Speaker: The Cost of Saving Babies from Jaundice in Developing Countries
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Transcript of Speaker: The Cost of Saving Babies from Jaundice in Developing Countries
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design that mattersI N N O V A T I O N F O R S O C I A L E N T E R P R I S E
AMERICARESAUGUST 14, 2012
DESIGN THAT MATTERSDESIGN FOR SOCIAL ENTERPRISE
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WHO
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WHAT
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WHERE
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HOW
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METHODS TO MOVE FROM CONCEPT TO IMPLEMENTATIONIMPROVING THE HEALTH OF MOTHERS AND CHILDREN WITH CONTAINERS TO CLINICS
photo courtesy Containers to Clinics
“One container will feature a pair of examination rooms, where pregnant women can get checkups and children can get vaccinations. The other, will be divided into a lab and pharmacy; it will also have a check-in window for patients, who will wait on chairs outside.”
Architectural Record 11May10
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AN AGRIBUSINESS INVESTMENT STRATEGY INCREASING SMALLHOLDER FARMER INCOME AND NUTRITION WITH A USAID CONTRACTOR
“In their feedback, USAID specifically noted our ‘thoroughly developed’ innovation measurement scale as a strength. We did some great work together. I hope we can find another opportunity to collaborate soon.”
Business Development Manager
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A TOOLKIT FOR M-HEALTH INNOVATION PLANNING EXPANDING THE HOSPITAL’S REACH WITH LIFESPRING MATERNITY HOSPITAL
photo courtesy Kate Krontiris
“I just wanted to say a huge THANK YOU for a wonderful workshop. I learned a lot and am excited to bring these lessons back to LifeSpring. You have me inspired to learn more about design thinking!”
Tricia MorenteLifeSpring Strategist
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KINKAJOU MICROFILM PROJECTOR MAKING ADULT LITERACY PROFOUNDLY MORE COST-EFFECTIVE AND SUSTAINABLE WITH WORLD EDUCATION
“it is better, because without the kinkajou, when the teacher is writing on the board, students wait in the dark in vain, and they do nothing.”
Martine Sogobaliteracy teacher in mali
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NEONURTURE CAR PARTS INFANT INCUBATOR CONCEPT INSPIRING THE GLOBAL HEALTH COMMUNITY WITH THE CENTER FOR INTEGRATION OF MEDICINE AND INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY (CIMIT)
“Though its production plans remain in flux, the device might eventually prompt medical equipment manufacturers and aid agencies to re-evaluate their approaches to neonatal care in rural, impoverished areas.”
Jonathan SchultzThe New York Times, 23Nov10
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TRANSFORMING THE DEVELOPING WORLD NEWBORN HEALTHCARE SYSTEM WITH EAST MEETS WEST FOUNDATION AND MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND SERVICES
FIREFLY NEWBORN PHOTOTHERAPY
“I am most impressed with how fast the bilirubin level is reduced. I save Firefly for the most severe cases. We moved this baby from overhead phototherapy to Firefly when his levels spiked to 405. If we hadn’t had Firefly, we would have had to do an exchange blood transfusion.”
Nurse Dan Thi Quynh St Paul Hospital
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VIABILITY(IMPACT POTENTIAL)
WE START WITH IMPACT,
IMPACT MAGNITUDE
IMPACT SUSTAINABILITY
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RESPIRATORY DISTRESS
NEWBORN JAUNDICE
photo courtesy East Meets West Foundation
INFECTION LEADING TO
SEPSIS
photo courtesy Erwin Karim, flickr.com
HYPOTHERMIA
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photo courtesy East Meets West Foundation
Jaundice treatment is only available at 7 hospitals in all of Myanmar, a country with annual birth rate of 900,000. last year, 24% of Mawlamyine General Hospital’s 870 jaundice cases required exchange transfusion, compared to .01% or less in U.S. hospitals.
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DESIRABILITY(STAKEHOLDERS AND
CAPABILITIES)
CLINICAL CONFIDENCE
TIME
WE UNDERSTAND THE USERS,
MEETING STAFF WHERE THEY ARE
ADDRESSING THE FULL RANGE OF STAKEHOLDERS
PARENTS
MAINTENANCE
SERVICING
DOCTORS
NURSESINFANTS
ADMINISTRATORS
GOVERNMENT
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VIETNAM: MAI CHAU DISTRICT HOSPITAL
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CAMBODIA: TONLEBATY HEALTH CENTER
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STAKEHOLDER CAPABILITY
(DESIRABILITY)
AND WE THINK IN SYSTEMS.
