Spis rzeczy – Contentsast/index.php/content/download/6299/... · Comparative tests of the...

Spis rzeczy – Contents

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On scaling of ship seakeeping

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Review of research methods on wheel disk of automotive vehicle

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Car selection issues, data sources (part I)

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Car selection issues, GTAlg tools (part II)

G a n n a C h e r n i a k , R o s t i s l a v D o m i n , O l e n a N o z h e n k o ,A n a t o l i i M o s t o v i c h

About diagnosing of impact of railway vehicles on the track .................................................................. 59

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Statistics repair safety systems for example buses Municipal Transport Company in Lublin

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Experimental studies of wheelchair energy consumption

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Experimental comparative studies of injection systems

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Study selected structures of exhaust systems mufflers in AVL environment

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Circumstances for hydrogenation of road transport in Poland

P a u l i n a G r z e l a kTechnika eco-�� > �� ?� �� transportu .............................................................................................................................................................................. 119

Eco-driving techniques as a method for emission reduction from transport means

M a r e k G u z e k@�� ?�� .................................................. 127

Driver reaction time in relation to evaluation method

M a r e k I d z i o rAnaliza rynku pojazdów zabytkowych w Polsce ......................................................................................... 139

Market analysis of historical vehicles in Poland

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Comparison of the level of simulated vibrations acting on a child transported in a road car or a railway vehicle

E w a K a r d a s - C i n a l-�� ........................................................... 165

Methods of vibrational comfort evaluation in means of transport

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Cost analysis of fuel consumption by motor vehicles

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Hexapod type actuator systems applied in motorization

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Trends in development of high mobility cars small and medium capacity in operation in the Polish Army

K r z y s z t o f K r a w i e cProces wprowadzania autobusów elektrycznych do �� '� ��komunikacji miejskiej – wybrane zagadnienia ............................................................................................. 217

The process of electric buses implementation to exploitation in urban public transport companies – selected issues

A n d r z e j L e c h o w i c z , A n d r z e j A u g u s t y n o w i c zBadania symulac� ��'�� ........................... 227

Simulation studies of hybrid powertrain for urban vehicles

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Analysis of dynamic load chassis of a wheeled vehicle when driving in terrain

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Analysis of the rolling resistance of the car wheels during driving on different road surfaces

W i t o l d L u t y,�� '�� F��?��krzywoliniowym ....................................................................................................................... 261

The assessment of the tire relaxation impact on the vehicle lateral dynamics and safety during the passage by a single road unevenness in nonlinear motion

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Simulation study of dynamics of the rail vehicle equipped with differential gears

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Lasing points applied to road vehicles

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Examination of damages to structural systems of the truck and the costs of its repairs in conditions of long-term rental

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Model of power losses in PRT vehicle propulsion system

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Simulation study of independent wheel profiles wear using different kinds of tram bogies

K r z y s z t o f P a r c z e w s k i , K a z i m i e r z M . R o m a n i s z y n-�� F�� samochodu .......................................................................................................................................................................... 323

Modelling of the influence of tire characteristics for motion stability using vehicle in smaller scale

O l e n a S i v e t sAutomatyzacja procesów monitorowania stanu technicznego taboru kolejowego z wykorzystaniem technologii widzenia maszynowego .......................................................................... 337

Automation of the condition monitoring of rolling stock using machine vision technology

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Procedure of weight control aircraft within the mass of passengers

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The new version of the device to measure the forces on the towing hitch ball intended for medium-sized vehicle sets

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�� %-G-EBS dla zestawu pojazdów Mitsubishi L200 i naczepy NGS-03 .................................................................. 369

Comparative tests of the modulators mounted in the PIMR-EBS brake system of the road unit: Mitsubishi L200 and gooseneck trailer NGS-03

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Calculation method of service speed in preliminary design of cargo vessels.Part I: The service speed at design process cargo vessels

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Calculation method of service speed in preliminary design of cargo vessels. Part II: Mathematical model service speed useful in preliminary design of cargo vessels

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Service test of type K brake shoes – the influence of brake shoe material on life cycle cost of freight wagon

A n d r z e j W o l f f-�� samochodowych .............................................................................................................................................................. 411

Modelling and numerical simulation of heat transfer process in automotive brakes

E m i l W r ó b l e w s k i , A n t o n i I s k r a , M a c i e j B a b i a k,��'�� spalinowego ....................................................................................................................................................................... 423

Synthesis of layer carbon nanotubes on the beating surface of piston engine

P i o t r Z d a n o w i c z�� ............................................................................................................ 431

Impact assessment of vehicle suspension dissipative features for shock-absorbers diagnostic tests results

M a r e k Z i e m b i c k i , D a r i u s z P y z aWybrane aspekty eksploatacji taboru niskoemisyjnego w transporcie publicznym ............... 441

Selected aspects exploitation of low-emission vehicles in public transport

P R A C E N A U K O W E P O L I T E C H N I K I W A R S Z A W S K I E Jz. 112 Transport 2016

Jaros�aw ArtyszukMaritime University of Szczecin, Faculty of Navigation, Poland

ON SCALING OF SHIP SEAKEEPING

The manuscript delivered: April 2016

Summary: The widely accepted linear model of ship motions in waves is considered in frequency-domain, where the steady-state harmonic motions as response to harmonic waves are of interest. The solution of motion transfer functions is presented in dimensionless form with special concern about the dimensionless wave frequency as independent variable. Though some facts are known within ship model testing methodology, this detailed and careful derivation is aimed to enhance in-depth understanding of the seakeeping characteristics of a ship. It is also expected that a transfer functionsdata exchange between one full-scale ship and another of close geometry yet of different size will be more encouraged.Keywords: ship motion, wave, seakeeping, dimensionless approach, transfer function, RAO

6�3/6)/465�� 369]�^�113_4`/�

Streszczenie: H�� '?�� $�,�� ?�� '� �� !�� '�� $� - �� ?�� ostatnia jest szeroko sto�� '�� modelowych, to jest stosunkowo rzadko wykorzystywana w przeliczaniu funkcji przenoszenia � '��statkami rzeczywistymi �� ?�� , gdy takie �� $ Ma to znaczenie np. w �� '�szej klasy statków i oceny ryzyka eksploatacji, m.in. w systemach nadzoru ruchu. Zarówno sam sposób niniejszego wywodu, jak i dyskusja poszczególnych ��?�� i kroków ma �� F�� analizy bezwymiarowej ('bezwymiarowania') w odniesieniu do �� , i tym samym ��?�F� � '�� ?�� '�� i decydentów.��# ��: ��!��!��!�� !�analiza bezwymiarowa


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Andrzej SadowskiRZECZOZNAWCY S.C.

