SPECIAL  

OLYMPICS  

ATHLETICS  

(TRACK AND FIELD)              

Sport Management Team Guide  

 

Part of the Special Olympics Sports Management System  

First Edition January 1994 ©Special Olympics International, 1994

..•

 

           

.................................................................................................................................................................................................. Created by the Joseph P. Kennedy, Jr. Foundation

Authorized and Accredited by Special Olympics International for the Benefit of Citizens with Intellectual Disabilities

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The phrase "Together We Win!" was chosen as the rallying slogan for the Special Olympics 25th Anniversary celebrations. It is this focus on teamwork that has enabled Special Olympics to become a highly visible and recognized worldwide sports movement. Applying a team approach to the development of new sports resources is the key to enhancing the opportunities offered to our athletes and coaches.

Sport Directors and Sport Management Teams

Chapter sports staff are responsible for developing training and competition opportunities in all the sports available. An incredible task! To help them, they have traditionally recruited a "Sport Director'' in each sport to provide resource support and technical expertise. Although Sport Directors play a valuable role in many Chapter programs, this type of support structure is no longer sufficient to drive a Special Olympics sport program that is becoming more complex and challenging every year.

In the future, the most successful Chapters will be those which expand their sport-specific support structure to include functional Sport Management Teams. These Sport Management Teams will include specially trained volunteers possessing diverse expertise in sport and in Special Olympics.

Objectives

Under the direction of the Chapter staff and the Sport Director, a Sport Management Team (SMT) for each sport would work year-round to accomplish the following.

• Assess program needs and develop an annual sport plan.

• Provide technical support for Chapter-level competitions and, whenever

possible, for competitions at the Area and Local levels.

• Provide the technical instructors for coaches' and athletes' training schools and other coach or athlete training programs.

• Support Area and Local programs in their efforts to identify, recruit, and train sport-

specific resources.

• Develop strong relationships between Special Olympics and other NGB-recognized organizations.

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Program Support

A Chapter Sport Management Team provides sport-specific technical expertise and resource support for Chapter-level training and competition and, whenever possible, for Area or Local competition and training programs.

CHAPTER SPORTS STAFF

-------------- Chapter / Sectional Games Chapter Training Schools Clinics / Demonstrations

Sports Camps

Sport Directors/

Management Teams

Annual Sports Plan

AREA* DIRECTOR -----------------

Training Schools Competitions

Program Expansion

Area* Training Director/

Area* Sport Management

Teams

Annual Sports Plan

* This would also apply to other field organizations such as Mega-Cities, Regional/Sectional Committees, etc.

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Chapter Sports Staff

Sport Director

Structuring a Sport Management Team

Below are examples of two levels of a sport-specific Sport Management Team.

Level l

Chapter Sports Staff

I

This Sport Management Team focuses on providing resource support to Chapter-level competition and major training schools.

--------- Sport - --------,

I I I

Coaching Course

Instructor

Director I I I

Chapter

Competition Director

Level 2

An expanded Sport Management Team can provide resource support to training and competition opportunities at and below the Chapter level. The SMT can also become a more proactive force for shaping the direction of a sport within the Chapter.

Coaches Competition Officials Unified College / Local S.O.

Training Director Rep Sports® H.S. Program Coach / Rep Coach Rep Athlete

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The Sport Management Team

Sample Job Descriptions

Besides including people with the following expertise, it is equally important to have geographic representation across the state.

Coaches Training Coordinator

• Conducts at least one Coaches Training School each season. • Advises and trains other instructors.

Competition Director

• Serves as the Technical Director for the Chapter competition. • Assists in the recruitment and training of Area and Sectional Competition

Directors.

Officials Representative • Recruits and trains officials for Area, Sectional, and Chapter competitions. • Reviews and proposes ideas for rules changes.

Unified Sports® Representative

• Assists in developing Unified Sports® culminating competitions. • Assists in conducting Unified Sports® training for coaches.

College, High School, or Club Representative

• Conducts a college, high school, or club partnership program. • Develops statewide involvement with colleges, high schools, and/or clubs.

Local Program Families Representative

• Provides information from the Local Special Olympics program's perspective in designing appropriate training and competition opportunities. This information would include budget, logistics, parental support, etc.

• Provides an excellent opportunity for family involvement.

Special Olympics Coach • Provides input from a coach's perspective in the training and competition needs of

athletes.

Special Olympics Athlete • Provides input from an athlete's perspective. • Serves as an Athlete for Outreach at sports functions.

SPECIAL OLYMPICS

ATHLETICS

Competition Management Team Guide

Part of the Special Olympics Sports Management System Second Edition January 2009

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Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................... 8-13

Managing a Special Olympics Athletics Competition .......................................................................... 8 Athletics Competition Management Team ........................................................................................... 9-12 Official Events ...................................................................................................................................... 13

TRACK EVENTS ....................................................................................................................................... 14-34 Track Competition Management Team ................................................................................................ 15-16 Track Venue - 400m Track ................................................................................................................... 17 Track Venue Checklist .......................................................................................................................... 18-19 Competition Safety Considerations ...................................................................................................... 20 Athlete Roster and Performances .......................................................................................................... 21 Divisioning ............................................................................................................................................ 22 Track Events Heat Sheet ....................................................................................................................... 23 Guidelines for Track Officials .............................................................................................................. 24-25 Official’s Quiz ...................................................................................................................................... 26 Track Staging and Event Flow .............................................................................................................. 27-29 Awards Presentations ............................................................................................................................ 30 Awards Sheet ........................................................................................................................................ 31 Team Competition Evaluation Checklist .............................................................................................. 32-34

FIELD EVENTS ......................................................................................................................................... 35-52 Field Competition Management Team ................................................................................................. 36-37 Field Venues (Running and Standing Long Jumps; High Jump; Shot Put; Softball Throw) ............... 38-42 Field Venues Checklist ......................................................................................................................... 43-44 Field Events Scoresheet ........................................................................................................................ 45 High Jump Scoresheet ........................................................................................................................... 46 Pentathlon Scoresheet ........................................................................................................................... 47 Guidelines for Field Events Officials ................................................................................................... 48-49

ATHLETICS VOLUNTEER COACH COURSE ...................................................................................... 50-61 Part I: Classroom Session ..................................................................................................................... 52-54 Part II: Activity Session ........................................................................................................................ 55-57 Part III: Special Olympics Athletes Training Session .......................................................................... 58 Part IV: Classroom Wrap-up Session ................................................................................................... 59

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Managing a Special Olympics Athletics Competition Thank you for volunteering to be a member of the Athletics Competition Management Team. Your time and energy are greatly appreciated. Conducting a successful Special Olympics competition is truly a challenge that takes dedication and a lot of hard work. The results can be one of the most satisfying experiences in sports. As a member of the Athletics Competition Management Team, you are responsible for conducting an event that will meet a number of challenging goals. These goals include:

Providing a safe competition environment for all participants.

