speech style of alice kingsley in the movie alice in wonderland

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SPEECH STYLE OF ALICE KINGSLEY IN THE MOVIE ALICE IN WONDERLAND A GRADUATING PAPER Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Gaining the Bachelor Degree in English Literature By: Amelia Permata Putri 10150026 ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF ADAB AND CULTURAL SCIENCES STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA 2014

Transcript of speech style of alice kingsley in the movie alice in wonderland

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SPEECH STYLE OF ALICE KINGSLEY

IN THE MOVIE ALICE IN WONDERLAND

A GRADUATING PAPER

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Gaining

the Bachelor Degree in English Literature

By:

Amelia Permata Putri

10150026

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF ADAB AND CULTURAL SCIENCES

STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SUNAN KALIJAGA

YOGYAKARTA

2014

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SPEECH STYLE OF ALICE KINGSLEY IN THE MOVIE ALICE IN

WONDERLAND

Oleh: Amelia Permata Putri

ABSTRAK

Bahasa telah berkembang pesat dalam masyarakat dan memunculkan

adanya variasi bahasa. Salah satunya adalah gaya bahasa, yaitu yang berhubungan

dengan tingkat formalitas yang ditentukan berdasarkan situasi, kondisi, dan

kebutuhan saat peristiwa tutur terjadi. Pada umumnya, seseorang berbicara formal

pada orang yang baru dikenal, lebih tua, atau lebih tinggi status sosialnya. Akan

tetapi, dalam film Alice in Wonderland, lawan bicara Alice tidaklah terbatas pada

manusia saja, melainkan makhluk-makhluk Wonderland yang terdiri dari hewan

dan tanaman yang bisa berbicara. Oleh karena itu, penulis bermaksud

menganalisis 1) bagaimana gaya bicara Alice Kingsley terhadap setiap karakter

dalam film Alice in Wonderland dan 2) bagaimana situasi tutur Alice dalam film

tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif dan teori SPEAKING

yang diusulkan oleh Dell Hymes yang terdiri dari latar, lawan bicara, tujuan,

urutan kejadian, nada bicara, jalur percakapan, norma, dan kategori bahasa

dipertimbangkan untuk menentukan gaya bicara seseorang. Kemudian, hasil yang

diperoleh dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Alice sebagian besar berbicara

tidak formal kepada karakter-karakter di film ini. Alice hanya berbicara formal

pada 1 karakter dalam salah satu kasus peristiwa tutur karakter-karakter tertentu.

Dapat dikatakan Alice berbicara tidak formal kepada 18 karakter. Di film ini,

Alice juga menggunakan dua jenis gaya bicara pada 3 karakter. Setiap jenisnya

tergantung pada kasus situasi tuturnya. Gaya bicara formal tidak selalu dilakukan

di tempat formal atau sebaliknya. Begitu juga dengan aspek-aspek SPEAKING

yang lain.

Kata kunci: gaya bicara, lawan bicara, situasi tutur, formal, kasual, SPEAKING

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SPEECH STYLE OF ALICE KINGSLEY IN THE MOVIE ALICE IN

WONDERLAND

By: Amelia Permata Putri

ABSTRACT

Language has developed quickly in society and causes the existence of

language variations. One of them is speech style in which it deals with the level of

formality determined based on the situation, condition, and need of the speech

event. Generally, someone speaks formally to the person who has just been known,

is older, or is higher in status. However, in the film Alice in Wonderland, Alice’s

interlocutors are not only limited to humans, but also the Wonderland creatures

that consist of talking animals and plants. Hence, the writer intends to analyze 1)

how Alice Kingsley’s speech style toward each character in the movie Alice in

Wonderland is and 2) what factors influence Alice’s speech style in that film. This

study is conducted by using qualitative method and SPEAKING theory proposed

by Dell Hymes where the setting and scene, participants, ends, act sequence, key,

instrumentalities, norms of interaction and interpretation, and genre are

considered to determine someone’s speech style. Then, the result gotten from this

study shows that Alice speaks casually toward the characters in this movie. She

only speaks formally to 1 character in one of speech event cases of certain

characters. It can be said that Alice also speaks casually to 18 characters. In this

movie, Alice also uses two kinds of speech style to 3 characters. Each kind

depends on the case of the speech situation. Formal speech style does not always

happen in a formal place or vice versa. This goes the same with the other aspects

of SPEAKING.

Keywords: speech style, participant, speech situation, formal, casual, SPEAKING

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MOTTO

Do what you believe

since your heart will always lead you the way.

Strive not to be a success,

but rather to be of value. (Albert Einstein)

Start where you are.

Use what you have. Do what you can. (Arthur Ashe)

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DEDICATION

I dedicate this final project to:

1. my beloved parents and little sister,

2. my big family,

3. my honorable lecturers,

4. English department of UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, and

5. all of my friends.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Assalamu’alaikum wr. wb.

Praise to Allah SWT, the Creator of everything, who has given His mercy

and His blessing to all of human beings and to me, so that this graduating paper

entitled “Speech Style of Alice Kingsley in the Movie Alice in Wonderland” can

be completed on time. In addition, I do appreciate and feel grateful to those who

always support me in finishing this graduating paper. Those people are:

1. My parents and my little sister who always care about me and pray for my

success.

2. Mr. Bambang Hariyanto, SS, MA as my advisor who has given his

guidance, criticism, and advice to complete this graduating paper.

3. Mr. Margo Yuwono, M. Hum. as my academic advisor.

4. The Chief of English Department, Mr. Fuad Arif Fudiyartanto, S. Pd, M.

Hum., M. Ed.

5. The Dean of Adab and Cultural Sciences Faculty, Dr. Hj. Siti Maryam, M.

Ag.

6. Mrs. Jiah Fauziah, M. Hum., Mrs. Febriyanti Dwiratna, M. Hum., Mr. Arif

Budiman, M. A., Mr. Danial Hidayatullah, M. Hum., and other lecturers of

English Department in UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta that cannot be

mentioned one by one.

7. My big family in Kulon Progo who has always prayed for my success in

finishing my study in UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta.

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8. My beloved friends; Fajar Nur Indriyani, Ummi Fitriyah, Yuniarti,

Nurhayati, Ahmad Tito Bramudia, Ida Nurrokhimah, Vivi Nurwulan, Ulfa

Puspa, Asri Inayati, Ari Wicaksono, Mohammad Khoir, Desi

Lestariningsih, Anita Nur Hanifah, Laila Maisyaroh, Nurhartati, and other

friends who always give me motivation to finish this graduating paper.

I realize that there is no such thing as perfection. Possibly, there are some

mistakes in my graduating paper, thus there is a need for them to be revised. That

is why, I do appreciate the readers who are willing to give their criticism and

advice to improve my graduating paper.

Wassalamu’alaikum wr. wb.