��.*&/q�$*16��^3x91��.6)]�{W POJAZDACH SAMOCHODOWYCH

G'�� O maj 2016

Streszczenie: /�� $� |�� F� �� ?�� $�� '�� $�� '� �� $� �� ?�� wkonstrukcyjnych takich jak stal konstrukcyjna, stopy aluminium i stopy magnezu.��# ��O��!�� , pojazd

REVIEW OF RESEARCH METHODS ON WHEEL DISK OF AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLE

Summary: A wheel is one of the most important elements of the vehicle in the aspects of safety and ecology. Its cooperation with the road surface and the ability to overcome the resistance movement is determined by the active safety and impact on fuel consumption. The article describes the basic properties and structures of single-disc wheels. In addition, the analysis of dynamic forces acting on the disk wheel. It presents an overview of research methods disc wheels in the science literature in the context of a comparison of construction materials such as structural steel, alumi-num alloys and magnesium alloys.Keywords: disk wheel, dynamic forces, vehicle


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PROBLEMATYKA DOBORU SAMOCHODU 6�6�6)*&6��x�9�4]�{�# ;��

G'�� : marzec 2016

Streszczenie: �� ?�� #� ��'�� O��!�� !� �� !� �� $&$�|�� '�� $� @�'�� pewnych kryteriów. Osoba �� ?�� '� �� $�,�� na brak w tym zakresie kompleksowych ��'�� ?� � �� $� Problematyka doboru pojazdu �� $�W niniejszym artykule omówiono czynniki natury �� ?�� $�� !�� $� )�� $�preferen� � �� $� �� F� �� ?� �� komunikacyjnych badanych w mikroskali. �� ?�� F�� $� �� "�� $� W kolejnym artykule ��problematyki doboru samochodu osobowego �� '�� (��)��>�� #� � � ��&� – �� ()*��!� �� '�� ?�� ków sieci drogowej w tzw. trybie �� $�)�� ?� �� ?�� drogowej. ��!� �wiadomy wybór samochodu osobowego, z wykorzystaniem proponowanego ��'�� ! ��?��F�� dzie z ��?� �� transportu.��# �� ?�!�()*��!�(��)��>��

CAR SELECTION ISSUES, DATA SOURCES, Part I

Summary: Passenger vehicle selection is dictated by various factors (price, type of engine, type of body etc.). However, not always the person buying or renting a passenger vehicle takes into account in the selectionprocess of all the factors important, not only for her but also for all society. There is no computer comprehensive tools to allow for objective selection. This article discusses the factors of a personal nature and social importance in the selection process of the passenger vehicle for the individual user. Personal choice factors of the passenger vehicle are connected beyond the obvious price criterion, mainly from the recorded travel behavior. Which are associated with a different set of travel personal preferences (including suppressed preferences). Keywords: trip planner, GTAlg, Green Travelling Planner

H � �� H�� @��:�� G�� '�� 6G*-NET Transport III Future Travelling pt. A platform to analyze and foster the use of Green Travelling options (GREEN_TRAVELLING).


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PROBLEMATYKA DOBORU SAMOCHODU OSOBOWEGO, 4�.��.�E GTAlg (cz. II)

G'�� : marzec 2016

Streszczenie: *�� $� ��G�:06-*)³/*� ��:�GC�,*-�@´��C� �,�:��6(�!� ¦Gµ�£*� �*H³@´� #��$� %&�!� � �� pozyskiwania danych pomocnych w procesie doboru pojazdu osobowego dla klienta. Dla celu doborupojazdu zaproponowano analizy �� potencjalnego klienta, badanych w makroskali i jego stylu jazdy obserwowanego w mikroskali. W tym artykule, który jest kontynuacj�przedmiotowej tematyki �� '�� (�� )��>�� (GT Planner) �� #� � � ��&� - �� ()*��!� �� '�� ?�� $�� „pretrip”. �� ?� �� '� � �� ()� ��ner �� ?�� $�)�� ?� �� ?�� $�Wybór samochodu �� ?�� F� �� ?� ��rozwoju transportu.��# ��?�!�()*��!�(��)��>��

CAR SELECTION ISSUES, GTAlg TOOLS (PART II)

Summary: This article is a continuation of the text: "CAR SELECTION ISSUES, DATA SOURCES (Part. I)," which discussed how data collection may help in the selection process of a passenger vehicle for the customer. For the purpose of selecting a vehicle behavior analysis was suggested studied in macroscale and his driving style observed in micro scale. This article, which is a continuation of this theme shows the utility tool Green Travelling Planner (GT Planner) with its essential component (engine) - GTAlg algorithm, allowing the parameterization behavior and communication preferences of users of the road network. The parameterization is possible thanks to the GT Planner feedback transaction mechanism data with the user service. This parameterization allows legitimate vehicle selection to the individual needs of the road network users. The choice of car can be realized in accordance with the interests of society in the spirit of sustainability of transport development.Keywords: trip planner, GTAlg, Green Travelling Planner

H � �� H�� @��:�� G�� '�� 6G*-NET Transport III Future Travelling pt. A platform to analyze and foster the use of Green Travelling options (GREEN_TRAVELLING).


Ganna Cherniak, Rostislav Domin, Olena Nozhenko, Anatolii MostovychVolodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University

ABOUT DIAGNOSING OF IMPACT OF RAILWAY VEHICLES ON THE TRACK

The manuscript delivered: March 2016

Summary: The report presents the results of the research aimed at justification of expediency of creating a system of experimental evaluation of indicators of impact of the rolling stock on the rails. The proposed system is based on the measurements of the vertical and horizontal accelerations of the rails under a movement of the rolling stock on the rail track section. This system for monitoring rail accelerations that are emerging from the impact of the rolling stock in the track structure is expected to be used to identify vehicles with high impact on the rails due to their design and technical condition of the running gears, including the defects of the wheels. Some results of the pilot testing of the proposed system for the monitoring of the accelerations, which were registered by passing the train consisting of five units, are presented. And the computational algorithm of the specialized pre-processing of the multidimensional signal that is recorded by this system is described. The offered algorithm in automatic mode allows dividing the signal on the separate segments that are associated with the particular wheelsof a running train for subsequent analysis of each segment. This algorithm does not require input data about the train speed on the track section that is equipped with the monitoring system, about the number of wheelsets of the running train, and about the distances between them. These data are calculated as a result of the algorithm execution, since they are absent under the operating conditions of the proposed system.Keywords: impact on the track, accelerations of the rails, signal segmentation, particular wheels


��!� ��, Iwona Rybicka�� 0��!�� -�� !�Instytut Transportu, Silników Spalinowych

i Ekologii

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$�*��3�*&6��.*��6��1)KOMUNIKACYJNEGO W LUBLINIE

G'�� : maj 2016

Streszczenie: �� $� �� !� �� $�:�� $� %�� okresu za 2015 rok.��# �� b�� o, komunikacja, autobusy

STATISTICS REPAIR SAFETY SYSTEMS FOR EXAMPLE BUSES MUNICIPAL TRANSPORT COMPANY IN LUBLIN

Summary: The article presents analysis related to repairs safety systems transport vehicles. These include steering, brakes and suspension. The study group vehicles are the city buses. Repair information relates to the period for 2015 years.Keywords: safety, communication, buses


