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    SPIN

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    Spina bifida is a birth defect that involves the incomplete developmentof the spinal cord or its coverings. The term spina bifida comes from

    Latin and literally means "split" or "open" spine.

    Spina bifida is a birth defect that involves the incomplete development

    of the spinal cord or its coverings. The term spina bifida comes from

    Latin and literally means "split" or "open" spine.

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    Spina bifida occurs at the end of the first month of pregnancy when the

    two sides of the embryo's spine fail to join together, leaving an open

    area. In some cases, the spinal cord or other membranes may push

    '

    Spina bifida occurs at the end of the first month of pregnancy when the

    two sides of the embryo's spine fail to join together, leaving an open

    area. In some cases, the spinal cord or other membranes may push

    '

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    The condition can typically be detected before a baby is born and

    t reated right away.

    The condition can typically be detected before a baby is born and

    t reated right away.

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    The cond on can typ cally be detectedbefore a baby is born and

    treated right away.

    The condition can typically be detectedbefore a baby is born and

    treated right away.

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    The causes of spina bifida are largely unknown. Some evidence

    suggests that genes may be involved, but in most cases there is no

    familial connection. A high fever during pregnancy may increase awoman's chances of having a baby with spina bifida.

    The causes of spina bifida are largely unknown. Some evidence

    suggests that genes may be involved, but in most cases there is no

    familial connection. A high fever during pregnancy may increase awoman's chances of having a baby with spina bifida.

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    Women wit epilepsy who have taken the drug valproic acid to control

    seizures may have an increased risk of having a baby with spina bifida.

    Women with epilepsy who have taken the drug valproic acid to control

    seizures may have an increased risk of having a baby with spina bifida.

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