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Transcript of SPIRIT IN THE TIME José García de Castro Valdés SJ Institute of Spirituality. U.P. Comillas...
SPIRIT IN THE TIMESPIRIT IN THE TIME
José García de Castro Valdés SJJosé García de Castro Valdés SJInstitute of Spirituality. U.P. Comillas (Madrid-Spain)Institute of Spirituality. U.P. Comillas (Madrid-Spain)
11
PETER FABER (1506-1546) PETER FABER (1506-1546)
77
Spirituality of PresenceSpirituality of Presence
Spirituality of DialogueSpirituality of Dialogue
Spirituality of Spirituality of ObedienceObedience
Spirituality of Spirituality of ConversationConversation
Francis XAVIER (1506-1552)Francis XAVIER (1506-1552)
Spirituality of Spirituality of MissionMission
Spirituality of Spirituality of FervourFervour
Spirituality of Spirituality of Eternal KingEternal King
88
JEROME NADAL (1507-1580)JEROME NADAL (1507-1580)
Spirituality of the Spirituality of the Institute / Society of J.Institute / Society of J.
Spirit in ConstitutionsSpirit in Constitutions
Spirituality of Spirituality of FormationFormation
Spirituality of CharismaSpirituality of Charisma
99
DIEGO LAÍNEZ (1512 – DIEGO LAÍNEZ (1512 – 1565) 1565)
Spirituality of Spirituality of TheologyTheology
Spirituality: Defense Spirituality: Defense of Faihtof Faiht
Spirituality of GovernSpirituality of Govern
Spirituality of MissionsSpirituality of Missions
1010
Francis BORGIA (1510-1572)Francis BORGIA (1510-1572)
Spirituality of PrayerSpirituality of Prayer
Spirituality of Spirituality of AffectionAffection
Spirituality of Sin and Spirituality of Sin and CompunctionCompunction
Spirituality of MissionsSpirituality of Missions
1111
DIFICULTIES AND CONTROVERSIESDIFICULTIES AND CONTROVERSIES
1. Tendency to CLOISTER. Frs. ONFROY and OVIEDO1. Tendency to CLOISTER. Frs. ONFROY and OVIEDO
1212
Special “vocation” to Special “vocation” to silence, retreat and silence, retreat and prayerprayer
Vocation to Vocation to recogimientorecogimiento
Special influences Special influences – Mystics from north EuropeMystics from north Europe– FranciscansFranciscans Answer from Rome: Answer from Rome:
“De illusionibus “De illusionibus quibusdam” quibusdam” (Polanco, (Polanco, Rome, 1547)Rome, 1547)
DIFICULTIES AND CONTROVERSIESDIFICULTIES AND CONTROVERSIES
Fr. Antonio CordesesFr. Antonio Cordeses 1518 - 15611518 - 1561
Itinerario de la Itinerario de la perfecciónperfección
Tendency to silent Tendency to silent prayerprayer
Affective prayerAffective prayer The pleasure of The pleasure of
prayerprayer
1313
DIFICULTIES AND CONTROVERSIESDIFICULTIES AND CONTROVERSIES
1414
Fr. Baltasar Fr. Baltasar ÁlvarezÁlvarez
1533 – 15801533 – 1580
Novics MasterNovics Master
Prayer of SilencePrayer of Silence
““Too much Too much contemplative” (?)contemplative” (?)
DIFICULTIES AND CONTROVERSIESDIFICULTIES AND CONTROVERSIES
““Era el que más me Era el que más me aprovechó”aprovechó”
““He really was a He really was a saint man”saint man”
Both: contrast from Both: contrast from Borgia (1569) and Borgia (1569) and Mercuriano Mercuriano (1574.76)(1574.76)
1515
Fr. Claudio AQUAVIVA (e.G. 1581-Fr. Claudio AQUAVIVA (e.G. 1581-1615)1615)
Instructions on prayer Instructions on prayer 1581.83.881581.83.88
The “hour” of prayerThe “hour” of prayer The Spiritual FatherThe Spiritual Father 8 days Sp. Exercises8 days Sp. Exercises 1599: 1599: Ratio Studiorum Ratio Studiorum / /
DirectoriumDirectorium Sp. Exerc. Sp. Exerc. New conflict: New conflict:
Memorialistas Memorialistas
1616
Spiritual WritersSpiritual WritersLuis de la PuenteLuis de la Puente
1554 – 16241554 – 1624 Instructor TPInstructor TP Meditaciones de los Meditaciones de los
misterios de nuestra Santa misterios de nuestra Santa Fe Fe (400 eds.)(400 eds.)
