Special Sensory SystemSpecial Sensory SystemSpecial Sensory SystemSpecial Sensory SystemTJ del Mundo, MD, DBPOTJ del Mundo, MD, DBPOTJ del Mundo, MD, DBPOTJ del Mundo, MD, DBPO

Special SensationSpecial Sensation

Gustatory Sensation (Taste, SVA) Gustatory Sensation (Taste, SVA) ----- Taste Pathway----- Taste Pathway Auditory Sensation (Hearing, SSA) Auditory Sensation (Hearing, SSA) ----- Auditory Pathway----- Auditory Pathway Vestibular Sensation (Equilibrium, SSA)Vestibular Sensation (Equilibrium, SSA) ----- Vestibular Pathway----- Vestibular Pathway Vision (SSA)Vision (SSA) ----- Visual Pathway----- Visual Pathway Olfaction (Smell, SVA)Olfaction (Smell, SVA) ----- Olfactory Pathway----- Olfactory Pathway

Special SensationSpecial Sensation

Gustatory Sensation (Taste, SVA) Gustatory Sensation (Taste, SVA) ----- Taste Pathway----- Taste Pathway Auditory Sensation (Hearing, SSA) Auditory Sensation (Hearing, SSA) ----- Auditory Pathway----- Auditory Pathway Vestibular Sensation (Equilibrium, SSA)Vestibular Sensation (Equilibrium, SSA) ----- Vestibular Pathway----- Vestibular Pathway Vision (SSA)Vision (SSA) ----- Visual Pathway----- Visual Pathway Olfaction (Smell, SVA)Olfaction (Smell, SVA) ----- Olfactory Pathway----- Olfactory Pathway

Sensory System Sensory System Special Sensation Special Sensation Sensory System Sensory System Special Sensation Special Sensation

Taste (Gustatory) Taste (Gustatory)

PathwayPathway

Taste (Gustatory) Taste (Gustatory)

PathwayPathway

Modality: Modality: Taste Sensation Taste Sensation

Receptor: Receptor: Taste BudTaste Bud

Cranial Nerve: VII, IX, XCranial Nerve: VII, IX, X

Ist Neuron: Ist Neuron: Geniculate Ganglion (VII)Geniculate Ganglion (VII)

Inferior Ganglion (IX, X)Inferior Ganglion (IX, X)

2nd Neuron: 2nd Neuron: Nucleus Tractus SolitariusNucleus Tractus Solitarius

(Gustatory Nucleus)(Gustatory Nucleus)

solitariothalamic fiber (central tegmental tract)solitariothalamic fiber (central tegmental tract)

3rd Neuron: 3rd Neuron: Thalamus (VPMpc)Thalamus (VPMpc) Internal Capsule ----- Corona Radiata Internal Capsule ----- Corona Radiata

Termination: Termination: Gustatory AreaGustatory Area Brodmann area 43 & parainsular cortex Brodmann area 43 & parainsular cortex

Modality: Modality: Taste Sensation Taste Sensation

Receptor: Receptor: Taste BudTaste Bud

Cranial Nerve: VII, IX, XCranial Nerve: VII, IX, X

Ist Neuron: Ist Neuron: Geniculate Ganglion (VII)Geniculate Ganglion (VII)

Inferior Ganglion (IX, X)Inferior Ganglion (IX, X)

2nd Neuron: 2nd Neuron: Nucleus Tractus SolitariusNucleus Tractus Solitarius

(Gustatory Nucleus)(Gustatory Nucleus)

solitariothalamic fiber (central tegmental tract)solitariothalamic fiber (central tegmental tract)

3rd Neuron: 3rd Neuron: Thalamus (VPMpc)Thalamus (VPMpc) Internal Capsule ----- Corona Radiata Internal Capsule ----- Corona Radiata

Termination: Termination: Gustatory AreaGustatory Area Brodmann area 43 & parainsular cortex Brodmann area 43 & parainsular cortex