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EXPERIMENTAL COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF INJECTION SYSTEMS

The manuscript delivered: May 2016

Abstract: Modern cars have engines equipped with multi point fuel injection system electronically controlled. These system co-operate with a series of sensors and actors. The purpose of this study was to show the most common electric defects and to evaluate the reliability of selected elements of petrol fuel electric injections system Motronic and Simos during driving. The benches make it possible to realize the control of injection and ignition systems thanks to the connection of all elements sensors and actuators with ECU (Electronic Control Unit). The simulation of work was carried out thanks to the power transmission systems, in which the rotational speed of the ignition system was controlled, sensors of rotational speed and crankshaft position and also the sensor of timing phases. Te bench was connected to the computer through the diagnostic connector OBD (On Board Diagnostics). The simulations of other sensors work, e.g. the flowmeter, were realized by changing air flow and temperature by changing the resistance of the sensor for different temperatures. The cooperation of particular sensors and execution elements with the driver was monitored by the diagnostic block of Audi-VW interface software. The designed and made-up bench made it possible to control engine work and carry out tests and the analysis of particular parameters of engine work in order to identify error codes.Keywords: injection system, diagnostics, Motronic system, injection time, ignition advance angle


$��# �� "��*��2��, Piotr Czajkowski�� 0��!�� -��

$��# ��#%� Artur Drozd�� !�� )��

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF WHEELCHAIR ENERGY CONSUMPTION

The manuscript delivered: May 2016

Abstract: The maintenance of modern means of transport requires an assessment of energy consumption. This paper presents a methodology for testing electric wheelchair. The analysis of vehicle movement and the knowledge of forces affecting the vehicle are necessary to determine the components of energy balance, such as kinetic energy, energy of rolling resistance and losses in the power transmission system. The study was conducted for three different driving cycles. The motion parameters for each of the driving cycles were analyzed. The control electronics in electric wheelchair drives converts the commands of the driver: direction, accelerator, brake pedal position, into the corresponding control commands input to the power semiconductors, while at the same time observing specified limits: current, voltage, motor speed. The paper describes a research method for testing a wheelchair equipped with electric engine. The tests were conducted for specified operating conditions involving the following constrained motion on a horizontal road section. The effect of selected operating parameters on the work of the electric drive system was investigated. The paper also gives examples of the results if the conducted road tests of the wheelchair. The object of the tests was the electric wheelchair. The vehicle is suitable for transporting people weighing 80 kg. Two electric engines powered by batteries with the voltage of 24 V were used for driving the vehicle.Keywords: energy consumption, electric vehicle, wheelchair, energy balance, electric propulsion


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AVL

G'�� dostarczono: czerwiec 2016

Streszczenie: �� $�� '� �� F� �� $� -�� pakiecie obliczeniowym CFD (Computer Fluid Dynamics), mianowicie AVL AST. Dokonano �� ?� �� 1-�� '?�� $��# �� !�� !��

STUDY SELECTED STRUCTURES OF EXHAUST SYSTEMS MUFFLERS IN AVL ENVIRONMENT

Summary: The article presents the research of selected structures of exhaust systems mufflers on the exam-ple of the reactive components with an extended inlet. It was proposed construction based on the adjustable structure and determined the influence the parameters of applied changes on the effectiveness of acoustic energy attenuation. Modelling and simulations of acoustic gas-dynamic flows in the exhaust system were conducted using specialized computational package CFD(Computer Fluid Dynamics), namely the AVL AST.The comparison of the structures with the extended inlet with classic systems of one- plenum chamber has also been made. Keywords: exhaust systems, muffler with adjustable structure, dynamics of gas flows


Wojciech Gis, Edward Menes, �� )�+��# Instytut Transportu Samochodowego

UWARUNKOWANIA WODORYZACJI TRANSPORTU SAMOCHODOWEGO W POLSCE

G'�� : maj 2016

Streszczenie: �� !� �� '�� prototypowych stacji tankowania zbiorników samochodowych wodorem na wybranej sieci dróg ��$�� '�� $�� $ $ �� w Polsce.��# �� wodoryzacja, transport, pojazdy

CIRCUMSTANCES FOR HYDROGENIZATION OF ROAD TRANSPORT IN POLAND

Summary: The essential objective of the paper is to identify the initial locations of the prototype hydrogen car refuelling stations along the selected road network in Poland. The study undertaken is of a pioneering character in Poland. It includes within its scope technical conditions and economic ones for development of the hydrogenization of transport in Poland. Keywords: hydrogenization, transport, vehicles


Paulina Luiza GrzelakInstytut Transportu Samochodowego

TECHNIKA ECO-DRIVINGU SPOSOBEM 6�4�<4�*$��

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G'�� : marzec 2016

Streszczenie: W artykule przedstawiono zagadnienie eco-drivingu, omówiono zasady energoosz-��'�� !�� F�� '�� !��?�� $� ,�� '� �� eco-drivingu w autobusach �� !� �� '� �� !� �� ?�� eco-drivingu!� �� '$� �� '� �� !� �� ?�� ?� �� orzystania systemu do eco-drivingu w zakresie analizowania parametrów tras autobusów komunikacji miejskiej.��# �� eko- ��!�� !��

ECO-DRIVING TECHNIQUES AS A METHOD FOR EMISSION REDUCTION FROM TRASPORT MEANS

Summary: The paper presents the eco-driving issue. There were discussed the principles, that should be guided by the vehicle's driver, and the resulting benefits. Particular attention was paid to the use of the con-cept of eco-driving in public transport buses, where a huge role is played not only by drivers training, but also the use of eco-driving devices for driving monitoring. It was discussed the principle of operation of those devices, and also presented the possibility of using the eco-driving system to analyze parameters of public transport buses routes.Keywords: eco-driving, pollution emission, transport


Marek Guzek�� !�� )��

CZAS REAKCJI KIEROWCY SAMOCHODU )./*<465��6�$*16�]6�*4]

G'�� : � �� 2016

Streszczenie: �� reakcji kierowców pojazdów samochodowych wykonanych ��?�� dami eksperymentalnymi. ,�� hpsychologicznych, testów na prototypowym stanowisku do oceny czasu reakcji autoPW-T!� ��w symulatorze jazdy samochodem autoPW oraz podczas rzeczywistej jazdy samochodem w zainsce-nizowanej sytuacji wypadkowej$� ��?�� !� ?�� #��?�� &�� #��&�� $��# �� !�� !��

DRIVER REACTION TIME IN RELATION TO EVALUATION METHOD

Summary: In the paper driver reaction times obtained by 4 different methods are compared. Results of: research of drivers on typical device for psychological studies, research in prototype device for testing of driver reaction autoPW-T, research in autoPW driving simulator as well as research of real car driving on test-track in simulated accident situation are presented. Important is that all tests were prepared for the same group of drivers (app. 100).Keywords: driver’s reaction time, psychophysical properties, drivers’ research


