Spectrum sharing in 28 GHz band - EMC Europe · Spectrum sharing in 28 GHz band Feasibility of 5G...

© 2016 Nokia1

Spectrum sharing in 28 GHz bandFeasibility of 5G and FSS co-existence

Presenter: Dr. Fabiano Chaves

Contributors: Eugene Visotsky, Kamil Bechta, Prakash Moorut

EMC 2016

© 2016 Nokia2

5G/FSS co-existence in the 28 GHz band

The 28 GHz band

Fixed Satellite Service (FSS) as incumbent globally

Earth-to-space gateway-type services (UL) in USA (27.5 GHz – 28.35 GHz)

Nokia’s activities in the 28 GHz band

5G/FSS co-existence studies with USA operators (Verizon Wireless, AT&T, T-Mobile US)

Contribution to Federal Communication Commission’s (FCC) rules on 28 GHz published in July 2016

Results presented here were contributed to 3 filings with FCC

Background

Although focused on USA, work could be leveraged worldwide to open the 28 GHz band for 5G

© 2016 Nokia3


Interference from FSS towards 5G

UL FSS Earth Station transmissions towards Space Stations interfering with 5G UL

Interference from 5G towards FSS

DL 5G transmissions interfering with a Space Station receiver

UL 5G transmissions interfering with a Space Station receiver

Observations and caveats

Outline

© 2016 Nokia4








Outline

© 2016 Nokia5

5G/FSS co-existence in the 28 GHz band5G system layout example (7 sites)

FSS Transmitter

AP nearest to the FSS Earth Station (‘Victim’ AP)

UEs (90 UEs per AP)

System layout stats:AP density = 29 APs/km2

ISD = 200 m

5G APs (3 sectors)

© 2016 Nokia6


Link level protection criterion

Results are generated for 𝑇𝐻 = −12.2,−6, and 0 dB (from VzW and AT&T)

System level protection criterion

Minimum distance between an FSS Earth Station and the nearest 5G AP, such that 95% of the DL/UL links attached to the nearest 5G AP are “protected”

Positioning of FSS Earth Station relative to the 5G system

FSS Earth Station is pointed at the center of the 5G system layout

Preliminaries: 5G protection criterion

A 5G link (DL or UL) is “protected” from FSS Earth Station interference if:

𝐼𝐹𝑆𝑆 𝑁𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 < 𝑇𝐻 (𝑑𝐵),

where 𝑁𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 includes NF (5 dB)

© 2016 Nokia7

5G/FSS co-existence in the 28 GHz bandFSS interference towards 5G: Evaluation scenario and methodology

Simulation parameters Comments

Methodology

• FSS transmitter placed at a certain distance away from the 5G system edge

• FSS transmitter in azimuth is pointing at the center of the 5G system layout

• 5G UL interference calculations are averaged over many FSS transmitter positions around the 5G system and the 5G UEs attached to the ‘victim’ AP

• Statistical methodology • Output is the percentage of UL links with

satisfied 5G protection criterion attached to the ‘victim’ AP as a function of the FSS distance to that site

• FSS Earth Station antenna pattern in the horizontal plain is displayed in the following slides

5G System layout 3GPP-defined 19-site (57 sectors) system, ISD = 200m

5G AP antenna configuration

• 64 (8x8) cross-polarized elements • Element antenna gain =5 dBi

• Total number of elements = 128• Max AP array gain = 23 dBi• 4-bit azimuth and 4-bit elevation codebooks

used for steering the array at the AP

FSS-to-5G AP pathloss model

• Free space pathloss + 20 dB attenuation (FSPL + 20 dB)• NR UMa• NR RMa

5G AP receiver NF 5 dB

5G AP antenna height 10m AGL 3GPP Urban Micro (UMi) scenario

© 2016 Nokia8

5G/FSS co-existence in the 28 GHz bandFSS interference towards 5G: Modeling

FSS Earth Station pattern in the azimuth plane

FSS Earth Station Parameters Value

EIRP density towards horizon (dBm/MHz)12.2 (Class 1)24.1 (Class 2)48.0 (Class 3)

Antenna height 10m AGL

5G antenna array pattern

© 2016 Nokia9

5G/FSS co-existence in the 28 GHz bandFSS interference towards 5G: Results summary

Observations

Co-existence results sensitive to system protection thresholds

Range of coordination distances dependent upon the earth station class type

Earth Station ClassRequired UL Protection Distance (FSPL + 20 dB)

𝑇𝐻 = −12.2 𝑑𝐵 𝑇𝐻 = −6 𝑑𝐵 𝑇𝐻 = 0 𝑑𝐵

Class 1 < 50 m < 50 m < 50 m

Class 2 2000 m 400 m < 50 m

Class 3 70 km 28 km 15 km

© 2016 Nokia10

5G/FSS co-existence in the 28 GHz bandFSS interference towards 5G: Results summary

Observations

Co-existence results sensitive to propagation models

UMa / RMa

28 km15 km

FSPL + 20 dB Class 3 Earth Stations

Max. protection distance ≈ 5 km!