Guía EspiritualGuía Espiritual Vida de P. Baltasar Álvarez Vida de P. Baltasar Álvarez
(Madrid 1615)(Madrid 1615)
1717
Spiritual WritersSpiritual Writers
Achiles Gagliardi SJAchiles Gagliardi SJ 1539 – 16071539 – 1607
Brefe Compendium of Brefe Compendium of Christian Perfection Christian Perfection (1611)(1611)
Commentary to the Commentary to the Rules of Discernment Rules of Discernment (Naples 1851)(Naples 1851)
Commentary on Spiritual Commentary on Spiritual Exercises Exercises (Naples 1882)(Naples 1882)
1818
Very close to Very close to quietism quietism movement, movement, pasivity in prayer.pasivity in prayer.
Spiritual Director of Spiritual Director of Isabella Berinzaga:Isabella Berinzaga:
Per via Per via annichilazioneannichilazione
Spiritual WritersSpiritual Writers Alonso RodríguezAlonso Rodríguez
(1538 – 1616)(1538 – 1616)
Exercise of Perfection Exercise of Perfection and Christian Virtues and Christian Virtues (Sevilla 1609)(Sevilla 1609)
300 editions300 editions translated to 23 translated to 23
languages: latin, french, languages: latin, french, italian, deutch, german, italian, deutch, german, english…english…
1919
Spiritual WritersSpiritual Writers
Common Reading in Common Reading in diocesan Seminaries, diocesan Seminaries, Formation Jesuit Formation Jesuit Communities and Communities and adpated to lay adpated to lay people.people.
Pope Pius XI: Saint Pope Pius XI: Saint Bernard and Saint Bernard and Saint BonaventureBonaventure
2020
Spiritual WritersSpiritual Writers Diego Alvarez de Diego Alvarez de
PazPaz 1561 – 16201561 – 1620
De Vita spiritali De Vita spiritali (1608)(1608) De exterminatione De exterminatione
mali et promotione mali et promotione boni boni (1613)(1613)
De inquisitione pacis De inquisitione pacis (1617)(1617)
2121
Spiritual WritersSpiritual Writers About love of God: Principle and Foundation…About love of God: Principle and Foundation… About Christian Perfection: Virtues and Ascetic LifeAbout Christian Perfection: Virtues and Ascetic Life About Prayer: Towards a Mystical Life:About Prayer: Towards a Mystical Life:
Intellectual PrayerIntellectual Prayer Afective PrayerAfective Prayer
Active ContemplationActive Contemplation Pasive ContemplationPasive Contemplation
Reaching God in 15 steps: last one: Silent Prayer Reaching God in 15 steps: last one: Silent Prayer and intuitive vision of God.and intuitive vision of God.