Marek Idzior�� !�� -��G�� )��

ANALIZA RYNKU POJAZDÓW ZABYTKOWYCH W POLSCE

G'�� : marzec 2016

Streszczenie: W pracy �� '�� $�� uwarunkowania prawne �� '��$�� !�� $�� '� �� .��# �� samochody, zabytek, Polska

MARKET ANALYSIS OF HISTORICAL VEHICLES IN POLAND

Summary: This paper presents an analysis of the domestic market for vintage vehicles. Conditioning discussed legal and specificity of this market in Poland. Describes some museums, collections and collections. The sum-mary contains a conclusion and final weight of the developer.Keywords: cars, antique, Poland


Ewa Kardas-Cinal �� !�� )��

Zbigniew Lozia �� !�� )��

��%��-��

�� )�0#��%��-��

PORÓWNANIE POZIOMU SYMULOWANYCH ��&^6��.�9_�q�]�{4�.�*�36

��.*)6<64*�$6�{6�*$/_��6�.�*$SZYNOWYM

G'�� dostarczono: � ��

Streszczenie: �� porównania komfortu jazdy �� ?�� $� :�� ?�!�� '�� #�� &�� F i charak-��'��'�� , na które ��?�� ?��- �� ?��dardowym foteliku, posadowionym na fotelu pojazdu drogowego lub szynowego. H��'�� ami badawczymi �� modele symulacyjne ruchu pojazdu drogowego i szynowego oraz modele fotela ��?�� ka do przewozu dzieci, uprzednio z powodzeniem wykorzystane w wielu pracach badawczych i naukowo-technicznych autorów. Do �� ' ISO 2631–1. ,�� '�� $��# �� !�� transportu, dziecko w foteliku

COMPARISON OF THE LEVEL OF SIMULATED VIBRATIONS ACTING ON A CHILD TRANSPORTED IN A ROAD CAR OR A RAILWAY VEHICLE

Summary: The paper reports the results of the investigations on the ride comfort for a child transported in asafety seat mounted in a road car and a railway vehicle. It has been investigated how random irregularities of the surface on which the vehicle wheels move (the road or the railway track) affect the magnitude and the frequency characteristics of the vibrations to which is exposed the young passenger – a child transported in a standard safety seat located on a passenger seat in a road car or a railway vehicle. The applied research tools are the simulation vehicle dynamics models of road car and railway vehicle as well as the models of a pas-senger seat and a child safety seat which all have previously been used successfully in numerous research works by the present authors. The ISO 2631–1 standard has been applied to evaluate the ride comfort. The numerical simulations have been performed for several ride velocities.Keywords: vibrations, means of transport, child in safety seat


Ewa Kardas-Cinal �� !�� )��

METODY OCENY KOMFORTU WIBRACYJNEGO )5�6�3�{1�4��6�1_

G'�� : � �� rok

Streszczenie: Zagadnienie �� ?�� '�� '�� ?��wybranego przez nich �� $ �� wybranych metod oceny ��?�� $�� ! ?��niach odczuwania �� ?��F ��'��?� ��F �� ?�� #� ��!�� '!��'�� F&�oraz �� '��?��$��# �� !�� !��?��

METHODS OF VIBRATIONAL COMFORT EVALUATION IN MEANS OF TRANSPORT

Summary: The problem of the vibrational comfort experienced by a passenger is becoming increasinglyessential in recent years due to both health reasons and growing expectations of passengers travelling by their chosen means of transport. This paper presents a survey of chosen methods for evaluation of the ride comfort related to vibrations. The review shows that the investigations of vibrations experienced in the means of transport should take into account the human sensitivity to various parameters characterizing the vibrations(direction, amplitude, frequency) as well as the passenger’s position.Keywords: vibrational comfort, means of transport, passenger


1�2�� 3'� ��,��,��H��,��

Anna Kochanek��2��3��?��,��H��,��

COST ANALYSIS OF FUEL CONSUMPTION BY MOTOR VEHICLES

The manuscript delivered: April 2016

Abstract: The article comprises a cost analysis of fuel consumption based on the example of a passenger vehicle and a light commercial vehicle. It was calculated how many kilometers can be traveled if the tank is filled with the amount of fuel purchased for 100 PLN, and what the cost of traveling one kilometer is. The analysis was applied to vehicles powered with diesel, petrol 95, as well as vehicles equipped with LPG and CNG installations.Keywords: vehicles exploitation, CNG installation, LPG installation


$��#��3'��Zygmunt Lewko��%��-��

_39�])]$_�.�q�*1]�_{*��6�W ZASTOSOWANIACH MOTORYZACYJNYCH

G'�� : marzec 2016

Streszczenie: W pracy przedstawiano ��?� �� ,��– (��Å�� $�� F��D�� !�� !�� problem w�� D�� ?� �� $� �� stanowiskowe z wykorzystaniem platformy Stewarta-Gough’a, w wyniku których przeanalizowano �� '�� $� :��ie �� '��$��# �� hexapod, platforma Stewarta-Gough’a, transport

HEXAPOD TYPE ACTUATOR SYSTEMS APPLIED IN MOTORIZATION

Summary: This study analyses the possible motorization applications of the Steward-Gough platform. This construction is a type of parallel robot. The usefulness of the hexapod was noted in durability tests, vibrational resilience test, and acoustic analysis and movement simulations. Described stand tests involving the use of the Stewart-Gough platform, during which the negative health impact of vertical vibrations was analyzed. The tests were ran using a dummy in a childes seat.Keywords: hexapod, Steward-Gough platform, transport


��3��# ��Wojskowy Instytut Techniki Pancernej i Samochodowej

TENDENCJE ROZWOJOWE SAMOCHODÓW )]�63�*�$6��/465��$9*��5�*�4�*�

9�6)465��*3��/616)4]�{W WOJSKU POLSKIM

G'�� O��

Streszczenie: �� '�� '?�� !� �?�� !� �� ?�� ?�� , �� G�� $�,�� #�� £��!�CG*0��!�,��&!�� !��w latach min �� ?�� C�� $�� ?�� $� �� ?�� ochodów �� $� C�� ?� �� !��'�� ,��$�� wojskowej w próbach podejmowanych w celu odtworzenia zapasu resursu eksploatacyjnego. ��# �� !�� !�� !�tendencje rozwojowe.

