SMART: A Spatially Explicit Bio-Economic Model for Assessing and ...
Spatially Explicit Evapotranspiration Mapping for Large ...
Transcript of Spatially Explicit Evapotranspiration Mapping for Large ...
![Page 1: Spatially Explicit Evapotranspiration Mapping for Large ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012500/6179473d2278047722640228/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Geological Survey
Spatially Explicit Evapotranspiration
Mapping for Large Scale Agro-
Hydrologic Applications
Gabriel Senay
USGS EROS
April Webinar Organized by the
National Soil Survey Center
Tuesday, April 22nd, 2014, 1:00 – 2:00 PM Central Time
![Page 2: Spatially Explicit Evapotranspiration Mapping for Large ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012500/6179473d2278047722640228/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Outline
Summary
Background and justification
ET Products (drought monitoring and early warning)
MODIS (operational)
Landsat based ET
Conclusions
![Page 3: Spatially Explicit Evapotranspiration Mapping for Large ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012500/6179473d2278047722640228/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Summary
Satellite-based ET can be estimated operationally using
Land Surface Temperature (LST) as the main driver.
Applications for drought monitoring is reliable as is.
Applications for water balance studies require
calibration with local measurements for bias removal.
![Page 5: Spatially Explicit Evapotranspiration Mapping for Large ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012500/6179473d2278047722640228/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Remote Sensing ET Research and
Application Funded by:
USGS Groundwater Program
USAID FEWS NET
WaterSMART/USGS Water Census
![Page 6: Spatially Explicit Evapotranspiration Mapping for Large ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012500/6179473d2278047722640228/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
center pivot irrigation
NLCD 2001
Columbia Plateau Groundwater Availability Study
![Page 7: Spatially Explicit Evapotranspiration Mapping for Large ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012500/6179473d2278047722640228/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Withdrawal Recharge
Annual Water Balance
![Page 8: Spatially Explicit Evapotranspiration Mapping for Large ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012500/6179473d2278047722640228/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Spatially Explicit Evapotranspiration Mapping for Large ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012500/6179473d2278047722640228/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Spatially Explicit Evapotranspiration Mapping for Large ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012500/6179473d2278047722640228/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
EROS WaterSMART/Water Census
Develop/improve ET model for crop
consumptive use estimation
Apply ET model on regional and national
scales for water use and water availability
quantification.
![Page 11: Spatially Explicit Evapotranspiration Mapping for Large ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012500/6179473d2278047722640228/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
12 digit HUC
Watershed
ET
Water Use Effort: For irrigation water use to
estimate consumptive use.
Water Budget Effort: Total ET as a component of
the water budget.
Temporal Scale: Monthly, weekly, daily ?? Trends for how many years back ??
Who, how much, when?
![Page 12: Spatially Explicit Evapotranspiration Mapping for Large ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012500/6179473d2278047722640228/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Role of Remote Sensing
Land Surface Temperature (LST) from thermal
imagery
Landsat (~100m)
MODIS (1km)
AVHRR (1km)
GOES (10km)
Precipitation Estimate
NOAA NEXRAD (5km)
METEOSAT RFE (10km)
NASA TRMM (25 km), etc
![Page 13: Spatially Explicit Evapotranspiration Mapping for Large ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012500/6179473d2278047722640228/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Two Principles for ET Estimation…
Water Balance
driven by precipitation accounting
Energy Balance
driven by Land Surface Temperature (LST)
![Page 14: Spatially Explicit Evapotranspiration Mapping for Large ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012500/6179473d2278047722640228/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Which model(s) to use…
All models are wrong but
some are useful
(George E. P. Box, 1976)
![Page 15: Spatially Explicit Evapotranspiration Mapping for Large ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012500/6179473d2278047722640228/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Several Approaches…
Soil Moisture Modeling
Land Surface Models such as Noah, SWAT, VIC,
VegET…
Vegetation Index based
NDVI/LAI-based: MOD16, P-M, P-T
Mixed Approach
NDVI-LST (Trapezoid, Triangle…)
Surface Energy Balance
SEBAL/METRIC, SEBS, Two-Source, ALEXI, S-
SEBI, SSEBop…
![Page 16: Spatially Explicit Evapotranspiration Mapping for Large ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012500/6179473d2278047722640228/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
"Climatological" NDVI Pattern:Nebraska
-97.8, 41.4
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35
dekad ( 1-36)N
DV
I
Series1
Series2
Series3
Series4
Series5
Series6WHC
PPTi ETai
Surplus
SWi = SWi-1 + PPTi – ETai – RFi - DDi
Water Balance
Drainage
Runoff
ETa = ETp ETa = Kp * ETo
ETa < ETp ETa = Ks * Kp * ETo
SWi
ETa = Ks * Kcp * ETo
VegET
PRECIPITATION
SOILS
Reference ETo
Land Surface Phenology (LSP)
Water
Balance
Model
Soil Stress Coefficient LSP Water-Use Coefficient
![Page 17: Spatially Explicit Evapotranspiration Mapping for Large ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012500/6179473d2278047722640228/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Operational posting of daily
Soil water index at 7:00 pm
As of Apr 16, 2014
http://earlywarning.usgs.gov/usewem/eta_water.php
![Page 18: Spatially Explicit Evapotranspiration Mapping for Large ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012500/6179473d2278047722640228/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Water Balance Limitations
Requires:
rainfall data
characterization of vegetation water-use patterns
information on soils
Difficult to estimate:
irrigation applications
sub-surface extraction by deep rooted plants and
wetland ET
The impact of pest and diseases on ET
![Page 19: Spatially Explicit Evapotranspiration Mapping for Large ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012500/6179473d2278047722640228/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Energy Balance Approach for ET
http://earlywarning.usgs.gov/usewem/eta_energy.php
USGS WaterSMART and FEWS NET use the SSEBop
(Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance) approach
for:
1) Water Use and Availability Assessment
2) Drought Monitoring & Early Warning
![Page 20: Spatially Explicit Evapotranspiration Mapping for Large ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012500/6179473d2278047722640228/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
LST (Ts)
Ta
ETfraction ETo
ETa
Air Temp
Weather
Data Radiation,
Temp, Wind,
RH, Pressure
Adapted the “hot” and “cold” pixel concept from SEBAL (Bastiaanssen et al., 1998) and METRIC (Allen et al., 2007) to
calculate ET fraction and combine it with ETo.