Eucharistic Prayer: extraordinary phenomenaEucharistic Prayer: extraordinary phenomena
2222
First Development of JesuitsFirst Development of Jesuits
GENERAL Nº JESUITAS PROVINCIAS COLEGIOS
IGNACIO DE L.(1540-1556)
1000 11 50
DIEGO LAÍNEZ(1558-1565)
3500 18 60(100 peticiones)
FCO. DE BORJA
(1566 – 1572)
3900 23 163
E. MERCURIANO(1573-1579)
5165 21 144
2323
FROM AQUAVIVA TO L. RICCI FROM AQUAVIVA TO L. RICCI (1615 – (1615 – 1758)1758)
The Structure of Formation: noviciate The Structure of Formation: noviciate and Tertianshipand Tertianship
Spiritual Exercises every yearSpiritual Exercises every year Renovation of VowsRenovation of Vows The hour / time for PrayerThe hour / time for Prayer The Exams of ConsciousnessThe Exams of Consciousness The presence and roll of “Spiritual The presence and roll of “Spiritual
Father”Father” 100 years of the SJ: 1639100 years of the SJ: 1639
2525
Spirit of MissionSpirit of Mission
From Portugal: 130 jesuits from Italy, From Portugal: 130 jesuits from Italy, Germany, Spain and Portugal to Germany, Spain and Portugal to Brail, África, India.Brail, África, India.
Germany: 1610 – 1730: 760 Germany: 1610 – 1730: 760 volunteersvolunteers
2727
Spirit of MissionSpirit of Mission
Alessandro Valignano Alessandro Valignano (1539-(1539-1606)1606)
Mateo Ricci (1552-16160)Mateo Ricci (1552-16160)
Robert de Nobili (1577-Robert de Nobili (1577-1656)1656)
Alexander de Rhodes Alexander de Rhodes (1591-1660)(1591-1660)
2828
Till the very End: Till the very End: Give LORD, and Give LORD, and receive…receive…
Martyrs of Brasil: July 15th 1570Martyrs of Brasil: July 15th 1570 Martyrs of Ethiopia: 1562 -1653Martyrs of Ethiopia: 1562 -1653 Martyrs of Salsete (India): July 25th 1583Martyrs of Salsete (India): July 25th 1583 Martyrs of Japan: 1617 and 1632Martyrs of Japan: 1617 and 1632 Martyrs of Tepehuanes (Méx.): Nov. Martyrs of Tepehuanes (Méx.): Nov.
16161616 Martyrs of Paraguay: Nov. 15th 1628Martyrs of Paraguay: Nov. 15th 1628 Martyrs of Canada: 1642 – 1649Martyrs of Canada: 1642 – 1649 Martyrs of Micronesia: April 2nd 1672Martyrs of Micronesia: April 2nd 1672
2929
Spirituality of Caring… (Mt. Spirituality of Caring… (Mt. 25)25)
Ignatius of LoyolaIgnatius of Loyola
Bachiller Diego de Hoces Bachiller Diego de Hoces (Padua 1538)(Padua 1538)
Paschasio Broët (Paris Paschasio Broët (Paris 1562)1562)
3131
Spirituality of Caring… (Mt Spirituality of Caring… (Mt 25)25)
More than 2000 jesuits More than 2000 jesuits as “Martyrs of Charity”as “Martyrs of Charity”
St. Louis Gonzaga St. Louis Gonzaga (1591)(1591)
St. Peter Claver (1654)St. Peter Claver (1654) France: 74 (1628-29)France: 74 (1628-29) Italy: 103 (1630)Italy: 103 (1630) Seville: 23 (1649)Seville: 23 (1649) Poland: 160 (1709)Poland: 160 (1709)
3232
Spirituality of Dying PeopleSpirituality of Dying People
Big interest of IgnatiusBig interest of Ignatius
First “Directory”: Fr. PolancoFirst “Directory”: Fr. Polanco
Very frequent ministryVery frequent ministry
Burgos 1578Burgos 1578
3333
Popular Missions in rural Popular Missions in rural AreasAreas
One jesuit or a One jesuit or a small Team of small Team of JesuitsJesuits
One week in a One week in a place:place:
PreachingsPreachings ConfessionsConfessions CommunionsCommunions ProcessionsProcessions
CofraternitiesCofraternities Pastoral ProjectPastoral Project
3434
Fr. Franciscus Regis1597 - 1640
Popular Missions in rural Popular Missions in rural AreasAreas
Fr. Pedro de Fr. Pedro de CalatayudCalatayud
1689-17731689-1773 Catecismo de la Catecismo de la
Doctrina ChristianaDoctrina Christiana
3535
Sharing Mission: Sharing Mission: ConfraternitiesConfraternities
P. Faber P. Faber / / D. Laínez D. Laínez - Parma 1540: - Parma 1540: Congregation of Congregation of Holy Name of Jesus.Holy Name of Jesus.