Taste (Gustatory) PathwayTaste (Gustatory) Pathway Taste (Gustatory) PathwayTaste (Gustatory) Pathway

Taste BudTaste Bud

SVA (Special Visceral Afferent): Cranial Nerve VII, IX, XSVA (Special Visceral Afferent): Cranial Nerve VII, IX, X

Taste PathwaysTaste Pathways

A. nucleus tractusA. nucleus tractus solitariussolitarius (gustatory nucleus)(gustatory nucleus)B. thalamus (VPMpc)B. thalamus (VPMpc)C. Brodmann area 43C. Brodmann area 43D. parainsular cortexD. parainsular cortexE. parabrachialE. parabrachial nucleusnucleus

1. 1. solitariothalamicsolitariothalamic fiber (central fiber (central tegmental tract)tegmental tract)2. 2. corona radiatacorona radiataVII. VII. facial nervefacial nerveIX. IX. glossopharyngeal glossopharyngeal nervenerveX. X. vagus nervevagus nerve

Vestibular Vestibular

PathwayPathway

Vestibular Vestibular

PathwayPathway

Sense of EquilibriumSense of Equilibrium

Modality: Modality: Equilibrium Sensation Equilibrium Sensation

Receptor: Receptor: Macula & Crista Ampullaris Macula & Crista Ampullaris

Cranial Nerve: VIIIvCranial Nerve: VIIIv

Ist Neuron: Ist Neuron: Vestibular GanglionVestibular Ganglion

2nd Neuron: 2nd Neuron: Vestibular NucleusVestibular Nucleus vestibulothalamic fiber (medial lemniscus)vestibulothalamic fiber (medial lemniscus)

3rd Neuron: 3rd Neuron: Thalamus (VPLo, VPI?)Thalamus (VPLo, VPI?) Internal Capsule ----- Corona Radiata Internal Capsule ----- Corona Radiata

Termination: Termination: Primary Vestibular AreaPrimary Vestibular Area ----- Primary Somesthetic Area ----- Primary Somesthetic Area

(Brodmann area 3a, 2v ) (Brodmann area 3a, 2v )

Modality: Modality: Equilibrium Sensation Equilibrium Sensation

Receptor: Receptor: Macula & Crista Ampullaris Macula & Crista Ampullaris

Cranial Nerve: VIIIvCranial Nerve: VIIIv

Ist Neuron: Ist Neuron: Vestibular GanglionVestibular Ganglion

2nd Neuron: 2nd Neuron: Vestibular NucleusVestibular Nucleus vestibulothalamic fiber (medial lemniscus)vestibulothalamic fiber (medial lemniscus)

3rd Neuron: 3rd Neuron: Thalamus (VPLo, VPI?)Thalamus (VPLo, VPI?) Internal Capsule ----- Corona Radiata Internal Capsule ----- Corona Radiata

Termination: Termination: Primary Vestibular AreaPrimary Vestibular Area ----- Primary Somesthetic Area ----- Primary Somesthetic Area

(Brodmann area 3a, 2v ) (Brodmann area 3a, 2v )

Vestibular PathwayVestibular Pathway Vestibular PathwayVestibular Pathway

Vestibular Mechanism - Otolithic MembraneVestibular Mechanism - Otolithic Membrane Vestibular Mechanism - Otolithic MembraneVestibular Mechanism - Otolithic Membrane

Vestibular Hair CellVestibular Hair Cell Vestibular ReceptorVestibular Receptor Vestibular Hair CellVestibular Hair Cell Vestibular ReceptorVestibular Receptor

Vestibular PathwayVestibular Pathway

A. Vestibular ganglionA. Vestibular ganglion

B. Vestibular nucleusB. Vestibular nucleus

C. ThalamusC. Thalamus

(VPLo, VPI?)(VPLo, VPI?)