TRENDS IN DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH MOBILITY CARSSMALL AND MEDIUM CAPACITY IN OPERATION

IN THE POLISH ARMY

Summary: This paper presents results of analysis specified age structures used in the Polish Armed Forces cars. Illustrated in detail the structure of age no perspective vehicle chassis ( brands like ZIL-157 , URAL 375, Star 660 ) , which are the carriers of a number of specialized truck bodies needed in the past for many types of troops and services in the Polish army in the structure of the Warsaw Pact. Presented target standard consump-tion operating in the Polish Army by cars of high mobility group 2 and group 3. Shows also feature generation cars high mobility. It highlighted the effort of Polish engineers to develop a new design , the successor to the legendary car Star 266 brand in the Polish Army. It shows the efforts of the military in attempts undertaken torestore the operating reserve life time of military equipmentKeywords: military vehicles , high mobility vehicles , vehicle age structure , development trends


Krzysztof Krawiec�� !�� )��

PROCES WPROWADZANIA AUTOBUSÓW ELEKTRYCZNYCH DO EKSPLOATACJI

W ��.*��6��1)�{36$_4�3��MIEJSKIEJ – WYBRANE ZAGADNIENIA

G'�� : marzec 2016

Streszczenie: �� !� �� ?��oraz �� polityki transportowej C �6�� '� �� '�� ?�y w al�� '��!��'��$�� '� �� ?��i �� , operacyjnych, ekologicznych i ekonomicznych kryteriów. W artykule przedstawiono propozycje strategii organizacyjnych dla �� '� �� ?� ��'�� '��elektrycznego w pu�� $�� techniczno-ekonomicznych pr��?� �� '� �� kacji miejskiej.��# �� publiczny transport zbiorowy, autobusy elektryczne, struktura kosztów

1 wiersz wolny (Times New Roman 12 pkt.)2 wiersz wolny (Times New Roman 12 pkt.)2 wiersz wolny (Times New Roman 12 pkt.)

THE PROCESS OF ELECTRIC BUSES IMPLEMENTATION TO EXPLOITATION IN URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORT COMPANIES – SELECTED ISSUES

1 wiersz wolny (Times New Roman 11 pkt.)Summary: Because of the need to protect the environment, growing environmental awareness of passengers and the pressure from the European Union transport policy steps are taken aimed at replace conventional Diesel buses by buses with alternative drives, therein an electric drive. The issue of the introduction of electric buses to exploitation in urban public transport companies is complex and requires a multi-dimensional analysis for technical, operational, environmental and economic criteria. The paper presents proposals for organisational strategies for municipal transportation companies in the implementation of buses with electric drive and dis-cusses the various technical and economic aspects which are specific to the use of electric drive in the public transport. The article is to discuss the technical and economic aspects of the implementation of electric buses in the public transport company. Keywords: urban public transport, electric buses, cost structure


Andrzej Lechowicz, Andrzej Augustynowicz�� !�� -�� !�/�� G��

BADANIA SYMULACYJNE HYBRYDOWEGO _39ADU 4��OWEGO POJAZDU MIEJSKIEGO

G'�� : marzec 2016

Streszczenie: Badania przeprowadzone w �� -�� , �� najkorzystniejszej konfiguracji maszyny elektrycznej z silnikiem spalinowym w �� "�� '�� !� �� '��F� �� $ �� !� ?�� sterowanej prze�� ?�� F� ��?� �� '�� $�Natomiast zakres pola s��'��?� ��?� �� oraz ��'�� $�� # �� '�� , �� , zintegrowane sterowanie

SIMULATION FOR THE ANALYSIS OF A HYBRID URBAN VEHICLE POWERTRAIN

Summary: The simulations carried out in Matlab/Simulink environment were conducted to search for the most favourable configuration of electric machine with combustion engine in the studied vehicle in terms of range of control field, required power of electric machine and maximum vehicle speed. The conducted simu-lations proved that it is possible to control transmission ratio of vehicle powertrain using electrically con-trolled planetary gear. While the range of controls of power transmission system depends on the transmission ratio of planetary gear as well as on range of speeds of combustion engine and electric machine.Keywords: hybrid powertrain, electrically controlled planetary gear, energy management


)��/��$��#��$��Wojskowy Instytut Techniki Pancernej i Samochodowej

4/�.6��q<*^�]4$��.4]�{_39�_�*.�4*&6�6�.�_3696)*&6�6��.�

JAZDY W WARUNKACH TERENOWYCH

G'�� : marzec 2016

Streszczenie: �� ?��$� �� '� ��zawieszenia przedniej osi jezdnej, �� ?�� $� �� ?� ��'�� '�� ?�� " � � � �� $� �� ' �� '� ��?�� !��?� � ��'� �� $��# �� !�� ?� �� !��

ANALYSIS OF DYNAMIC LOADS OF WHEELED VEHICLE CHASSIS WHEN DRIVING IN OFF-ROAD CONDITIONS

Summary: This paper presents results of experimental research of terrain vehicle during driving on dirt roads and in off-road conditions. During the tests the acceleration of the front axle, the acceleration of the vehicle body frame and the suspension deflection were measured. Time waveform and frequency characteristics of measured physical quantities have been presented. The results of the tests are the basis for further work aimed at classification of different road sections in the context of planning terrain test conditions of the off-road vehicles, which allow evaluation of their reliability. Keywords: off road vehicles, dynamic loads, terrain driving conditions


Witold LutyWojskowy Instytut Techniki Pancernej i Samochodowej

Marcin .�� Wojskowy Instytut Techniki Pancernej i Samochodowej

�� TarymaP�� (��, �� Mechaniczny

ANALIZA 6�6�_16�.*4�3x9�*.�4]�{�$6�{6�_�6��.��.�]�6�x<4]�{

NAWIERZCHNIACH DROGOWYCH

G'�� : marzec 2016

Streszczenie: �� '�� ?�� od typu nawierzchni drogowej. Przeprowadzono badania eksperymentalne samochodu � '?�� ?�� $� �� charakterystyki wybiegu pojazdu. Na podstawie utworzonych charakterystyk wybiegu wyznaczono�� $�� ?�� . ��# ��: opór toczenia, metoda wybiegu, makrotekstura nawierzchni

ANALISYS OF THE ROLLING RESISTANCE OF THE CAR WHEELS DURING DRIVING ON DIFFERENT ROAD SURFACES

Summary: The paper shows the issue of changing the rolling resistance of the car wheels depending on the type of road surface. The experimental study was performed on a truck whilst driving on different road sur-faces. During the research vehicle coast-down characteristics have been created. Based on established vehicle coast-down characteristics were estimated the length of the road and average values of rolling resistance coefficient of the wheels. It was estimated how big had been the influence of the type of road surface on the received values of the coefficient of rolling resistance of the vehicle wheels and changes of the fuel consump-tion.Keywords: rolling resistance, vehicle coast-down method, macro-texture of road surface

%�� #�� &�� *�� 4��"� �� 7�� 8��;��7��7��– umowa PBS1/A6/12012.