Ignatius Loyola Ignatius Loyola - - Rome 1547: Rome 1547: Congregation of Congregation of Holy ApostlesHoly Apostles
J. NadalJ. Nadal: Mesina : Mesina 15481548
LaínezLaínez: Padua, : Padua, Venecia, FerraraVenecia, Ferrara 3737
CONGREGATION OF OUR CONGREGATION OF OUR LADYLADY
Fr. Jean LeunisFr. Jean Leunis 1535 – 15841535 – 1584
C. of AnnunciationC. of Annunciation C. of Our LadyC. of Our Lady Pope Gregrory XIII 1584: Pope Gregrory XIII 1584:
first “Movement” for Lay first “Movement” for Lay People in the Church.People in the Church.
Austria 1665 Cong. “Christ Austria 1665 Cong. “Christ of Agony”: 68.554 membersof Agony”: 68.554 members
3838
From C. O. L. to C. L. C.From C. O. L. to C. L. C.
1585: 48 MM. CC1585: 48 MM. CC 1963: 85.000 MM. CC.1963: 85.000 MM. CC. 1971: May 31st: C.L.C.1971: May 31st: C.L.C.
57 Saints / 49 Blessed57 Saints / 49 Blessed 22 Founders or R. Congr.22 Founders or R. Congr. Francis Sales, John Francis Sales, John
Eudes, Alphonse Mª Eudes, Alphonse Mª Liguorio, John Baptiste Liguorio, John Baptiste La Salle, Camilo Lellis…La Salle, Camilo Lellis…
3939
SPIRITUAL EXERCISES. A. SPIRITUAL EXERCISES. A. EXP.EXP.
Genetic Code of the SJGenetic Code of the SJ Experience of First Jesuits: Experience of First Jesuits:
Paris, 1533 - 1534Paris, 1533 - 1534
Condition to join the SJCondition to join the SJ Cons. [Ex 65]Cons. [Ex 65] CG 4 1581: Sp. Ex 1st CG 4 1581: Sp. Ex 1st
ProbatioProbatio GC 6: 1608: 8-10 days / yearGC 6: 1608: 8-10 days / year GC Polocense II 1785: Re-GC Polocense II 1785: Re-
admisionadmision 4040
SPIRITUAL EXERCISES A. SPIRITUAL EXERCISES A. Exp.Exp.
4141
John Roothaan SJDec. 27, 1834
Fr. W. LedókowskyJune 9, 1935
Fr. Pedro Arrupe 1971
SPIRITUAL EXERCISES B. SPIRITUAL EXERCISES B. Apost.Apost.
Ignatius: Loyola-RomeIgnatius: Loyola-Rome First Jesuits: FabroFirst Jesuits: Fabro Formula Instituti SJFormula Instituti SJ WhyWhy? Cons [408-409]? Cons [408-409] HowHow? Directories: ? Directories:
O.D. 1599O.D. 1599 WhereWhere? Houses, ? Houses,
convents, Schools…convents, Schools… Val do Rosal (Lisboa-Val do Rosal (Lisboa-
1579, Fr. de Borja)1579, Fr. de Borja)
4242
SPIRITUAL EXERCISES B. SPIRITUAL EXERCISES B. Apost.Apost.
To WhomTo Whom: men, : men, women, children; one women, children; one to one, groups, open or to one, groups, open or “close” (“close” (DirectoriesDirectories))
1604: Ingolstad 16, 1604: Ingolstad 16, Dilinga 15, Ratisbone 7Dilinga 15, Ratisbone 7
Great Britain: groups Great Britain: groups up to 300 peopleup to 300 people
1727: France: 7 / 41727: France: 7 / 4
XVII CenturyXVII Century Diocesan PriestsDiocesan Priests Religious CongregationsReligious Congregations
XIX CenturyXIX Century Oblates of Virgin MaryOblates of Virgin Mary Parrochial Cooperators Parrochial Cooperators
of Christ Kingof Christ King Handmaids of Christ KHandmaids of Christ K. .