Providing a competition in which all teams and individuals have an opportunity to compete against others of similar abilities

Providing a competition that is officiated according to the official rules and to the highest standards of

fairness

Creating an “Olympic” atmosphere around the event

Providing a positive and inspiring experience for family members, volunteers, and spectators

Increasing public awareness and education about the abilities of individuals with intellectual disabilities

The Competition Management Team Guide provides the fundamental technical information needed to achieve these goals. Committees involved with large, Chapter-level competitions may need to expand some of this information. The basic principals, however, should remain the same for any level of competition. Special Olympics International welcomes your ideas for future revisions of these materials. You are invited to send your comments and ideas to:

SOI Athletics Director Special Olympics International 1133 19th Street, NW Washington, DC 20036

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Athletics Competition Management Team

Flow Chart

The composition of a Athletics Competition Management Team will depend on the size and level of the competition and the personnel available. In Local or Area competitions a number of the above positions could be consolidated. If the competition is a part of multi-sport games, the Athletics Competition Management Team will focus on the operations and competition of Athletics. The Games Management Team may oversee Awards, Ceremonies, Special Events, and Media.

Athletics Commissioner

Games Evaluation Team

Dvisioning Committee

Sports Rules

Committee

Operations Coordinator

Competition Coordinator

Venue

Manager

Special Events/ Awards

Manager

Media

Manager

Field Manager

Equipment Manager

Registrar

Announcer

Announcer

Stagers

Escorts

Opening & Closing

Ceremonies

Honored Guests

Families

Assistant

Track

Referee

ISC

Manager

Medical Manager

Marshal

Clerk of Course

Starters

Registrar

Stagers

Officials

Bench Managers

Escorts

Retrievers

Assistant

Timers

Finish-Line Judges

Umpires

Recorders

Escorts

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Competition Management Team (continued)

Job Descriptions

Athletics Commissioner Ultimately responsible for the quality of the overall track and field competition. Organizes, recruits, trains, and manages the track and field competition personnel. Supervises the Athletics Competition Management Team. Chairs the Divisioning Committee and the Sports Rules Committee. The Sports Rules Committee (Jury of Appeals) handles all protests and usually includes the Meet Referee, who chairs the Committee of three to five coaches.

Operations Coordinator Responsible for the overall management of each venue. Secures supplies and equipment for competition.

Venue Manager Responsible for signage to events as well as to rest rooms, medical, etc. Ensures that all venues are correctly marked, and that all equipment is safely and properly set up. Organizes all equipment needs. Recruits, trains, assigns, and supervises the Track and Field Managers. Responsible for the set up of the public address system Ensures that water and proper medical facilities area are provided.

Special Events/Awards Manager Responsible for all aspects of the awards ceremony, including the ordering of medals and ribbons, coordination of final results, training the Announcer, hospitality for Honored Guests, families, and training of the awards personnel. Also, includes Opening and Closing Ceremonies.

Media Manager Responsible for developing interest in the local media. Provides information, stories and photographs to assist in generating pre- and post-event coverage.

Competition Coordinator Responsible for the overall management of athletics competition, track and field events. Ensures that all officials are trained and supervised.

Track Referee Recruits and trains all officials for track events. Assigns Marshal, Clerk of Course, Starters, finish-Line Coordinator and Judges, Timers, Umpires, and Recorders. Trains and assigns all Stagers and Escorts.

Field Referee Responsible for planning and coordinating high-quality field events. Ensures that each event is safely and correctly set up. Trains and assigns all Stagers, Escorts, Head Officials, Field Judges, Markers, Measurers, Rakers/Broomers, Recorders, and Retrievers.

Medical Manager Ensures that a sufficient number of trained medical personnel, water, and ice are provided.

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Athletics Competition Management Team Title Name

Athletics Commissioner _____________________________________________

Operations Coordinator _____________________________________________

Venue Manager _____________________________________________

Event Manager(s) _____________________________________________ Equipment Manger _____________________________________________

Awards/Special Events Manger _____________________________________________

Announcers _____________________________________________ Stagers _____________________________________________ Escorts _____________________________________________

Media Manager _____________________________________________

Assistant _____________________________________________

Competition Coordinator _____________________________________________

Meet Referee _____________________________________________ Track Referee _____________________________________________

Marshal _____________________________________________

Clerk of Course _____________________________________________

Starters _____________________________________________

Timers _____________________________________________

Finish-Line Coordinator _____________________________________________

Finish-Line Judges _____________________________________________

Umpires _____________________________________________

Escorts _____________________________________________

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Athletics Competition Management Team (continued)

Field Referee _____________________________________________

Head Officials _____________________________________________ Field Judges _____________________________________________ Markers _____________________________________________ Measures _____________________________________________ Recorders _____________________________________________ Rakers/Broomers _____________________________________________ Retrievers _____________________________________________ Escorts _____________________________________________

Medical Manager _____________________________________________

Staff _____________________________________________

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Official Events

Special Olympics offers competition for athletes of all abilities. Program leaders can play a valuable role in offering the widest array of track and field events. As a result, coaches and athletes can select the most appropriate events. The field dimensions and rules for athletics are based on the National Governing Body (NGB) and Internationale Amateur Athletic Federation (IAAF) rules with modifications that are detailed the Official Special Olympics Athletics Rules, pages 53-82, later in this guide. The NGB for U.S. athletics competitions is USA Track and Field. Olympic-Type Events Race Walking

1. 100 Meter Dash 2. 200 Meter Dash 3. 400 Meter Dash 4. 800 Meter Run 5. 1500 Meter Run 6. 3000 Meter Run 7. 5000 Meter Run 8. 10,000 Meter Run 9. 100 Meter Hurdles (women) 10. 110 Meter Hurdles (men) 11. 4x100 Meter Relay 12. 4x400 Meter Relay 13. High Jump 14. Long Jump 15. Shot Put

Men 4 kg/8.13 lbs Women 2.72 kg/6 lbs Men (8-11 yrs-2.72 kg/6 lbs) Women (8-11 yrs-1.8 kg/4 lbs)

16. Pentathlon (100 Meters, Long Jump, Shot Put, High Jump, 400 Meters)

17. 100 Meter Walk 18. 400 Meter Walk 19. 800 Meter Walk Wheelchair Events 20. 100 Meter Wheelchair Race 21. 200 Meter Wheel Chair Race 22. 400 Meter Wheelchair Race 23. Wheelchair Shot Put

- Men 1.81 kg/4 lbs - Women 1.36 kg/3 lbs

Long Distance Racing and Walking

24. 1500 Meter (Walking and Running) 25. 3000 Meter (Walking and Running) 26. 5000 Meter (Walking and Running) 27. 10,000 Meter (Walking and Running) 28. 15,000 Meter (Walking) 29. Half Marathon (Running) 30. Marathon (Running)

The following events provide meaningful competition for athletes with low ability:

31. 25 Meters 32. 50 Meters 33. 25 Meter Walk 34. 50 Meter Walk 35. Softball Throw 36. Standing Long Jump 37. 10 Meter Assisted Walk 38. 25 Meter Assisted Walk 39. 50 Meter Assisted Walk

40. 10 Meter Wheelchair Race 41. 25 Meter Wheelchair Race 42. 30 Meter Wheelchair Slalom 43. 4x25 Meter Wheelchair Shuttle Relay 44. 30 Meter Motorized Wheelchair Slalom 45. 50 Meter Motorized Wheelchair Slalom 46. 25 Meter Motorized Wheelchair Slalom

