Speciation - Collin College
Transcript of Speciation - Collin College
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Speciation
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Macroevolution Major Changes Whole Taxonomic Groups Factors
Reproductive Isolation Rate
Gradual
Punctuated Mass Extinction
Low competition
Stable Environment
Supporting Evidence Fossils Living Organism
Homologous
Analogous
Vestigial
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Macroeveolution: Adaptive Radiation
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Time
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Microevolution
Survival through inheritance Gene Pool Population Change in allele frequencies Time: one generation to the next
Causes Gene Flow Genetic Drift
Mutations Inbreeding
Selection Artificial Natural Adaptation
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Selection: Artificial and Natural
Into or out of
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1963
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Speciation
Define terms Species
Speciation
Characteristics
Barriers
Isolation
Processes
Time
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Geographic Modes of Speciation
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Geographic Barriers
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Allopatric Speciation
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Sympatric Speciation
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Sympatric Speciation
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Causes for Sympatric Speciation
Wheat Cotton Tobacco
Polyploidy
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Reproductive Barriers Speciation
Seasonal Ecological Behavioral Mechanical Mutations
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Species Characteristics
African Fish Eagle American Bald Eagle
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Zygote Review
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Prezygotic and Postzygotic Reproductive Barriers
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Prezygotic Barriers: Environmental
Temporal Habitat (Ecological)
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Prezygotic Barriers: Behavioral
Courtship rituals Mating Songs
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Prezygotic Barriers: Mating and Gametes
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Summary
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Postzygotic barriers
Prevent reproduction in offspring
Examples Hybrid Inviability (Zygotic Mortality)
Hybrid Breakdown (F2)
Hybrid infertility (sterility)
Horse x Donkey Mule
Hybrid survives Can not reproduce
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Hybrid Sterility: F2 reduced fitness Hinny
Donkey x Stallion
Cama (F Llama x M Camel) Zebra
Zedonk
Zebroid
Zorse
Zonkey
Zony
Leopon Lioness x Leopard
Lipard Leopardess x Lion
Hybrid Breakdown
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Postzygotic Barrier: Hybrid Inviability
Fail to complete gastrulation
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Hybrids that are Fertile
Plants
Birds (sparrows)
Insects
Some Mammals Cats
Dogs
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Summary
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Hybrid Zone
Two adjacent species meet Reduced Fitness Complex interactions
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c. Environmental Changes
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Hybrid Zones: A Reconnection
Species Closely Related
Interaction
Zone changes Reinforcement
Fusion
Stability
Reproduction New Species (hybrid)
Reconnection
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Reproductive Results for Hybrids Stabilizing
Reduced Gene Flow
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Hybrid Outcomes
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Speciation Types: Summary
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Speciation Biological Diversity
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Species Concepts and Interactions
Morphological
Ecological
Phylogenic
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Speciation rates
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Genetics of Speciation
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Genetic Selection: Polygenic Traits
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Fitness of Phenotypes
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Selective Pressures
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Quantitative Qualitative
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Monofactoral vs Multifactoral
Polygenetic
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Threshold for Disorders
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Ernst Mayr quote:
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Questions?