SSEB: Senay, et al., 2007 sensors; 2011 AWM; SSEBop: 2013 JAWRA.
Land Surface Temp
ETf
0.0
1.0
Ts cold Ts
Ts hot
Well-watered
fields/pixels
Bare/dry
fields/pixels
![Page 21: Spatially Explicit Evapotranspiration Mapping for Large ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012500/6179473d2278047722640228/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Rn = LE + H + G
LE = Rn – H
G =~ 0 for daily estimate
ET Direct, SSEBop:
Using surface energy balance principles
SSEBop: Pre-defined dT
Varies in space and season
but constant from year-to-year
under clear-sky conditions
RS-ET possible under “clear sky”
conditions only.
ET as a Residual:
a
p
r
TaTsH
c )(
ETodT
TsThET *
cp
rRdT an
ETorR
TsThET
an
pc*
)(
EToETfETLE *
![Page 22: Spatially Explicit Evapotranspiration Mapping for Large ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012500/6179473d2278047722640228/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Jul 4, 2012
Pre-defined Boundary Conditions are KEY!
dT
Transect:
Ts = MODIS LST
Tc= Cold boundary (Ta_max)
Th = Tc + dT
![Page 23: Spatially Explicit Evapotranspiration Mapping for Large ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012500/6179473d2278047722640228/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Source of LST and reference ETo
Land Surface Temperature (LST) from thermal
imagery
Current implementation with SSEBop
Landsat (~100m)
MODIS (1km)
Air Temp: Daymet, PRISM, Worldclim
ETo: model assimilated global weather datasets such
as GDAS and NLDAS or station-based P-M ETo
fields.
![Page 24: Spatially Explicit Evapotranspiration Mapping for Large ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012500/6179473d2278047722640228/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
MODIS: Moderate-resolution
Imaging Spectroradiometer
Satellite: Terra (EOS AM-1)
Sensors: MODIS, and 4 others
Altitude: 725 km
Repeat: daily at 10:30 am
Period: 98.8 minutes
Images from a polar orbiting satellite
![Page 25: Spatially Explicit Evapotranspiration Mapping for Large ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012500/6179473d2278047722640228/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
MODIS Spectral Bands (36)
![Page 26: Spatially Explicit Evapotranspiration Mapping for Large ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012500/6179473d2278047722640228/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
MODIS 8-day Land Surface Temperature
(1-km spatial resolution)
![Page 27: Spatially Explicit Evapotranspiration Mapping for Large ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012500/6179473d2278047722640228/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Daily Global GDAS ETo for July 2004
6-hr weather forecast data from NOAA:
Radiation, temp, wind, RH and pressure
to solve the standardized P-M Equation
http://earlywarning.usgs.gov/Global/dwnglobalpet.php
Senay et al., 2008. JAWRA
![Page 28: Spatially Explicit Evapotranspiration Mapping for Large ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012500/6179473d2278047722640228/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
SSEBop Illustrative Validation with EC Flux Towers
EC Flux Tower: Audubon, AZ, 2005
Senay et al., 2013. JAWRA
![Page 29: Spatially Explicit Evapotranspiration Mapping for Large ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012500/6179473d2278047722640228/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Validation in Oklahoma, 2005
AmeriFlux EC Tower
![Page 30: Spatially Explicit Evapotranspiration Mapping for Large ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012500/6179473d2278047722640228/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Inter-comparison of 4 ET Estimates
Velpuri et al., 2013. RSE
![Page 31: Spatially Explicit Evapotranspiration Mapping for Large ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012500/6179473d2278047722640228/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
ET Data on USGS Geo Portal
http://cida.usgs.gov/climate/gdp/
(Center for Integrated Data Analytics)
Monthly and yearly grids:
2000-2013
![Page 32: Spatially Explicit Evapotranspiration Mapping for Large ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012500/6179473d2278047722640228/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Global and Regional Operational Products
MODIS: for Global and Regional
Landsat: for local/sub-basin scale applications
![Page 33: Spatially Explicit Evapotranspiration Mapping for Large ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012500/6179473d2278047722640228/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
http://earlywarning.usgs.gov/fews/global/index.php
![Page 34: Spatially Explicit Evapotranspiration Mapping for Large ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012500/6179473d2278047722640228/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
http://earlywarning.usgs.gov/fews/global/index.php
![Page 35: Spatially Explicit Evapotranspiration Mapping for Large ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012500/6179473d2278047722640228/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Annual ET
![Page 36: Spatially Explicit Evapotranspiration Mapping for Large ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012500/6179473d2278047722640228/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Annual ET Anomaly
