Split Supersymmetry - UCI Physics and Astronomytanedo/files/talks/TanedoSplitSUSY.pdf · SUSY 4...
Transcript of Split Supersymmetry - UCI Physics and Astronomytanedo/files/talks/TanedoSplitSUSY.pdf · SUSY 4...
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1
Split Supersymmetry
or…
“How I learned to stop worrying and love
fine-tuning.”
Flip Tanedo, 18 July 2008
Student Theory Seminar LEPP, Cornell university
Who?Csaba’s new student.
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2
On the Weak and Strong Anthropic Principles
The Weak Anthropic Principle: Isn’t it great that humans have evolved to a point where they can make a living in universities?
The Strong Anthropic Principle: On the contrary, the whole point of the universe is that humans should not only work in universities, but write books for with words like ‘cosmic’ and `chaos’ in the title.
Terry Pratchett, Hogfather (1996) [paraphrased]
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It makes no more sense than saying that the reason the eye evolved is so that someone can exist to read this book. But it is really shorthand for a much richer set of concepts.
-Leonard Susskind
(Cornell Alumnus)
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4
Outline
! 5 big ideas, 5 important scales in physics
! Low scale: supersymmetry
! Intermission: naturalness
! High scale: string landscape
! Split supersymmetry
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The Importance of Scales
! Physics at very different scales decouple.rG flow near uv fixed point
”a chef does not need to know gauge theory” –s. dimopoulos
! Naturalness (“good”)
parameters are O(1) (!UV)4-D
! vs. fine-tuning “Bad” dependence of
physics on decimal points
E
MPl
Mgut
susy
TeV Mewsb
V
Quantum Gravity
Grand unification
Susy breaking
Lhc collisions
Dark matter, EWSB
Dark energy
hie
rarchy
Physics by scale
! p
ro
blem
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1. Quantum Gravity
! MPl ~ 1019 GeV
! String theory?
E
MPl
Mgut
susy
TeV Mewsb
V
Quantum Gravity
Grand unification
Susy breaking
Lhc collisions
Dark matter, EWSB
Dark energy
hie
rarchy
Physics by scale
! p
ro
blem
5 big ideas and 5 important scales
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2. Dark Matter
! ~ 200 GeV
! WIMP particle?
! EWSB mechanism?
E
MPl
Mgut
susy
TeV Mewsb
V
Quantum Gravity
Grand unification
Susy breaking
Lhc collisions
Dark matter, EWSB
Dark energy
hie
rarchy
Physics by scale
! p
ro
blem
5 big ideas and 5 important scales
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5 big ideas and 5 important scales
3. Grand Unification
!
! FCNC, p+ decay! LEP: SUSY?! Neutrino see-saw
E
MPl
Mgut
susy
TeV Mewsb
V
Quantum Gravity
Grand unification
Susy breaking
Lhc collisions
Dark matter, EWSB
Dark energy
hie
rarchy
Physics by scale
"s
"w
"EM
! p
ro
blem
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! ! 10!120M 4Pl
LHub ! LPl
5 big ideas and 5 important scales
4. ! Problem
! Non-zero…but tiny
!
! Why is ?
E
MPl
Mgut
susy
TeV Mewsb
V
Quantum Gravity
Grand unification
Susy breaking
Lhc collisions
Dark matter, EWSB
Dark energy
hie
rarchy
Physics by scale
! p
ro
blem
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5 big ideas and 5 important scales
5. Hierarchy Problem
! Mscalar not protected
! Mewsb/MPl = 10-17
" Fine tuning?
" or mH ~ MBSM ?
E
MPl
Mgut
susy
TeV Mewsb
V
Quantum Gravity
Grand unification
Susy breaking
Lhc collisions
Dark matter, EWSB
Dark energy
hie
rarchy
Physics by scale
! p
ro
blem
=!
d4k
(2!)4i
k2 !m2H
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11
Supersymmetry
I’m super, thanks for asking.-south park
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Low energy: supersymmetry
! Hierarchy problem # TeV SUSY
! Added bonus:"Grand unification
"Dark Matter
! We ignore the ! problem
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!Q!, Q̄"̇
"= 2!µ
!"̇Pµ
Low energy: Supersymmetry
SM Particle Sparticle
! Spacetime Symmetry ! Only extension within
Coleman-Mandula
! Cancels mH divergence
" To date, no SUSY particles detected
fermions $# bosons
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Low energy: SUSY breaking
SM Particleheavy Sparticle
!SUSY must be broken!