4343
IGNATIAN ESP. AND WOMENIGNATIAN ESP. AND WOMEN
Ignatius and womenIgnatius and women First Jesuits and First Jesuits and
womenwomen
Isabel Roser and her Isabel Roser and her Friends JesuitsFriends Jesuits
Other attempts…Other attempts…
If not Jesuits… what?If not Jesuits… what?
4444
IGNATIAN ESP. AND WOMENIGNATIAN ESP. AND WOMEN “I discover so many virtues in Master
Ignatius and his companions, that I pronounced a vow of living under his obedience and also a vow of chastity and poverty […]
I humbly plege to your Sanctity may you agree to make me of the same Congregation of Jesús --- and push Mtro. Ignatius to take the solemn vow in his hands…” (FD 698-99)
4545
IGNATIAN SP. AND WOMENIGNATIAN SP. AND WOMEN Oct. 1st 1546Oct. 1st 1546 Const [588]Const [588] FRI: Before the Suppression: 6FRI: Before the Suppression: 6
4646
JESUIT PLACE CONGR. FOUNDERFr. Étienne Gouyon SJ Dôle Ursulinas de Dôle 1585
Ana de Xaintogne
Fr. Bordes SJ Burdeos Daughters of Our Lady
1607J. de Lestonac
Fr. Bartolome Jacquinot
Lyon Order of Incarnate Word
1633Chézard de Matel
Fr. Pièrre Médaille
Sisters of Saint Joseph, Good Sepherd
1650
Germany Damas Inglesas 1609Mary Ward
IGNATIAN SP. AND WOMENIGNATIAN SP. AND WOMEN
4747
YEARS
Nº YEARS
Nº YEARS Nº
1815-1830
32 1871-1880
21 1921-1930
17
1831-1840
23 1881-1890
15 1931-1940
07
1841-1850
17 1891-1900
10 1941-1950
15
1851-1860
13 1901-1910
11 1951-1976
04
1861-1870
17 1911-1920
07 TOTAL:
209!
After the Restoration - 1814
IGNATIAN SP. AND WOMENIGNATIAN SP. AND WOMEN
4848
EUROPE 166 N. AMERICA 35France 76 United States 24Spain 29 Canadá 11Italy 26 Belgium 14 Irland 05 Holand 05 Germany 03 Poland 02 Sweden 01
IGNATIAN SP. AND WOMENIGNATIAN SP. AND WOMEN
4949
IBEROAM 28 ASIA 12
México 8 India 7Argentina 5 Siria 1Chile 4 Líbano 1Colombia 2 Tailandia 1Guatemala 1 Sri Lanka 1Ecuador 1 Indonesia 1Cuba 1 Venezuela 1 Bolivia 1 Perú 1
IGNATIAN SP. AND WOMENIGNATIAN SP. AND WOMEN
5050
ÁFRICA 7 OCEANIA 4
Argelia 2 Australia 4Zaire 2
A. 1 Nigeria 1 Zambia 1
Spiritual literature XVII Spiritual literature XVII centurycentury
France: 23France: 23 Portugal and Spain: Portugal and Spain:
1313 Italay: 8 titlesItalay: 8 titles Germany: 10 titlesGermany: 10 titles Poland and Lituania: Poland and Lituania:
33 Belgium / Holland: 9Belgium / Holland: 9 Many books of Many books of
devotion…devotion…
See listSee list Topics: prayer, Topics: prayer,
ascetic practics, ascetic practics, Passion of Christ, Passion of Christ, perfection, perfection, sanctification, sanctification, conformation with conformation with Christ, Love of Christ, Love of God…God…
5151
SOME IGNATIAN DEVOTIONSSOME IGNATIAN DEVOTIONS
To frequent To frequent communion communion
