Specific Risk .

• Specific Risk

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ISO 22000 - ISO 9001 vs ISO 22000

1 In comparison with ISO 9001, the standard is a more procedural orientated guidance

than a principle based one. Apart from that, ISO 22000 is an industrial-specific risk management system for any type of food processing and marketing, which can be

closely incorporated with the quality management system of ISO 9001. The

detailed similarities and differences of the two standards can be found elsewhere , , ,.


Infrastructure - Infrastructure debt

1 Infrastructure debt is a complex investment category reserved for highly sophisticated institutional investors who

can gauge jurisdiction-specific risk parameters, assess a project’s long-term

viability, understand transaction risks, conduct due diligence, negotiate

(multi)creditors’ agreements, make timely decisions on consents and waivers, and analyze loan performance over time.


ISO/IEC 27005

1 The purpose of ISO/IEC 27005 is to provide guidelines for information security risk

management. It supports the general concepts specified in ISO/IEC 27001 and is designed to

assist the satisfactory implementation of information security based on a risk

management approach. It does not specify, recommend or even name any specific risk analysis method, although it does specify a structured, systematic and rigorous process

from analysing risks to creating the risk treatment plan.


IT risk - European Union

1 Furthermore, article 35 of the Regulation requires the Community

institutions and bodies to take similar precautions with regard to their

telecommunications infrastructure, and to properly inform the users of

any specific risks of security breaches.


Enterprise risk management - ERM frameworks defined

1 There are various important ERM frameworks, each of which describes an

approach for identifying, analyzing, responding to, and monitoring risks and

opportunities, within the internal and external environment facing the

enterprise. Management selects a risk response strategy for specific risks identified and analyzed, which may

include:https://store.theartofservice.com/the-specific-risk-toolkit.html

International trade

1 International trade is also a branch of economics, which, together with

international finance, forms the larger branch of international economics. For more,

see The Observatory of Economic Complexity. Trading is a value added function of the economic process of a

product finding its market, where specific risks are to be borne by the trader, affecting

the assets being traded which will be mitigated by performing specific functions.


Posttraumatic stress disorder - Early detection

1 Other methods of early detection include the identification of specific

risk factors associated with later PTSD symptoms. Resnick, Acierno,

Holmes, Kilpatrick, and Jager for example were able to identify that the forensic exam given to victims after a rape was associated with

PTSD.


Strategic management - Growth and portfolio theory

1 They concluded that a broad portfolio of financial assets could reduce specific risk


Implications of nanotechnology - Potential risks

1 *'Speculative issues' - the specific risks associated with the speculative vision of molecular nanotechnology,

such as Grey goo


Generation IV reactor - Advantages and disadvantages

1 A specific risk of the sodium-cooled fast reactor is related to using metallic sodium as

a coolant


BRCA mutation - Childbearing and fertility effects

1 Although some studies have produced different results, women with BRCA mutations are generally

not expected to receive these significant protective benefits.

Current research is too limited and imprecise to permit calculation of

specific risks. However, the following general trends have been identified:


Mental disorder - Causes

1 Social influences have been found to be important, including abuse, neglect, bullying,

social stress, and other negative or overwhelming life experiences. The specific

risks and pathways to particular disorders are less clear, however. Aspects of the wider

community have also been implicated, including employment problems, socioeconomic

Economic inequality|inequality, lack of social cohesion, problems linked to Human migration|migration, and features of particular societies

and cultures.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-specific-risk-toolkit.html

BRCA2 - Clinical significance

1 In general, strongly inherited gene mutations (including mutations in BRCA2) account for only 5-10% of

breast cancer cases; the specific risk of getting breast or other cancer for anyone carrying a BRCA2 mutation

depends on many factors.


Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy - Risks

1 No surgery is risk-free, and ETS has both the normal risks of surgery, such as bleeding and infection,

conversion to open chest surgery, and several specific risks, including

permanent and unavoidable alteration of nerve function


General insurance

1 The London market insures large commercial risks such as

supermarkets, football players and other very specific risks


Viatical settlement - Kelco

1 Rather, it modifies it, changing the parties' obligations and benefits,

while yet leaving the insurance i.e., the transfer of the specific risk in

place


Occupational safety and health - Hazards, risks, outcomes

1 situation-specific risks).


Pharmacovigilance - Risk Management Plans

1 In the US, under certain circumstances, the FDA may require

a company to submit a document called a Risk Evaluation and

Mitigation Strategies (REMS) for a drug that has a specific risk that FDA

believes requires mitigation


ISO 26262

1 *Provides an automotive-specific risk-based approach for determining risk classes (Automotive Safety Integrity

Levels, ASILs).


SAS 99 - Describes documentation requirements.

1 Auditors must document: (1) how and when the brainstorming session occurred and who

participated, (2) procedures performed to obtain information to identify and assess fraud risk, (3)

specific risks of material misstatement due to fraud (must specifically include discussion of revenue recognition) and the auditor’s response to those risks, (4) results of the procedures performed to

address the risk of management override of controls, (5) conditions and analytical relationships that led to additional audit procedures or other responses, and (6) nature of communications about fraud made to

management and others.


Assumption of risk

1 The specific risk causing the injury must have been known to, and

appreciated by, the plaintiff in order for primary assumption of risk to

apply


Transparency (social) - Target transparency (for consumers)

1 According to Fung et al., “target transparency aims to reduce specific

risks or performance problems through selective disclosure by

corporations and other organizations. The ingeniousness of target

transparency lies in its mobilization of individual choice, market forces,

and participatory democracy through relatively light-handed government

action.”https://store.theartofservice.com/the-specific-risk-toolkit.html

Trauma (medicine) - Prevention

1 Generally, injury prevention strategies involve educating the general public about specific risk

factors and developing strategies to avoid or reduce injuries


Corporate finance - Financial risk management

1 Per the Modigliani–Miller theorem|Modigliani and Miller framework,

hedging is irrelevant since diversified shareholders are assumed to not

care about firm-specific risks, whereas, on the other hand hedging

is seen to create value in that it reduces the probability of financial

distress


Prostate cancer - Aggressive cancer

1 This pattern can be attributed to factors such as medical co-morbidity and patient preferences is regard to quality of life in addition to prostate cancer specific risk factors such as

pretreatment PSA, Gleason score and clinical stage


Firefighting - Reconnaissance and reading the fire

1 The first step of a firefighting operation is a reconnaissance to search for the origin of the fire (which may not be obvious for an indoor fire, especially when there are no witnesses), and identification of the specific risks and any possible casualties. Any fire occurring outside may not require reconnaissance; on the other hand, a fire in a cellar or an underground car park with only a few centimeters of visibility

may require a long reconnaissance to identify the seat of the fire.


Hedge funds - Risks shared with other investment types

1 As well as specific risks such as style drift, which refers to a fund manager drifting away from an area of specific

expertise, manager risk factors include valuation risk, capacity risk,

concentration risk and Leverage (finance)#Leverage and risk|

leverage risk


Cholangiocarcinoma

1 However, most patients with cholangiocarcinoma have no identifiable

specific risk factors.


Risk homeostasis - Speed limits

1 The results suggest that regulation of specific risky behaviors such as

speed choice may have little influence on accident rates.


Reliability centered maintenance - Basic features

1 RCM also offers specific criteria to use when selecting a risk

management strategy for a system that presents a specific risk when it

fails


Value at risk - Criticism

1 As portfolios or institutions get larger, specific risks change from

low-probability/low-predictability/high-impact to statistically predictable

losses of low individual impact. That means they move from the range of

far outside VaR, to be insured, to near outside VaR, to be analyzed case-by-case, to inside VaR, to be

treated statistically.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-specific-risk-toolkit.html

International Risk Governance Council - IRGC’s functions and activities

1 *Development of specific risk governance policy options and

recommendations based on substantive analysis


International Risk Governance Council - Projects

1 IRGC primarily meets its objectives through projects, the publication and communication of the results of this project work, and the organisation of conferences and workshops where attention is focused on specific risk

issues and their governance


International Risk Governance Council - Events

1 One of IRGC’s core competencies is our convening capability. We

organise a range of events that enable representatives from

government, industry, academia, NGOs and other organisations to openly discuss specific risk issues

and their governance.


