Spatial Estimates of Biomass in 'Mature’ Native Vegetation ...

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4 Spatial Estimates of Biomass in ‘Mature’ Native Vegetation

John Raison, Heather Keith, Damian Barrett,Bill Burrows and Pauline Grierson

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SPATIAL ESTIMATES OF BIOMASS IN ‘MATURE’ NATIVE VEGETATION

John Raison+, Heather Keith+, Damian Barrett*,Bill Burrows^, Pauline Grierson#

+ CSIRO Forestry and Forest Products* CSIRO Plant Industry

^ Queensland Department of Primary Industries# University of Western Australia

National Carbon Accounting System Technical Report No. 44

November 2003

Australian Greenhouse Officeii

Printed in Australia for the Australian Greenhouse Office© Australian Government 2003

This work is copyright. It may be reproduced in whole or part for study or trainingpurposes subject to the inclusion of an acknowledgement of the source and nocommercial usage or sale results. Reproduction for purposes other than those listedabove requires the written permission of the Communications Team, AustralianGreenhouse Office. Requests and enquiries concerning reproduction and rights shouldbe addressed to the Communications Team, Australian Greenhouse Office,GPO Box 621, CANBERRA ACT 2601.

For additional copies of this document please contact the Australian Greenhouse OfficePublications Hotline on 1300 130 606.

For further information please contact the National Carbon Accounting System athttp://www.greenhouse.gov.au/ncas/

Neither the Australian Government nor the Consultants responsible for undertakingthis project accepts liability for the accuracy of or inferences from the materialcontained in this publication, or for any action as a result of any person’s or group’sinterpretations, deductions, conclusions or actions in reliance on this material.

November 2003

Environment Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication

Spatial estimates of biomass in `mature’ native vegetation / John Raison *[et al.]

p. cm.

(National Carbon Accounting System technical report; no. 44)

ISSN: 1442 6838

1. Plant biomass-Australia-Measurement. 2. Vegetation mapping-Australia. I. Raison,John. II. Australian Greenhouse Office. III. Series.

577.3*0994-dc21333.9539*0994-dc21

National Carbon Accounting System Technical Report iii

TABLE OF CONTENTSPage No.

Summary iv

Background 1

1. Synthesis of Published Data 2

2. Unpublished Forest Data from South-East Australia 32

2.1 General comment: 32

2.2 Comment on AGO criteria: 32

2.2.1 Maturity of the vegetation and changes due to disturbance 32

2.2.2 Accuracy of spatial location 32

2.2.3 Size of the area sampled (plot versus stand) and representativeness of local conditions(~1 ha for stand level) 32

2.2.4 Biomass divided into above – and below-ground components 32

3. Woodland Data from Queensland 41

3.1 Materials and Methods 41

3.1.1 Permanent monitoring plots 41

3.1.2 Site representativeness 41

3.1.3 Representativeness of the climate history 42

3.1.4 Stand structure 42

3.1.5 Tree basal area 42

3.1.6 Live above-ground biomass 43

3.1.7 Above-ground biomass of standing dead trees 43

3.1.8 Estimation of the biomass of trees dead at the initial recording 44

4. Shrubland, Woodland and Forest Data from Western Australia 48

LIST OF TABLESTable 1. Fraction of total plant biomass below-ground, fb, for Australian vegetation types

(n = 20) from a range of literature studies. Dominant species were identified by theauthors of each study. Data are grouped into vegetation classes based on the AUSLIGvegetation classification scheme. 4

Table 2. Approximate standard errors as a percentage of the mean (coefficient of variance, CV)for 17 of the 45 studies in the VAST data set, which reported a measure of uncertainty.‘Prediction’ error refers to the standard error of the prediction of the least-squares linear regression by authors (allometric equation) and ‘between plot’ error refers to standarderrors reported by authors for between plot variance. 5

Australian Greenhouse Officeiv

SUMMARY

About 200 biomass estimates for native vegetationare provided for contrasting locations throughoutAustralia based upon published and unpublishedinformation. Discussion is provided in relation to‘maturity’ of the vegetation (i.e. change due to priordisturbance), accuracy of spatial location, and thesize of the area sampled (plot versus stand) andhence likely representativeness of local conditions.Much of the data do not meet the strict criteriaspecified by the Australian Greenhouse Office(AGO) in relation to these factors, and thus the datashould be evaluated very carefully prior to their useto calibrate the modelled continental productivitysurface produced by the AGO.