© 2016 Nokia11








Outline

© 2016 Nokia12


FSS protection criterion

Results are generated for 𝑇𝐻 = −12.2,−6, and 0 dB

Preliminaries: FSS protection

A FSS Space Station receiver is “protected” from 5G interference if:

𝐼5𝐺 𝑁𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 < 𝑇𝐻 (𝑑𝐵),

where 𝑁𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 = −198.6 + 10 log10𝑁𝑇 (dBm/Hz)

Space Station Parameter SS Class 1 SS Class 2 SS Class 3

Elevation angle range (degrees) 15-55 15-55 5 – 50

Orbit distance (km) 36000 36000 8000

Max Space Station antenna gain (dBi) 61 (58 dBi used ) 61 (58 dBi used ) 30 (27 dBi used)

NT (K) 1000 650 570

Nthermal (dBm/Hz) -168.6 -170.5 -171.0

© 2016 Nokia13

5G/FSS co-existence in the 28 GHz band5G interference towards FSS: Evaluation scenario and methodology (5G DL)


Methodology

• Average receiver power (dBm/Hz) per sector is computed at the space station receiver

• Average receive power is calculated by averaging over all DL transmissions in the system

• Given an interference protection criterion, this can be used to compute the number of simultaneously active sectors

• Needs to be translated to AP density under certain assumptions


EIRP = 62 dBm/100 MHz5G AP antenna configuration

• 64 (8x8) cross-polarized elements • Element antenna gain =5 dBi• 6 degree mechanical downtilt• 16 horizontal/vertical beams with side-lobe control

• Total number of elements = 128• Max AP array gain = 23 dBi• Peak-to-sidelobe ratio = 30 dB

EIRP = 75 dBm/100 MHz5G AP antenna configuration

• 256 (16x16) cross-polarized elements • Element antenna gain =5 dBi • 6 degree mechanical downtilt• 16 horizontal/vertical beams with side-lobe control

• Total number of elements = 512• Max AP array gain = 29 dBi • Peak-to-sidelobe ratio = 30 dB

5G AP-to-FSS (space station) pathloss model

• NLoS: Free space pathloss + 20 dB + 4 dB • LoS: Free space pathloss + 4 dB

• 20 dB models NLoS clutter and vegetationlosses

• 4 dB models 1 dB atmospheric loss + 3 dB polarization loss

5G AP TX power• 39 dBm/100 MHz/per sector (EIRP = 62 dBm/100 MHz)• 46 dBm/100 MHz/per sector (EIRP = 75dBm/100 MHz)

© 2016 Nokia14

5G/FSS co-existence in the 28 GHz band5G interference towards FSS: Results summary (5G DL)

Class-3 min elevation angle = 50

Class-1 and Class-2 min elevation angle = 150

Average 5G AP antenna array discrimination towards satellite

5G antenna array pattern

© 2016 Nokia15

5G/FSS co-existence in the 28 GHz band5G interference towards FSS: Results summary (5G DL)

Number of simultaneously transmitting 5G sectors (EIRP = 62 dBm/ 100 MHz)

Space Station Class

Average normalized antenna gain towards the Space Station (dB)@min elevation angle

Average receive power at Space Station from a single 5G sector (dBm/Hz)@min elevation angle

Number of simultaneouslytransmitting 5G sectors

𝑇𝐻= −12.2 𝑑𝐵

𝑇𝐻= −6 𝑑𝐵

𝑇𝐻= 0 𝑑𝐵

Class 1, Rural/Urban (50% LoS/50% NLoS)

-34

-213 2000 8000 32000

Class 1, Urban (25% LoS/75% NLoS) -216 3800 15200 60800



-34

-213 1200 4800 19200



Class 3, Rural /Urban(50% LoS/50% NLoS)

-22

-217 2200 8800 35200



A realistic network loading factor will increase the number of 5G sectors supported

© 2016 Nokia16

5G/FSS co-existence in the 28 GHz band5G interference towards FSS: Evaluation scenario and methodology (5G UL)


Methodology

• Average receiver power (dBm/Hz) per UE is computed at the space station receiver