D. Primary VestibularD. Primary Vestibular

Area (S I, Brodman Area (S I, Brodman

area 3a, 2v)area 3a, 2v)

1. 1. Vestibulothalamic fiberVestibulothalamic fiber

(medial lemniscus)(medial lemniscus)

2. 2. Thalamocortical fiberThalamocortical fiber

(corona radiata)(corona radiata)

VIIIc: VIIIc: Vestibular divisionVestibular division

of VIIIth nerveof VIIIth nerve

VestibularVestibular

TerminationTermination

• ThalmocorticalThalmocortical

connectionconnection

(VPLo (VPLo S I)S I)

• Deep, PeripheralDeep, Peripheral

Somesthetic CortexSomesthetic Cortex

--- 3a, 2--- 3a, 2

(termination of (termination of

deep PWC-MLdeep PWC-ML

pathway)pathway)

AuditoryAuditory

PathwayPathway

Modality: Modality: Auditory Sensation (Hearing) Auditory Sensation (Hearing) Receptor: Receptor: Organ of Corti of Cochlear DuctOrgan of Corti of Cochlear Duct Cranial Nerve: VIIIcCranial Nerve: VIIIc

1st Neuron: 1st Neuron: Spiral GanglionSpiral Ganglion 2nd Neuron: 2nd Neuron: Cochlear Nucleus, Ventral & DorsalCochlear Nucleus, Ventral & Dorsal dorsal, intermediate and ventral acoustic striaedorsal, intermediate and ventral acoustic striae trapezoid bodytrapezoid body lateral lemniscuslateral lemniscus 3rd Neuron: 3rd Neuron: Inferior Colliculus Inferior Colliculus brachium of inferior colliculusbrachium of inferior colliculus 4th Neuron: 4th Neuron: Medial Geniculate Nucleus (MG)Medial Geniculate Nucleus (MG) auditory radiationauditory radiation Termination: Termination: Primary Auditory Area (A I)Primary Auditory Area (A I) Brodmann area 31, 32Brodmann area 31, 32

Modality: Modality: Auditory Sensation (Hearing) Auditory Sensation (Hearing) Receptor: Receptor: Organ of Corti of Cochlear DuctOrgan of Corti of Cochlear Duct Cranial Nerve: VIIIcCranial Nerve: VIIIc

1st Neuron: 1st Neuron: Spiral GanglionSpiral Ganglion 2nd Neuron: 2nd Neuron: Cochlear Nucleus, Ventral & DorsalCochlear Nucleus, Ventral & Dorsal dorsal, intermediate and ventral acoustic striaedorsal, intermediate and ventral acoustic striae trapezoid bodytrapezoid body lateral lemniscuslateral lemniscus 3rd Neuron: 3rd Neuron: Inferior Colliculus Inferior Colliculus brachium of inferior colliculusbrachium of inferior colliculus 4th Neuron: 4th Neuron: Medial Geniculate Nucleus (MG)Medial Geniculate Nucleus (MG) auditory radiationauditory radiation Termination: Termination: Primary Auditory Area (A I)Primary Auditory Area (A I) Brodmann area 31, 32Brodmann area 31, 32

Auditory PathwayAuditory Pathway Auditory PathwayAuditory Pathway

Middle Ear - Sound AmplificationMiddle Ear - Sound AmplificationMiddle Ear - Sound AmplificationMiddle Ear - Sound Amplification

Inner Ear - Cochlear DuctInner Ear - Cochlear DuctInner Ear - Cochlear DuctInner Ear - Cochlear Duct

Organ of CortiOrgan of CortiOrgan of CortiOrgan of Corti

Organ of Corti - Inner and Outer Hair CellOrgan of Corti - Inner and Outer Hair CellOrgan of Corti - Inner and Outer Hair CellOrgan of Corti - Inner and Outer Hair Cell

Outer Hair Cell and Spiral GanglionOuter Hair Cell and Spiral GanglionOuter Hair Cell and Spiral GanglionOuter Hair Cell and Spiral Ganglion