Obstacle Race 47. Ball Throw for Distance (tennis ball)

TRACK

Competition Management

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Competition Management Team - Track Events

Every athletics meet will require a number of officials to assist in the smooth running of the competition. The exact number of personnel involved will vary depending on the size of the meet. Listed below are some of the more common and necessary positions for conducting the track events. These positions, except that of Meet Referee, are under the coordination of the Track Referee. Meet Referee Responsible for enforcing all rules and official decisions, and shall decide all questions concerning the actual conduct of the meet. The Meet Referee will chair the Sports Rules Committee (Jury of Appeals) and has the authority to exclude any competitor from the competition. Marshal Has full charge of his/her venue area. Clerk of Course Provided with the names and numbers of all competitors entered in each running or walking event. He/she should notify them to appear at the starting line in the proper lanes/positions before the start of the event. Starter Has full control of the competitors from the time the Clerk of Course turns the competitors over to him/her until the event has commenced. He/she is the sole judge as to whether or not any competitor has gone over his/her mark. Warnings or disqualifications may be made only by the Starter. An assistant should be provided to assist the Starter in starting an event, especially when stagers are used. Recall Starter Positioned at the starting line and responsible for firing the gun in the event of a false start. Finish-Line Coordinator Responsible for ensuring that all Timers and Finish-Line Judges are ready to perform their assigned duties. He/she should make sure that the finish-line area is free of unauthorized personnel, and should inform the Starter that the next race may begin. Timers Responsible for timing the competitors according to the finish order of the competitor he/she is assigned. Finish-Line Judges Responsible for picking the correct order of finish.

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Competition Management Team - Track Events (continued) Recorder Responsible for recording the athlete’s scores and placements on the results sheet. Announcer Responsible for calling the name, number, and lane number of the competitor taking part in each event, and all other relevant information. Finish-Line Escorts Responsible for stopping athletes once the race is completed. These escorts should stand well back from the finish line (approximately 15 meters). The Finish-Line Escort should arrange the athletes in the proper lanes until the recording of the finish is complete. The athletes should then be released to their escort. Heat Escorts Responsible for arranging competitors at the staging area, assisting athletes to starting areas, and accompanying athletes to the awards area once finished with the competition. Umpires (Track Inspectors) Responsible for monitoring the track lanes and identifying lane violations. From four to eight Umpires should be located inside/outside around the track. Umpires log any lane violations witnessed during the race by raising a red flag. The Umpires report these violations at the completion of each heat. Medical Personnel Responsible for the emergency care during competition. A Physician will preferably be on site during the competition, or at the very least, on call at a local hospital. Qualified Medical Personnel should be available for both athletes and spectators. Emergency services should be arranged beforehand, such as ambulance services, emergency rooms, etc. Competition Management Team Orientation Because of the complexity of an athletics competition, an orientation for officials and volunteers should be conducted prior to the start of the competition. The orientation should consist of the following:

Review of the Official Special Olympics Summer Sports Rules, concentrating on the rules and modifications of athletics

Review of the Competition Management Team assignments and responsibilities

Identification of emergency procedures and action plan

Venue walk-through

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Track Venue - 400 Meter Track

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Team Competition Venue Checklist Equipment Number Required Checked Starting pistols (32 cal.) ____ ____

Starting shells ____ ____

Starter’s sleeve ____ ____

Batons (8 minimum) ____ ____

Whistles ____ ____

Tape measures (50m and 100m) ____ ____

Official forms/heat sheets ____ ____

Lap counter/bell ____ ____

Starting blocks ____ ____

Hurdles ____ ____

Official flags (red and white) ____ ____

Official Special Olympics and NGB rules ____ ____

Chairs ____ ____

Tables ____ ____

Tents ____ ____

Typewriter (computer) ____ ____

Rope (for areas to be separated and secure) ____ ____

Pennant flags (for areas to be separated and secure) ____ ____

P.A. systems ____ ____

Communication system (walkie-talkies) ____ ____

Garbage Cans ____ ____

Awards stands and decorations ____ ____

Special Olympics and sponsor banners ____ ____

Families, Honored Guests, and spectator seating ____ ____

Water coolers ____ ____

Cups ____ ____

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Track Venue Checklist (continued) Equipment Number Required Checked Pencils and paper ____ ____

Clipboards ____ ____

Copy machine ____ ____

Tape (Scotch) ____ ____

Tape (strapping) ____ ____

Numbers and safety pins ____ ____

Rest room facilities ____ ____

Awards stands ____ ____ Track Personnel Meet Referee ____ ____

Announcer ____ ____

Marshal ____ ____

Clerk of Course ____ ____

Starters ____ ____

Timers ____ ____

Recorders ____ ____

Finish-Line Judges ____ ____

Finish-Line Escorts ____ ____

Umpires (Track Inspectors) ____ ____

Medical Personnel ____ ____

Heat Escorts ____ ____

Security (optional) ____ ____

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Competition Safety Considerations Providing a safe competition environment is a primary responsibility of the Competition Management Team. All Special Olympics athletics events must be conducted in accordance with the rules and procedures outlined in the Official Special Olympics Summer Sports Rules and IAAF/USA Track and Field Rules. The following is a list of safety considerations that should apply to any competition.

Safety Checklist It is strongly recommended that a safety checklist be developed and then completed by Track and Field Managers prior to the start of any competition. Items include:

Clearing the track and field event areas of any dangerous objects Ensuring that the competition areas are kept clear of spectators Establishing spectator Providing shaded areas Utilizing appropriate safety equipment (landing pads, fiberglass crossbars, etc.) Assuring that water is available and readily accessible Assuring that sunscreen and first aid is readily accessible

Emergency Action Plan An Emergency Action Plan should be in place prior to any Special Olympics competition. The plan should define:

Procedure for obtaining emergency medical support Procedure for obtaining weather information Procedure for informing attendees and public of postponements Procedure for reporting accidents Chain of command in case of a serious accident, including who is assigned to talk to the media

Risk Management Orientation A Special Olympics risk management orientation should be given to all competition management personnel. This orientation should identify:

Safety issues (emphasizing critical problem areas and solutions) Procedures for assisting with first-aid and medical needs Discussion of awareness of the Emergency Action Plan

First Aid An area should be designated for the first-aid care for all victims of accident or injuries. The area should be as private as possible with easy access for rescue personnel. The location should be known to all staff and well marked for spectators, volunteers, coaches and athletes. Ice should be available to treat minor playing injuries.

Water Heat exhaustion can be a potential problem for Special Olympics Athletics athletes. Athletes should have access to plentiful supply of water and ice at the field.

Exits All exits to the facility should be clearly marked and unobstructed.