• Average receive power is calculated by averaging over all UL UE transmissions in the system (only outdoor UEs are considered)

• Given an interference protection criterion, this can be used to compute the number of simultaneously active outdoor UEs

• Results translated into the total number of UL active UEs in the system


5G UE antenna configuration

• 16 (4x4) cross-polarized elements • Element antenna gain = 5 dBi• 0 degree mechanical downtilt• Optimized orientation in azimuth towards the serving

sector

• Total number of elements = 32• Max UE array gain = 17 dBi• 3-bit azimuth and 3-bit elevation codebooks

used for steering the array at the UE • Codebooks are DFT vector-based

5G UE-to-FSS (space station) pathloss model

• NLoS: Free space pathloss + 20 dB + 4 dB • LoS: Free space pathloss + 4 dB

• 20 dB models NLoS clutter and vegetationlosses

• 4 dB models 1 dB atmospheric loss + 3 dB polarization loss

5G UE transmission bandwidth

100 MHz UL UE transmissions are scheduled per 100 MHz

5G UE TX power 26 dBm/100 MHz (EIRP = 43 dBm/100 MHz)With UL carrier aggregation, UE EIRP/100 MHz will be reduced

© 2016 Nokia17

5G/FSS co-existence in the 28 GHz band5G interference towards FSS: Results summary (5G UL)

Number of simultaneously transmitting outdoor 5G UEs (20% - outdoor, 80% indoor)

Space Station Class

Average normalized antenna gain towards the Space Station (dB)@min elevation angle

Average receive power at Space Station from a single 5G UE (dBm/Hz)@min elevation angle

Number of simultaneouslytransmitting outdoor 5G UEs

𝑇𝐻= −12.2 𝑑𝐵

𝑇𝐻= −6 𝑑𝐵

𝑇𝐻= 0 𝑑𝐵


-22

-225 ~28300 ~113200 ~452800

Class 1, Urban (10% LoS/90% NLoS) -228 ~56600 ~226400 ~905600

Class 1, Urban (100% NLoS) -238 ~622600 ~2490400 ~9961600


-14

-217 ~4400 ~17600 ~70400


Class 2, Urban (100% NLoS) -230 ~99000 ~396000 ~1584000

Class 3, Rural /Urban(25% LoS/75% NLoS)

-12

-223 ~17900 ~71600 ~286400


Class 3, Urban (100% NLoS) -237 ~495000 ~1980000 ~7920000

A realistic network loading factor will increase the number of 5G UEs supported

© 2016 Nokia19


Co-existence analysis is sensitive to assumptions and parameters

Path loss models

FSS 5G interference: NLOS channel conditions result in much smaller protection distances

Protection criteria

5G FSS interference: I/N = -12 dB is an extremely conservative protection criterion (FSS UL can sustain much higher I/N levels with litle detrimento to the FSS system performance)

I/N = -6 dB or 0 dB results in 4x or 16x increase in the number of simultaneously transmitting sectors or UEs!

Refinements to be considered on the co-existence analysis

5G DL

A realistic network loading factor

5G UL

Scheduling effects (only a few (< 4) UEs simultaneously transmitting per sector)

Power control, as UEs were assumed to transmit at maximum power


© 2016 Nokia20

5G/FSS co-existence in the 28 GHz bandExcerpts from Nokia’s & Others’ filing and FCC’s July 14th R&O and FNPRM

UMFU Filing from June 1, 2016

(i) „interference from existing transmit FSS earth stations into 5G networks can be addressed by requiring those satellite earth stations to reduce their power flux density (“PFD”) at 10 meters above ground level to -77.6 dBm/m2/MHz at 200 meters; and,

(ii) limitations on Upper Microwave Flexible Use (“UMFU”) licensees are not required to manage aggregate interference from 5G networks into existing FSS receivers that are part of current FSS geostationary (“GEO”) or non-geostationary (“NGSO”) operations.”

FCC Spectrum Frontiers (mmW) Order on 28/37/39/64-71GHz FNPRM from July 14, 2016

Para 54: „... FSS applicant must demonstrate in its license application that the permitted interference zone around its earth station, which we will define as the contour within which FSS licensees generate a power flux density (PFD), at 10 meters above ground level, of no more than -77.6 dBm/m2/MHz ...”

Para 294: „...The analyses provided by commenters leads us to conclude that specific technical limits on UMFUS stations are not necessary at this time to address aggregate interference...”

Spectrum sharing in 28 GHz band - EMC Europe · Spectrum sharing in 28 GHz band Feasibility of 5G...

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