Yogyakarta, 5 June 2014

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE........................................................................................................... i

FINAL PROJECT STATEMENT ................................................................. ii

PENGESAHAN ............................................................................................ iii

NOTA DINAS .............................................................................................. iv

ABSTRAK ................................................................................................... v

ABSTRACT ................................................................................................. vi

MOTTO........................................................................................................ vii

DEDICATION.............................................................................................. viii

AKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................... ix

TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................. xi

LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................... xiii

LIST OF APPENDICES ............................................................................... xiv

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................ 1

1.1 Background of Study .................................................... 1

1.2 Problem Statements....................................................... 6

1.3 Objectives of Study ....................................................... 6

1.4 Significances of Study................................................... 7

1.5 Literature Review.......................................................... 7

1.6 Theoretical Approach .................................................... 12

1.7 Method of Research ...................................................... 12

1.7.1 Type of Research .......................................................... 12

1.7.2 Data Sources ................................................................. 13

1.7.3 Data Collection Technique ............................................ 13

1.7.4 Data Analysis Technique............................................... 14

1.7.5 Paper Organization ........................................................ 15

CHAPTER 2 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND ............................... 16

2.1 Language and Style ....................................................... 16

2.2 Style Classification ....................................................... 16

2.2.1 Formal Style ................................................................. 17

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2.2.2 Informal or Casual Style ............................................... 17

2.3 Sociolinguistics ............................................................. 18

2.4 Dell Hymes’s SPEAKING Theory ................................ 19

2.4.1 S (Setting and Scene) .................................................... 19

2.4.2 P (Participants).............................................................. 20

2.4.3 E (Ends) ........................................................................ 21

2.4.4 A (Act Sequence) .......................................................... 21

2.4.5 K (Key) ......................................................................... 22

2.4.6 I (Instrumentalities) ....................................................... 22

2.4.7 N (Norms of Interaction and Interpretation) .................. 23

2.4.8 G (Genre) ...................................................................... 23

CHAPTER 3 DISCUSSION ............................................................... 24

3.1 Research Findings ......................................................... 24

3.2 Analysis ........................................................................ 27

3.2.1 Alice’s Speech toward Her Father, Charles Kingsley..... 27

3.2.2 Alice’s Speech toward Her Mother, Helen Kingsley ...... 32

3.2.3 Alice’s Speech toward Hamish Ascot ............................ 36

3.2.4 Alice’s Speech toward Faith and Fiona Chattaways ....... 40

3.2.5 Alice’s Speech toward Her Sister, Margaret .................. 44

3.2.6 Alice’s Speech toward Lady Ascot ................................ 47

3.2.7 Alice’s Speech toward Her Aunt, Imogene .................... 52

3.2.8 Alice’s Speech toward Her Sister’s Husband, Lowell .... 55

3.2.9 Alice’s Speech toward the Caterpillar, Absolem ............ 59

3.2.10 Alice’s Speech toward Chesire Cat................................ 63

3.2.11 Alice’s Speech toward the Bloodhound, Bayard ............ 68

3.2.12 Alice’s Speech toward the Red Queen, Iracebeth........... 73

3.2.13 Alice’s Speech toward Mad Hatter ................................ 78

3.2.14 Alice’s Speech toward the Tweedles ............................. 83

3.2.15 Alice’s Speech toward the Dormouse, Mallymkun ........ 87

3.2.16 Alice’s Speech toward the White Rabbit, Mc Twisp ...... 91

3.2.17 Alice’s Speech toward the Knave, Ilosovic Stayne ........ 95

3.2.18 Alice’s Speech toward the White Queen, Mirana........... 99

3.2.19 Alice’s Speech toward Jabberwocky ............................. 104

3.2.20 Alice’s Speech toward Lord Ascot ................................ 108

CHAPTER 4 CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION .......................... 113

REFERENCES ............................................................................................. 115

APPENDIX I ................................................................................................ 117

APPENDIX II ............................................................................................... 120

APPENDIX III ............................................................................................. 134

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LIST OF FIGURES

Page

Fig. 1 and 2. The shots of Alice’s father notices Alice near the door of

the study room ......................................................................... 29

Fig. 3. The shot of Alice tells her nightmare to her father in her

bedroom ................................................................................... 29

Fig. 4 and 5. The shots of Alice and her mother in the horse-drawn

carriage .................................................................................... 33

Fig. 6. The shot of Alice and Hamish do the quadrille ......................... 37

Fig. 7. The shot of Faith and Fiona appear in front of Alice ................. 41

Fig. 8. The shot of Margaret speaking to Alice .................................... 45

Fig. 9 and 10.The shots of Lady Ascot appears before Aloice and

her sister ................................................................................. 49

Fig. 11. The shot of Lady Ascot and Alice in the rose garden ................ 49

Fig. 12. The shot of Alice meeting Aunt Imogene.................................. 52

Fig. 13. The shot of Alice speaking with Lowell .................................... 56

Fig. 14. The shot of Alice meeting Absolem .......................................... 60

Fig. 15. The shot of Alice speaking with Chesire Cat............................. 64

Fig. 16. The shot of Alice found by Bayard ........................................... 69

Fig. 17. The shot of Alice speaking with the Red Queen ........................ 74

Fig. 18. The shot of the Hatter making hats for the Red Queen .............. 79

Fig. 19. The shot of the Tweedles showing the rabbit’s direction ........... 84

Fig. 20. The shot of Alice shoos the Dormouse away............................. 87

Fig. 21. The shot of Alice speaking with the White Rabbit .................... 92

Fig. 22. The shot of Alice and the rabbit looking at the stable ................ 92

Fig. 23. The shot of Alice surrounded by the Red Knights ..................... 96

Fig. 24. The shot of Alice giving the Vorpal Sword ............................... 100

Fig. 25. The shot of the White Queen making Pishalver ........................ 101

Fig. 26. The shot of Alice facing the Jabberwocky ................................ 105

Fig. 27. The shot of Alice speaking with Lord Ascot ............................. 109

Fig. 28. The shot of Alice and Lord Ascot discussing business matter ... 110

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LIST OF APPENDICES

Page

Appendix I. Features in Alice’s Utterances .................................................. 117

Appendix II. SPEAKING Aspects in Alice’s Speech..................................... 120

Appendix III.Curriculum Vitae ..................................................................... 134

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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of Study

A story of a little girl named Alice who wanders alone in an unknown land

called Wonderland has been spread and has become famous all over the world. As

a proof, this story has been made into many kinds of adaptation. For example,

there are Alice in Wonderland in 1903, Betty in Blunderland in 1934, The New

Alice in Wonderland or What’s a Nice Girl Like You Doing in a Place Like This?

in 1966, Alice in Wonderland: An X-Rated Musical Comedy in 1976, the Japanese

anime adaptation Fushigi no Kuni no Alice in 1983-1984, The Care Bears

Adventure in Wonderland in 1987, Alice in 1988, American McGee’s Alice in

2000, Alice in Wonderland in 2010, and Once Upon a Time in Wonderland in

2013, etc. (http://www.buzzfeed.com/louispeitzman/adaptations-of-alices-adventu

res-in-wonderland).

However, the writer‟s concern here is only the movie adaptation in 2010

entitled Alice in Wonderland which is chosen as the subject of this research. Since

this movie is adapted from the first novel Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland and

its sequel Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There and Alice is

portrayed as an adult, there are supposed to be various speech cases more than

those in the other film adaptations of Alice which are mostly made only from the

first novel with Alice as a little girl. This movie also has many non-human

speakers and listeners, like plants and animals so it is interesting to have them as

the interlocutors of Alice who is a human.

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In addition, the Wonderland creatures in this movie act as if they know her,

while Alice thinks that it is her first time of meeting them. However, the creatures

doubt whether she is the same Alice they knew in the past or not. They even say

that she is fated to slay Jabberwocky on Frabjous Day. This makes her confused

and she cannot remember if she really has any memories about Wonderland in the

past. This confusion and unusual situation are able to influence the way she

behaves and speaks. For this reason, it is interesting to analyze the way Alice

speaks to each character in the movie Alice in Wonderland. Since she is said to be

in Wonderland before, which is actually true, Alice is supposed to be used to the

weird creatures. At least, she is supposed to speak in a way that differs from a

person who experiences and meets them for the first time.

Based on the writer‟s observation, Alice is a kind of people who holds her

principle for not easily agreeing something, although she is obliged to do so. For

example, she is expected by everyone to accept Hamish‟s marriage proposal, but

she rejects it later after going back from Wonderland when she finally feels sure

of her feeling. This shows that even though Alice is obliged to do something, she

is still honest to herself and to anyone. Being honest is one of speaking ethics.

According to Islamic teachings, Muslims are ordered to speak what is true

and good in a way that is gentle, polite, humble and pleasant. Therefore, since

Allah has ordered all Muslims to do so, they have to follow it because Allah‟s

order will always lead them to the right way of living. The obligation of saying

something true is also stated in one of verses from Al-Qur‟an, Surah Al-Ahzab

verse 70 as shown below.