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Athlete Roster and Performances Team Name ______________________________

Head Coach ______________________________ Phone________________________________________

Address ___________________________________________________________________________________

Assistant Coach ___________________________ Phone________________________________________

Information submitted by: Head Coach ______________________________________ Date _____________________________________ Signature ________________________________________

Athlete’s Name Age Sex M/F

Event

TIMES / DISTANCES / SCORES

1 2 3 4

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Divisioning In athletics competitions, Special Olympics athletes are placed in divisions in which they can compete against athletes of similar skills and, whenever possible, against athletes of similar age and gender. The divisioning process is one of the most critical elements of a successful Special Olympics competition and needs to be carefully planned. A more detailed description of the divisioning procedures can be found in the Special Olympics Summer Sports Rules (page 20-24). Step 1: Obtain the following information about each athlete prior to the competition. This can include:

Competition record of results (times, distances, scores) from previous competitions Observations during the season by member of the Sport Management Team Additional information from the Head Coach

Step 2: Place athletes into preliminary divisions according to ability (based on the above information), age, and gender. Divisions must consist of a minimum of three athletes/relay teams and a maximum of eight. The official age groups for Special Olympics individual competitions are: Ages 8-11 Ages 22-29 Age 12-15 Ages 30 and over Ages 16-21 Special Olympics suggests that all divisions be created where the variance between the highest and lowest scores within that division not differ by more than 10%. This is not a rule, but should be used as a guideline for establishing equitable divisions. An additional age group may be established if there is a sufficient number of competitors in the 30 years-and-over age group. Age groups should also be combined if there are less than three similarly skilled athletes within a particular age group. Step 3: Conduct on-site classification heats to determine the divisions for competition. Preliminary events are strongly recommended in order to ensure proper divisioning. When necessary, adjust divisions before the final medal heats. However, in smaller local meets where preliminary events are not held, times, distances, and scores from previous competitions become even more important. Responsibilities of the Competitor In order to ensure fairness and equal opportunity for all athletes, athletes (and coaches) must abide by the letter and spirit of the rules. Athletes who do not participate honestly and with maximum effort in all preliminary trails and/or finals shall be disqualified from all remaining events by the Sport Rules Committee at the competition.

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Track Events Heat Sheet Event _________________________________________

Male/Female______

Age Group: 8-11_____ 12-15_____ 16-21_____ 22-29_____ 30 and over_____

Division_____

Lane Athlete’s Name Athlete’s Number

Team or Local Program Time Place

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Official Scorer __________________________________

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Guidelines for Track Events Officials

The rules for Special Olympics athletics are based upon the rules set forth by the IAAF and USA Track and Field, the united States NGB for athletics. A complete description of the general modifications of Special Olympics athletics competitions can be found in the Official Special Olympics Summer Sports Rules, available through any Chapter office. All athletics officials should be familiar with IAAF / USA Track and Field rules as well as the modifications outlined in the Official Special Olympics Summer Sports Rules. Listed below are a few key guidelines that focus on common errors or misconceptions. These guidelines should be reviewed the day of the competition by the appropriate personnel. Starts

1. Starters should give each athlete a chance to do his/her best by giving competitors ample time to get set after taking their marks. Do not hold athletes too long after the “SET” signal. Start the sequence over if any runner is off balance.

2. In competition, regardless of whether the athletes are using blocks in races 400 meters or below, the commands of the Starter shall be: “PN YOUR MARKS” and “SET.”

3. In races longer than 400 meters, the Starter shall command, “ON YOUR MARKS.” When all competitors are steady, the gun shall be fired.

Lane Violations

1. Athletes are not automatically disqualified for leaving assigned lanes. Disqualification shall result in this case if the athlete interferes, obstructs, or gains an advantage over another runner or runners.

2. In all relay races, the baton must be passed within the take-over zone. Within the take-over zone, it is the position of the baton that is decisive, not the athlete’s body.

3. In the 4x100m relay, the second, third, and fourth runner () may take a position on the track not more than ten meters outside the take-over zone. However, the baton must be passed only within the take over zone.

4. In the 4x400 relay, all runners (X) must take positions on the track on the inside of the take-over zone.

Running Events Only

In races up to and including the 400 meters, the athletes have the option of using or not using starting blocks.

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Guidelines for Track Events Officials (continued) Race Walking Only 1. The athlete must have one foot in touch with the ground at all times. 2. In all race walking events, the athlete does not have to have a straight support leg while competing. 3. In race walking events up to and including the 400 meters, the competitor shall be disqualified with no prior

warning when in the opinion of two or more officials an advantage has been gained. 4. The 25 meter and 50 meter races should be conducted on the straightaway of a regular track. The grass

infield should be used only if absolutely necessary. If the grass infield is used, it shall be marked off in lanes.

Event Flow 1. At the starting line or competition area, the Staging Escort should confirm the entries with the Clerk of

Course. He/she should then assist the Clerk of Course in placing competitors in the proper lanes. 2. The Staging Escort should then proceed to the finish line, giving the heat sheet to the Finish-Line

Coordinator. 3. At the starting line, the Clerk of Course should give final instructions before turning the athletes over to the

Starter. 4. Once the event has been completed, the Finish-Line Coordinator should hand the completed results sheet to

an escort or an awards runner who takes the results to the Awards Announcer. 5. The Athlete Escort then accompanies the athletes to the awards area. 6. Once turning the athletes and the results over to the awards personnel, the Athlete Escort should return to

the athletes’ staging area to continue the staging process with the next group of athletes.

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Officials Quiz This quiz can be given to Competition Management Team members prior to the start of the competition as a quick review of some important principles. Answer True or False to the following questions. 1. Special Olympics is a recreational sports program in which competition is de-emphasized. ______ 2. The Special Olympics Summer Sports Rules contains all the rules needed for Special ______

Olympics Athletics. 3. Strict enforcement the rules is important for the athletes of low and high abilities. ______ 4. Through divisioning, athletes are put into divisions comprised of athletes of similar ______

abilities and ages. 5. Staging areas should be well marked with the event being staged and be easily accessible ______ to and from events. 6. It is considered appropriate officiating to bias judgments a little in order to as to achieve ______ ties or closer finishes. 7. Athlete escorts play a vital role in the smooth running of a Special Olympics competition. ______ 8. Officials should not be too concerned about over-coaching. Special Olympics athletes will ______ generally find it difficult to compete effectively unless the coach actively prompts them. 9. Special Olympics athlete should not be disqualified from competition under any ______ circumstances. 10. At times, the Special Olympics official should also play the role of “coach” and should help ______ athletes of low ability to stay in their lanes, use proper technique in field events, etc.

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Track Staging and Event Flow A successful Special Olympics athletics competition is one in which each official and volunteer knows his/her responsibilities and carries them out in an efficient manner. What follows are a number of guidelines to help ensure a well-run competition. Calling Events

The Meet Announcer should announce each upcoming event three times. The first call for an event should take place fifteen minutes before the event is scheduled to take place. The second and final calls follow at ten minutes and five minutes, respectively, prior to the start. First and Second Calls

“Ladies and gentlemen, your attention please. This is the (first, second) call for the boys 9-11, 100m dash, heats 1 through 4 (example). All participants should now proceed to the staging area. Repeat, (first, second) call for the boys 8-11 100m dash, heats 1 through 4.”

Final Call

“Ladies and gentlemen, your attention please. This is the final call for the (event). All participants should now be in the staging area.”

