2006/3

Section ABahagian A

[28 marks][28 markah]

Answer all questionsJawab semua soalan.

1. A student carries out an experiment to investigate the relationship between the length of air column, l, andthe temperature, θ, for a fixed mass of air. The air is trapped by concentrated sulphuric acid in a capillarytube. Diagram A shows the thermometer and capillary tube tied on a metre rule. The sealed end of the capillary tube is placed at the zero mark on the scale of the ruler.Seorang murid menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji hubungan antara panjang turus udara, l, dengan suhu, θ, bagi satu jisim udara tertentu.Udara tersebut terperangkap dalam tiub rerambut oleh asid sulfurik pekat. Rajah A menunjukkan termometer dan tiub rerambut diikat pada pembaris meter.Hujung tertutup tiub rerambut diletakkan pada tanda sifar skala pembaris.

Diagram ARajah A

 The thermometer and capillary tube are placed into a beaker filled with water. The arrangement of the apparatus is shown in Diagram B.Termometer dan tiub rerambut dimasukkan ke dalam bikar yang berisi air. Susunan radas ditunjukkan pada Rajah B.

Diagram BRajah B

Ice cubes are put into the beaker until the temperature, θ, reaches 0 °C. The actual reading of the lengthof the air column, l, is shown in Diagram D. Then the beaker is heated until the temperature, θ, reaches 20 °C.Ketulan ais dimasukkan ke dalam bikar itu sehingga suhu, θ, mencapai 0 °C. Bacaan sebenar panjang turusudara, l, ditunjukkan pada Rajah D. Kemudian bikar itu dipanaskan sehingga suhu, θ, mencapai 20 °C.

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The actual corresponding reading of the length of the air column, l, is shown in Diagram E. The procedure of the heating process is repeated with temperatures, θ = 30 °C, 40 °C, 50 °C, 60 °C and 70 °C.The actual corresponding readings of the lengths of the air column, l, are shown in Diagram F, G, H, I and J.Bacaan sebenar panjang turus udara, l, yang sepadan ditunjukkan pada Rajah E. Prosedur proses pemanasan diulangi dengan suhu, θ = 30 °C, 40 °C, 50 °C, 60 °C dan 70 °C.Bacaan sebenar panjang turus udara, l, yang sepadan masing-masing ditunjukkan pada Rajah F, G, H, I dan J.

(a) For the experiment described above, identify:Bagi eksperimen yang diterangkan di atas, kenal pasti:(i) The manipulated variable

Pembolehubah dimanipulasikan

Temperature,θ [1 mark]

[1 markah] 

(ii) The responding variablePembolehubah bergerak balas

The length of the column of air, l [1 mark]

[1 markah] 

( ii)The constant variablePembolehubah dimalarkan

Pressure of the trapped air/diameter of the capillary tube[1 mark]

[1 markah] 

(b) (i) Diagram C shows the meniscus of the concentrated sulphuric acid inside the capillary tube.Rajah C menunjukkan meniskus asid sulfurik pekat di dalam tiub rerambut.

Diagram CRajah C

 State the correct position of the eye while taking the reading of the length of the air column.Nyatakan kedudukan mata yang betul semasa mengambil bacaan panjang turus udara.

The eye must be at a position which is level with the top section of the meniscus of the trapped air column

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[1 mark](ii)

Diagram D                                                                 Diagram ERajah D                                                                   Rajah E

Diagram F                                                                    Diagram GRajah F                                                                       Rajah G

Diagram H                                                                  Diagram IRajah H                                                                      Rajah I

Diagram JRajah J

Based on Diagrams D, E, F, G, H, I and J, determine the length of air column, l, and their corresponding temperatures, θ.Berdasarkan Rajah D, E F, G, H, I and J, tentukan panjang turus udara, l, yang sepadan dengan suhu, θ.Tabulate your results for θ and l in the space below.Jadualkan keputusan anda bagi θ dan l pada ruang di bawah.

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[5 marks]

(c) On the graph below, plot a graph of l against θ.Pada kertas graf di bawah, lukiskan graf l melawan θ.

[5 marks] 

(d) Based on your graph, state the relationship between l and θ.Berdasarkan graf anda, nyatakan hubungan antara l dengan θ.

l increases linearly with θ.[1 mark] 

(e) State one precaution that should be taken to obtain the accurate readings of l.Nyatakan satu langkah berjaga-jaga yang perlu diambil untuk mendapatkan bacaan l yang jitu.