We recommend that additional robust verificationdata (derived from multiple inventory plots overseveral hectares) for a range of vegetation typesalong the biomass gradient, be collected to confirmthe reliability of the calibration.

National Carbon Accounting System Technical Report 1

BACKGROUND

The biomass data contained in this report wereassembled at the request of the AustralianGreenhouse Office (AGO) for the purpose ofcalibrating a modelled continental productivitysurface (Landsberg & Kesteven, 2002).

The criteria for inclusion of data were that:

1. Estimates were for ‘mature’ (or nearly mature)native vegetation;

2. Estimates were accurately spatially referenced(preferably by GPS) to +_ 200 m;

3. Estimates were at the stand level (~1 ha) ifpossible;

4. An estimate of total biomass, split into above-and below-ground components was available;and

5. A wide range of forest types andproductivities were represented.

It was often not possible to meet all these criteria,but an evaluation (discussion) in relation to thecriteria was provided for each data set.

Four major sources of data were identified asrelevant to the project that could be rapidlysummarised. Time constraints did not make itfeasible to generate new biomass estimates (e.g. by applying inventory data to existingallometric equations); but this is a cost-effectiveoption for the future to fill identified gaps in existing data. The data sources were:

1. Synthesis of published information.

Much work had already been done (Barrett2001, Barrett et al. 2001) to evaluate existinginformation. A relevant sub-set of publisheddata was assembled by Dr Damian Barrett of CSIRO.

2. Unpublished forest data from

South-East Australia.

Data were assembled for about 40 sites in sub-alpine eucalypt forest, and for Eucalyptus

obliqua forest by Dr Heather Keith of CSIRO.

3. Woodland data from Queensland.

Data were assembled for a wide range ofwoodland sites in central Queensland by Dr Bill Burrows from the QueenslandDepartment of Primary Industries.

4. Shrubland, woodland and forest data

from Western Australia (WA).

About 30 unpublished biomass estimates,mostly for shrubland and woodlandvegetation in WA, were assembled by Dr Pauline Grierson of the University of WA.

Section 1 provides a synthesis of the compiledinformation. The data tables and associateddiscussion follow in Sections 2-4 of this report.

REFERENCESBarrett, D.J. 2001. NPP Multi-Biome:VAST Calibration Data 1965-98.[http://www.daac.ornl.gov/]

Barrett, D.J. Galbally, I.E. and Graetz, R.D. 2001.Quantifying uncertainty in estimates of C emissionsfrom above-ground biomass due to historic land-usechange to cropping in Australia. Global Change

Biology, 7, 883-902, 2001.

Landsberg, J. and Kesteven, J. 2002. Spatialestimation of plant productivity. In Richards, G.P.

2002 (Editor) Biomass estimation: Approaches for

assessment of stocks and stock change. AustralianGreenhouse Office. NCAS Technical Report 27.Chapter 2. 140pp

Australian Greenhouse Office2

1. SYNTHESIS OF PUBLISHED DATA

Data were sourced from the VAST dataset (Barrett2001) with compilation methods described in Barrettet al. (2001). Note the present version of the dataset ismodified from that of Barrett et al. (2001) (it includesmore data points and some data points not used inthe earlier analysis are included here). The originalpurpose for developing the VAST data set was togenerate a representative sample of observations overas much of the climatic domain of the continent aspossible for developing model parameterization anduncertainty methods. The VAST dataset is not acomprehensive compilation of data, which wouldduplicate work being conducted elsewhere.Consequently, predictions made from modelparameterizations using these data are likely to beunbiased but the prediction standard errors will begreater than if larger more comprehensive samplesets are used.