Staging Set-Up The following guidelines are suggested when setting up staging areas:

Easy access to and from each event Well marked with event name Tent or shaded area Chairs numbered and in rows of eight to accommodate heats Flip chart to list heats being staged Communication system (P.A. and walkie-talkies) Registration table

1. After hearing the event called by the Announcer, coaches should accompany their athletes to the staging

area where a Heat Escort will be responsible for the athletes until the awards ceremony. 2. An Entry Clerk should be positioned at the staging area entrance to oversee athlete check-in and record

scratches. The Entry Clerk should also ensure that only those athletes whose event has been called are entering the area.

3. The Staging Clerk should arrange and seat athletes by division and lane position (competition order). 4. Once the event is scheduled to take place and the signal is given by the Staging Clerk the heat Escort should

take the athletes to the starting line or competition area.

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Track Staging and Event Flow (continued)

Event Flow 1. Once an event is completed, results should be recorded and given to the Heat Escort. 2. The Heat Escort then takes the completed heat sheet and the athletes to the awards area. The Heat Escort

leaves the athletes and the heat sheet there and returns to the staging area where he/she awaits the next complete heat.

3. This cycle continues until all heats are completed. (See diagram on page 30.) Guidelines for a Successful Event Flow 1. A master copy of the event starting times should be posted outside the competition area as a general

reference. 2. Due to possible delays from other events, hold incomplete heats as long as possible. In an effort to keep on

schedule while not penalizing athletes who may be competing in other events, incomplete heats may be bumped to a later starting time if another heat is ready to begin.

3. In a delay situation where a competitor is missing, find out where the athlete previously competed and

where he/she competes next. The decision regarding whether or not to run an incomplete heat should be made by the Clerk of Course and/or Staging Director.

4. Athletes who miss their heat should be scratched from the event, not simply moved to another heat. 5. “Spotters” may be used to help locate athletes who may be lost or are still competing in another event. 6. If possible, radio communication should take place between the Clerk of Course, finish-line and field-

event personnel, Staging Manger, and Announcer.

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Diagram of Staging Set-Up Event Flow

30

Awards Presentations The Special Olympics awards ceremony should be a place where the athletes’ accomplishments are recognized in a dignified and enthusiastic atmosphere which reflects the Olympic tradition. Consequently, it should honor the athletes with dignity, be energized with fanfare and excitement, and involve spectators. 1. Athletes in each division should receive recognition for their efforts in the form of a medal or ribbon. First

through third places receive gold, silver and bronze medals. 2. An athlete who is disqualified or does not finish an event should be given a participation ribbon. 3. The awards presentation should occur immediately following competition in each event. 4. An Awards Escort/Stager should receive the athletes when the event has been completed. He/she should

then assist the athletes to the awards area, seating them in the correct order of placement. 5. Athletes on the awards stands should be positioned at different heights in accordance with their final event

placement. As in the Olympic Games, the first place finisher should be on a higher platform than the second place finisher, and this should continue in descending order. Bleachers, risers, or sturdy wooden boxes can be used to accommodate this arrangement.

6. The Special Olympics banner should hang behind the awards stand. 7. The Olympic fanfare music should be played throughout the ceremony. After the music begins to play, the

Awards Announcer should say the following:

“Ladies and gentlemen … It is my pleasure to announce the results of the (division) of the (age and gender group) (event). In eighth place, with a time/score of (time/score), (name)” … pause for award presentation. This presentation continues in sequential ascending order through first place.

8. For each athlete, the awards presenter should present the award and offer personal congratulations. Sufficient time should be allowed at the end of each division’s presentations in order to allow family and friends to take photos and enjoy the moment.

9. The Awards Escort should then assist the athletes from the awards stands to the exit chute. Any protests should be handled by the Meet Referee, NOT the awards personnel.

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Team Competition Awards Sheet Group (Male/Female) ___ Classification (Age) ___ Division # ___

Position / Award

Team Name Local Program Coach’s Name

1. GOLD

2. SILVER

3. BRONZE

4. RIBBON

5. RIBBON

6. RIBBON

7. RIBBON

8. RIBBON

Registrar’s Signature ________________________________________________

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Team Competition Evaluation Checklist YES NO Venue Preparation by Event

Track Events Competition area separated and kept secure from spectators __ __ Smooth transition from staging to competition area __ __ Chairs for waiting athletes at least 10m from the competition area __ __ Track in good condition, clearly marked, and free of debris __ __ Ample space for athletes to compete without interference __ __

Running Long Jump Smooth transition from staging to competition area __ __ Competition area roped off from spectators __ __ Chairs for waiting athletes at least 10m from competition __ __ Take-off and landing areas safe and free of debris __ __ Ample space for athletes to compete safely __ __ Take-off board taped or marked 1m from pit __ __

Standing Long Jump Smooth transition from staging to competition area __ __ Competition area roped off from spectators __ __ Chairs for waiting athletes at least 10m from competition area __ __ Take-off and landing areas safe and free of debris __ __ Ample space for athletes to compete safely __ __

High Jump Smooth transition from staging to competition area __ __ Chairs for waiting athletes at least 10m from competition area __ __ Fiberglass crossbars used __ __ Jumping area roped off, safe, and free of debris __ __ Ample space for athletes to compete safely __ __ Landing pad free of cracks and in good condition __ __ High jump standards/crossbar set at a starting height of 90cm __ __

Shot Put Smooth transition from staging to competition area __ __ Chairs for waiting athletes at least 10m from competition area __ __ Sector lines clearly marked __ __ Throwing area roped off from spectators and free of debris __ __ Ample space for athletes to compete safely __ __

Softball Throw Smooth transition from staging to competition area __ __ Chairs for waiting athletes at least 10m from competition area __ __ Sector lines clearly marked __ __ Competition area roped off, safe, and free of debris __ __ Ample space for athletes to compete safely __ __

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Equipment

Starter’s pistol and sleeve used for all running events __ __ Time cards used by all timers __ __ Red and white flags (at appropriate track and field venues) __ __ Whistles for Starter and Head Timer __ __ Field event measurements recorded in metric system __ __

Athlete Attire Athletes in proper competition attire __ __

Officials All officials in appropriate attire __ __ Umpires with red and white flags (two for every 100 meters) __ __ Marshals used to keep spectators off track __ __ Timers/Judges on opposite sides of the track on raised stand __ __ Escorts at least 15m beyond finish line __ __

Signage/Competition Information/Banners Staging and spectator seating areas clearly indicated __ __ Umpires with red and white flags (two for every 100 meters) __ __ Marshals used to keep spectators off track __ __ Timers/Judges on opposite sides of the track on raised stand __ __ Escorts at least 15 m beyond finish line __ __

Public Address System Information clearly announced __ __

First-Aid Qualified medical personnel on site __ __ Medical area clearly marked and accessible __ __

Awards Award stands attractively decorated __ __ Special Olympics banners clearly visible __ __ Athletes announced and highlighted __ __ Official Special Olympics awards utilized __ __ Appropriate Honored Guest presenters __ __ Well-placed families, Honored Guests, and spectator areas __ __

Competition Rules consistently enforced __ __ Equal competition within each division __ __