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'O believers! Fear Allah and say the right word (Kanz-ul-Eeman, 2005: 135).

and the obligation of saying something polite is also stated in Surah Al-Isra‟ verse

23 as stated below.

And your Lord Commanded that worship not any else excepts Him and does good

to parents. If either or both of them reach old age before you, utter not even a

faint cry to them and chide them not and speak to them the word of respect (Kanz-

ul-Eeman, 2005: 85).

The example of Alice being honest is one of cases found in the movie

Alice in Wonderland and her way of speaking to each character might be different.

That is why this research shows how Alice speaks to others and how the situation

is one by one. In order to do that, the writer uses Dell Hymes‟s SPEAKING

theory in which the eight aspects of speech are important to analyze someone‟s

speech. The brief analysis below is the example of the SPEAKING theory

application in the data. The utterances are:

Alice‟s Father: The nightmare again? [01:38-01:40]

Alice Kingsley: (She nods.) [01:40-01:42]

Alice‟s Father: (to his guests) I won‟t be long. [01:45-01:46]

Alice Kingsley: I'm falling down a dark hole, then I see strange

creatures. [01:48-01:56]

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Alice‟s Father: What kind of creatures? [01:56-01:58]

Alice Kingsley: Well, there's a dodo bird, a rabbit in a waistcoat, a

smiling cat... [01:58-02:04]

Alice‟s Father: I didn‟t know cats could smile. [02:06-02:07]

Alice Kingsley: Neither did I. And there‟s a blue caterpillar. [02:08-

02:13]

Alice‟s Father: Blue caterpillar. Hmm. [02:14-02:17]

Alice Kingsley: Do you think I‟ve gone round the bend? [02:19-

02:21]

Alice‟s Father: I‟m afraid so. You‟re mad. Bonkers. Off your head.

But I‟ll tell you a secret. All the best people are. It‟s

only a dream, Alice. Nothing can harm you there.

But if you get too frightened, you can always wake

up. Like this. [02:27-02:45]

The features show Alice‟s correct grammar, three contractions, one phrasal

verb, and one informal idiom in which they prove Alice‟s casual speech style.

Then, the speech situation shows that S (Setting and Scene) aspect of this speech

event is in the study room of Alice‟s father, then in Alice‟s bedroom. This speech

event happens in the night and the scene shows that the range of formality is

lower than the other formal events. Moreover, the atmosphere here is frightening,

serious, and calm. P (Participants) included in this speech event are Charles

Kingsley and his daughter, Alice Kingsley. They appear from minute 01:38 to

02:45. Then, the purpose or E (Ends) is that Alice needs her father‟s protection

and comfort. She is always scared of her nightmare. Since her father is always

able to understand her, Alice

The other aspect that is A (Act Sequence) first tells Alice looks for her

father in his study room. Then, her father asks what kind of nighmare she got and

she tells him all. After that, her father comforts her by saying that it is only a

dream and nothing will harm her. Finally, Alice cheers up and feels at ease. Next,

K (Key) indicates that the tone used by Alice is serious because Alice tells her

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nightmare sternly like it is a serious matter and even her father believes in it since

he listens to her carefully.

Then, I (Instrumentalities) aspect tells that the channel is oral and

sometimes with body language. Alice speaks with a good grammatical standard

form of sentences, even though she also uses an informal utterance. In this kind of

speech event, N (Norms of Interaction and Interpretation) aspect shows that

children tend to get scared of a nightmare and look for protection from their

parents so that they are not afraid anymore. They will tell their worries honestly

and their parents will try to make them at ease by saying that it is only a dream

and is not something to be afraid of. From all of that, it can be said that G (Genre)

aspect shows that the conversation above tells about a nightmare.

The speech form above shows that due to the informal utterance,

contractions, and phrasal verb found in Alice‟s speech, her speech style is

considered as a casual one to her father. However, the use of those features also

depends on the speech situation, the SPEAKING aspects. In this case, Alice uses

this style in her bedroom, then she has her father as her interlocutor. As a father

and a daughter, Alice and Charles have a close relationship. Moreover, this style

is used with the purpose of seeking for a comfort, with serious and worried key,

with oral instrumentalities, and with the feeling of fear because of a nightmare.

Alice feels a lot calmer after she tells her weird nightmare to her father and her

father does not make fun of her. He listens carefully to her and seems to believe

that her daughter does not lie. Since this speech event is regarded as close family

conversation, thus it is more appropriate to speak casually here.

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Due to the detailed analysis and the description that are needed in this

research like what is shown in the example above, this research is conducted

qualitatively in which arithmetical result is not provided. The documentation

technique is also used to collect the data. The data of this research is based on the

script and the movie Alice in Wonderland which was released in 2010. Alice is the

only character whose speech style will be analyzed here since she plays an

important role and the only one who experiences an unusual situation like falling

to Wonderland where all the living beings beside humans are able to speak. The

number of the living beings that act as Alice‟s interlocutors in this movie is

around 22 characters.

1.2 Problem Statements

Based on the background described above, the writer formulates several

questions below. They are:

1. How is Alice Kingsley‟s speech style toward each character in the movie

Alice in Wonderland?

2. How is Alice Kingsley‟s speech situation in the movie Alice in

Wonderland?

1.3 Objectives of Study

Through the problem statements, the writer aims for two things. Those

aims are:

1. to describe how Alice Kingsley‟s speech style toward each character in the

movie Alice in Wonderland is; and

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2. to describe how Alice Kingsley‟s speech situation in the movie Alice in

Wonderland is.

1.4 Significances of Study

This research has both theoretical and practical significances concerning

speech style in literary works such as movie. Theoretically, the writer conducts

this research in order to show some examples of someone‟s speech style,

especially in an unusual situation beyond what is normally met in reality, like

what Alice experiences in Wonderland, and the factors that influence her speech

style, both in that place and in reality. The outcomes that are gotten from this

research may be useful as additional information or further knowledge about

speech style.

As for practical significance, this research is intended to encourage the

readers to find more about speech style cases with different and unusual kinds of

situation that influence the speaker in speaking to others. A person has his/her

own way of thinking and behaving, so there should be different way of speaking.

Moreover, since there are many kinds of situation that each person has in a story,

it is a worth try to do some more researches of speech style in many kinds of story

with different kinds of genre.

1.5 Literature Review

There are four prior researches that have been found by the writer which

have the similarity with the writer‟s graduating paper as well as the difference.

The first prior research entitled “The Analysis of Speech Events and Hymes‟

SPEAKING Factors in the Comedy Television Series: FRIENDS” was written by

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Alireza Fard Kashani, Elham Zand-Vakili, and Farhad Tabandeh in 2012. The

object of their research is speech events and Hymes‟ SPEAKING factors, while

their subject of research is the comedy television series named FRIENDS. In

conducting their research, they use Dell Hymes‟ SPEAKING theory. Their

research questions are 1) what speech events are observed in the first episode of

FRIENDS series? and 2) how are Hymes‟ SPEAKING factors observed in each

speech event in the intended FRIENDS episode? From those research questions,

the results show that some typical speech events due to the situational and

contextual context of language are more frequent than others. In addition, the

most recurring events that happen in the FRIENDS series are confiding one‟s

secrets or personal affairs and problems with one‟s friends, asking them for help,

consultation, and sympathy.