First aid - France

1 * SST: Sauvetage-secourisme du travail (first aid at work): similar to PSC1, with a study of the specific risks of the activity of the worker;


Political risk

1 Micro-level risks focus on sector, firm, or project specific risk.Ephraim Clark, “Valuing political risk”, Journal of International Money, and Finance,

Vol


Political risk - Macro-level political risk

1 Macro-level political risk looks at non-

project specific risks


Political risk - Micro-level political risk

1 Micro-level political risks are project-specific risks


Data analysis (information technology) - Traditional audit vs CAATTs on specific risks

1 Another advantage of CAATs is that it allows auditors to test for specific risks


General Data Protection Regulation - Responsibility Accountability

1 'Data Protection Impact Assessments' (Article 33) have to be conducted when specific risks

occur to the rights and freedoms of data subjects. Risk assessment and mitigation is required and a prior approval of the DPA for high risks. 'Data Protection Officers' (Articles

35-37) are to ensure compliance within organizations. They have to be appointed for

all public authorities and for companies processing more than 5000 data subjects

within 12 months.


Business valuation - Modified Capital Asset Pricing Model

1 CSRP= Company specific Risk

premium


Business valuation - Build-Up Method

1 TCOE = risk-free rate + beta*equity risk premium + size premium + company-specific

risk premium



1 The only unknown in the two equations is the company specific risk premium.



1 While it is possible to isolate the company-specific risk premium as

shown above, many appraisers just key in on the total cost of equity (TCOE) provided by the following equation: TCOE = risk-free rate + Total beta*equity risk premium.



1 Total beta can help appraisers develop a cost of capital who were content to use their intuition alone when previously adding a purely subjective company-specific risk

premium in the build-up approach.


SOX 404 top-down risk assessment

1 TDRA is a hierarchical framework that involves applying specific risk factors to determine the scope and

evidence required in the assessment of internal control. Both the PCAOB and SEC guidance contain similar

frameworks. At each step, qualitative or quantitative risk factors

are used to focus the scope of the SOX404 assessment effort and

determine the evidence required. Key steps include:


Working capital management - Financial risk management





distress


Structured products - Origin

1 Combinations of derivatives and financial instruments create

structures that have significant risk/return and/or cost savings

profiles that may not be otherwise achievable in the marketplace.

Structured products are designed to provide investors with highly

targeted investments tied to their specific risk profiles, return requirements and market

expectations.


Burn - Cause

1 Burn injuries occur more commonly in the poor. Smoking is a risk factor,

although alcohol use is not. Fire-related burns are generally more

common in colder climates. Specific risk factors in the developing world

include cooking with open fires or on the floor as well as developmental disabilities in children and chronic

diseases in adults.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-specific-risk-toolkit.html

First aid kit - Contents

1 Specialized first aid kits are available for various regions, vehicles or activities, which may focus on

specific risks or concerns related to the activity. For example, first aid kits sold through marine supply stores for use in watercraft may contain seasickness remedies.


Working capital management - Financial risk management





distress


Factor of safety - :\text\frac\frac

1 nuclear industry utilized a similar concept in evaluating planned

changes until 2001, when 10 CFR 50.59 was revised to capture and apply the information available in facility-specific risk analyses and

other quantitative risk management tools.


