SPEECH WRITING

BASIC STEPS

3 GENERAL TYPES OF SPEECHES1. PERSUASIVE2. INFORMATIVE3. SPEECHES for SPECIAL OCCASIONS:

examples: a). Valedictory Address

b). Inspirational/Motivational Speech

c). Acceptance Speech

THE TOPICBefore you go any further you need to know:

● WHO you are writing your speech for (the audience)● WHAT your speech is going to be about (its topic)● - the main points ranked in order of importance with

supporting research● HOW LONG it needs to be: 3 minutes, 5 minutes...Having an overview or outline will reduce the time and possible stress involved in writing and preparing your speech. Believe me, they work!

FORMATSPEECH FORMATThe basic speech format is simple. It consists of three parts:1. an opening or introduction2. the body where the bulk of the information

is given3. and an ending (or summary).

Think of it as a sandwich. The opening and ending are the slices of bread holding the filling (body) together.You can build yourself a simple sandwich with one filling or you can go gourmet and add up to three or even five. The choice is yours.But whatever you choose to serve, as a good cook, you need to consider who is going to eat it! And that's your audience.

THE INTRODUCTIONAttention grabber

Remember your audience will not be feeling any of the anxiety you are likely to feel. After all, their requirements are few: sitting, listening. It may be tempting for you to launch into the meat of your material, eager to prove that you have something to offer from the get-go. However, do yourself and your audience a

favor and have something interesting to say at the beginning—an

anecdote, a joke, or a question that will allow them time to settle in and focus.

THE INTRODUCTIONIntroduction

After you’ve grabbed their attention, use the introduction of your speech to let the audience know what to expect. It will help you keep their attention, and they will know that you are unlikely to drone on endlessly. Experts suggest that between three and four topics are advisable along with a conclusion.

INTRODUCTION

BODYBody

Sticking firmly to the topics you’ve introduced will be easier if you create each section like a mini-paper. Have an introduction, main body, and conclusion here as well. No one likes to simply be read at, so you will help yourself to stay on-topic by having this outline in your memory, on a blackboard, or on a slide. Keep in mind too that all sections need not be equal in length. Spend time deciding and writing the ones that need the most emphasis and do not make a shorter topic longer than it needs to be.

BODYBody

1. TOPIC SENTENCE2. EXAMPLE - PERSONAL EXPERIENCE is

ADVISABLE3. ANALYSIS or REFLECTION

BODYBody

1. TOPIC SENTENCE2. EXAMPLE - PERSONAL EXPERIENCE is

ADVISABLE3. ANALYSIS or REFLECTION

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

This often seems to be the most problematic part for the speechwriter. Have you said enough? Too much? If you say “finally” or “in conclusion,” be prepared to end the speech pretty quickly. Audiences know that it’s over; to keep going can irritate them and may even lose any good will you’ve accumulated. So take care in your speech writing to draw an apt and memorable conclusion. And stick to it!

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

This often seems to be the most problematic part for the speechwriter. Have you said enough? Too much? If you say “finally” or “in conclusion,” be

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

This often seems to be the most problematic part for the speechwriter. Have you said enough? Too much? If you say “finally” or “in conclusion,” be

SPEECH DELIVERYSPEECH DELIVERY

Practice, practice. Once you have your speech written, practice it several times until you feel comfortable with the entire process. If possible, gather a few trusted friends to listen to you and offer constructive criticism....We promise that you’ll live to tell the story!

SPEECH DELIVERYSPEECH DELIVERY

You must seek to project sincerity!

writing a speech

SPEECH DELIVERYSPEECH DELIVERY

TWO ROUTES TO PROJECTING SINCERITY

PHYSICAL DELIVERY – POSTURE – MOVEMENT – EYE CONTACT –

FACIAL EXPRESSION – GESTURES

writing a speech

SPEECH DELIVERYSPEECH DELIVERY

TWO ROUTES TO PROJECTING SINCERITY

VOCAL DELIVERY – INFLECTION – VOLUME (loudness) – RATE

writing a speech

SPEECH DELIVERYPhysical - Posture

Good posture suggests an alert, knowledgeable, interested person

Stand balanced and erect on both feet

DO NOT use lectern for body support

Shoulders back but relaxed

Face front as much as possible

writing a speech

SPEECH DELIVERYPhysical – Movement

• Attracts & holds audience attention

• Can physically relax audience

• Can emphasize oral transitions

HOW?

• Be smooth • Coordinate to content • Be meaningful

writing a speech

SPEECH DELIVERYPhysical – Eye Contact

WHY?

• Builds rapport with audience • Significantly increases credibility • Increases “favorability” of oral content

How?

• Look at one person at a time • Don’t be mechanical • Vary across all of audience

writing a speech

SPEECH DELIVERYPhysical – Facial ExpreSsions

WHY?

• Determines impact of message • Lack of emotion suggests you don’t care • Suggests you want to be talking to them

HOW?

• It’s okay to smile/frown/sneer/laugh/etc. as long it matches the content • Don’t grimace if you make a mistake • Never appear to lose

emotional control

writing a speech

SPEECH DELIVERYPhysical - Gestures

Why?

• Retains audience attention • Describes or clarifies • Accents or emphasizes

How?

• Coordinate to content • Use a variety of gestures • Complete the gestures – Use the whole body

writing a speech

SPEECH DELIVERYVocal - Inflection

Inflection is the use of variety in pitch or frequency of voice.

• Statements of fact tend to end with down inflections • Questions and exclamations usually end with up

inflections. • Can communicate fine shades of meaning and nuance

writing a speech

SPEECH DELIVERYVocal - Volume

Volume (loudness) is a perception of energy used in voice production.

• Speaker must at ALL times be audible to audience • Variety will help retain attention • May be used to convey

nuance and emotion (shout vs. stage whisper)

writing a speech

SPEECH DELIVERYVocal - Volume

Volume (loudness) is a perception of energy used in voice production.

• Speaker must at ALL times be audible to audience • Variety will help retain attention • May be used to convey

nuance and emotion (shout vs. stage whisper)

writing a speech

SPEECH DELIVERY

writing a speech

SPEECH DELIVERY

writing a speech

SPEECH DELIVERY

writing a speech

SPEECH DELIVERY

writing a speech

OPTIMIST SPEECH SAMPLE 2015

OPTIMIST SPEECH SAMPLE 2015