The second prior research entitled “Speech Functions in Alice’s

Adventures in Wonderland Novel” was written by Maysyaroh Lubis in 2012. The

object of her research is speech functions, while the subject of her research is the

novel of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland. She makes three research questions

for her thesis: 1) what types of speech function are used in Alice‟s utterances? 2)

what types of speech functions are most dominantly used in Alice‟s utterances?

and 3) what does the dominant speech function mean that is used in Alice‟s

utterances? Then, the result says that there are 419 clauses representing each

speech function; 305 statements (72.80%), 83 questions (19.81%), 27 commands

(6.44%), and 4 offers (0.95%). Therefore, the most dominant speech function used

in Alice‟s utterances is statement. Furthermore, those statements imply that they

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mostly specify giving information by stating in speech because Alice intends to

express her feeling toward whatever she sees in an unknown world called

Wonderland. Lubis uses a descriptive qualitative method and M.A.K. Halliday‟s

speech function theory in conducting her research.

The third prior research entitled “Speech Events in the Dongbaeg Kkot

Comic” was written by Dian Rokhmawati in 2013. Her object of research is

speech events, while her subject of research is Dongbaeg Kkot comic. There are

two research questions in her thesis; 1) how is the style of speech in the Dongbaeg

Kkot? and 2) what are the factors which influence the style of speech events of the

comic? Then, Dian concludes that two speech styles are found in Dongbaeg Kkot

comic. They are formal speech style called jondaemal and informal speech style

called banmal. Those speech styles are influenced by two factors: linguistics

which is the use of suffix (formal and informal), subject honorification by means

of lexical expressions, address terms, pronouns, and utterance contractions; and

non linguistics which is the age, social position, and situation when speech events

happen. This research is conducted by using a qualitative method.

The last prior research entitled “Speech Styles Used by the Judges of

Indonesian Idol 2012” was written by Finisha Putri Rizky in 2013. Her object of

research is the speech styles that are used by the judges, while her subjects of

research are the judges of Indonesian Idol 2012. There are three research

questions there; 1) what are the types of speech styles used by the judges of

Indonesian Idol 2012? 2) what are the mostly used types of speech styles by the

judges of Indonesian Idol 2012? and 3) how do male and female judges speech

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styles differ? The result shows that there are two kinds of speech style based on

Joos‟ theory of kinds of speech style. Those two kinds of speech style found in her

research are consultative and casual style. From those styles, the mostly used type

of speech by the judges is consultative style. It is found in 43 utterances (66,1%),

while the casual style is found in 22 utterances (33,9%). In addition, Rizky finds

that the male and female judges‟ speech styles are not different because they

equally use consultative style in giving comments to the finalists. In conducting

her research, she uses Joos‟ theory of kinds of speech style and are supported by

Chaer and Agustina (2010), Kridalaksana (1992), and Holmes (2001) and she also

uses qualitative document analysis to analyze the transcription of the judges‟

utterances.

The similarity between this graduating paper and the four prior researches

is located in the writer‟s concern on speech. This graduating paper with all prior

researches are also similar in their method in conducting the research which is

qualitative. Moreover, this paper and the first prior research use the same theory

as well that is Dell Hymes‟ SPEAKING theory. The difference of this graduating

paper and the first prior research is that the writer of this paper analyzes the

speech style of Alice, while the writer of the first prior research analyzes the

speech events and Hymes‟ SPEAKING factors. They also differ in their subject of

research where the writer analyzes Alice‟s utterances in the movie Alice in

Wonderland, while the writer of the first prior research analyzes the utterances in

the comedy television series, FRIENDS.

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11

Then, the difference of this graduating paper and the second prior research

is that the writer of this graduating paper analyzes the speech style of Alice, while

the writer of the second prior research analyzes the speech functions of Alice.

They also differ in their subject of research in which the writer of this paper

analyzes Alice‟s utterances in the movie Alice in Wonderland which is made

based on the first novel entitled Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland and its sequel

entitled Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There, while the writer

of the second prior research analyzes Alice‟s utterances in the first novel only,

Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland. Although they are rather the same, but they

use different theories. The writer of this paper uses Dell Hymes‟ SPEAKING

theory, while the writer of the second prior research uses M.A.K. Halliday‟ speech

functions theory, so the result will be different as well.

Next, the difference of this graduating paper and the third prior research is

that the writer of this graduating paper analyzes the speech style of Alice, while

the writer of the third prior research analyzes the speech events. Like the

difference with the first and the second prior research, they also differ in their

subject of research. The subject of research in this graduating paper is the movie

Alice in Wonderland, while the subject of research in the third prior research is the

Dongbaeg Kkot comic.

Last, the difference of this graduating paper and the last prior research is

that the subject of this graduating paper is the movie Alice in Wonderland and the

last prior research is the judges of Indonesian Idol 2012. Not only that, but they

also use different theories. This graduating paper uses Dell Hymes‟s SPEAKING

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12

theory and the last prior research uses Joos‟ kinds of speech style theory

supported by Chaer‟s, Kridalaksana‟s, Agustina‟s, and Holmes‟s theory.

1.6 Theoretical Approach

Since this research is conducted to analyze a certain person‟s speech style,

this research belongs to the sociolinguistic field. It is because this field studies the

correlation between language and society. The style that becomes this research‟s

object deals with the level of formality and Wardhaugh said that the choice of

“speaking formally or informally is being governed by circumtances and there are

several factors that influence it, like the kind of occassion, the various social and

age, the particular task that is evolved, the emotional involvement, etc.” (2006:

51).

In order to find out the answers for the research questions in this

graduating paper, the SPEAKING theory proposed by Dell Hymes is used here.

There are eight important aspects of speech in SPEAKING theory; S (Setting and

Scene), P (Participants), E (Ends), A (Act Sequence), K (Key), I

(Instrumentalities), N (Norms of Interaction and Interpretation), and G (Genre).

With this theory, all aspects of speech events are described in details and in order.

The features in Alice‟s utterances are used to find the style, with the support of the

speech situation that can be found by using the SPEAKING theory.

1.7 Method of Research

1.7.1 Type of Research

In order to get a deeper understanding about Alice‟s speech style in the

movie Alice in Wonderland, the most suitable approach in conducting this study is

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13

qualitative. Qualitative approach relates to the evaluation of humans‟ attitude,

behaviour, and opinions (Kothari, 2004: 5). A research with qualitative approach

will provide a detailed analysis about the data in accordance with certain theory

that is compatible with the need in analysing the data. Related to the writer‟s

research in this paper, the evaluation relates to humans‟ behavior and attitude,

since speech style deals with the way of behaving when speaking.

1.7.2 Data Sources

The primary source of the data used in this paper is the movie Alice in

Wonderland and its script. This movie adaptation that was released in 2010 was

made from the combination of the first novel of Alice, Alice’s Adventures in

Wonderland and its sequel, Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice Found

There. This primary source is used to describe Alice‟s speech style, while the

script that acts as the supporting data provides the exact time and the name of

some places in Wonderland. Since setting is one of important aspects in

SPEAKING theory, so the script is needed.

1.7.3 Data Collection Technique

Ratna states that there are several techniques in collecting the data;

sampling, observation, interview, documentation, questionnaire, triangulation, and

reading (2010: 209-245). Due to the use of movie and its script as writer‟s

referential source of data, this study can be categorized as a research conducted by

documentation technique. This technique is done by the writer to gather all speech

events in the movie that are gotten by reading the script to find Alice‟s speech

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14

style to each character and watching the movie to get supporting information from

its visual portrayal of situations, the person‟s facial expression, and the setting that

cannot be found in its script. There are several steps that are done to collect the

data:

1. Watching the movie in order to know the whole story and to see the

speech events that happen there; and

2. Reading the script while grouping Alice‟s speech toward each character.

1.7.4 Data Analysis Technique

In analysing the data, the writer explains it analytically and descriptively.