Spinal manipulation - Risks neck manipulation

1 Specific risk factors for vascular accidents related to spinal

manipulation have not been identified, which means that any

patient may be at risk, particularly those below 45 years of age


Mental disorders - Causes

1 The specific risks and pathways to particular disorders are less clear, however


Primary health care - GOBI-FFF

1 [http://www.who.int/whr/2002/chapter5/en/index5.html World Health Report 2005], Chapter 5:

Choosing Interventions to Reduce Specific Risks


Self-harm - Drugs and alcohol

1 A recent study in the relation between cannabis (drug)|cannabis

use and deliberate self-harm (DSH) in Norway and England, found that, in general, cannabis use may not be a specific risk factor for DSH in young

adolescents.


Diversification (finance) - Diversifiable and non-diversifiable risk

1 The Capital Asset Pricing Model introduced the concepts of

diversifiable and non-diversifiable risk. Synonyms for diversifiable risk are idiosyncratic risk, unsystematic

risk, and security-specific risk. Synonyms for non-diversifiable risk are systematic risk, beta (finance)|

beta risk and market risk.


2009 Supervisory Capital Assessment Program - Results and consequences

1 That amount of capital held in excess of minimum capital

requirements should be commensurate with their firm‐

specific risk profiles, and account for all material risks


Idiosyncrasy - Idiosyncrasy in economics

1 It is also often called unsystematic or specific risk


Attachment theory - Significance of attachment patterns

1 The link between insecure attachment, particularly the

disorganized classification, and the emergence of childhood

psychopathology is well-established, although it is a non-specific risk factor for future problems, not a pathology or a direct cause of

pathology in itself


Income approach - Direct Capitalization

1 However, capitalization rate inherently includes the investment-specific risk premium


Arbitrage pricing theory - Arbitrage mechanics

1 When the investor is long (finance)|long the asset and Short (finance)|short the

portfolio (or vice versa) he has created a position which has a positive expected

return (the difference between asset return and portfolio return) and which has a net-

zero exposure to any macroeconomic factor and is therefore risk free (other than

for firm specific risk). The arbitrageur is thus in a position to make a risk-free profit:


Complex regional pain syndrome - Sympathectomy

1 However, there is little evidence that these permanent interventions alter the pain symptoms of the affected

patients, and in addition to the normal risks of surgery, such as

bleeding and infection, sympathectomy has several specific

risks, such as adverse changes in how nerves function


Drug allergy - Risk factors

1 Risk factors for drug allergies can be attributed to the drug itself or the

characteristics of the patient. Drug-specific risk factors include the dose, route of administration, duration of treatment, repetitive exposure to the drug, and

concurrent illnesses. Host risk factors include age, sex, atopy, specific genetic

polymorphisms, and inherent predisposition to react to multiple unrelated drugs (multiple

drug allergy syndrome).


☢ - Chemical hazard

1 A 'chemical hazard label' is a pictogram applied to containers of dangerous chemical compounds to indicate the specific risk, and thus the required precautions. There are

several systems of labels, depending on the purpose (container for

handling, container for transportation).


Systemic lupus erythematosus - Laboratory tests

1 SS-A and SS-B confer a specific risk for heart conduction block in neonatal lupus.


Decompression sickness - Ascent from depth

1 The specific risk factors are not well understood and some divers may be more susceptible than others under

identical conditions


Systematic risk - Properties of systematic risk

1 In contrast, Idiosyncrasy#Idiosyncrasy in economics|idiosyncratic risk

(sometimes called Modern portfolio theory#Asset pricing using MPT|specific risk, unsystematic risk,

residual risk, or diversifiable risk) is risk to which only specific agents or

industries are vulnerable (and is uncorrelated with broad market

returns)https://store.theartofservice.com/the-specific-risk-toolkit.html

Consent (criminal) - Sexual transmission of disease

1 However the Appeal Court judges ruled that before the complainants' consent could provide the appellant

with a defence, it had to be an informed and willing consent to the

specific risk, here the risk of contracting HIV, rather than the

general one of contracting something


Statistical arbitrage - Risks

1 Statistical arbitrage is also subject to model risk|model weakness as well

as stock- or security-specific risk


Specific risk

1 Determination of the extent of exposure to individual risks is made using models such as Treynor-Black model|Treynor-Black in which the

optimal share of a security is inversely proportional to the square

of its specific risk.


