Speeches

Part I

Two Write A SpeechAnd other useful things

Types of SpeechesInformative Speaking

Persuasive Speaking

After Dinner Speeches

Impromptu

Informative Speaking Used to:

Give Directions/Explain a ProcessEx. “how to tie your shoes”

Describe an Object/Thing/IdeaEx. “giving a speech on the economy of France”

Clarify a ConceptEx. “giving a speech examining the idea of

nonviolent resistance”

Persuasive Speaking What is a Persuasive Speech?

A speech that not only informs, but also asks the audience to do something based on the information given

A persuasive speech demands you:Convince you audience to believe as you do Influence you audience to do some sort of action

Ex. Convincing your parents/guardian to let you do

something

Appeals of Persuasive Speaking

Logical Appeal: Comes from the Greek word, “logos” Argument uses facts, reason, logic, proof

Emotional Appeal: Greek word, “pathos” An argument that appeals to the audiences

emotions “Tugs at your heart stings”

Personal Appeal Greek word, “ethos” Audiences listens because they trust your

credibility or agree with your morals

After Dinner Speaking

These are usually informative or persuasive speeches, but with a comedic twist

The speaker is attempting to inform or persuade through humorPunsPlay on WordsJokesRespectfully poking fun at other audience

members

Format of a Speech I

Attention Getter (Anecdote, Question, Quotation, Humor, Shocking Statistic)

Link

Thesis

Preview Statement Introduce the three points you will be discussing in the speech

Attention Getters I Anecdote - A personal story that would relate to

the topic “when I was a kid, my father would tell me ‘the early

bird catches the worm’…”

Question - asking a question to introduce the subject “How many people in here have ever procrastinated?”

Quotation - using a quotation (usually famous) to draw in an audience and introduce the subject “Martin Luthor King Jr. once said, ‘love is the only force

capable of transforming an enemy to a friend.’

Attention Getters II Humor - using jokes, anti-jokes, puns, funny

stories, etc, to introduce your topic “3 procrastinators walk into a…”

Shocking Statistic “99 in 100 people will experience the effects of

procrastination in their lifetime”

Format of Speech II1. Topic 1

1. Make sure to verbally cite your sources “according to CNN,” “Fox,” “Journal Article,” etc.

2. Explain topic in detail

2. Repeat for Topics 2 and 3

Format of a Speech IIIConclusion

Summarize (review) points 1, 2, & 3

Tie all three points together

ClincherTry to tie you closing statement back into your attention

getter

TransitionsMake sure to use transitions between

the Introduction, Points 1, 2, & 3, the Conclusion, and the Conclusion should connect to the Attention Getter

Transitions - are words, phrases, or sentences that connect one topic or idea to another

Impromptu Speaking Brief speeches with little or no

preparation

The subject is usually chosen for the speaker and the speaker is usually asked to explain:Words (love, greed, happiness)Quotations (“we have nothing to fear, but fear

itself” or “the early bird catches the worm.”People/Places/Events (MLK, Vietnam War Memorial,

or 9/11)The speech is typically less than 10 minutes

Impromptu Speaking Format

1. Statement of Main Topic (“I agree with the statement “the early bird catches the worm, here’s why”).1. Needs an Attention Getter

2. Support the Main Topic with examples, illustrations, statistics, and testimonies1. Usually 2-3 points

2. Don’t usually need sources

3. Conclusion1. Restate the main idea

Speech part II

Audiences 1.Types of Audiences

1.Supportive Audiences - Audience members like or agree with what you have to say

2.Uncommitted Audiences - Neutral audience; they have no opinion on the topic you are presenting

3.Indifferent Audiences - Audiences that appear bored or uninterested in the topic

Types of Audiences II1. Captive Audiences (different from

“captivated’) - Audiences that are forced to be in attendance (ie. YOU)

2. Opposed Audiences - Members are hostile towards you, what you’re promoting, or both.

Writing a Speech

Picking a TopicIf you are given the ability to choose

your topic:Pick something you’re interested inPick something that you would like to

know more about If a topic is assigned to you

Try to find something interesting about your topic