Quality control in the data set included stipulationthat measurements had undergone scientific peerreview prior to publication. The full VAST data setcomprised above-ground fine tissue Net PrimaryProductivity (NPP), above-ground fine and coarsetissue biomass, fine tissue littermass, soil carbon (C)concentration profiles, and soil bulk density profiles.A total of 45 published papers are included in thebiomass data set provided for this report and a fullreference list of these studies is provided below.

Georeferencing of point observations used thelatitude and longitude provided by authors or,where absent, were obtained from an identifiabletopographic feature described in the study andlocatable on 1:1,000,000 or 1:2,500,000 scaleAustralian Survey and Land Information Group(AUSLIG) maps. In studies where authors presentedan age sequence of biomass, the oldest sites wereused where possible because it was reasonable toassume that these sites were less disturbed thanyounger sites. Measurements were averaged forthose studies where multiple sites were described byauthors but listed under a single latitude and

longitude. Various techniques were used by authors to sample biomass, which included directharvesting, application of existing or new allometricequations, or visual methods made on a single date.Branch biomass and lignotuber (where present) wereincluded with the stem component. In only a veryfew studies were data on below-ground biomassavailable (Table 1). These measures were stratified by AUSLIG vegetation classes (Growth Form ofTallest Stratum x Foliage Projected Cover) andexpressed as the ratio of below-ground to totalbiomass, fb.

Biomass data provided for this report were takenfrom the published literature ‘as is’ i.e. no expansionfactors have been applied to stem + branch mass.This is because above-ground biomass included bothfine and coarse tissues of the over- and under-storeywhere provided by authors. Where no-data arepresented in the accompanying tables it indicatesthat only one biomass pool (either fine or coarse)was reported in the original study.

It is important to note that the data published in the scientific literature were collected for purposesother than estimating potential above-groundbiomass. Therefore, not all details are provided fordetermining the level of disturbance or the coverageover all C-pools. In addition, the information in eachpublication must be interpreted which may itselfintroduce errors. Other interpretations may thereforegenerate different biomass values from the presentdata set (which is part of the total uncertainty ofbiomass prediction).

To establish whether biomass met the criteria of‘minimal disturbance’, two indicators were used.First, details on disturbance, fire history orharvesting were noted from papers where provided(see detailed notes below), and secondly, theauthor’s description of overstorey vegetationstructure and species composition was comparedwith the AUSLIG digital Atlas of Australian Pre-European Vegetation (1770) at the same location.Where the vegetation classification matched betweenthe contemporary study and the historical data set it


was assumed that the vegetation type remainedconstant during this century. Thus, biomass dataused here refer to a maximum potential biomass inthe absence of major disturbance.

The total area sampled in each study was calculatedby multiplying the individual area of each plot bythe number of plots sampled. The total area sampledranged from 0.00006 ha for quadrat sampling inherbaceous communities up to 17 ha in Tall Forests of south-east and south-west Australia. In one forest,the whole 33.2 ha was sampled by a random ‘point-quadrant’ method. The reliability of biomassmeasurements made by the authors of each studyshould be regarded as high given that each studywas peer reviewed prior to publication. Reliabilitythat all above-ground biomass pools were includedis lower given that these studies didn’t necessarilyset out to achieve this aim. The reliability of latitudeand longitude are probably reasonable given that itis likely authors obtained these from topographicmaps in most cases (although in two cases theprovided coordinates were obviously a typographicerror in the published paper). The precision of each location was 1 minute latitude and longitudebecause authors never specified locations to anygreater accuracy. This means that the locationsprovided by authors can only be accurate to within~2 km at best. In two cases latitude and longitudewere given to nearest 0.1o yielding a precision ofonly ~11 km. Where a location description wasprovided by authors, the precision varied from ~1 km up to 20 km.