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Team Competition Evaluation (continued)

Additional Comments Venue Preparation __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ Equipment __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ Athletes __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ Officials __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ Signage/Competition Information __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ Public Address System __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ First Aid __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ Awards __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ Competition and Divisioning __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ Other (Coaches’ Meeting, etc.) __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________

FIELD

Competition Management

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Competition Management Team - Field Events

Every athletics competition will require a number of officials to assist in the smooth running of the events. The exact number of personnel involved will vary depending on the size of the competition. Listed below are some of the more common and necessary positions for field events. These positions are under the coordination of the Field Referee. All Field Events Marshall Appointed to each field venue. He/she shall oversee the event to assure consistent flow of athletes. He/she also ensures that proper officials and equipment are present. Head Official Responsible for enforcing the rules for a particular venue. Field Judges Measure and judge each valid attempt of each competitor in all field events. Announcers Are an integral part of each field event. He/she shall call out the name, number, and local program of each competitor, as well as result information. The Announcer shall also be responsible for announcing other pertinent competition information. If possible, Announcers should be provided with portable P.A. systems. Recorders Responsible for recording the athletes’ names and numbers, timing throws, and recording results. Escorts Verify athletes’ names and numbers and lead athletes to and from the on-deck area. Running Long Jump Marker Responsible for marking the landing point of each jump. He/she shall position a straight stick where the athlete breaks the sand closest to the take-off board. Measures (2) Responsible for placing the measuring tape. Work Crew (Rakers and Broomers) Responsible for preparing the pit prior to the start of the event and grooming the pit after each attempt. Take-Off Area Judge Responsible for all foul violations at the take-off area.

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Competition Management Team - Field Events (continued) Standing Long Jump Marker Responsible for marking the landing point of each jump. He/she shall position a straight stick where the athlete breaks the sand closest to the take-off broad. Measures (2) Responsible for placing the measuring tape. Work Crew (Rakers and Broomers) Responsible for grooming the pit before and after each attempt. Take-Off Area Judge Responsible for all foul violations at the take-off area. High Jump Crossbar Officials (2) Responsible for placing the crossbar and watching for fouls. Shot Put Marker Responsible for marking the landing point of each throw. Measurers (2) Responsible for placing the measuring tape and measuring the puts. Retrievers Responsible for removal and control of all thrown balls.

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Running Long Jump

39

Standing Long Jump

40

High Jump

41

Shot Put

42

Softball Throw

43

Field Venues Checklist Equipment Number Required Checked Stopwatches (for 90 second rule) ____ ____

Tape measures (50m and 100m) ____ ____

Official forms/heat sheets ____ ____

Fiberglass crossbars (high jump) ____ ____

Official flags (red and white) ____ ____

Official Special Olympics and NGB rules ____ ____

High jump standards (starting at 2’6”) ____ ____

Stanchions (to rope off the event areas) ____ ____

Rope or pennant flags ____ ____

Shot put - 4 kilo ____ ____

Shot put - 2.72 kilo ____ ____

Shot put - 1.8 kilo ____ ____

Shot put - 1.36 kilo ____ ____

Tennis balls ____ ____

Softballs ____ ____

Rakes, shovels, and brooms ____ ____

Cones ____ ____

Clipboards ____ ____

Pencils, pens, and paper ____ ____

Tape (Scotch) ____ ____

Tape (strapping) ____ ____

Numbers and safety pins ____ ____

Portable P.A. system ____ ____

Communication system (walkie-talkies) ____ ____

Rest room facilities ____ ____

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Field Venue Checklist (continued)

Field Personnel Number Required Checked Referee(s) ____ ____

Announcer ____ ____

Head Officials ____ ____

Field Judges ____ ____

Recorders ____ ____

Measures ____ ____

Markers ____ ____

Retrievers ____ ____

Rakers/Broomers ____ ____

Medical Personnel ____ ____

Athlete Escorts ____ ____

Security (optional) ____ ____

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Field Events Scoresheet Event _________________________________________

Male/Female______

Age Group: 8-11_____ 12-15_____ 16-21_____ 22-29_____ 30 and over_____

Division_____

Order Athlete’s Name Athlete’s Number

Team or Local Program

Attempts Best Attempts Place 1st 2nd 3rd

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Official Scorer __________________________________

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Pentathlon Scoresheet

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47

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Guidelines for Field Event Officials The rules for Special Olympics athletics are based upon the rules set forth by the IAAF and USA Track and Field, the United States NGB for athletics. A complete description of the general modifications of Special Olympics athletics competitions can be found in the Official Special Olympics Summer Sports Rules, available through any Chapter office. All athletics officials should be familiar with IAAF / USA Track and Field rules as well as the modifications outlined in the Official Special Olympics Summer Sports Rules. The Official Special Olympics Athletics Rules are found on pages 53-82, later in this guide. Listed below are just a dew key guidelines focus on common errors or misconceptions. These guidelines should be reviewed the day of the competition by the appropriate personnel. All Field Events 1. For the purpose of breaking ties, all three legal performances shall be measured in the long jump, softball

throw, and shot put immediately following each attempt. 2. In jumping and throwing events, athletics’ attempts should always be non-consecutive, except in the high

jump. 3. A competitor has 90 seconds to initiate an attempt once his/her name has been called by the official. Specific Events 1. Running Long Jump

Athletes must be able to jump at least one meter, which is the minimum distance between the toe board and the sand pit.

2. Standing Long Jump

Athletes must use both feet on the take-off.

Both feet must leave the ground at the same time.

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Guidelines for Field Events Officials (continued)

3. High Jump

The minimum opening height for all high jump competitions shall be 90cm.

Competitors shall not dive forward over the bar or take off from a two-foot take-off. If this occurs deliberately during warm-ups, the athlete shall be disqualified and given a participant ribbon. If it occurs during competition, that competitor shall cease competition and be given the proper place from the last legally cleared height. If it occurs during the pentathlon, the athlete receives the points for the highest legally cleared height.

The crossbar should be raised 5cm after each round.

4. Shot Put

Although it is legal for the athlete to touch the inside of the toe board, he/she may not touch the top edge of the toe board, the line of the circle, or any surface outside of the circle.

The shot shall be put from the shoulder with one hand only.

At the time the competitor takes a stance in the ring to commence a put, the shot must touch or be in

close proximity to the chin, and the hand shall not drop below this position during the act of putting.

Competitors must exit the back half of the circle upon completion of the put.

The put shall be declared foul and shall not be measured if, after entering the circle and starting the put, the competitor commits any of the following violations:

Causes the shot to fall on or outside the vector lines marking the putting sections; Puts a shot which does not conform to the legal requirements; Wears any illegal device or taping on the putting arm, wrist, hand, or fingers.

5. Softball Throw

Competitors may use any type of throw.

Measuring of all throws is necessary for the purpose of breaking ties.

