Speech and Debate Terms Basic Definitions Every Speechie Should Know!
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Transcript of Speech and Debate Terms Basic Definitions Every Speechie Should Know!
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Speech and Debate Terms
Basic Definitions Every Speechie Should Know!
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AD HOMINEM FALLACY
Attacking a person rather than the argument.
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AD POPULUM FALLACY
Claiming something is true because of popular belief.
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AFFIRMATIVE
Arguing in favor of adopting the resolution.
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BALLOT
The piece of paper on which judges write comments, rankings, and the decision of the round.
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BLOCKING
Any movements made during a performance.
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to BREAK
To advance to the next round.
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BURDEN OF PROOF
The affirmative’s responsibility to prove a need for adoption of a resolution or that the resolution is untrue.
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CONSTRUCTIVE SPEECH
In a debate round, the first speech given by each debater from each team.
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CONTENTION
A debate case may be organized into contentions – claims made for or against the resolution – usually stated in one’s declarative sentence.
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COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS
Analyzing the benefits of a policy versus the cost.
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COUNTERPLAN
The negative admits the present system should be changed and argues that the negative team’s proposal (plan) is better than what the affirmative has offered.
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CRITERION
Standards, rules, or tests on which a decision or judgment is based. Also, the basis for establishing or evaluating a policy.
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CROSS EXAMINATION
A questioning period where each side of a debate asks questions of the other.
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to CUT
To take only selected sections from a piece. To cut to make time limits or to cut inappropriate material.
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DOUBLE ENTERED
Entered in one or more event.
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DRAMATIC INTERPRETATION
Also called dramatic interp. You interpret a play, prose, or letters. Can have a touch of humor. You need multiple characters.
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DUO ACTING
Working with a partner you perform from a play or musical. You may use costumes and props.
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DUO INTERPRETATION
Also called duo interp or abbreviated DI. Working with a partner you interpret a piece of literature. Can be humorous or dramatic. You do NOT interact with your partner.
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ETHICS
The rules or standards that govern conduct.
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EXTEMPORANEOUS
Speaking without the benefit of a prepared or memorized manuscript.
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FINALS
An elimination round involving the top two teams in debate or usually the top six competitors in IEs.
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FLOWING/FLOW SHEET
Note-taking during a debate to accurately record the principal arguments or rebuttals.
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FORENSICS
Refers to competitive speech and debate and public speaking (not CSI).
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HUMOROUS INTERPRETATION
Often abbreviated HI. Similar to Dramatic Interp but with a humorous piece. Can include a touch of the serious.
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IEs
Individual Events.
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INHERENCY
Isolating the cause of a problem. If it stems from the system or policy in question then it is said to be inherent. Also, the requirement to prove that the problem stems from the policy in question.
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INTRODUCTION
The introduction to a piece, usually found in interp, extemp, etc. Intros are written by the competitors and are memorized or given extemporaneously.
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JUDGING PARADIGMS
The judge’s educational philosophy. The model or vies that guides their decision about what they think is important in a round and what they do not want to see or hear.
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JUNIOR
A competitor in their first or second year of competition. The term is used at tournaments.
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LAY JUDGES
Judges who are unfamiliar with debate theory; your average Joe off the street.
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LEADER OF THE OPPOSITION
The first and last speaker for the Opposition team.
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MEMBER OF THE GOVERNMENT
The second speaker for the Government team (affirmative).
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MEMBER OF THE OPPOSITION
The second speaker for the Opposition team (negative).
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NEGATIVE
The side that defends the present system and argues against the resolution.
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NFL
The National Forensics League – an educational honor society founded in 1925. Visit them at www.nflonline.org.
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NOVICE
A competitor in their first year of competition. Also a division in a tournament involving only first year competitors.
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OCTA-FINALS
Elimination rounds comprised of the top 16 debate teams.
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OPEN
Indicating that all levels of experience will be competing with each other in either a division or a tournament.
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OPPOSITION
The side that must negate the resolution.
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PATTERN
Events are divided into patterns and run at different times; usually there are three patters in a tournament: Pattern A events, Pattern B events, and Debate.
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PIECE
The literature selection – title and author – you are performing in interpretation events (DI, HI, Duo, Prose, Poetry).
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POETRY INTERPRETATION
Usually referred to as poetry. You work from a central theme. Your poems can all be from one author or from a variety of authors. Must have ISBN or web address on all copies.
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POWER MATCHING
Teams with equal records debate each other.
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PRIME MINISTER
The first and last speaker for the Government (affirmative) team.
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PROSE INTERPRETATION
Usually referred to as prose. Your interpretation of a short story or part of a novel. Can be funny or serious. Cannot be a play or poetry.
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RADIO BROADCASTING
You develop a themed radio broadcast following the requirements presented at the competition. You have 30 minutes to prepare for your five minute broadcast.
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REBUTTAL SPEECH
This speech rebuilds an argument after attacks, refutes the arguments of the opposing team, and summarizes the debate.
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REFUTATION
Directly attacking the opposing teams’ arguments.
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RESOLUTION
The proposition or subject offered to debate.
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ROUNDS
A complete debate or round of individual events.
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SEMI FINALS
Elimination rounds consisting of the top four teams.
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SENIOR
A seasoned and experienced competitor. Term used at tournaments.
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SPEECHIE
Any competitor involved in forensics.
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SPIRIT OF THE RESOLUTION
Refers to the reasonable interpretation and limits of the resolution.
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STATUS QUO
The current state of affairs or the present system.
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STORYTELLING
An individual event in speech. You tell a story in your own words. The narrator is the main character.
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TIME SIGNALS
Hand signals showing how much time you have left.
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TOPICALITY
The argument presented is pertinent to the resolution in spirit or literally – it is topical.
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VALUE
A concept, standard, or ideal that makes a judgment.
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VOTING ISSUES
The key points in a debate that are crucial to the outcome. Also, reasons why a judge should give the decision to a team.
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WEIGHING MECHANISM
The standards by which a judge evaluates the success of the Government’s and Opposition’s cases; the standards by which a decision is made (criteria).
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The End!