Witold LutyPolitechnika Warszawska, �� )��

�]$_/�]�46�*4)�9])_4��*&4�6&_$�*4�4�]4$�3��6��.*�.4q

I �*.��*�.*^�1)6�_�{_�6�.�_�6��.�PRZEJAZDU PRZEZ �6�*�]4�.q4�*�x)465�

�6�96<)�_�{_3�.])6/�4�6)]$

G'�� : � �� 2016

Streszczenie: W pracy przedstawiono ��?� �� ?� �� ich wprowadzenia w stan drga� pionowych. Wykonanobadania symulacyjne pojazdu w warunkach ruchu krzywoliniowego podczas przejazdu po pojedynczej �� ?�$� W��!� ?�� ?�� '��F� �� ?��dynamicznych e�� d�$�|�� !�?�� '��?� �� ?�$��# �� nabieganie ogumienia, dynamika poprzeczna pojazdu!��

THE ASSESSMENT OF THE TIRE RELAXATION IMPACT ON THE VEHICLE LATERAL DYNAMICS AND SAFETY DURING THE PASSAGE BY A SINGLE

ROAD UNEVENNESS IN NONLINEAR MOTION

Summary: The paper presents the possible causes of a reduction in the value of lateral reaction force trans-mitted by the tire during nonlinear vehicle motion when the vehicle wheels are in state of vertical vibrations. Simulation tests of vehicle in nonlinear motion, when driving over the single unevenness of the road surface have been performed. It has been shown that the tire relaxation can significantly increase the level of dynamic loads of vehicle chassis components. At the same time it have been demonstrated that the tire relaxation can significantly increase the vehicle sensitivity to disturbances of its nonlinear motion caused by passing through the unevenness of road surface.Keywords: tire relaxation, vehicle lateral dynamics, vehicle safety

P R A C E N A U K O W E P O L I T E C H N I K I W A R S Z A W S K I E J z. 112 Transport 2016

��$��Politechnika Warszawska, W�� Transportu

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��22�� Proper protection of the load is one of �� $�)��>��>�� >�� $ )�� . However, p�� can not ��D�� s ��. *�� >�� !� �� of the load, however, other person also directly or indire�� >��>�� !�� !�� of ��>�� $ )�� >��>�� 6��C �� >�� 6@��6�� ,�� >��>�� !��!�� >�hicles. )��D��6��,�� H�� 6H��Ç,�� road vehicles � 0�� >�� - ��É� �� $��>�� >��>�� # �� >�� D �� &$ @�� >�� É� ��tities �� $ T�� > �� t��$�%�� >�� >�� . 3�� safety, transport, load


�� 4��# ��$��#��5�0 ��Instytut Transportu Samochodowego

Artur Dmowski P��,��(��

Piotr Ignaciuk�� 0��!�� -��

��4�*_�.36�.*^_39�x)KONSTRUKCYJNYCH SAMOCHODU

��<�6)*&66�.36�ZTÓW JEGO NAPRAWY W WARUNKACH WYNAJMU

�9_&61*�$�46)*&6

G'�� : maj 2016

Streszczenie: @�� '?�� $�Awarie samochodu �� ?�� ?�� $��dla nabywcy takiego pojazdu jest kwestia wyboru marki i typu �� $� �� samochodu. �� ?�� , �� '� �� O� ��'�� F� ��$�@�� wspomniana �� napraw i straty. Wybór samochodu �?��ego powinien ��'� �F� �� $� G�� eksploatacyjnych pojazdów �� '�� wyborem pojazdu. Zaprezentowane rozw�?� �� '�� opracowania metody oceny �� '?��$��# �� uszkodzenia, koszty, transport


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G'�� : � �� 2016

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Summary: )�� G)�� >�� G)�� !�� -�� Ç6��--�� %�>�� >��6�� -� ��6��G�� >��$�)�� D�� -� ��>�� O $��-�� $�$��$�� $�)�� >�� -� ��>�� $�)�� >�� >�O�� $�)�� >�� >�� >�� $� )�� É� ��O�� >�� $�)�� >�� $�@�� !�� /��$�)�� >��>�� $�%��@6)�� $�)�� > ��$�%�� >��$ 3�� G�� )�� !�� !�� !��


$�#%��67�� !�� )��

�]$_/�]�4*��4�*._<]��6`�/�4�*./*<4�*6��q�]�{��3x9

.)]36�.]�14�*$�x<4]�{$6�*/�WÓZKÓW TRAMWAJOWYCH

G'�� O��

Streszczenie: �� ?�� na podstawiewyników symulacji �� '�� ? �� '� �� $� ��zeprowadzono badania porównawcze wybranych modeli �� ? �� '� �� ¼� �� !�� !�� $�C�� '�� $�-�� $� �� !�� '�� $��# �� !� ��? �� '��!��?��

SIMULATION STUDY OF INDEPENDENT WHEEL PROFILES WEAR USING DIFFERENT KINDS OF TRAM BOGIES

Summary: The article presents a comparison of wear magnitude of the wheel profiles, as a result of interaction between the track and the running gear of the bogies equipped with independent rolling wheels. Comparative simulation of selected models of bogies was carried out, the bogies differ in guiding system of the wheels; used such systems as axlebridge, column and swingarm guidance. Comparison is complemented by the conventional reference model of bogie having wheelsets with rigid axle coupling both wheels. Models were examined sep-arately and in conjunction with a model of the entire tram. The simulation uses a nonlinear mathematical model of the dynamics of wheels and rails interaction, the wheel and rail profiles were adopted on the basis of meas-urements.Keywords: simulation, independently rotating wheels, wear


Krzysztof Parczewski, Kazimierz M. Romaniszyn �� /��, � ��,�� ,

*�� )�� -´�� a �: ��: ��

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Olena SivetsPolitechnika Warszaw��!�� )��

AUTOMATYZACJA PROCESÓW MONITOROWANIA STANU TECHNICZNEGO

TABORU KOLEJOWEGO Z WYKORZYSTANIEM TECHNOLOGII WIDZENIA MASZYNOWEGO

G'�� : � �� 2016

Streszczenie: �� ' koncepcja stosowania przytorowych systemów monitoringu, których zadaniem jest monitorowanie pojazdów kolejowych w ruchu oraz �� #�$�� '� ��&�� $�� ?�� F��wszystkim zapobieganie sytuacjom awaryjnym, usprawnienie procesów przewozowych oraz �� $� �� '� �$ $� �� '� �� $ Celem �� ?� �� -��!� �� '� �� ?� ��F� �� $� )�� '� �� m na problemie zmiany strategii utrzymania taboru. Systemy �� F�� ?�� !� �� ?�� !� �� ?� ��lepsze planowa �� $��# �� !�� !��

AUTOMATION OF THE CONDITION MONITORING OF ROLLINGSTOCK USING MACHNINE VISION TECHNOLOGY

Summary: The concept of using wayside condition monitoring systems is being widely developed around the world. The task of such systems is to monitor rolling stock passing and analyze signals (e.g. captured image of the component) related to their technical condition. In transportation system the major duties of automated monitoring systems are the prevention of emergency situations, improvement of transport pro-cesses and maintenance of rolling stock. A machine vision is used increasingly to meet these demands. The purpose of this paper is an attempt to search an approach for better utilization of rolling stock by rationaliza-tion cycles of inspection and repair at different levels of maintenance, paying particular attention to the pos-sibility of improvement the maintenance performed by carmen at railway siding. Systems based on machine vision technology can be used to develop a database for each train, that would allow to determine trends of components wear-and-tear that enable better planning, management and rolling stock maintenance and pre-vention of emergency situations.Keywords: railway transport, maintenance, safety