The reporting of standard errors in different studiesneed to be interpreted with some care. Somestandard errors referred to the error associated withpredictions of biomass from allometric equations.Other reporting of standard errors referred tovariation within a forest (i.e. between forest plots).Of the 45 papers available, 17 presented somemeasure of an error in estimated mean biomass. The coefficient of variance, CV (ratio of standarderror to the mean) ranged between 10 and 44%(Table 2). As a measure of landscape heterogeneity,

this is the measure of uncertainty in which we areinterested. It is a measure of total variance in theestimated biomass. Note, that the predictionstandard error of allometric equations will be lessthan the total variance. The range of CV reported inTable 2 is consistent with a minimum CV of ~25%suggested by Barrett et al. (2001) to be the practicalminimum uncertainty achievable for large scalebiomass estimation studies given financial andlogistical constraints on sampling.

REFERENCESBarrett, D.J. 2001, NPP Multi-Biome: VAST Calibration Data, 1965-1998. Available on-line[http://www.daac.ornl.gov/] from Oak RidgeNational Laboratory Distributed Active ArchiveCenter, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A, 2001.

Barrett, D.J., Galbally, I.E., and Graetz, R.D. 2002,Quantifying uncertainty in estimates of C emissionsfrom above-ground biomass due to historic land-usechange to cropping in Australia, Global Change

Biology, 7, 883-902, 2001.


Table 1. Fraction of total plant biomass below-ground, f b, for Australian vegetation types ( n = 20) from arange of literature studies. Dominant species were identified by the authors of each study. Data aregrouped into vegetation classes based on the AUSLIG vegetation classification scheme.

oLatitude oLongitude Dominant species fb Author Year

Tall and Medium forests (T3, T4, M4)

37.43 145.58 Eucalyptus regnans 0.08 Feller 1980

37.43 145.58 E. obliqua / E. dives 0.11 Feller 1980

34.45 116.03 E. diversicolor 0.04 Grove and Malajczuk 1985

33.55 150.37 E. maculata forest 0.15 Ash and Helman 1990

Mean 0.10

Medium and Low forests (M1, M2, M3, L3, L4)

27.28 149.75 Brigalow 0.26 Moore et al. 1967

27.70 153.45 E. signata / E.umbra 0.42 Westman and Rogers 1977

25.47 153.07 E. pilularis 0.42 Applegate 1989

33.82 151.15 Avicennia marina 0.54 Briggs 1977

35.36 148.80 E. pauciflora / E. dives 0.19 Keith et al. 1997

Mean 0.37

Low shrubs (arid and semi-arid) (L1, L2, Z1)

26.42 146.22 Eremophila gilesii 0.25 Burrows 1972

31.90 141.45 Atriplex vesicaria 0.29 Charley and Cowling 1968

23.55 133.60 Eragrostis eriopoda / Acacia aneura 0.57 Ross 1977

Mean 0.37

Tall shrubs (S1, S2, S3, Z2, Z3)

38.13 145.13 Leptospermum myrsinoides / Banksia marginata 0.86 Jones 1968

38.13 145.13 Leptospermum myrsinoides / Banksia marginata 0.88 Jones 1968

33.96 151.22 Banksia/Leptospermum / Acacia/Lepidosperma 0.62 Maggs and Pearson 1977a

35.87 140.45 Banksia, Casuarina, Xanthorrhoea, Melaleuca 0.76 Specht et al. 1958

38.87 146.40 Banksia coastal heath 0.84 Groves 1965

39.033 146.32 Leptospermum myrsinoides / Casuarina pusilla 0.66 Groves and Specht 1965

38.87 146.40 Leptospermum myrsinoides / Xanthorrhoea australis 0.50 Groves and Specht 1965

29.87 115.25 Banksia sclerophyllous scrub 0.69 Low and Lamont 1990

Mean 0.73

Grasses, Sedges and Other Herbaceous (H,G,F)

30.58 153.00 Coastal Spinifex 0.86 Maze and Whalley* 1990

35.28 149.12 Phalaris / Sub-clover pasture 0.74 D. Barrett unpub. data

* K.M. Maze and R.D.B. Whalley (1990).Aust. J. Ecol. 15, 145-153.