Auditory PathwaysAuditory Pathways

A. spiral ganglionA. spiral ganglionB. dorsal and ventralB. dorsal and ventral cochlear nucleuscochlear nucleusC. inferior colliculusC. inferior colliculusD. medial geniculate nucleusD. medial geniculate nucleusE. Primary auditory areaE. Primary auditory areaF. superior olivary nucleusF. superior olivary nucleusG. nucleus of G. nucleus of lateral lemniscuslateral lemniscus

1. 1. acoustic striae &acoustic striae & trapezoid bodytrapezoid body2. 2. lateral lemniscuslateral lemniscus3. 3. brachium of inferiorbrachium of inferior colliculuscolliculus4. 4. auditory radiationauditory radiation5. 5. commissure ofcommissure of inferior colliculusinferior colliculusVIIIc. VIIIc. cochlear divisioncochlear division

Auditory PathwaysAuditory Pathways

A. spiral ganglionA. spiral ganglionB. dorsal and ventralB. dorsal and ventral cochlear nucleuscochlear nucleusC. inferior colliculusC. inferior colliculusD. medial geniculateD. medial geniculate nucleusnucleusE. Primary auditory areaE. Primary auditory areaF. superior olivary nucleusF. superior olivary nucleusG. nucleus of G. nucleus of lateral lemniscuslateral lemniscus

1. 1. acoustic striae &acoustic striae & trapezoid bodytrapezoid body2. 2. lateral lemniscuslateral lemniscus3. 3. brachium of inferiorbrachium of inferior colliculuscolliculus4. 4. auditory radiationauditory radiation5. 5. commissure ofcommissure of inferior colliculusinferior colliculusVIIIc. VIIIc. cochlear divisioncochlear division

Visual Visual

PathwayPathway

3 Tunics3 Tunics

Tunica FibrosaTunica Fibrosa: : cornea, scleracornea, scleraTunica VasculosaTunica Vasculosa: : choroid, ciliary body, irischoroid, ciliary body, irisTunica NervosaTunica Nervosa: : retinaretina

3 Chambers3 Chambers

Anterior Chamber Anterior Chamber Posterior ChamberPosterior ChamberVitreous BodyVitreous Body

EYEBALLEYEBALL

Modality: Modality: Vision Vision Receptor: Receptor: Photoreceptor Cell of RetinaPhotoreceptor Cell of Retina Cranial Nerve: II (Optic nerve)Cranial Nerve: II (Optic nerve)

1st Neuron:1st Neuron: Bipolar CellBipolar Cell 2nd Neuron: 2nd Neuron: Ganglion CellGanglion Cell optic nerveoptic nerve optic chiasmoptic chiasm optic tractoptic tract 3rd Neuron: 3rd Neuron: Lateral Geniculate Nucleus Lateral Geniculate Nucleus optic radiationoptic radiation Termination: Termination: Primary Visual Area (V I)Primary Visual Area (V I) Brodmann area 17Brodmann area 17

Modality: Modality: Vision Vision Receptor: Receptor: Photoreceptor Cell of RetinaPhotoreceptor Cell of Retina Cranial Nerve: II (Optic nerve)Cranial Nerve: II (Optic nerve)

1st Neuron:1st Neuron: Bipolar CellBipolar Cell 2nd Neuron: 2nd Neuron: Ganglion CellGanglion Cell optic nerveoptic nerve optic chiasmoptic chiasm optic tractoptic tract 3rd Neuron: 3rd Neuron: Lateral Geniculate Nucleus Lateral Geniculate Nucleus optic radiationoptic radiation Termination: Termination: Primary Visual Area (V I)Primary Visual Area (V I) Brodmann area 17Brodmann area 17