��# ��, Anna StelmachPolitechnika Warszawska, W�� Transportu

PROCEDURA KONTROLI MASY STATKU POWIETRZNEGO Z _).&/��4�*4�*$$�]

��<*�x)

G'�� : maj 2016

Streszczenie: Transport lotniczy, pomimo wielu wypadków lotniczych, do dnia obecnego jest jednym z najbezpieczniejszych form transportu$�� '� ��!��?��?�� ?� �� $�� '� �� ?� �� bez� �� !� �� ?� �� '�� F� �� lotniczego.W artykule �� '� �� '?�� !�� '?�� @�(��'� �� – ��?��$� �� ?� �� y �� ?� � dla wybranego typu statku powietrznego.@�� przedstawienie procedury kontroli masy statku powietrznego z ��'� � ��?��!� �� ?� �� '?�� u.��# �� ?� ��!�� '?��!��

PROCEDURE OF WEIGHT CONTROL AIRCRAFT WITHIN THE MASS OF PASSENGERS

Summary: Aviation, despite the many devastating airplane crashes that dreaded many people, to the present Day is one of the safest forms of transportation. This is because before each flight the aircraft is specifically checked, its load and balance is prepared and reviewed by many people. The concept of load and balance of the aircraft is important not only from the point of flight safety but also because of the amount of the costs incurred by the air operator.The article presents the concept of the weight of the aircraft, the aircraft’s center of gravity COG and the weight of the load = passenger. It also presents example filled aircraft loadsheet and trimsheet.The aim of this article is to introduce the reader to the problems of the aircraft weight with special emphasis on the mass of passengers, its impact on the respective position of aircraft COG.Keywords: weight of the aircraft, aircraft balance, loading of the aircraft


��"��#��9�� # ��, Nuno Vicente, Krzysztof Zembrowski, Aleksander Rakowicz�1��

Adam P. Dubowski��%��-��G�� w Poznaniu

NOWA )*��.]�.q�_�6�6$��_��9NA ZACZEPIE KULOWYM Z PRZEZNACZENIEM

�/5�*�4�*�)�*/365��.*�1)x)SAMOCHODOWYCH

G'�� : marzec 2016

Streszczenie: �� $� 6�� -�� G�� $�� ia laboratoryjne i stanowiskowe, testy drogowe i poligonowe �� samochodowych. �� ?� �� , stwierdzono ��'�� -�-3 do p�� $Opracowano modele wirtualne MP-�� '?�� !��'� �� -�-�$��'�� ?�� !�� '�� , �� ?� � �� ach i po terenie nieutwardzonym. MP-��'�� ?��?�� '�� wych zbudowanych w niedalekiej �� innych producentów.��# �� !�� !��%-G-EBS

THE NEW VERSION OF THE DEVICE TO MEASURE THE FORCES ON THE TOWING HITCH BALL INTENDED FOR MEDIUM-SIZED

VEHICLE SETS

Summary: Since 1998, the Power and Dynamics of Agricultural Machines Group (PIMR-BE) has carried out the development of a new generation of transport vehicles for agriculture and forestry. Research works covered laboratory and stationary tests, road tests of subsequently mounted the braking systems in test vehicle units. In order to expand the research capabilities of the medium-sized road vehicles there is the need to develop and build a new instrument to measure the forces on the hitch ball. MP-3 virtual models have been developed to determine the reduced levels of stress in the body of the gauge, then the real model of the MP-3was build. The new measuring instrument will be used to register the hitch ball forces during the transport of tracked vehicles units, tracked and wheeled tractors, machinery and tools at different quality of roads and off-roads. In the near future, MP-3 will be used to measure the forces on the hitch ball and the coupling of the medium-sized vehicles units made by other manufacturers.Keywords: dynamometer, force measurement, PIMR-EBS


��"��#��4��:�#��# �3� �� .�2"��1�� 2�;��"��

��%��-��G�� w Poznaniu

PORÓWNAWCZE BADANIA MODULATORÓW _39�_{$_/�6)*&6��$�-EBS DLA ZESTAWU POJAZDÓW MITSUBISHI L200

I NACZEPY NGS-03

G'�� : marzec 2016

Streszczenie: �� %-G-EBS zamontowanych na jednoosiowej naczepie NGS-03. W PIMR - ��%�� -��G�� '�� - �� 0�� '�� '� �� -@� �� !� �� $ $�wykorzystywany do transportu specjalizowanego 3-osobowego pojazdu terenowego. Przeprowadzone badania pierwszego modulatora M-�� 6:,� ��!� ?�� '?�� ?� � �� #�!�� &� ��automatycznie przechodzi w awaryjny tryb pracy. Postanowiono z�� F��--1, nowym modulatorem M-�� $� �� 6:,�z nowym modulatorem M-�!� �� F� �� !� �� laboratoryjnych, jak ��'��owych.��# �� !�modulator, zestaw pojazdów

COMPARATIVE TESTS OF THE MODULATORS MOUNTED IN THE PIMR-EBS BRAKE SYSTEM OF THE ROAD UNIT: MITSUBISHI L200 AND GOOSENECK

TRAILER NGS-03

Summary: The article presents the results of a comparative study of two types of modulator brake system PIMR-EBS mounted on a plate in the research single-axle trailer NGS-03. In the PIMR-Industrial Institute of Agricultural Engineering this research road unit consisting of a towing vehicle Mitsubishi L200 and coupled with the gooseneck trailer (GVW up to 3 tons) is used, among others, to transport the specialized side by side all-terrain vehicle. The tests of the first modulator M-1 showed its incorrect work. Studies examining the modulator M-1 showed that at the time of failure of compressors and pressure drop below the value (5.25 bar) it automatically goes into the emergency mode. It was decided to replace the damaged modulator M-1, with the new modulator M-2 made by another manufacturer. The tests performed of the PEBS braking system equipped with the new modulator M-2 showed the correctness of its operation both in the laboratory and the road initial tests.Keywords: electronic braking system, modulator, road unit


1�� (��# �3�� <�� *�� -��,�� !�� H� ��

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G'�� O��

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$*16�63�*5/4��365��EKSPLOATACYJNEJ W PROJEKTOWANIU

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EKSPLOATACYJNEJ PRZYDATNY )��6�*316)4�_)�1�PNYM STATKÓW

TRANSPORTOWYCH

G'�� O��

Streszczenie: �� ? � �� '��$�|�� ? � �� '��F� �� '�� ?�� $� �� !� ��'��F� �� ?�� zacowana �� charakterystyk oporowo-��'�� $� �� '��F� ��'�� ?�� '��$�� '��'�� '��$�� # �� '�� !� ��'��F� �� !� �� ?��

CALCULATION METHOD OF SERVICE SPEED IN PRELIMINARY DESIGN OF CARGO VESSELS

PART II: MATHEMATICAL MODEL SERVICE SPEED USEFUL IN PRELIMINARY DESIGN OF CARGO VESSELS

Summary: During the design of the vessels the most important decisions are made at the stage of preliminary design. One of the most important design parameters assumed by the shipowner is its service speed in real weather conditions occurring in the shipping line. In design practice, this speed in a very approximate estimate is only at the stage of technical design after the basin model test. It is recommended that the speed and power of the drive were already known at the stage of preliminary design. The article presents a concept model service speed useful in the design of the preliminary cargo vessels. Keywords: preliminary design of cargo vessel, service speed, weather conditions


Piotr Wasilewski,�� -�� @ ��:�� @ �� ,$*$¼�

�� -�� !�� : ��

��#��%��FRIMATRAIL Frenoplast S.A.