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Introduction

On behalf of Special Olympics International, THANK YOU for contributing your time and expertise. The knowledge you share with the course participants will make a significant impact on the lives of athletes with intellectual disabilities. The Volunteer Coach Training School offers a basic introduction to coaching Special Olympics athletics. The course should be relevant to coaches not yet ready to coach higher skilled Special Olympic athletes of low to average ability. Higher-level skills and strategies are introduced in the Advanced Coach Course and in NGB and other accreditation coaching programs. Coaches should leave the training with a clear understanding of the following:

Official Special Olympics Athletics events and rules

How to use the Special Olympics Athletics Coaching Guide

How to organize a training session

Techniques for warm-up and stretching

Basic knowledge of the fundamentals and key technical skills of each event

Ideas for appropriate drills and activities to teach events

How to teach Special Olympics athletes the strategies of each event

Review the Quick Quiz at the end of this guide to identify major points and ensure that they are covered within the course. Suggestions for Instructors

Review the Special Olympics Athletics Coaching Guide. It provides the necessary background to our coaching program.

Stay on schedule. There is a lot of material to be covered, and it is easy to fall behind. Remember, this

course is an overview. Encourage coaches to take additional coaching courses outside of Special Olympics to continue their coaching education.

Use team teaching. Two instructors can bring different expertise to the course and also make the

course more enjoyable for the participants. It is suggested that on instructor be a specialist in athletics and the other in Special Olympics.

Your ideas on the course are welcomed. Please send any ideas for future improvement to the SOI Athletics Director, Special Olympics International, 1133 19th Street, Washington, D.C. 20036.

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Athletics Volunteer Coach Training School Agenda

PART 1 Classroom Session (90 minutes)

1.0 Introduction and Using the Special Olympics Athletics Coaching Guide 1.1 Special Olympics Coaching Philosophy 1.2 Coaching Resources 1.3 Athlete Assessment 1.4 Special Olympics Athletics Events and Rules 1.5 Preparing for Your Athletics Program 1.6 Eight-Week Training and Competition Plan 1.7 Organizing a Training Session 1.8 Prevention of Injuries 1.9 Coaching Athletes with Intellectual Disabilities

PART 2 Activity Session (120 minutes)

2.1 Warm-Up and Stretching 2.2 Basic Technical Skills 2.3 Conditioning Activities 2.4 Cool-Down

PART 3 Special Olympics Athletes Training Session (90 minutes)

3.1 Model Training Session PART 4 Classroom Wrap-Up (30 minutes)

4.1 Review (Questions) 4.2 Quick Quiz 4.3 Certification Process and Application

Materials …………………………………………………………… Course Agendas (one per participant) Special Olympics Athletics Coaching Guide Samples of recommended resource books/videos

Equipment 1 measuring tape ● 4 batons 1 roll of athletic tape ● 2 stopwatches 12 traffic cones ● 4 clipboards and pencils 6 softballs ● 1 rake High jump standards, crossbar, and pit ● Water First-aid kit

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PART 1 Classroom Session

(90 minutes)

1.0 Introduction and the Using the Special Olympics Athletics Coaching Guide [5 minutes]

Introduce yourself and your coaching background. Ask participants to briefly introduce themselves. Review the training school agenda. Introduce and review the Athletics Coaching Guide; refer to it as you go through the course.

1.1 Special Olympics Coaching Philosophy [10 minutes]

The use of the word “Olympics” means a commitment to high standards of coaching. Training and safety are critical for athlete development. Coaches must continually challenge athletes to push on to new levels of achievement. In Special Olympics, athletes train to compete, not just recreate. Refer to oath: “Let Me Win, But if I cannot win, let me be brave in the attempt.

Life-long fitness is crucial in the lives of Special Olympics athletes.

1.2 Coaching Resources [5 minutes]

Provide examples of coaching books and videos. Encourage coaches to affiliate with IAFF or NGB organization (USA Track & Field). Provide information on other National Governing Body coaching courses. Stress the importance of assistant coaches and Partners Clubs® with high schools and colleges.

(Many Special Olympics athletes need individualized attention in order to progress.) Involve the family members.

1.3 Athlete Assessment [10 minutes]

All athletes must be medically certified to participate in Special Olympics (review the Special Olympics medical form)

All athletes with Down syndrome must have an atlantoaxial X-ray. Those who are determined to have atlantoaxial instability cannot participate in the high jump or pentathlon. Refer to the Official Special Olympics Summer Sports Rules for complete eligibility requirements.

Coaches will encounter athletes of all levels of abilities. Try to individualize training and competition placement to benefit each athlete.

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PART 1 (Continued)

1.4 Special Olympics Athletics Events and Rules [10 minutes]

There are athletics events appropriate for all ability levels. 17 events are provided for athletes with low ability, including events in sprinting, race walking,

wheelchair racing, standing long jump, and throws. 30 events are provided for athletes with higher ability, including events in sprinting, long-

distance running, hurdles, race walking, jumps, throws, and wheelchair racing. Special Olympics Athletics rules include some modifications to IAAF rules and NGB rules. Dvisioning allows athletes to compete against those of similar abilities, ages, and gender. It is vital that accurate times and scores from prior competitions are provided by coaches to ensure

proper divisioning.

1.5 Preparing for Your Athletics Program [10 minutes]

List the minimum equipment needed for a training session. Emphasize the importance of good equipment and quality uniforms for athletes. Provide the names of dealers who will supply low-cost, quality equipment. Discuss and demonstrate the importance of proper equipment maintenance.

1.6 Training and Competition Plan [10 minutes]

Athletes should practice 3-5 days a week, 2 of which may be individualized training AT HOME with parents, siblings, or caregivers.

A season training plan helps coaches allocate time effectively to different events and technical themes.

An Athlete’s progress through the season can be charted using the Assessment Record in the Coaching Guide.

Athletes need regular competition. Review the competition opportunities offered at the Chapter or Area level. Coaches may need to take the initiative organize their own meets.

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PART 1 (Continued)

1.7 Organizing a Training Session [10 minutes]

Emphasize the importance of a written training plan. Outline a simple training plan:

Warm-up and Stretching Review of Skills/Events (previously covered) Stations (cover new skills and/or continue event progression) Conditioning and Competition Experience Cool-Down and Discussion

1.8 Prevention of Injuries [10 minutes]

Safety is a coach’s number one priority. Check the track and field for areas for safety hazards before each practice. Establish training rules to minimize accidents. Have an emergency action plan, and practice it. Never leave athletes alone while attending an injured athlete. 1.9 Coaching Athletes with Intellectual Disabilities [10 minutes]

Establish clear rules to help athletes understand exactly what is expected of them. Break down skills and concepts into simple parts. Use one-part instructions and “Key Words” to explain and reinforce technical skill components. Instruct and demonstrate, but also coach through asking appropriate questions.

Challenge athletes to think for themselves. Be aware of physical impairments that affect the way players hear, see, or pay attention. Establish a consistent pre-meet and post-meet routine at competitions. Ask coaches to suggest any of their own coaching tips.

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PART 2 Activity Session

(120 minutes)

The goals of this session are two fold. One is to help coaches understand the importance of a consistent warm-up and stretching routine and the technical components of each introductory event. The other is to provide simple activities or drills to teach Special Olympics athletes these events. All the activities should be taken from the Coaching Guide.