!Naturalness: broken at TeV scale " Higgs mass naturally light, non-zero
" Explains non-observation of SUSY partners
Natural mass is at the
SUSY breaking scale
(Superpartners too
Massive to have been
Observed at past
Particle colliders)
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E
MPl
Mgut
susy
TeV Mewsb
V
Quantum Gravity
Grand unification
Susy breaking
Lhc collisions
Dark matter, EWSB
Dark energy
hie
rarchy
Physics by scale
! p
ro
blem
SUSY: scorecard (Important!)
susy Susy breaking
Checklist: things we want
! Hierarchy: mH naturally light
! LSP Dark Matter (R-parity)
! Grand Unification (LEP)
! Can generate Higgs potential
! ! problem (ignore at low energy)
We still have ! ~ 1060 MSUSY4
Poop list: things we didn’t want
! Flavor changing neutral currents
! (B-L) violation and p+ decay
! Electric dipole moment, etc.
All mediated by scalar superpartners!
! `little hierarchy’ problem
! µ problem
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16
naturalness
A model is fine-tuned if a plot of the allowed parameter space makes you wanna puke. –D.E. Kaplan
This section From: J. Lykken’s talk at the slac summer institute 2004
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E
cut
Cutoff / Matching scale
Physics by scale
Wilsonian philosophy
V
UV completion(can also be eft)
Low energy eft(Valid up to cutoff)
Ken Wilson1982 Nobel prize
Q: How does EFT depend on UVT?
Finite terms: insensitive
Dimensionless: log
Irrelevant op: 1/
Relevant op:
cut
V
cut
V
cut
V
(+)
(+)
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UV-sensitive parameters, m …
Natural: m ~ e.g. xd (add, RS), little hierarchy problem
cut
V
cut
V
Sym. natural: m << , sym restored if m=0 e.g. fermion masses
Fine tuning via sonic screwdriver?
cut
V
Supernatural: uvt sets m=M* at e.g. technicolour, garden-variety susy
cutV
We’ve taken naturalness as motivation for new physics… what if nature is unnatural? What kind of uvt would do this?
unnatural: fine tuned, m << sensitive to radiative corrections
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19
The String Landscape
That’s not a theory of everything, that’s a theory of anything. –L. Krauss
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High energy: String theory
Why are there no stringy LHC predictions?
! Decoupling/RG flow: pass through many (not understood) energy scales
! Even tricker: inherently non-predictive?
KKLT: 10500 metastable vacua?
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The landscape of metastable vacua
Different points in the landscape are different possible universes.
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The landscape of metastable vacua
Is there a vacuum selection principle?
Basement top floor
experiment Theory
Analogy: location of theory vs. experiment grad offices
This is an entropically unlikely configuration...but there’s an underlying selection principle.
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The anthropic/entropic principle
Actually…
! Atomic Principle
! Galactic Principle
! Etc.
Maybe: vacuum state chosen randomly! We’re only here because this is where we can be.
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A brief history of Anthropism in physics
Man is not At The centre Of The universe
The universe is not At The centre Of The Universe!
West coast hippies?
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Asking the right questions…
!Why are the angular areas of the sun and moon equal?
!What determines the radii of planetary orbits?" Circular orbits # Platonic solids
" Elliptic orbits # Newton’s Gravity
" There is a landscape of orbital radii in other solar systems
" Fitting circular orbits: wrong question!
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26
Split SUSY
Living with fine tuning…
“Our paper didn’t become top-cited until someone came up with a catchy name.” –S. Dimopoulos (paraphrased)
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So what? (low energy scale?)
! Low energy phenomenologists focus on the hierarchy problem and ignore the white elephant in the room.
!Maybe the hierarchy and ! problems aren’t problems at all!VHoly moly, it’s
An elephanT!!… but what aboutSupersymmetry?
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Split supersymmetry
!Forget hierarchy: nature is finely tuned!" SUSY is still important for GUT and DM
! Freedom to choose high scale SUSY breaking" (s)fermions can stay light (eg. LSP dark matter)
" scalar(ino)s live at the heavy scale (no protection)
!Keeps good features, drops problems" Cost: “paradigm shift”
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E
MPl
Mgut
susy
TeV Mewsb
V
Quantum Gravity
Grand unification
Susy breaking
Lhc collisions
Dark matter, EWSB
Dark energy
hie
rarchy
Physics by scale
! p
ro
blem
Reassessing SUSY, Finely-tuned version
susy Susy breaking
Checklist: things we want
! Hierarchy: mH naturally light
! LSP Dark Matter (R-parity)
! Grand Unification (LEP)
! Can generate Higgs potential
! ! problem (ignore at low energy)
Poop list: things we didn’t want
! Flavor changing neutral currents
! (B-L) violation and p+ decay
! Electric dipole moment, etc.
Scalars are now decoupled!!
! `little hierarchy’ problem
! µ problem, more fine-tuning?
Chiral symmetry keeps fermions light
Take these as our motivation for SUSY
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Split supersymmetry: LHC signature?!
!Spectrum: decoupled scalars, ~TeV fermions
!Experimental signature: long lived gluino!
Heavy!
Smoking gun:
! Displaced vertex
! Stopped gluinos
100 GeV to 1TeV
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Split SUSY phenomenology: e.g. Bino DM
!MSSM parameters # LSP decay cross section
!Boltzmann equation # DM Relic Density
!Constrained by astro/cosmo observations
Phys. Rev. D70, 075006 (2004)
Resonant h-mode decay
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Leff = LSM + MB̃B̃B̃ + Mg̃ g̃g̃ + µHuHd
+!
