expressed their supports• State congresses have discussed related legislative
issues• Integrated biorefinery project is identified as the first
milestone• Regional EID center is established and recognized by
the two State governments
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Integrated Biorefinery project
• Work flowLocation searchDesign team meetingBusiness plan set upEstimate budget requirementsArrange necessary legal issuesContractor search / negotiation / constructionTest operation / full operation
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Location search
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Location search
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Location search
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Neighboring facilities
Main facilityMain facility
z
Cement kilnCement kiln
Grain processingGrain processing
WastewaterWastewaterTreatmentTreatment
zMurphyMurphyOil companyOil company
zJeff FosterJeff FosterTruckingTrucking
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Location search
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Location search
• Area photo
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Location search
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Location search
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Location search
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Gasification-ethanol production combined cycle
Tire (100Kt/yr)Sewer sludge (36Kt/yr)
Demo deb (80Kt/yr)
Water
Natural Gas
HT steam
100MW elec.
Bio-ethanolproduction
Ethanol
Murphy
30 million $
3 million $ (tipping)
6 million $
20 million $
purificationHeavy metalsand residues
LT steam
Black water(to be recycled)
Bottom ashSlag
HT syngas
HT steam
Quenching chamber
Oxygen
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Pressing process
Grinding Forming Pressing
Cutting and finishing
Desk top
Door cores
Room dividers
Paper sludge
Cardboards
Water Elec.
water
Heat
steam
0.5 million $ 0.5 million $ 0.25 million $
0.25 million $
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Combined process
Grinding Forming Pressing
Cutting and finishing
Desk topDoor cores
Room dividers
Paper sludgeCardboards
Water Elec.
water
Heat
steam
Hydroponic greenhouse
Tire (100Kt/yr)Sewer sludge (36Kt/yr)
Demo deb (80Kt/yr)
Water
Natural Gas
HT steam
100MW elec.
Bio-ethanolproduction
Ethanol
Murphy
30 million $
3 million $ (tipping)
6 million $
20 million $
purificationHeavy metalsand residues
LT steam
Black water(to be recycled) Bottom ash
HT syngas
HT steam
Quenching chamber
Distilled spirit
2MW
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Integrated Biorefinery project
• Inputs• Waste tires• Wood processing wastes• Demolition debris • Paper mill sludge• Wastewater treatment plant wastes
• Useful outputs• Ethanol (64 mil gallon per year = c.a. 20 mil $ p.a.)• Electricity (6 mil $ p.a.)• Heat and Steam• Composite wood products (3 mil $ p.a.)• Tomato• Waste treatment services
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Design choices: spatial configuration
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Budget requirements
• A first step for community revitalization• Cost estimates
Core refinery process 150 mil $Railroad arrangement c.a. 30 mil $Shoreline reconstruction c.a. 100 mil $Greenhouse c.a. 1.5 mil $Press and others c.a. 1 mil $Total c.a. 230 mil $Total direct investment c.a. 153 mil $
• Expected investment recovery time: 5 - 6 years (c.f. > 15 years)
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Expected impact on the regional development
• Low cost electricity supply to the region• Low cost ethanol supply to the region• Low cost waste treatment option• A new gateway that connects inland water, road and
railroad transportation• New center of the region’s logistics hub - energy
production - waste treatment• A vital step toward the EID of the region• A symbol for biorefinery-based EID