PRÓBY EKSPLOATACYJNE KOMPOZYTOWYCH WSTAWEK HAMULCOWYCH

TYPU K – )�9])�6�.�_)�1)3�436�.1�]3/_<]��/��)&64_

TOWAROWEGO

G'�� : � ��

Streszczenie: Dane zbierane podczas prób eksploatacyjnych ��?�F�� analizy �� ?�� #0@@& wagonu$� �� '� �� /�� $�:�� dla dwóch kompozytowych wstawek hamulcowy�� '� C%@!� �� ?�� $��!� ?��'� � �� ?��'�� ?�� F�� ?��ich ��!� ��'�� $��# �� !�� !��?��

SERVICE TEST OF TYPE K BRAKE SHOES – THE INFLUENCE OF BRAKE SHOE MATERIAL ON LIFE CYCLE COST OF FREIGHT WAGON

Summary: Service test of freight cars is a valuable source of the data that may be used to analyse the life cycle cost (LCC) of the vehicle. The paper presents the methodology for conducting service test of type K composite brake blocks and the results thereof. Based on the experimental data obtained for two type K com-posite brake blocks with the UIC approval, the effect of the type of composite material on the life cycle cost of the freight car is investigated. It has been shown that taking into account functional properties of the spare parts can justify bearing the higher cost of the purchase, resulting eventually in long-term savings.Keywords: service test, railway tread brake, life cycle cost


Andrzej Wolff�� !�� )��

MODELOWANIE I SYMULACJA NUMERYCZNA ��6�*�_)]$�4]��*�9){$_/��{

SAMOCHODOWYCH

G'�� O��aj 2016

Streszczenie: W artykule przedstawiono 2 rodzaje 2-wymiarowych osiowo-symetrycznych modeli �� #�� '��&O� �� $�� "�� $�� !�� $�� ?�� $� �� ?�� 2 wspomnianych rodzajów modeli. W przypadku �� "�� !� � �� '�� $� �� ? � �� !�przedstawiono tu nowe wyniki �� $�� # �� !� �� !� ��

MODELLING AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF HEAT TRANSFER PROCESS IN AUTOMOTIVE BRAKES

Summary: In the paper two kinds of two-dimensional axisymmetric models of the transient heat conduction in brake rotors (discs and drums) are presented: classical one and so called model with pulsating heat source.The relevant boundary conditions, that describe the heat generated in the brake and the heat transferred to ambient air, have been used. The problem has been solved by the use of the finite element method. Exempla-ry results of simulation using two mentioned kinds of models and the differences between them are present-ed. Especially the effect of temperature pulsation on friction surface, resulting from intermittent contact, has been shown in the case of the model with pulsating heat source. In contrast to the previous papers of the author, new calculation results have been presented.Keywords: automotive brakes, heat transfer modelling, finite element method calculation


Emil Wróblewski, Antoni Iskra, Maciej Babiak%��, � ��,�� )��!�� !�� -��G��

i Transportu

SYNTEZA WARSTWY NANORUREK )�&/6)]�{4�6)�*�.�{4�4654*�

1963��/4�3��/�4OWEGO

G'�� : marzec 2016

Streszczenie: �� ?� �� !�� silników spalinowych. Tak �� -��!�� !�� ?�� -korbowego. �� '� �� '��$�� '�� -cylinder.��# �� !�� '��!��

SYNTHESIS OF LAYER CARBON NANOTUBES ON THE BEATING SURFACE OF PISTON ENGINE

Summary: The bearing surface of the piston is given on a combustion engine to mechanical load, which is associated with the continuous improvement of internal combustion engines. So difficult working conditions elements of piston-crank mechanism, in particular the piston, creates certain problems in ensuring the desired stability and reliability of the piston-crank mechanism. Currently, surface treatment methods based on applying nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes, become a fast developing domain. The paper will be presents the procedure of forming carbon nanotubes on the bearing surface of the piston leading to reduction friction loss in the piston-cylinder group.Keywords: combustion engine, carbon nanotubes, friction loss


Piotr Zdanowicz�� !�� )��

6�*4)�9])_�*�{�]��]�1])4]�{ZAWIESZENIA SAMOCHODU NA REZULTATY

��&46�1]�.4]�{��^$6�1].16�x)

G'�� : � ��

Streszczenie: �� !� �� "�� $�� technicznego zawieszenia na rzeczywistych stanowis��!� �� #:�(6� � 6C,*-*&$� *�� '� �� ?��!��?�� ?��testerów.��# �� !�� , test BOGE, test EUSAMA

IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF VEHICLE SUSPENSION DISSIPATIVE FEATURES FOR SHOCK-ABSORBERS DIAGNOSTIC TESTS RESULTS

Summary: This work concerns the evaluation of the usefulness of diagnostic equipment used during the test for shock-absorbers mounted on the vehicle. This article describes the inspection results of suspension technical condition on the real stands, carrying out measurements according to two known methods (BOGE and EUSAMA). The analysis includes impact assessment of both the viscous damping and sliding friction in sus-pension for the final results of the shock-absorbers disassembly-free research, using three different testers.Keywords: viscous damping, sliding friction, Boge test, EUSAMA test


Marek Ziembicki Miejskie ��y Autobusowe Sp. z o.o. w Warszawie

Dariusz Pyza Politechnika Warszawska, �� )��

WYBRANE ASPEKTY EKSPLOATACJI TABORU NISKOEMISYJNEGO W TRANSPORCIE

PUBLICZNYM

G'�� O � ��

Streszczenie: �� a?� � �� niskoemisyjnych w transporcie publicznym. *�� ?� �� w transporcie publiczny�� $�H�� F!� ��?� �� $�� ?��!� �� z �� $ ��# �� tabor niskoemisyjny, ��

SELECTED ASPECTS EXPLOITATION OF LOW�EMISSION VEHICLES IN PUBLIC TRANSPORT

Abstract: )�� transport. Analysis �� $�:�� low�� >�� >�� $� *�� $ 3��: low�� >�� !�� buses exploitation

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