Note: With the large number of events, there is not enough time to demonstrate the more advanced events. Set up activities for two of the introductory events (for instance, running events and softball throw). Point out that the high jump, shot put, and running long jump are covered in the Advanced Coaches Course. Teaching Suggestions Involve as many participants as possible. Make this an active session with an emphasis on

participation. Know exactly what you are going to do and stick to the schedule. Time goes by very quickly.

2.1 Warm-Up, Stretching, and Acceleration Runs [15 minutes]

Activities

Jogging. To circulate the blood and warm up muscles, jog slowly for 3-4 minutes. Stretching exercises. Examples are calf stretch, straddle stretch, abdominal stretch, knee lift, and toe

touch. Acceleration Runs. Runs should be about 30m long, and should increase in speed so that by the final

run athletes are performing at about 80% effort. These heighten physical fitness and should serve to improve running technique.

Teaching Suggestions Alternate running exercises with stretching. This helps warm up muscles, making stretching more

effective, and also helps maintain interest. Instruct proper stretching technique, such as slow stretching, no bouncing. Show the effectiveness of having an athlete demonstrate a stretch while the coaches focus on assisting

athletes with low ability. Use “Key Words” rather than technical explanations. Keep it simple! To keep athletes involved, set up activities at two or more stations and have athletes rotate. For example,

set up one station for running events, one for throwing and jumping events, and a third for the walking events.

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PART 2 (Continued)

2.2 Basic Technical Skills [80 minutes]

In this short period of time, you are trying to help coaches understand the basic components of each skill and/or event. Then provide drills/progressions to teach athletes how to perform them.

Events 1 & 2: RUNNING AND RELAY RACING, Including Form Drills [20 minutes] Sprinting Demonstrate and discuss starting techniques. Demonstrate and discuss racing form and technique.

Distance and Middle Distance Running Demonstrate proper running mechanics.

Relay Racing Identify incoming and outgoing runner responsibilities. Demonstrate receiving position. Demonstrate and practice receiving the baton in a visual pass.

Event 3: RACE WALKING [20 minutes] Activities and Suggestions Demonstrate and discuss proper form and technique.

Event 4: STANDING LONG JUMP [20 minutes] Activities and Suggestions Demonstrate ready-to-jump position and take-off procedures. Demonstrate proper flight technique and landing procedures.

Event 5: SOFTBALL THROW [20 minutes] Activities and Suggestions Demonstrate and practice proper softball grip. Demonstrate approach and throw techniques. Demonstrate throwing techniques for wheelchair athletes.

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PART 2 (Continued)

2.3 Conditioning Activities [15 minutes]

The conditioning segment of the activities session should focus on helping coaches understand the importance of improving the strength and endurance of their athletes. Activities and Suggestions Strengthening exercises Concentrate on the developing overall body strength. Examples are sit-ups, push-ups, knee bends, back arches, and arm circles.

Endurance work Jogging/running in place Wind sprints

2.4 Cool-Down [10 minutes]

Slow jog Light stretch

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PART 3

Special Olympics Athletes Training Session (90 minutes)

Guidelines

This part of the training school provides an opportunity for coaches to work directly with Special Olympics athletes and to observe expert instructors demonstrating some of the ideas introduced earlier. Coaches will benefit from seeing how a complete training session is run. Therefore, we recommend that the instructors run a model training session. A minimum of nine Special Olympics athletics athletes are needed. The instructors should lead this session and involve as many coaches as possible as active training partners. Take 5 minutes before the session to review the activities and rotation, identify responsibilities, and assign participants specific stations. 3.1 Warm-Ups, Stretching, and Acceleration Runs (all participants) [20 minutes]

Jog slowly. Perform toe touch, straddle, and side twist stretches. Jump and reach. Perform 30m acceleration runs.

3.2 Specific Event Technique Drills [40 minutes]

Demonstrate two events while coaches observe. Provide 20 minutes per event.

3.3 Conditioning Activities (all participants) [15 minutes]

Run 4x200 meters at 75% effort; rest 3 minutes between each. Jog/sprint in place. Perform sit-ups and push-ups.

3.4 Cool-Down and Stretching (all participants) [5 minutes]

Jog slowly and perform light stretching.

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PART 4 Classroom Wrap-up Session

(30 minutes)

4.1 Review (Questions and Answers) [5 minutes]

4.2 Quick Quiz (see following page) [15 minutes]

Ask coaches to complete the Quick Quiz. Provide the answers to each question. Coaches grade their own quiz.

4.3 Certification Process and Application [5 minutes]

Ask coaches to fill out the first part of the certification form. In addition to taking this course on teaching and coaching a specific sport, a Special Olympics

coach must do the following in order to achieve certification: Attend a General Orientation as a basic introduction to Special Olympics Complete a course on the basics of teaching and coaching Special Olympics athletes. Complete 10 hours of working with Special Olympics athletes under an experienced coach Complete the training programs for Protective Behaviors and Concussion Training and submit

confirmation of completion to the Local Special Olympics Program (U.S. only). Receive endorsement from his/her Program as having fulfilled the above criteria, as well as

general screening approval as a suitable individual to work with Special Olympics athletes.

4.4 Training School Evaluation [5 minutes]

Coaches complete the course evaluation and return it before leaving the training school. (See attached form.)

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Quick Quiz

1. For both safety and effectiveness there should be at least ____ coaches at every practice.

2. The five main components of a well-organized training session are ________________________,

__________________, _______________________, ______________________, and

__________________.

3. The first two responsibilities for a coach at the start of a new season are

________________________________ and ____________________________________________.

4. Athletes who must be screened by their doctor for atlantoaxial instability are players with

_____________________________ ______________________.

5. The International Governing Body (IGB) for Athletes is

______________________________________________________________.

6. When faced with a athletic injury, it is best to ___________________________________________.

7. Some of the “Key Words” used to teach the softball throw are ______________________________

____________________________ and _____________________________________.

8. Some of the “Key Words” used to teach the standing long jump are

______________________________________ , _________________________________________,

and ______________________________________.

9. When coaching at the competition the coach should be

_______________________________________________________________.

10. The 10% Performance Guideline is ____________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________.

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Quick Quiz Answers

1. For both safety and effectiveness there should be at least two coaches at every practice.

2. The five main components of a well-organized training session are Warm-Up and Stretching,

Technique Work, Competition Training, Conditioning, and Cool-Down.

3. The first two responsibilities for a coach at the start of a new season are obtain athletes’ medicals

and assess each athlete’s skills.

4. Athletes who must be screened by their doctor for atlantoaxial instability are players with Down

Syndrome.

5. The International Governing Body (IGB) for Athletes is Internationale Amateur Athletics

Federation (IAAF).

6. When faced with a athletic injury, it is best to treat it to the worst situation.

7. Some of the “Key Words” used to teach the softball throw are “Grip it”, “Follow Through”, and

“Snap the Wrist”.

8. Some of the “Key Words” used to teach the standing long jump are “Pop Up”, “Reach Forward”

and “Extend the Arms”.

9. When coaching at the competition the coach should be relaxed, encouraging or positive, and

prepared.

10. The 10% Performance Guideline is performance entry scores (athletes one to eight) within a

division should not differ by more than 10% so that competition will be reasonably equal.