Analytical descriptive technique is a way for the researchers to conduct their

research by describing and analysing the data all at once (Ratna, 2010: 336). This

technique is used because the first objective of this study is to describe Alice‟s

speech style and the second objective of this study can be fulfilled by going

through the description and analysis from the first objective. In other words, the

analysis is conducted at the same time while describing to discover the style in

each case and the factors influencing it. In order to do that, there are several steps

that are determined by the writer in analysing the data:

1. describing the speech forms or features and classifying them into formal

and casual style;

2. analyzing the situation by describing the speech event according to the

eight aspects of speech: setting and scene, participants, ends, act sequence,

key, instrumentalities, norms of interaction and interpretation, and genre;

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15

3. looking carefully at the visual portrayal of situation, facial expression,

intonation, and setting to get supporting information for describing the

eight aspects of Alice‟s speech and deciding a certain type of speech styles

used by Alice; and

4. drawing the conclusion.

1.8 Paper Organization

In organizing this graduating paper, the writer divides it into four chapters.

The first chapter consists of background of study which tells about the object and

the subject of this research, the reason of choosing them as the writer‟s topic of

research, and the limitation of her research. The problem statements and the

significances of conducting this research are stated after that. Several literature

reviews are also provided as a proof that this research has not been done yet. Then,

what come next are method of research which tells all techniques used in this

research and thesis organization which tells the arrangement of this graduating

paper. The second chapter is the theoretical background, the brief summary of the

movie Alice in Wonderland, and its circumtances. The third chapter is discussion

where the analysis of the data by using Dell Hymes‟s SPEAKING theory is

provided. Last, the fourth chapter contains the conclusion of and suggestion for

the research.

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113

CHAPTER 4

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

4.1 Conclusion

Based on the previous chapter that has provided the detailed analysis of

the data found in the movie Alice in Wonderland, the writer is able to conclude

Alice‟s speech style to each character in it. Speaking about the first problem

statement, that is how Alice‟s speech style toward each character in the movie is,

the writer is able to conclude that the most speech style used by Alice is the casual

one. According to the research findings, there are 1 character she speak formally

to, 18 characters she speak casually to, and 3 characters she speaks both formally

and casually to. However, the use of formal style is only used when they first

meet. That is why Alice can use two kinds of style with the same character. For

example, the first time Alice meets the Red Queen requires Alice to use formal

style because she has to hide her identity, but it is different in the second time they

meet. They meet as an enemy, thus Alice no longer uses formal style to her.

Therefore, it can be said that Alice is such a casual person in this movie. If it is

not to save her friend, she might not be so formal towards the antagonist character

here.

Speaking about the second problem statement, there are various settings,

participants, ends, act sequences, keys, instrumentalities, norms of interaction and

interpretation, and genres for each kinds of style. The formal speech style does not

always happen in a formal place and vice versa. They vary to each other and

depend on the situation of the event. For example, Alice speaks formally to the

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114

Red Queen in the great lawn of her castle. However, there is a need to pretend for

her to speak so. On the other hand, there is also a case when Alice speaks formally

to the White Queen in the castle‟s throne room which is an appropriate place to

show respect and speak formally. The same goes for the other aspects of

SPEAKING.

4.2 Suggestion

After conducting this research, the writer suggests that the readers or other

researchers to make further research concerning speech style, especially Alice‟s

speech style in this movie. There are other theories of how people can determine

someone‟s speech style, like Cicero‟s theory that divides style into plain,

moderate, and grand style; Mario Pei‟s theory that divides it into literary poetical

super-erudate, literary prose cultured, spoken standard, colloquial lower class, and

vulgar and slang style; and Martin Joos‟s theory that devides it into frozen, formal,

consultative, casual, and intimate style (Alwasilah, 1989: 53-55). Those theories

are used to analyze style deeper by using other approaches than this graduating

paper, like phonology, pragmatics, semantics, and syntax all at once. Since it will

take too long to finish this graduating paper, the writer does not use either of those

theories and all those approaches. Therefore, other researchers can still analyze

Alice‟s speech style with different theory and different approach than the writer‟s

reserach in this graduating paper, so that the more detailed results can be obtained.

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115

REFERENCES

Alice in Wonderland. 2010. Filmed by Tim Burton. Walt Disney Studios Motion

Pictures.

Alwasilah, Chaedar. 1989. Sosiologi Bahasa. Bandung: Angkasa.

Astuti, Inayah Kurnia. The Analyzing of Speaking Model by Dell Hymes about the

Simple Conversation.

Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 3rd Edition.

Chaer, Abdul. 2007. Linguistik Umum. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.

Chaer, Abdul, and Leonie Agustina. 2010. Sosiolinguistik: Perkenalan Awal.

Jakarta: PT. Rineka Cipta.

Coulmas, Florian. 1997. The Handbook of Sociolinguistics. Oxford: Blackwell.

Eeman, Kanz-ul, AalaHazrat Imam Ahmed Raza Khan, and Shah Farid-ul-Haque.

2005. Al-Quran-ul-Kareem (English Translation) Kanz-ul-Eeman.

Accessed on 9 October 2012. http://www.NooreMadinah.net.

Hudson, R. A. 1996. Sociolinguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Jendra, Made Iwan Indrawan. 2010. Sociolinguistics-The Study of Societies’

Languages. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu.

Kashani, Alireza Fard, Elham Zand-Vakili, and Farhad Tabandeh. 2012. “The

Analysis of Speech Events and Hymes‟ SPEAKING Factors in the

Comedy Television Series: FRIENDS.” IISTE 2: 27-43.

Kothari, C. R. 2004. Research Methodology-Methods and Techniques. New

Delhi: New Age International.

Lubis, Maysyaroh. 2012. Speech Functions in “Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland”

Novel. Medan: State University of Medan.

Peitzman, Louis. 2013. 17 Adaptations of “Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland”

through the Years. Web accessed on 24 February 2014.

http://www.buzzfeed.com/louispeitzman/adaptations-of-alices-

adventures-in-wonderland.

Ratna, Nyoman Kutha. 2010. Metodologi Penelitian-Kajian Budaya dan Ilmu

Sosial Humaniora Pada Umumnya. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.

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116

Rizky, Finisha Putri. 2013. Speech Styles Used by the Judges of Indonesian Idol

2012. Malang: Brawijaya University.

Rokhmawati, Dian. 2013. Speech Events in the “Dongbaeg Kkot” Comic.

Yogyakarta: Universitas Gajah Mada.

Samekto, S. S. 1998. Ikhtisar Sejarah Kesusastraan Inggris. Jakarta: Daya Widya.

Sumarsono. 2013. Sosiolinguistik. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.

Wardhaugh, Ronald. 2006. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. Oxford: Blackwell.

Woolvertoon, Linda. 2008. Alice in Wonderland Script. Accessed on 6 February

2014. http://scripts-onscreen.com/movie/alice-in-wonderland-script-

links/.

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120

APPENDIX II

SPEAKING ASPECTS IN ALICE’S SPEECH

Data

Num

ber

S P E A K I N

G

Style

1 Charles

’s

Study

Room

&

Alice’s

Bedroo

m

Charles

Kingsley

& Alice

Kingsley

Alice wants

comfort from

her father.

Alice searches for her

father & tell her

nightmare

Serious

&

worried

Oral Children tend

to be scared &

look for

protection.

Nightmare Casual

2.1 Horse-

drawn

carriage

Alice

Kingsley

& Helen

Kingsley

Alice does not

want to go to the

party.

Alice asks if it’s a

must to go. Then, she

is being criticized

about how to dress.

After that, she tells

about her same dream.

Annoyed Oral Alice is in a

bad mood.

Being

properly

dressed

Casual

2.2 In front

of the

gazebo

Alice wants to

tell what

happened to her

mother.

She is being asked

what happened to her

& Alice tells her

mother.

Calm Oral Alice acts

calmly.

What

happened to

Alice during

her absence

Casual

2.3 In front

of the

gazebo

Alice wants to

promise to her

mother.

She tells her mother

she’ll do something

useful.

Gentle &

convinci

ng

Oral Alice acts

calmly.

Promise

something for

her future

Casual

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121

3.1 At the

party in

Ascot’s

estate

Alice

Kingsley

&

Hamish

Ascot

Alice wants to

quit the

quadrille.