http://earlywarning.usgs.gov/usewem/eta8dayhist.php
![Page 37: Spatially Explicit Evapotranspiration Mapping for Large ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012500/6179473d2278047722640228/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
2012 Seasonal ETa Anomaly
2013 Seasonal ETa Anomaly
(Apr- Oct)
(Apr- Oct)
![Page 38: Spatially Explicit Evapotranspiration Mapping for Large ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012500/6179473d2278047722640228/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Landsat Scale ET:
Water use at a field scale including
golf courses…
![Page 39: Spatially Explicit Evapotranspiration Mapping for Large ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012500/6179473d2278047722640228/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Colorado River Basin Annual ET 2010
(mm): 1st ever for CRB, seamless Landsat ET!
Landsat ET MODIS ET
![Page 40: Spatially Explicit Evapotranspiration Mapping for Large ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012500/6179473d2278047722640228/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Zoom in of MODIS Annual ET (SSEBop)
0 1000 mm
![Page 41: Spatially Explicit Evapotranspiration Mapping for Large ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012500/6179473d2278047722640228/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Zoom in of Landsat Annual ET (SSEBop)
0 1000 mm
![Page 42: Spatially Explicit Evapotranspiration Mapping for Large ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012500/6179473d2278047722640228/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Close up View of MODIS and Landsat
Annual ET With Respect to Base Map
Base Map MODIS ET Landsat ET 1000 mm 0
![Page 43: Spatially Explicit Evapotranspiration Mapping for Large ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012500/6179473d2278047722640228/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Close up View of MODIS and Landsat
Annual ET With Respect to Base Map
Base Map MODIS ET Landsat ET 1000 mm 0
![Page 44: Spatially Explicit Evapotranspiration Mapping for Large ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012500/6179473d2278047722640228/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Close up View of MODIS and Landsat
Annual ET With Respect to Base Map
Base Map MODIS ET Landsat ET 1000 mm 0
![Page 45: Spatially Explicit Evapotranspiration Mapping for Large ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012500/6179473d2278047722640228/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Crops
have lower
annual ET than
Natural Vegetation
in the Southeast!
Apalachicola-
Chattahoochee-
Flint River Basin
Model:
SSEBop on Landsat
![Page 46: Spatially Explicit Evapotranspiration Mapping for Large ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012500/6179473d2278047722640228/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Model:
SSEBop on Landsat
![Page 47: Spatially Explicit Evapotranspiration Mapping for Large ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012500/6179473d2278047722640228/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
DRB Close up View
![Page 48: Spatially Explicit Evapotranspiration Mapping for Large ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012500/6179473d2278047722640228/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Validation with Lysimeter in Texas High Plains
With USDA ARS (P. Gowda)
Landsat-based ET using 14 images in 2006-2007
Random error is minimized at
seasonal scale with a seasonal
accuracy of about 90% Senay et al., 2014. HESSD
![Page 49: Spatially Explicit Evapotranspiration Mapping for Large ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012500/6179473d2278047722640228/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
![Page 50: Spatially Explicit Evapotranspiration Mapping for Large ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012500/6179473d2278047722640228/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
![Page 51: Spatially Explicit Evapotranspiration Mapping for Large ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012500/6179473d2278047722640228/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
![Page 52: Spatially Explicit Evapotranspiration Mapping for Large ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012500/6179473d2278047722640228/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Conclusion
Remote sensing based ET is reliable enough to
provide timely, consistent and cost effective
monitoring and assessment products for use in:
irrigation water use estimation
understand basin water balance dynamics
assess and monitor crop performance and drought
![Page 53: Spatially Explicit Evapotranspiration Mapping for Large ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012500/6179473d2278047722640228/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Team and Contributors
USGS:
Jim Verdin
Jim Rowland
SGT:
Stefanie Bohms
MacKenize Friedrichs
InuTeq:
Ramesh Singh
Manohar Velpuri
![Page 54: Spatially Explicit Evapotranspiration Mapping for Large ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012500/6179473d2278047722640228/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Thank you!