Table 2. Approximate standard errors as a percentage of the mean (coefficient of variance, CV) for 17 ofthe 45 studies in the VAST data set, which reported a measure of uncertainty. ‘Prediction’ error refers tothe standard error of the prediction of the least-squares linear regression by authors (allometric equation) and ‘between plot’ error refers to standard errors reported by authors for between plot variance.

Approximate coefficient of variance, CV (%) Comment

Ref No. Prediction (allometric eqn.) between plot other

6 25-30

16 24

23 1

28 18

29 10-44

46 21

51 16

59 3-9 Based on stem circumference measurement

64 15-34

66 21-27

98 18

102 30

107 3-9 Based on weighing all harvested biomass

127 1-2 Based on root biomass measurement

128 20-30

140 SED of means between treatment

192 14-22

Sources for published studies used to construct dataset

Ref No. Reference

6 Cook G.D. & Andrew, M.H. (1991) Australian Journal of Ecology 16, 375-384.

7 Scanlan, J.C. (1991) Australian Journal of Ecology 16, 521-529.

10 Turner, J., Lambert, M.J. & Kelly, J. (1989) Annals of Botany 63, 635-642.

16 Turner, J., Lambert, M.J. & Holmes, G. (1992) Forest Ecology and Management 55, 135-148.

21 Baker, T.G. & Attiwill, P.M. (1985) Forest Ecology and Management 13, 41-52.

23 Attiwill, P. (1979) Australian Journal of Botany 27, 439-458.

28 Ash, J. & Helman, C. (1990) Cunninghamia 2, 167-182.

29 Turner, J. & Lambert, M.J. (1983) Forest Ecology and Management 6, 155-168.

31 Turner, J. & Lambert, M.J. (1986) Oecologia 70, 140-148.

33 Moore, A.W., Russell, J.S. & Coaldrake, J.E. (1967) Australian Journal of Botany 15, 11-24.

34 Specht, R.L., Rayson, P. & Jackman, M.E. (1958) Australian Journal of Botany 6, 59-88.

35 Specht, R. (1966) Australian Journal of Botany 14, 361-371.

36 Burrows, W.H. (1972) Australian Journal of Botany 20, 317-329.

37 Charley, J.L. & Cowling, S.W. (1968) Proceedings of the Ecological Society of Australia 3, 28-38.


Sources for published studies used to construct dataset continued

Ref No. Reference

38 Westman, W. & Rogers, R. (1977) Australian Journal of Botany 25, 171-191.

41 Hingston, F., Dimmock, G. & Turton, A. (1980) Forest Ecology and Management 3, 183-207.

44 Ashton, D.H. (1976) Journal of Ecology 64, 171-186.

46 Feller, M. (1980) Australian Journal of Ecology 5, 309-333.

51 Bradstock, R. (1981) Australian Forest Research 11, 111-127.

59 Pressland, A.J. (1975) Australian Journal of Botany 23, 965-976.

60 Noble, I.R. (1977) Australian Journal of Botany 25, 639-653.,

61 Stewart, H., Flinn, D. & Aeberli, B. (1979) Australian Journal of Botany 27, 725-740.

64 Applegate, G.B. (1989) Australian Forestry 52, 195-196.

66 Grove, T. & Malajczuk, N. (1985) Forest Ecology and Management 11, 59-74.

72 Rixon, A.J. (1969) In ‘The Biology of Atriplex’ (Ed. R. Jones) CSIRO Divn. Plant Industry, 128 p.

84 Bridge, B.J., Mott, J.J. & Hartigan, R.J. (1983) Australian Journal of Soil Research, 21, 91-104.

98 Harrington, G. (1979) Australian Journal of Botany 27, 135-143.

102 Low, A. & Lamont, B. (1990) Australian Journal of Botany 38, 351-359.

104 Friedel, M. (1981) Australian Journal of Botany 29, 219-231.

107 Jones, R. (1968) Australian Journal of Botany 16, 589-602.