Visual PathwayVisual Pathway Visual PathwayVisual Pathway

1. Pigment Epithelium1. Pigment Epithelium - retinal detachment- retinal detachment

2. Neuronal Layer2. Neuronal Layer

(1) Photosensitive Cell Layer(1) Photosensitive Cell Layer

Rod Cell, Cone CellRod Cell, Cone Cell

(2) Bipolar Cell Layer(2) Bipolar Cell Layer Bipolar CellBipolar Cell Horizontal CellHorizontal Cell Amacrine CellAmacrine Cell

(3) Ganglion Cell Layer(3) Ganglion Cell Layer Ganglion CellGanglion Cell Optic Nerve (II)Optic Nerve (II)

RETINA RETINA - Pars Nervosa- Pars Nervosa

1. Optic nerve1. Optic nerve

2. optic chiasm2. optic chiasm

3. optic tract3. optic tract

4. lateral geniculate body4. lateral geniculate body

5. optic radiation5. optic radiation

6. visual cortex6. visual cortex

(striate cortex)(striate cortex)

7. Meyer7. Meyer’’s loops loop

8. lateral ventricle8. lateral ventricle

Visual PathwayVisual Pathway

1. Optic nerve1. Optic nerve

2. Optic chiasm2. Optic chiasm

3. Optic tract3. Optic tract

4. Lateral geniculate 4. Lateral geniculate

bodybody

5. Optic radiation5. Optic radiation

6. Visual cortex6. Visual cortex

(Striate cortex)(Striate cortex)

Visual Visual PathwayPathwayVisual Visual

PathwayPathway

Clinical Features of Visual Pathway LesionClinical Features of Visual Pathway Lesion Clinical Features of Visual Pathway LesionClinical Features of Visual Pathway Lesion

1. optic nerve1. optic nerve

2. optic chiasm2. optic chiasm

3. optic tract3. optic tract

4. 5. optic radiation4. 5. optic radiation

A. unilateral blindnessA. unilateral blindness

B. bitemporal hemianopsiaB. bitemporal hemianopsia

C. left homonymousC. left homonymous hemianopsiahemianopsia

D. left inferior homony-D. left inferior homony- mous quadranopsiamous quadranopsia

E. left superior homony-E. left superior homony- mous quadranopsiamous quadranopsia

Evolution of Visual Pathway and Origin of DecussationEvolution of Visual Pathway and Origin of DecussationEvolution of Visual Pathway and Origin of DecussationEvolution of Visual Pathway and Origin of Decussation

Evolution of Evolution of

Visual Visual

Pathway Pathway

and and

Origin of Origin of

StereopsisStereopsis

Olfactory Olfactory

PathwayPathway

Olfactory Olfactory

PathwayPathway

Sense of SmellSense of Smell

Modality: Modality: Olfaction Olfaction

Receptor: Receptor: Olfactory Cell of Olfactory EpitheliumOlfactory Cell of Olfactory Epithelium

Cranial Nerve: I (Olfactory Nerve)Cranial Nerve: I (Olfactory Nerve)

1st Neuron: 1st Neuron: Olfactory Bulb --- Mitral & Tufted CellOlfactory Bulb --- Mitral & Tufted Cell

olfactory tractolfactory tract

oolfactory striaelfactory striae

lateral & intermediate olfactory striaelateral & intermediate olfactory striae

Termination:Termination: Primary Olfactory Area (Rhinencephalon)Primary Olfactory Area (Rhinencephalon)

piriform lobe (prepiriform cortex, entorhinal cortex) piriform lobe (prepiriform cortex, entorhinal cortex)

corticomedial amygdala corticomedial amygdala

anterior perforated substance (olfactory tubercle)anterior perforated substance (olfactory tubercle)

Modality: Modality: Olfaction Olfaction

Receptor: Receptor: Olfactory Cell of Olfactory EpitheliumOlfactory Cell of Olfactory Epithelium

Cranial Nerve: I (Olfactory Nerve)Cranial Nerve: I (Olfactory Nerve)