Specific risk

1 Unlike systematic risk or market risk, specific risk can be diversified

away.In fact, most unsystematic risk is removed by holding a portfolio of

about twenty-five to thirty securities.


Striatonigral degeneration

1 The cause of MSA is unknown and no specific risk factors have been identified


The Century Council - Programs, initiatives and campaigns

1 *'Girl Talk: Choices and Consequences of Underage Drinking' attempts to encourage mothers and daughters to communicate about the

dangers of underage drinking and the specific risks facing teenage

girls.[http://www.theacc.com/sports/w-soccer/spec-rel/022807aaa.html

The Atlantic Coast Conference


Job demands-resources model - Basic assumptions

1 * Whereas every occupation may have its own specific risk factors associated with job stress, these factors can be classified in two

general categories: job demands and job resources.


Fire fighting

1 The first step of a firefighting operation is a reconnaissance to

search for the origin of the fire and identification of the specific risks and

any possible casualties


European Fiscal Compact - Stability and Growth Pact regulation

1 The counter measures will only be outlined in general, identifying the

size and the time-frame of the needed corrective action to be undertaken, while taking into

consideration country-specific risks for fiscal sustainability


Co-sleeping - Precautions

1 Bed-sharing creates an increased risk of injury for any child when a parent smokes heavily, has a history of skin infections, or has any of a number of other specific risk-increasing traits


Rapid Ratings International - Rating Method

1 The system uses 62 efficiency ratios and places companies into 24

industry groupings, allowing it to measure industry-specific risk.

[http://www.johnlothiannews.com/2012/12/broker-ratings-rapid-ratings-james-gellert/ Ratings: How Does

Your Broker Rate?], [http://www.johnlothiannews.com

John Lothian News], Chicago, December 17, 2012.


HEXACO model of personality structure - Honesty-Humility and the Dark Triad

1 Predicting domain-specific risk taking with the HEXACO

personality structure


Buying

1 Trading is a value-added function: it is the economic process by which a product finds its end user, in which specific risks are to be borne by the

trader.


National Microbiology Laboratory - Containment

1 It can depend on the type of work being done as to which level of

containment is needed for pathogens from specific risk groups; as an

example, culturing (or growing) a virus or bacterium requires higher containment than some diagnostic

tests.


Needle stick injury - Risk

1 The specific risk of a single injury depends on a number of factors when the patients harbor the virus of concern. Injuries with a

hollow-bore needle, deep penetration, visible blood on the needle, a needle that was located in a deep artery or vein, or with

blood from terminally ill patients are known to increase the risk for HIV

infection.[http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/rr/rr5409.pdf CDC Guidelines (re HIV) 2005]

Retrieved 2009-06-01


Foreign trade

1 International trade is also a branch of economics, which, together with international finance, forms the

larger branch called international economics. Trading is a value-added function: it is the economic process by which a product finds its market,

in which specific risks are to be borne by the trader.


Danazol - Side effects

1 The use of danazol for endometriosis has been linked to an increased risk

of ovarian cancer. Patients with endometriosis have specific risk

factors for ovarian cancer, so this may not apply for other uses.


Causes of schizophrenia - Prenatal

1 It is well established that obstetric complications or events are

associated with an increased chance of the child later developing

schizophrenia, although overall they constitute a non-specific risk factor

with a relatively small effect


Plum Island Animal Disease Center - Replacement facility

1 In 2012, DHS completed a risk assessment of the Kansas site that called the proposed facility safe and secure.[http://www.dhs.gov/news/2012/03/02/dhs-

issues-updated-site-specific-risk-assessment-proposed-national-bio-and-agro DHS Issues Updated Site-Specific Risk Assessment For Proposed National Bio And Agro-Defense Facility (NBAF)] However, a

2012 review of the risk assessment by the National Research Council (United States)|National Research

Council called it seriously flawed.[http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2012/jun/15/officials-press-feds-nbaf/ Officials press feds for NBAF]


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