FEASIBILITY(CONTEXT
APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY)
/ EASY TO USE CORRECTLY
/ EFFECTIVE
/ DURABLE
/ LOW COST
ANALYZING TECHNOLOGY ACCESSIBILITY
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STAKEHOLDER CAPABILITY
(DESIRABILITY)
AND WE THINK IN SYSTEMS. MOVING FROM PIECES
TO SYSTEMS
CPAP & CONSUMABLES
VENTILATOR & CONSUMABLES
AMBUBAG FEEDING TUBES
IV EQUIPMENT
IV FLUIDS
INFANT FORMULABOTTLES
OVERHEAD WARMER
INCUBATOR
ROOM WARMERBLANKETS
THERMOMETER
PHOTOTHERAPY
BILIRUBIN MSMNT
SUN & BUG PROTECTION
POWER SOURCE
INFANT FOOD
CLEANING SUPPLIES
LIGHT METER
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MYANMAR: NORTH OKKALAPA GENERAL HOSPITAL
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NEPAL: HOSPITAL IN KATHMANDU
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VIETNAM: NAM DINH PROVINCIAL HOSPITAL
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WE CONSIDER ALL THREE
DESIRABILITY(STAKEHOLDERS AND
CAPABILITIES)
FEASIBILITY(CONTEXT
APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY)
VIABILITY(IMPACT POTENTIAL)
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USING THIS PROCESS
IDENTIFY ANALYZE IMPLEMENT EVALUATE
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1. COST PER DALY 2. RIPPLE EFFECT
4. DESIRABILITY & CAPABILITY
3. CONTEXT APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY
ANALYZING OPPORTUNITIES
DESIRABILITY(STAKEHOLDERS AND
CAPABILITIES)
FEASIBILITY(CONTEXT
APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY)
VIABILITY(IMPACT POTENTIAL)
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1. IMPACT: COST PER DALY
UTILIT
IES
CONSUMABLESYEARS O
F LIFE
DUTIES
FEES
TAXES
SHIPPIN
G
REPLACEMENT
CLEANING
TRANSPORT
PURCHASE
SERVICE
DISPOSE USE
MAINTAIN
TRAIN
INSTALL
DISPOSAL COST
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1. IMPACT: COST PER DALY
TRANSPORT
PURCHASE
SERVICE
DISPOSE USE
MAINTAIN
TRAIN
INSTALL
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$0
$5
$10
$15
$20
EQUIPMENT ELECTRICITY CONSUMABLES
$1.16 $1.10 $1.39 $1.50
$4.32$4.72 $4.97 $5.28
$7.11
$8.22
$12.07
$16.32
CO
ST P
ER C
HIL
D (U
S$)
DtM Firefly
Pheonix D-Rev
GE Lullaby 2012
MTTS V3000
Madela BiliBed
NeoBlue Mini
NeoBlue Blanket
NeoBlue Cozy
NeoBlue Overhead
GE Spot PT Lite
GE Bilisoft B
lanket
Draeger 4000
1. IMPACT: COST PER DALY
PURCHASE
DISPOSE
USE
MAINTAIN
INSTALL
PHOTOTHERAPY COMPARISON: COST PER CHILD, 5 YEAR LIFETIME, MAX UTILIZATION
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1. IMPACT: COST PER DALY
TRANSPORT
PURCHASE
SERVICE
DISPOSE USE
MAINTAIN
TRAIN
INSTALL
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1. IMPACT: COST PER DALYELMINATING MORTALITY DUE TO JAUNDICE IN NIGERIA
ESTIMATED COST PER DALY IS 1.8-7.5**does not include DALY from lifelong disability*does not include DALY from mortality due to jaundice-related conditions such as infection and failure to breastfeed.
overall population median age (2011): 19.2 yrsannual birth rate (2011): 5.5M10% of all infants need to be treated1: 550kannual Infant mortality all causes (2011): 500k6% of mortality is due to jaundice2: 30kDALYs with 100% treatment saturation: 575k yrs
device purchase & running costslow = $825K ($1.50/child), high= $2.2M, ($4/child)
other program costslow = $190K ($500/device), high = $2.1M, ($2000/device)
1 Cline, B.K., Vilms, R., McGraw, K., Lou, H. H., Donaldson, K. M., Bhutani, V. K. “Global Burden and Unmet need for Hyperbilirubinemia Treatment.” Pediatric Academic Societies Meeting, Denver, CO, April 30-May 3, 2011.2 Preliminary findings collected from 42 hospitals across Nigeria. Okolo, A., 2012, “Nigeria Kernicterus Survey,” Pediatric Academic Societies Meeting, Boston, MA, Sheraton Exeter Room.
TRANSPORT
SERVICE
DISPOSE
TRAIN
PURCHASE
USE
MAINTAIN
INSTALL
Sunlight Phototherapy Clinical Trial, NigeriaPhoto from project by Tina Slusher M.D.