1st Neuron: 1st Neuron: Olfactory Bulb --- Mitral & Tufted CellOlfactory Bulb --- Mitral & Tufted Cell

olfactory tractolfactory tract

oolfactory striaelfactory striae

lateral & intermediate olfactory striaelateral & intermediate olfactory striae

Termination:Termination: Primary Olfactory Area (Rhinencephalon)Primary Olfactory Area (Rhinencephalon)

piriform lobe (prepiriform cortex, entorhinal cortex) piriform lobe (prepiriform cortex, entorhinal cortex)

corticomedial amygdala corticomedial amygdala

anterior perforated substance (olfactory tubercle)anterior perforated substance (olfactory tubercle)

Olfactory PathwayOlfactory Pathway Olfactory PathwayOlfactory Pathway

Olfactory EpitheliumOlfactory Epithelium Olfactory ReceptorOlfactory Receptor Olfactory EpitheliumOlfactory Epithelium Olfactory ReceptorOlfactory Receptor

Olfactory epitheliumOlfactory epithelium Olfactory nerve (CN I) Olfactory nerve (CN I)

Olfactory Epithelium and Olfactory BulbOlfactory Epithelium and Olfactory Bulb Olfactory Epithelium and Olfactory BulbOlfactory Epithelium and Olfactory Bulb

OlfactoryOlfactory epitheliumepithelium

Olfactory BulbOlfactory Bulb

GlomerulusGlomerulus

Mitral cellMitral cell

Tufted cellTufted cell

periglomerular periglomerular

cellcell

Olfactory tractOlfactory tract

A. olfactory epitheliumA. olfactory epitheliumB. olfactory bulbB. olfactory bulbC. nucleus of diagonal bandC. nucleus of diagonal band of Brocaof BrocaD. periamygdaloid cortexD. periamygdaloid cortexE. cirticomedial amygdalaE. cirticomedial amygdalaF. entorhinal areaF. entorhinal areaG. septal nucleiG. septal nuclei

I. olfactory nerveI. olfactory nerve1. olfactory tract1. olfactory tract2. lateral olfactory stria2. lateral olfactory stria3. intermediate olfactory stria3. intermediate olfactory stria4. medial olfactory stria4. medial olfactory stria

Olfactory System - Olfactory PathwaysOlfactory System - Olfactory PathwaysOlfactory System - Olfactory PathwaysOlfactory System - Olfactory Pathways

Olfactory PathwaysOlfactory Pathways

I

A. olfactoryA. olfactory epitheliumepithelium

B. olfdactory bulbB. olfdactory bulbC. anterior C. anterior olfactoryolfactory nucleus &nucleus & olfactory olfactory tubercletubercle

D. periamygdaloidD. periamygdaloid areaarea

E. corticomedialE. corticomedial amygdalaamygdalaF. entorhinal areaF. entorhinal area

II. . olfactory nerveolfactory nerve 2. 2. lateral olfactory striaelateral olfactory striae1. 1. olfactory tract olfactory tract 3. 3. intermediate olfactory striaeintermediate olfactory striae

A. olfactory epitheliumA. olfactory epitheliumB. olfactory bulbB. olfactory bulbC. nucleus of diagonal bandC. nucleus of diagonal band of Brocaof BrocaD. periamygdaloid cortexD. periamygdaloid cortexE. cirticomedial amygdalaE. cirticomedial amygdalaF. entorhinal areaF. entorhinal areaG. mediodorsal thalamicG. mediodorsal thalamic nucleus (MD)nucleus (MD)

I. olfactory nerveI. olfactory nerve1. olfactory tract1. olfactory tract2. lateral olfactory stria2. lateral olfactory stria3. intermediate olfactory stria3. intermediate olfactory stria4. thalamocortical radiation4. thalamocortical radiation

Olfactory System Olfactory System - Connections of Primary Olfactory Cortex- Connections of Primary Olfactory CortexOlfactory System Olfactory System - Connections of Primary Olfactory Cortex- Connections of Primary Olfactory Cortex