She asks Hamish

about being tired of

quadrille, then she

talks about her sudden

vision.

Disagree

able

Oral She doesn’t

enjoy the

dance.

Alice’s vision Casual

3.2 Ascot’s

garden

&

Under

the

gazebo

Alice wants to

listen to him.

Hamish finds Alice,

brings her to the

gazebo, proposes her,

& Alice goes away.

Confuse

d

Oral She is

confused to

answer the

proposal

Proposal Casual

3.3 In front

of the

gazebo

Alice wants to

tell Hamish her

answer for his

proposal.

Alice rejects

Hamish’s proposal

and mentions her

reasons.

Firm Oral She firmly

refuses

Hamish’s

proposal

Rejection Casual

4.1 At the

party in

Ascot’s

estate

Faith and

Fiona

Chattawa

ys &

Alice

Kingsley

Alice wants to

make the

Chattaways

finally reveal the

secret.

The Chattaways come

and confuse Alice

about their telling and

not telling secret.

Then, Alice threatens

her and the secret is

revealed

Serious Oral Alice uses

threat to reveal

the secret.

Secret Casual

4.2 In front

of the

gazebo

Alice wants to

tell the

similarity

between the

Chattaways and

the Tweedles.

Alice tells the

Chattaways that they

remind her of the boys

she met in a

dream.

Calm Oral Alice

remembers the

Tweedles in

Wonderland.

Reminiscenc

e

Casual

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122

5.1 At the

party in

Ascot’s

estate

Margaret

Kingsley

& Alice

Kingsley

Alice wants to

listen to her

sister’s lecture.

Margaret pulls Alice

away, lectures, and

advises her to accept

the proposal.

Confuse

d

Oral Alice listens

carefully.

Reasons for

Alice to

accept the

proposal

Casual

5.2 In front

of the

gazebo

Alice wants to

tell her decision.

Alice tells that she

refuses to follow her

sister’s advice.

Gentle &

convinci

ng

Oral Alice is certain

of her

decision.

Alice’s

decision

Casual

6.1 At the

party in

Ascot’s

estate

& in

the rose

garden

Lady

Ascot &

Alice

Kingsley

Alice wants to

fulfill Lady

Ascot’s wish to

take a stroll and

speak with her.

Lady Ascot asks for a

stroll with Alice.

Then, she tells about

Hamish’s problem.

After that, the White

Rabbit darts past &

Alice excuses herself

to chase after it.

Serious,

but a bit

rude

Oral She is easily

distracted.

Hamish Casual

6.2 In front

of the

gazebo

Alice wants to

tell Lady Ascot

that she does not

regard white

rabbits as nasty

things like Lady

Ascot did.

Alice directly tells

Lady Ascot that she

likes rabbit.

Firm Oral She is

confident to

state her bold

opinion.

Predilection

for rabbits

Casual

7.1 Near

the rose

garden

Alice

Kingsley

& Aunt

Imogene

Alice wants her

aunt’s comfort

and solution.

Alice tells her worries

to her aunt about the

rabbit, but her aunt

does not take it

seriously. Her aunt

tells about her fancy

Worried Oral She feels not

right to see a

rabbit in a

waistcoat.

Alice’s worry Casual

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123

fiance instead.

7.2 In front

of the

gazebo

Alice wants to

give advice

about her aunt’s

delusions.

Alice gently makes

her aunt realize that

she has no prince or

fiance and she advises

her to talk to

someone.

Gentle Oral She gently and

kindly advises

someone.

Aunt

Imogene’s

delusions

Casual

8.1 In

Ascot

estate’s

garden

Alice

Kingsley

&

Lowell

Alice wants

clear

explanation for

Lowell’s

dishonest act.

Alice catches Lowell

kissing a woman.

Lowell tries to explain

that the woman is his

old friend and asks

Alice to not tell her

sister.

Shocked

and

confused

Oral She is too

confused to

take action due

to the

unexpected act

of her brother-

in-law.

Lowell’s

dishonest act

Casual

8.2 In front

of the

gazebo

Alice warns

Lowell to not act

dishonestly

again toward her

sister.

Alice firmly warns

Lowell to be good to

her sister. She also

says that she will

watch his act.

Firm &

serious

Oral She firmly

states her

warning.

Alice’s

warning

about

Lowell’s act

Casual

9.1 In the

great

lawn of

the Red

Queen’

s castle

The

White

Rabbit &

Alice

Kingsley

Alice wants to

rescue the

Hatter.

Mc Twisp meets Alice

and asks what makes

her to come there.

Alice wants to rescue

the Hatter. Then, she

asks for Upelkuchen

to Mc Twisp.

Firm &

Serious

Oral She is very

certain of

herself that she

comes to

rescue the

Hatter.

Rescue the

Hatter

Casual

9.2 In the

corridor

Alice wants to

ask him what he

Mc Twisps seems

want to say

Friendly

&

Oral She is scared

of going in the

The sword’s

whereabouts

Casual

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124

of the

Red

Queen’

s castle

& near

the

castle’s

stable

wants to say. something, so Alice

asks him. He tells and

shows Alice where the

sword is hidden.

worried stable because

of the

Bandersnatch.

10.1 In the

Mushro

om

Forest

Absolem

& Alice

Kingsley

Alice wants to

follow the

Wonderland

creatures’s

intention to

consult about

who Alice really

is.

Absolem asks Alice’s

name and Alice tells

him. In order to prove

that, he shows the

Oraculum to her.

Serious Oral She is

confused about

knowing her

own self

Alice’s

identity

Casual

10.2 In the

White

Queen’

s

garden

Alice wants to

speak to

Absolem.

Alice meets Absolem

and he says she is

almost the right Alice.

Even so, Alice still

disagrees to kill

Jabberwocky.

Serious Oral She still cannot

accept her duty

to slay

Jabberwocky.

Alice who is

almost the

Alice

everyone’s

talking about

Casual

10.3 In the

White

Queen’

s

garden

Alice wants to

ask for solution.

Alice sees Absolem

who is going to

transform. She asks

for advice about what

she should do, Finally,

she remembers her

Sad &

confused

Oral She is

confused, but

finally comes

back to her old

self, like when

she came to

The real

Alice

Casual

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125

past in Wonderland

and is ready to slay

Jabberwocky.

Wonderland

before.

11.1 In

Tulgey

Forest

Cheshire

Cat &

Alice

Kingsley

Alice only

responds to

someone who

suddenly appear

before her.

Cheshire asks Alice

what happened to her

and asks her name.

After that, he brings

her to the Hatter and

the Hare.

Uneasy Oral She is quite

shocked.

The cause of

Alice’s

wound and

for running

Casual

11.2 In the

White

Queen’

s

courtya

rd

Alice wants to

greet Cheshire.

Alice greets him who

suddenly appears

before her. He then

asks about her arm

that is wounded

earlier and Alice says

that it is healed.

Friendly Oral Alice is quite

cheerful and

happy.

The condition

of Alice’s

arm.

Casual

11.3 In the

Tulgey

Wood’s

clearing

Alice wants to

ask what the

Hatter is doing.

Alice sees the Hatter

and asks to Cheshire

what he is doing.

Then, he tells her that

the Hatter is doing

Futterwacken.

Friendly Oral Alice is

cheerful and

happy.

Futterwacken Casual

12.1 In front

of the

Hatter’s

house

Mad

Hatter &

Alice

Kingsley

Alice just wants

to respond to

him.

The Hatter notices

Alice and believes she

is Alice. He says that

Alice is late and he

was waiting for her

return. Then, the

Calm Oral Alice is still

confused, but

seem to be

calmer.

Welcome Casual

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126

Alice’s participants

rejoice about the

Frabjous Day.

12.2 In front

of the

Hatter’s

house

Alice wants

explanation for

her to hide from

the Red Knights.

The Hatter makes

Alice drink something

that makes her shrink.