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1. COST PER DALY
COST EFFECTIVENESS RATIO [US$ PER DALY AVERTED]
0 10 100 1,000 10,000
Disease Control Piorities in Developing Countries 2011
Diarrheal Disease:
Underweight Child 0-4: breastfeeding promotion
Neonatal Mortality: family, community, or clinical neonatal package
Neonatal Mortality from Jaundice:
INTERVENTIONS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
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6 Hours by Motorbike4 Hours by Car178 Miles
7 Hours by Motorbike5 Hours by Car211 Miles
17 Hours by Motorbike14 Hours by Car510 Miles
14 Hours by Motorbike11 Hours by Car404 Miles
Hanoi
Ho Chi Minh City
Hanoi
Mai Chau District Hospital
Nam DinhDistrict Hospital
Dai TuDistrict Hospital
1
2
Scenario 1
Mai Chau District Hospital
Vietnam National Hospital of Pediatrics
Home inRural Village
1.5 Hours by Motorbike.75 Hour by Car
2.25 Hours by Motorbike1.25 Hours by Car
45 Miles 70 Miles
Due to lack of proper tools at the district Hospital level
the infant is referred to a national Hospital
Scenario 2
Dai TuDistrict Hospital
Vietnam National Hospital of Pediatrics
Home inRural Village
1 Hour by Motorbike.5 Hour by Car
2 Hours by Motorbike1 Hour by Car
30 Miles 58 Miles
Due to lack of proper tools at the district Hospital level
the infant is referred to a national Hospital
A DEVICE THAT CAN CHANGE THE NEWBORN HEALTHCARE SYSTEM
2. IMPACT: RIPPLE EFFECT
IN NATIONAL HOSPITALS, UP TO 33% OF NICU PATIENTS ARE ADMITTED FOR SIMPLE JAUNDICE TREATMENT.
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2. IMPACT: RIPPLE EFFECT
A DEVICE THAT CAN PROMOTE THE BEST STANDARD OF CARE
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THE PHILIPPINES: FABELLA NATIONAL HOSPITAL
“We completely banned use of formula in our hospital. Instead, we encourage all mothers to breast feed and use kangaroo care to keep their infants warm.”
Dr. Jazel Manarang
2. IMPACT: RIPPLE EFFECT
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VIETNAM: HA NAM DISTRICT HOSPITAL
2. IMPACT: RIPPLE EFFECT
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2. IMPACT: RIPPLE EFFECT
A DEVICE THAT CAN PROMOTE THE BEST STANDARD OF CARE
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VIETNAM: DANANG WOMEN AND CHILDREN’S NATIONAL HOSPITAL
2. IMPACT: RIPPLE EFFECT
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VIETNAM: NAM DINH PROVINCIAL HOSPITAL
3. CONTEXT APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY
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$0
$5
$10
$15
$20
AVER
AGE
PR
ICE
PER
UN
IT (U
S$)
20132012201120092008
VIETNAM: NAM DINH PROVINCIAL HOSPITAL
* Carbone, James. “LED market grows as prices decline.” Purchasing Pro Magazine, Thief River Falls, MN. January 18, 2011
3. CONTEXT APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY
LED PRICE DECREASE* BETWEEN 2008-2013
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3. CONTEXT APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY
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3. CONTEXT APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY
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VIETNAM: NATIONAL OBGYN HOSPITAL
3. CONTEXT APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY
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FIELD RESEARCHTHE PHILIPPINES: FABELLA NATIONAL HOSPITAL
Fabella is one of the few (25%) public hospitals. They currently have 6 phototherapy devices to treat a NICU of 115 infants.
4. DESIREABILITY & CAPABILITY
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VIETNAM: ST. PAUL GENERAL HOSPITAL
4. DESIREABILITY & CAPABILITY
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VIETNAM: DANANG WOMEN AND CHILDREN’S NATIONAL HOSPITAL
4. DESIREABILITY & CAPABILITY
RECOMMENDED USE ACTUAL USE
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VIETNAM: DANANG WOMEN AND CHILDREN’S NATIONAL HOSPITAL
4. DESIREABILITY & CAPABILITY
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VIETNAM: HAI DUONG PROVINCIAL HOSPITAL
4. DESIREABILITY & CAPABILITY
“Firefly is very easy to use because you don’t have to adjust the height, anyone can use it--nurses, mothers and midwives.”
Dr. Ngo Min Chuong, Director, Nam Dihn Obstetric Hospital
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VIETNAM: ST PAUL GENERAL HOSPITAL
4. DESIREABILITY & CAPABILITY
“If the price of an overhead phototherapy was 20M VND, then I would expect Firefly would be about 30M VND because it is so much more effective and it also prevents cross infection.”
Nurse Dan Thi Quynh, St Paul Hospitalechoed by Moc Chau Hospital staff
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IN THE NICU
“We save it for our most severe jaundice cases. We performed approximately 50 exchange blood transfusions last year.”
Nurse Dan Thi QuynhSt Paul General Hospital
“We have been using phototherapy in mom’s room since 2007. Firefly is the best phototherapy we have seen designed for use in mother’s room.”
Dr. Truong Thi Nhu HuyenDanang Women and Children’s Hospital
4. DESIREABILITY & CAPABILITY
IN MOM’S ROOM
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55INFANTS TREATED TO DATE*
* December 8 - January 6, 2011April 26 - July 18, 2012
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40%REDUCTION IN TREATMENT TIME*
* During the December 2011 Clinical Trial atthe National OBGYN Hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam, compared
to state of the art, new overhead LED phototherapy
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*an expensive, high-risk treatment of last resort for patients with severe jaundice, where all the newborn’s blood is removed and replaced by
donor blood
EXCHANGE TRANSFUSIONS* AVERTED BY FIREFLY
3+
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