115 Turner, J. (1980) Australian Forest Research 10, 289-294.

122 Andrew, M.H. & Lange, R.T. (1986) Australian Journal of Ecology. 11, 395-409.

126 Ross, M.A. (1977) Australian Journal of Ecology 2, 257-268.

127 Briggs, S.V. (1977) Australian Journal of Ecology 2, 369-373.

128 Ive, J.R. (1976) Australian Journal of Ecology 1, 185-196.

131 Robertson, G. (1988) Australian Journal of Ecology 13, 519-528.

138 Crane, W.J.B. & Raison, R.J. (1980) Australian Forestry 43, 253-260.

140 Keith, H., Raison, R.J. & Jacobsen, K.L. (1997) Plant and Soil 196, 81-99.

143 Walker, B.H. & Langridge, J.L. (1997) Journal of Biogeography 24, 813-825.

147 Maggs, J. & Pearson, C. (1977) Oecologia 31, 239-250.

154 Leigh, J.H. & Mulham, W.E. (1966) Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture and Animal Husbandry 6, 460-467.

159 Roshier, D.A. & Nicol, H.I. (1998) Rangelands Journal 20, 3-25.

167 Groves, R.H. (1965) Australian Journal of Botany 13, 281-289.

168 Groves, R.H. & Specht, R.L. (1965) Australian Journal of Botany 13, 261-280.

192 Burrows, W.H., Hoffmann, M.B., Compton, J.F., Back, P.V. & Tait, L.J. (2000) Australian Journal of Botany, 48, 707-714.


Detailed notes on published papers used to generatethe VAST Biomass dataset: ‘Ref’ relates to thereference number in the above list of publishedpapers.

Ref. Notes:No.

6 Understorey of Tallgrass Savanna includinggrasses, shrubs, forbs and litter (Sorghum

intrans dominant). No soil details provided.Biomass reported in Table refers to ‘unburnt’site only. Latitude and longitude publishedto nearest minute (‘Thorak’ site). 3 x 0.25 m2

quadrats measured by clipping, bulking,drying at 80oC and weighing sub-samples.Sampled 1979/1980. No root biomass. No standard errors given for biomass (standard errors of nitrogen measurementsvaried between CV = ~25 – 30%; Figure 1 of paper).

7 Acacia harpophyla woodland community from2 years old to mature trees. Duplex soil withsandy-clay loam surface (Db1.13). Vegetationpreviously cleared at different times. Biomassapplies to ‘mature’ vegetation only [datasourced from Moore et al. (1967); Ref No. 33].Latitude and longitude published to nearestminute. Biomass determined on 50 x 2 mplot. Biomass sampled 1982 on 29 treesselected across a range of sizes. Above-ground biomass harvested, separated intotrunks, branches, leaves, and bark, ovendried and weighed and allometric equationsdeveloped. Allometric equations applied tomeasurements of basal circumference andheight for all trees on plot. No root biomass.No errors reported.

10 Subtropical rainforest in northern New SouthWales (NSW). Soils were deep basalts redclay loam with clay sub-soils (Clay >50% in surface and 70-90% in subsoils).Measurements made on ‘undisturbed’ forestplots. Latitude and longitude published tonearest minute. Plots were 0.36 ha in

diameter. Understorey biomass measuredusing 10 x 1 m2 quadrats. Eight overstoreytrees sampled to establish allometricrelationships. All understorey vegetation <2 m harvested. On two other plots,diameter measured on all trees and massestimated using allometric equations. Masswas estimated on plots in three years: 1965,1973 and 1981 (reported in the Table). Noroot biomass. No errors reported.