He hides her in the

teapot. After the

knights went, the

Hatter takes her to the

White Queen.

Serious Oral Alice demands

explanation for

her to hide.

Alice’s safety Casual

12.3 In the

woods

Alice wants the

Hatter to tell her

about the Red

Queen’s

wrongdoings.

The Hatter tells Alice

about her tale, but she

does not want to slay

anything. The Hatter

says she has lost her

muchness. Then,

Alice demands him

the Red Queen’s

story.

Serious Oral Alice does not

want to slay,

but she wants

to understand.

Alice’s tale Casual

12.4 In the

woods

Alice wants to

make him back

from his

reminescence of

the past.

Alice tries to bring

him back from his

reminescence. After

that, the Hatter hears

something and tells

Alice to go by herself.

Tense Oral Alice cares

about the

Hatter as she

worries about

him.

The coming

of the Red

Knights

Casual

12.5 In the

Red

Alice wants to

know how the

Alice compliments the

Hatter’s works. Then,

Calm

and

Oral

Alice kindly

cheers the

The Hatter’s

condition and

Casual

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127

Queen’

s

dressin

g room

Hatter is doing. the Hatter goes mad

remembering the Red

Queen. Alice comforts

him and he tells her

that Vorpal Sword is

hidden in the castle.

understa

nding

Hatter up. the Vorpal

Sword’s

whereabouts

12.6 In the

Red

Queen’

s

dressin

g room

Alice wants to

save the Hatter.

Alice comes to rescue

the Hatter, but the

knights come to arrest

her. They all fight and

the Hatter tells her to

go after her identity as

Alice is revealed.

Bold and

serious

Oral Alice very

cares about the

Hatter as she

insists on

leaving with

him.

Rescue Casual

12.7 In the

White

Queen’

s

courtya

rd

Alice wants to

welcome the

Hatter’s arrival

in the White

Queen’s castle.

Alice tells her

happines of meeting

with the Hatter again,

so does the Hatter.

After that, she asks

about the Hatter’s hat.

Happy Oral Alice acts like

a close friend

toward the

Hatter.

Warm

welcome

Casual

12.8 In the

White

Queen’

s castle

Alice wants to

wake up from

her dream.

The Hatter gives Alice

a riddle, then reminds

her of the Frabjous

Day. Alice still

believes that she is

dreaming, while the

Hatter seems to

understand her.

Friendly Oral Alice acts like

a close friend

toward the

Hatter.

Alice’s

dream in

Wonderland

Casual

12.9 In the Alice wants to Alice is surprised to Serious Oral Alice is Impossible Casual

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128

Tulgey

Wood’s

clearing

give up on

fighting

Jabberwocky.

see Jabberwocky and

seems want to give

up. However, the

Hatter manages to

encourage ger.

shocked to see

Jabberwocky,

but she does

not run out of

fear because of

it.

things

12.10 In the

Tulgey

Wood’s

clearing

Alice wants to

come back.

The Hatter says that

Alice can stay in

Wonderland, but

Alice refuses and she

promises that she will

always remember

him.

Serious

and sad

Oral Alice makes a

bold decision

to come back.

Parting Casual

13.1 In the

edge of

the

Tulgey

Wood

Alice

Kingsley

&

Bayard

Alice wants to

know where the

Hatter was taken

to.

Alice is mad at

Bayard who betrays

the Hatter and asks

him to lead the way to

Salazun Grum.

Mad Oral Alice acts

bravely and

confidently.

The Hatter Casual

13.2 In the

Crims’s

nearby

hill

Alice wants to

tell Bayard to

lead the way to

Marmoreal.

Alice meets Bayard.

He greets Alice and

Alice tells him to go

together to

Marmoreal.

Serious Oral Alice acts

bravely.

Going to

Marmoreal

Casual

13.3 In the

White

Queen’

s castle

Alice wants to

show Bayard

about his

family’s arrival.

Alice sees Bayard’s

family in the castle’s

courtyard. She tells

Bayard and he seems

happy.

Happy Oral Alice is

understanding.

The arrival of

Bayard’s

family

Casual

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129

14.1 In the

great

lawn of

Salazun

Grum

The Red

Queen,

the

White

Rabbit,

& Alice

Kingsley

Alice expects

the queen to

accept her in the

queen’s castle.

The queen asks

Alice’s identity to her

courtiers. The white

rabbit wants to

answer, but he cannot.

Alice tells the queen

she comes from

Umbradge and the

queen welcomes her

to the queen’s castle.

Serious

&

pretendin

g

Oral Alice tries to

pretend or

deceive the

queen.

Um who

comes from

Umbradge

Formal

14.2 In the

Tulgey

Wood’s

clearing

Alice wants to

respond her

greeting.

The Red Queen asks

her sister about her

champion. Then,

Alice bravely goes

forward and the queen

greets her coldly.

Serious

&

unfriendl

y

Oral Alice acts

bravely before

the Red Queen

and is ready to

fight.

Cold greeting Casual

15.1 In the

Red

Queen’

s throne

room

Thre

Knave

and

Alice

Kingsley

Alice just wants

to introduce

herself.

The Knave notice

Alice’s presence and

asks the Red Queen

about her. The queen

tells her name and

Alice adds where she

comes from.

Calm Oral Alice acts

calmly near the

Red Queen’s

followers.

Um who

comes from

Umbradge

Formal

15.2 In the

corridor

of the

Red

Queen’

Alice does not

want to be with

him.

The knave tries to flirt

Alice, but she tells

him to get away from

her.

Serious

& mad

Oral Alice acts

bravely in

refusing the

knave’s

confession.

Confession Casual

Page 44: speech style of alice kingsley in the movie alice in wonderland

130

s castle

15.3 Before

the

draw

bridge

of the

Red

Queen’

s castle

Alice does not

want to give up.

The knave remembers

Alice in the past. He

tells her to give the

sword back, but Alice

tries to defend herself.

Brave Oral Alice does not

easily give up.

The Alice Casual

16 In the

corridor

of the

Red

Queen’

s castle

Alice

Kingsley

& the

Tweedle

s

Alice wants to

ask where the

rabbit is.

Alice and the

Tweedles call each

other. Then, Alice

asks about the rabbit.

The tweedles ignore

her and she repeats

her question.

Hurried

&

serious

Oral Alice does not

want to have a

long chat with

the Tweedles,

since she is in

hurry.

The White

Rabbit’s

whereabouts

Casual

17.1 In the

Mushro

om

Forest

The

Dormous

e &

Alice

Kingsley

Alice wants to

appreciate the

Dormouse’s

offer to help her.

The Dormouse says

she can stick Alice so

that she can wake up

from her dream. Alice

thanks her, but it

really hurts.

Gentle Oral Alice

appreciates

other’s help.

A way to

wake up from

dreams

Formal

17.2 In the

corridor

of the

Red

Queen’

s castle

Alice wants to

ask for help to

find the Vorpal

Sword.

The Dormouse asks

what Alice is doing in

the Red Queen’s

castle. She answers it

and also asks for help

to find the Vorpal

Serious Oral Alice shoos the

Dormouse

away like a

real animal.

The Vorpal

Sword

Casual

Page 45: speech style of alice kingsley in the movie alice in wonderland

131

Sword. The Dormouse

disagrees, so Alice

shoos her away.

17.3 In front

of a

room in

the Red

Queen’

s castle

Alice wants the

Bandersnatch’s

eye.

Alice asks

Bandersnatch’s eye to

Mallymkun, but she

does not give it so

easily. Thus, Alice

forcefully grabs it

from her.

Serious Oral Alice

forcefully

takes the eye,

since she is in

hurry.

Bandersnatch

’s eye

Casual

17.4 In the

Red

Queen’

s

dressin

g room

Alice wants to

rescue the

Hatter.

Alice tries to break

free the Hatter. The

knights come and the

fight begins.

