Assignment No ( )

Assignment on English Spelling Rules

Subject : Tech & Bussiness Writting

Program : BBA (Hons) 2nd

Section : (A)

ID# : 7397

Submitted To: Sir Irshad

Submitted By : Adnan Khan

QURTUBA UNIVERSITY Of Science And Information Technology

SPELLING RULES

Final consonant

1: One-syllable words ending in single vowel + single consonant double the consonantbefore a suffix beginning with a vowel.beg + ed = begged -- rob + er = robberrun + ing = running -- sad + est = saddestbut:wish + ed = wished (two consonants)fear + ing = fearing (two vowels)

2: Words of two or three syllables ending in single vowel + single consonant doublethe final consonant if the last syllable is stressed.begin + ing = beginning -- occur + ed = occurredpermit + ed = permitted -- control + er = controllerThe consonant is not doubled if the last syllable is not stressed.benefit + ed = benefited -- suffer + ing = sufferingThese words are exceptions: worship, kidnap, handicap.worship + ed = worshipped -- handicap + ed = handicappedkidnap + er = kidnapper

3: In British English the consonant l is doubled, even if the stress does not fall on thelast syllabiquarrel + ed = quarreled -- signal + ing = signallingtravel + er = traveler -- distil + er = distillerNote the exception:-parallel + ed = paralleled

4: If the word to which the suffix ful is added ends in ll, the second l is dropped.skill + ful = skilful -- will + ful = wilful

Final E5: Words ending in silent e drop the e before a suffix beginning with a vowel.live + ing = living -- move + ed = movedhome + ing = homing -- drive + er = driverThe e remains before a suffix beginning with a consonant,hope + ful = hopefulengage + ment = engagement

Note the exceptions:-

true + ly = trulywhole + ly = whollydue + ly = dulynine + th = ninthargue + ment = argumentawe + ful = awful

6: Notice the special case of words ending in ce and ge which keep the e when addingable and ous.notice + able = noticeablepeace + able = peaceablechange + able = changeablecourage + ous = courageousIn such words the c and g are pronounced soft before e. Sometimes the e is retained toavoid confusion with a similar word.singe + ing = singeing (avoids confusion with singing)swinge + ing = swingeing (avoids confusion with swinging)

7: Words ending in ee do not drop an e before a suffix.see + ing = seeingagree + ment = agreement

8: Words ending in ie change the ie to y when ing is added.die, dyingtie, tying,lie, lyingFinal y

9: A final y following a consonant changes to i before a suffix except ing.happy + ly = happilycarry + ed = carriedbeauty + ful = beautifulmarry + age = marriageBut:carry + ing = carryingmarry + ing = marryingBut y following a vowel does not change.pray + ed = prayed

play + er = player

Notice a few exceptions:-pay + ed = paidday + ly = dailysay + ed = saidgay + ly = gailylay + ed = laidie or ei

10: When ie or ei is pronounced like ee in 'jeep', i comes before e except after c.believe -- receiverelieve -- receiptachieve -- deceivegrieve -- deceit,yield -- conceivefield -- conceitSome exceptions :Seize -- protein -- counterfeitWeird -- surfeit -- plabeian