The capillary tube and ruler must be parallel/ The trapped air column must be fully immersed in water.[1 mark]

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2. A student carries out an experiment to investigate the relationship between the potential difference, V, across a filament bulb and the current, I, flowing through it. The results of the experiment is shown in the graph of V against I as in Diagram below.Seorang murid menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji hubungan antara beza keupayaan, V, merentasi suatu mentol filamen dengan arus, I, yang mengalir melaluinya. Keputusan eksperimen ditunjukkan oleh graf Vmelawan I pada Rajah di bawah.

(a)Based on the graph in Diagram below, determine the value of V when I = 0.2 A.Show on the graph, how you determine the value of V.Berdasarkan graf pada Rajah di bawah, tentukan nilai V apabila I = 0.2 A.Tunjukkan pada graf itu bagaimana anda menentukan nilai V.

V = 2.92 V

[2 marks] (b)Ohm’fs law states that the potential difference across a conductor is directly proportional to the current

flowing through the conductor. Based on the statement above, determine the range of the current that obeys the Ohm’fs Law. Show on the graph how you determine the range of the current.Hukum Ohm menyatakan bahawa beza keupayaan merentasi suatu konduktor berkadar langsung dengan arus yang mengalir melalui konduktor tersebut. Berdasarkan pernyataan di atas, tentukan julat arus yang mematuhi Hukum Ohm. Tunjukkan pada graf itu bagaimana anda menentukan julat arus.

Ohm’s law is obeyed from I = 0 to I = 0.14 A.[2 marks] 

(c)The gradient of the graph represents resistance. State how resistance varies with current.Kecerunan graf mewakili rintangan. Nyatakan bagaimana rintangan berubah dengan arus.

When the current increases, the resistance increases.[1 mark]

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(d)The electric power, P, used by the bulb is given by the formula P = I2 m, where m is the gradient of the graph.Kuasa elektrik, P, yang digunakan oleh mentol diberi oleh rumus P = I2 m, dengan keadaan m ialah kecerunan graf.

(i) 

Calculate the gradient, m, when I = 0.2 A.Show on the graph how you determine m.Hitung kecerunan, m, apabila I = 0.2 A.Tunjukkan pada graf itu bagaimana anda menentukan m.

Gradient

[4 marks]Graph of l against θGraf l melawan θ

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 (ii)Calculate the value of P when the current I = 0.2 A. Use

Hitung nilai P apabila arus I = 0.2 A.

P = (I)2 m = (0.2)2 (21.67) = 0.87 W

[2 marks][2 markah]

 Graph of V against IGraf V melawan I

DiagramRajah 

 (e)State one precaution that should be taken to improve the results of this experiment.

Nyatakan satu langkah berjaga-jaga yang perlu diambil untuk memperbaiki keputusan eksperimen ini.

Ensure all the connections in the circuit are tight.[1 mark]

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Section BBahagian B

[12 marks][12 markah]

Answer any one questionJawab mana-mana satu soalan.

3. Diagram A shows two wooden tops. One of the tops is partly coated with tin. Both tops are the same sizeand are rotated with the same velocity. Diagram B shows the top which is partly coated with tin able to spin longer.Rajah A menunjukkan dua buah gasing kayu. Satu daripada gasing itu, sebahagiannya bersalut timah. Kedua-dua gasing itu sama saiz dan diputarkan dengan halaju sama. Rajah B menunjukkan gasing kayu yang sebahagiannya bersalut timah itu dapat berputar lebih lama.

 Diagram A/Rajah A                                                    Diagram B/Rajah B

 Based on the above information and observation:Berdasarkan maklumat dan pemerhatian di atas:

(a) State one suitable inference.Nyatakan satu inferens yang sesuai.

The time taken for the body to stop spinning is influenced by the mass.[1 markah] 

(b) State one suitable hypothesis.

The bigger the mass is, the longer the body will spin. [1 markah] 

(c) With the use of apparatus such as a hacksaw blade, plasticine and other apparatus, describe an experiment framework to investigate the hypothesis stated in (b).Dengan menggunakan radas seperti bilah gergaji, plastisin dan lain-lain radas, terangkan satu rangka kerja eksperimen untuk menyiasat hipotesis yang anda nyatakan di (b).

In your description, state clearly the following:Dalam penerangan anda, jelaskan perkara berikut:

(i) Aim of the experiment.Tujuan eksperimen.

To investigate the relationship between mass and period of oscillation.