To Mary, Our LadyTo Mary, Our Lady To Saint JosephTo Saint Joseph To AngelsTo Angels To PurgatoryTo Purgatory To SACRED HEART To SACRED HEART
OF JESUSOF JESUS
5252
Devotion to Sacred Heart of Devotion to Sacred Heart of JesusJesus
Faber and BorjaFaber and Borja Agaisnt JansenismAgaisnt Jansenism Peter CanisiusPeter Canisius Louis LallemantLouis Lallemant Paray-Le Monial: San Paray-Le Monial: San
Claudio de la Colomb.Claudio de la Colomb. 1733: 700 fraternities1733: 700 fraternities Macao and Pekin: 2Macao and Pekin: 2 1708 China: 1 church 1708 China: 1 church
5353
SPIRITUALITY FOR HARD SPIRITUALITY FOR HARD TIMESTIMES
1773 1773 DaRDaR – 1814 – 1814 SoESoE
5454
Fr. Lorenzo RicciFr. Lorenzo Ricci Elected: May 21st 1758Elected: May 21st 1758 Jesuits expelled: 1759 Jesuits expelled: 1759
Portugal; 1764 France; Portugal; 1764 France; 1767 Spain1767 Spain
Died in Sant Angelo Died in Sant Angelo (Rome, Nov. 24, 1775)(Rome, Nov. 24, 1775)
Letters to the Society of Letters to the Society of JesusJesus
RESTORED SOCIETY RESTORED SOCIETY (1814 – (1814 – 1965)1965)
Fr. General: 1829-53Fr. General: 1829-53 Man of Sp. ExercisesMan of Sp. Exercises Virtues and study: letter Dec. Virtues and study: letter Dec.
27, 183427, 1834 Formation: Nov. / T.Formation: Nov. / T. Identity and MissionIdentity and Mission MISSIONS: 1831: Siria; 1834 MISSIONS: 1831: Siria; 1834
Calcuta; 1841 Mankin; 1844 Calcuta; 1841 Mankin; 1844 Madagascar; 1848 AustraliaMadagascar; 1848 Australia
5555
RESTORED SOCIETY OF RESTORED SOCIETY OF JESUSJESUS
YEAR JESUITS FR. GENERAL
1814 600 John ROOTHAAN
1853 5000 John ROOTHAAN
1883 11.000 Peter BECKX
1892 13.000 Anthony ANDERLY
1906 15.000 Luis MARTIN
1936 25.000 Francisco J. WERNZ
5656
CONTEMPORARY SOCIETYCONTEMPORARY SOCIETY1965 - 20141965 - 2014
GG.CC 31 – 33: Fr. ARRUPE PERIODGG.CC 31 – 33: Fr. ARRUPE PERIOD
5858
GG.CC 31 – 33: Fr. ARRUPE GG.CC 31 – 33: Fr. ARRUPE PERIODPERIOD
GC 31GC 31 BACK to the SourcesBACK to the Sources Sp. Exercises and Sp. Exercises and
apostolic apostolic discernmentdiscernment
Collaborators.Collaborators. Call to prayerCall to prayer InculturationInculturation GC 32 - 33GC 32 - 33 Service to Faith and Service to Faith and
promotion of Justicepromotion of Justice Sp. Of EncarnationSp. Of Encarnation
47 jesuits killed 47 jesuits killed (1973-2006)(1973-2006)
5959
GG.CC 34-35 (1995-2014)GG.CC 34-35 (1995-2014)
Mission of ChistMission of Chist Mission in Culture, Mission in Culture,
Justice, DialogueJustice, Dialogue Mission for others / Mission for others /
with otherswith others Emerging of Emerging of
Woman (GC 34 d Woman (GC 34 d 14)14)
Sp. of Anot. 19Sp. of Anot. 19
Spirituality of Spirituality of EcologyEcology
Sp. of Sp. of ReconciliationReconciliation
Sp. of LeadershipSp. of Leadership
6060