2!uh†W̃Hu +!
2!dh†W̃Hd
+!
22
!!uh†B̃Hu +
!2
2!!
dh†B̃Hd
"m2h†h" "
2!h†h
"2+ h.c.
Split SUSY phenomenology: more detail
!E.g. bino dark matter near the higgs resonance region
!Read off vertex for higgs-channel decay
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E
MPl
Mgut
susy
TeV Mewsb
V
Quantum Gravity
Grand unification
Susy breaking
Lhc collisions
Dark matter, EWSB
Dark energy
hie
rarchy
! p
ro
blem
Split SUSY phenomenology: more detail
12
3
4
1. Determine effective couplings from SUSY lagrangian, constrain using #DM
2. Match to MSUSY where SUSY is unbroken (constraint)
3. Match couplings to GUT couplings (constraint)
4. Flow back to TeV scale to check consistency, compare to LHC physics
Note: $ functions are different at
different scales! SUSY vs SUSY
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Split SUSY phenomenology: More detail
Sample point in parameter space:
charginos ~ 116 GeV
wino ~ 116 GeV
bino (DM) ~ 70 GeV
gluino ~ 989 GeV
higgsino ~ 3970 GeV
(poor choice of parameters)
(mh, mb, mSUSY, tan $) = (146, 70, 106, 5)
Units: GeV where appropriate
Virtual z, Invariant masshas kinematic edge
e.g. trilepton
Long lived gluino isStill the smoking gun
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Conclusion
!Maybe nature is finely tuned (high scale)
" Forget about hierarchy and ! problems
" Low scale physics should focus on GUT, DM, etc.
! Split Supersymmetry
" Fine tuning: send MSUSY to a high scale
" Scalar partners no longer problematic
" Experimental signature: long lived gluinos
! Philosophy?" No need to mention anthropics
" … but a signal of Split SUSY mightforce us to reconsider naturalness
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Conclusion
Special thanks to
Dan wohns
for volunteering me for this talk
2001: A Space Odyssey
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37
Extra Slides
Aw man, is this guy still talking?
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! Extra dimensions: fundamental Planck scale can be low (~TeV)
! Effective 4D Planck scale much higher
! Also string-motivated model
! Does not solve Hierarchy, just reparameterizes it as…" Radius of compactification
" Warp factor
ADD Phys.Lett. B429 (1998) 263
Randall-Sundrum Phys.Rev.Lett. 83 (1999) 3370
Another way out of the hierarchy
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“Teach the controversy”
Is anthropic reasoning reasonable?
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Physics humour…
hep-th/0503249
Supersplit supersymmetryp. Fox, D.E. Kaplan, e. Katz, E. Poppitz, V. Sanz, M. Schmaltz, M. Schwarts, N. Weiner
Posted to arxiv: 1 april 2005
All susy particles decoupled at planck scale, leaving only standard model at the low scale.
(i.e. no predictions.)
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Recommended reading
! Arkani-Hamed, Dimopoulos. hep-th/0405159 (first paper)
! Bousso. arXiv:0708.4231 (TASI lectures on the cosmological constant)
! Lykken. eConf C040802 (SLAC SSI lecture on naturalness, video.)
! Arkani-Hamed. pirsa.org/07080007 (Perimeter summer school lecture on low-energy SUSY)
! Burgess, Moore. The Standard Model: A Primer." Ch. 11: Open questions, proposed solutions
! Dine. Supersymmetry and String Theory.
" Ch. 11.3: Why is one Higgs mass negative?
! Tim Hollowood. “Cutoffs and Continuum Limits: a Wilsonian Approach to Field Theory.” The most accessible explanation of the renormalisation group at a `deep’ level.
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References not mentioned! Weinberg. The cosmological constant problem. Rev. Mod. Phys. 61, (1989), 1.
! Carroll. The Cosmological Constant. Living Rev. Relativity 4, (2001), 1. URL (cited on 13 March 2007): http://www.livingreviews.org/lrr-2001-1
! Kumar. A Review of Distributions on the String Landscape. Int.J.Mod.Phys. A21 (2006) 3441-3472
! M. Douglas, "The statistics of string / M theory vacua", JHEP 0305, 46 (2003).
! A. Maloney, E. Silverstein and A. Strominger, hep-th/0205316
! R. Bousso and J. Polchinski, "Quantization of four-form fluxes and dynamical neutralization of the cosmological constant", JHEP 06, 006 (2000).
! Giudice and Romanino. “Split Supersymmetry”, Nucl.Phys. B699 (2004) 65-89
! Arkani-Hamed, Dimopoulos, Giudice, Romanino. “Aspects of Split Supersymmetry”, Nucl.Phys. B709 (2005) 3-46