 

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(ii) Variables in the experiment.Pembolehubah dalam eksperimen Variables:            Manipulated : The mass of the plasticine            Responding : The period of oscillation            Constant : The length of the hacksaw blade/ the number of oscillations

(iii)List of apparatus and materials.Senarai radas dan bahan. Hacksaw blade, stopwatch, plasticine and G-clamp

(iv)Arrangement of the apparatus.Susunan radas.

 (v) The procedure of the experiment which include the method of controlling the manipulated variable

and the method of measuring the responding variable.Prosedur eksperimen termasuk kaedah mengawal pembolehubah dimanipulasikan dan kaedah mengukur pembolehubah bergerak balas.

State the method to control the manipulated variable – Plasticine with a mass of 50 g is clamped to the end of the hacksaw blade.. – The blade is displaced horizontally and released, and a stopwatch is started simultaneously.         State the method to measure the responding variable– The time taken for 20 complete oscillations is recorded.– The period of oscillation is calculated – Repeat the experiment at least 4 times.– Repeat the previous steps, but change the mass of the plasticine to 100 g, 150 g, 200 g and 250 g.

 (vi) The way you would tabulate the data.

Cara anda akan menjadualkan data.

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(vii)The way you would analyse the data.Cara anda akan menganalisis data.

 Plot a graph of period against mass.

The period of oscillation (s)

The mass of the plasticine (g)

[10 marks][10 markah]

4. Diagrams A and B show two taps releasing droplets of water into large containers.The number of droplets which fall per second in Diagram A is more compared to the number of droplets in Diagram B.The cross-sections of the water waves formed from the droplets in the containers are shown in the diagrams.Rajah A dan Rajah B menunjukkan dua buah pili yang menitiskan air ke dalam bekas besar.Bilangan titisan yang jatuh dalam masa satu saat pada Rajah A lebih banyak berbanding bilangan titisan pada Rajah B. Keratan rentas gelombang air yang terbentuk daripada titisan dalam bekas itu ditunjukkan dalam rajah.

 Diagram A/Rajah A                                        Diagram B/Rajah B

 Based on the information and observation above:Berdasarkan maklumat dan pemerhatian di atas:

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(a) State one suitable inference.Nyatakan satu inferens yang sesuai.

Wavelength is influenced by frequency.[1 markah]

 (b) State one suitable hypothesis.

Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang sesuai.

The higher the frequency is, the shorter the wavelength will be.

[1 markah] 

(c) With the use of apparatus such as a ripple tank, a vibrator motor with adjustable frequency and otherapparatus, describe an experiment framework to investigate the hypothesis stated in (b).Dengan menggunakan radas seperti tangki riak, motor penggetar yang boleh dilaraskan frekuensinya dan lain-lain radas, terangkan satu rangka kerja eksperimen untuk menyiasat hipotesis yang anda nyatakan di (b).

In your description, state clearly the following:Dalam penerangan anda, jelaskan perkara berikut:(i) Aim of the experiment.

Tujuan eksperimen.

To investigate the relationship between frequency and wavelength of a wave 

(ii) Variables in the experiment.Pembolehubah dalam eksperimen.

Variables             Manipulated : The frequency of the vibrator            Responding : The wavelength            Constant : The depth of the water

 (iii)List of apparatus and materials.

Senarai radas dan bahan. Ripple tank, mechanical stroboscope, ruler, vibrator motor, white paper, power supply, lamp and wooden bar

(iv)Arrangement of the apparatus.Susunan radas dan bahan.

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 (v) The procedure of the experiment which include the method of controlling the manipulated

variable and the method of measuring the responding variable.Prosedur eksperimen termasuk kaedah mengawal pembolehubah dimanipulasikan dan kaedah mengukur pembolehubah bergerak balas.

– A ripple tank is set up as shown and a sheet of white paper is placed under the ripple tank.                State the method to control the manipulated variable  – Switch on the vibrator motor at a frequency of 10 Hz.                             State the method to measure the responding variable– Observe the waves by using the stroboscope and measure the wavelength.             – Repeat the experiment at least 4 times at the frequencies of vibrator motor: 20 Hz, 30 Hz, 40 Hz and 50 Hz.

(vi) The way you would tabulate the data.Cara anda akan menjadualkan data. 

(vii)The way you would analyse the data.Cara anda akan menganalisis data.

Plot a graph of wavelength against frequency. Wavelength (cm)

Frequency (Hz)

[10 marks]

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