Mallymkun

accidentally calls

Alice’s name. Then,

she is pursued.

Serious

& tense

Oral Alice is

stubborn to

wait for the

Hatter.

Rescuing the

Hatter

Casual

18.1 In the

White

Queen’

s throne

room

The

White

Queen &

Alice

Kingsley

Alice wants to

hand over the

Vorpal Sword.

The White Queen

gives warm welcome

to Alice. Then, Alice

gives back the Vorpal

Sword and since Alice

looks big, the queen

makes her Pishalver to

shrink her.

Friendly

& polite

Oral Alice shows

her respect to

the queen by

acting politely.

Warm

welcome &

friendly chat

Formal

18.2 In the

White

Alice wants

other person

The queen tells her

hope about having a

Calm Oral Alice still

refuses to be

A champion Casual

Page 46: speech style of alice kingsley in the movie alice in wonderland

132

Queen’

s castle

who becomes

the champion.

champion. Then,

Alice asks the queen’s

reasons for not slaying

Jabberwocky and she

tells Alice.

the champion.

18.3 In the

clearing

of the

Tulgey

Wood

Alice wants to

come back.

The queen hands over

a vial of

Jabberwocky’s blood.

Alice asks if it can

bring her home and

the queen answers yes

if that it what she

wants.

Calm Oral Alice still

wants to go

home.

A way to go

home

Casual

19.1 In the

clearing

of the

Tulgey

Wood

Jabberw

ocky &

Alice

Kingsley

Alice only

responds to

Jabberwocky’s

greeting.

Jabberwocky greets

his old foe, but Alice

mistakes it as herself.

Then, Jabberwocky

makes it clear that he

greets the sword.

Alice tells him to shut

up.

Heroic Oral Alice is

completely

ready to fight

Jabberwocky.

Greeting as

an enemy

Casual

19.2 In the

clearing

of the

Tulgey

Wood

Alice wants the

Jabberwocky to

die.

Alice says out loud

that Jabberwocky

should die when she is

slaying it.

Heroic Oral Alice bravely

slays

Jabberwocky.

The death of

Jabberwocky

Casual

20 In front

of

Lord

Ascot &

Alice wants to

speak about

Alice tells her

intention to speak

Serious

&

Oral Alice does not

hold back in

Alice’s

intention

Formal

Page 47: speech style of alice kingsley in the movie alice in wonderland

133

gazebo

& in

Lord

Ascot’s

study

room

Alice

Kingsley

business matter. business matter with

Lord Ascot. She

actually intends to

expand her father’s

trade to China and

Lord Ascot supports

her.

confident realizing her

wish to

continue her

father’s

footsteps.

Page 48: speech style of alice kingsley in the movie alice in wonderland

117

APPENDIX I

FEATURES IN ALICE’S UTTERANCES

Alice’s

Interlo

cutor

Dat

a

Nu

mbe

r

Addr

ess

Term

s

Gram

mar

Contractio

n

Phrasa

l Verb

Informa

l

Utteranc

e/Phrase

Style

Charle

s

1 - Correct I’m, there’s,

I’ve

Falling

down

Round

the bend

Casual

Helen

2.1 - One

missing

subject

They’ll,

I’m, who’s,

didn’t, it’s,

that’s, don’t

- - Casual

2.2 - Correct - Fell

down

- Casual

2.3 Mothe

r

Correct Don’t & I’ll - - Casual

Hamis

h

3.1 Hamis

h

Correct Wouldn’t Tire of

&

believe

d in

- Casual

3.2 Hamis

h

Correct Don’t &

won’t

End up - Casual

3.3 Hamis

h

Correct Can’t,

you’re, &

there’s

- - Casual

Chatta

ways

4.1 - Correct You’re, it’s,

you’ve, &

there’s

Brough

t up

- Casual

4.2 - Correct - Remind

of

- Casual

Marga

ret

5.1 - Correct Don’t - - Casual

5.2 Marga

ret

Correct I’ll - - Casual

Lady

Ascot

6.1 - Correct Couldn’t &

you’ll

- - Casual

6.2 - Correct - - - Casual

Aunt

Imoge

ne

7.1 Aunt

Imoge

ne

Correct I’m - - Casual

7.2 Aunt

Imoge

ne

Correct - - - Casual

Page 49: speech style of alice kingsley in the movie alice in wonderland

118

Lowell

8.1 Lowel

l

Correct You’re,

don’t, I’m,

& who’s

- - Casual

8.2 Lowel

l

Correct You’re &

I’ll

- - Casual

The

White

Rabbit

9.1 - Correct I’ve - - Casual

9.2 Mc

Twisp

Correct I’m &

wasn’t

Going

in

- Casual

Absole

m

10.1 Absol

em

Correct It’s - - Casual

10.2 Absol

em

Correct We’d, I’m,

& couldn’t

Depend

on

- Casual

10.3 Absol

em

Correct You’re,

don’t, I’m,

& wasn’t

- - Casual

Cheshi

re Cat

11.1 - Correct I’m, I’d,

didn’t, I’ll,

& there’s

Wake

up

- Casual

11.2 Chesh

ire

Correct - - - Casual

11.3 - Correct - - - Casual

Mad

Hatter

12.1 - Correct - - - Casual

12.2 - Correct - - - Casual

12.3 - Correct I’m, don’t,

can’t, &

couldn’t

Put out Muchnes

s

Casual

12.4 Hatter Correct - - - Casual

12.5 Hatter Correct They’re,

it’s, I’m,

you’re, I’ll,

that’s, &

we’ll

Try on Bonkers Casual

12.6 - Correct How’s &

I’m

Stand

back

- Casual

12.7 Hatter Correct I’m &

where’s

- - Casual

12.8 - One

missing

subject

& verb

I’d, you’re,

who’s, &

I’ll

Think

about,

wake

up,

come

from, &

dream

up

- Casual

12.9 - Correct - - - Casual

Page 50: speech style of alice kingsley in the movie alice in wonderland

119

12.1

0

Hatter Correct Can’t - - Casual

Bayar

d

13.1 Bayar

d

Correct What’s,

I’m,

everyone’s,

we’re,

don’t,

wouldn’t,

weren’t,

I’ve, & I’ll

Fell

down

- Casual

13.2 Bayar

d

Correct - - - Casual

13.3 Bayar

d

Correct - - - Casual

The

Red

Queen

14.1 - Correct I’ve & it’s Tower

over &

laught

at

- Formal

14.2 - Correct - - - Casual

The

Knave

15.1 - Correct - - - Formal

15.2 - Correct - Get

away

- Casual

15.3 - Correct - - - Casual

Tweed

les

16 Twee

dles

Correct Where’s - - Casual

The

Dormo

use

17.1 - Correct - - - Casual

17.2 - Correct I’m - - Casual

17.3 Mally

mkun

Correct - - - Casual

17.4 Mally

mkun

Correct - Stand

back

- Casual

The

White

Queen

18.1 - Correct Can’t Belong

s to &

go on

- Formal

18.2 - Correct Don’t - - Casual

18.3 - Correct - - - Casual

Jabber

wocky

19.1 - Correct That’s - - Casual

19.2 - Correct - - - Casual

Lord

Ascot

20 Sir Correct Don’t & it’s - - Formal

Page 51: speech style of alice kingsley in the movie alice in wonderland

134

134

APPENDIX III

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name : Amelia Permata Putri

Place and Date of Birth : Yogyakarta, 29 July 1992

Address : Urip Sumoharjo Street, Kepuh GK

3/ 1096, Yogyakarta, 55222

Phone Number : 085643748939

E-mail : [email protected]

Interests : reading literary works; novel, short story, and article

Educations :

1. Muhammadiyah Demangan Elementary School (1998-2004);

2. 15 State Junior High School (2004-2007);

3. Kolombo Senior High School, Science Program (2007-2010); and

4. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University, English Literature (2010-2014)