16 Dry sclerophyll forest of indeterminate butprobably mixed age dominated by Eucalyptussieberi with Acacia understorey. Soils are redand yellow podzolics. The authors reportedfire disturbance in 1980, which was severe inother catchments but which disturbed onlyfine litter in the study catchment (no treemortality). Latitude and longitude notpublished but taken as middle of YambullaState Forest from AUSLIG maps. Two stagesampling of trees occurred: 1000 m2 circularplot in which all trees were measured,diameter at breast height (DBHOB) and(DBH) then 2000 m2 circular plot on whichall trees >40 cm were measured DBHOB.Five ‘Strata’ sampled each with 1 to 5 ‘plots’in the State Forest. Biomass reported in Tableas mean over all strata. Mass estimated 1981.Allometric equations developed elsewhere(Turner et al. 1992; Forest CommissionResearch Paper) were used to predict mass. Understorey biomass estimated byallometric equations measured on adjacent vegetation. Standard deviation of overstorey + understorey vegetation was53.8 + 18.79 tDW ha-1 (CV = 24%). No rootbiomass.

21 Vegetation is Eucalyptus obliqua forest of age between 70 and 90 years. Soils weredescribed as ‘clay-loam’ and ‘loam’. Two E. obliqua sites were measured nearupper and lower end of productivity for the Gippsland area. Latitude and longitudegiven to nearest minute. Sample plots were


0.1 ha. Allometric equations of Attiwill (1962;Aust. J Bot. 28, 199-222) used to estimate themass of the ‘average’ trees in 5 or 6 classeson each plot. No understorey componentmeasured. Plot descriptions were done in1980 (Table 1 of paper). No date given formeasurements. No root biomass. No error given.

23 ‘Open eucalypt (Eucalyptus obliqua) forestwith well developed understorey’, Victoria.Soils are highly weathered red-brown friableclay loams uniform to 1 m. Biomass in Tableapplies to 66 year old forest. Latitude andlongitude not supplied but given in anotherstudy to nearest minute. All measurementswere made on a 0.1 ha square plot in eachstand (Polglase et al. 1992 Plant and Soil, 142, 167 – 176). Allometric relationshipsestablished previously (Attiwill, 1962; Aust.

J Bot. 28, 199-222) with a further 10 treesfelled for this study. Allometric relationshipswere applied to measurements of DBHOB.Overstorey components only weremeasured. No standard errors given for 66 year old (y.o.) forest. For 50 y.o. forest,reported biomass was 298 tDM ha-1 withstandard error of 2 (CV = 1%); althoughAttiwill cautioned on using these precisionestimates as they apply only to theregression models not the plot and they were developed for a different location at adifferent time. Allometric measurementswere made in 1962 and 66 year old DBHOBmeasurements were made in 1977. No rootbiomass.

28 Vegetation comprises both eucalyptsclerophyll forest and subtropical rainforest.Soils are grey leached sands overlying ayellow-grey B horizon of high clay contenton weathered sandstone. Forest has beenselectively logged since 1880s with anintense period between 1910 and 1926.Latitude and longitude given to nearest

minute. Measurements were made in 1981and 1984. ‘Point-centred quarter surveymethod’ was used where points are locatedrandomly throughout the forest and nearesttrees >5 cm DBH in each compass quadrantare measured. Forest area sampled 33.2 ha.Allometric relationships were determined for fallen trees in and around the catchmentusing separate wood density estimates. Root biomass of uprooted trees was alsodetermined. Thirty 0.1 m2 pits 40 to 90 cmdeep were excavated and root biomass <5 cm measured in each. Standard errors for biomass density are given for eucalypts,rainforest trees, shrubs and herbs (CV ~ 18%).

29 Tall wet sclerophyll forests dominated byflooded gum (Eucalyptus grandis). Soils are‘moderate to high fertility’. Forest wasdestroyed by fire in 1951 and replanted to E. grandis in 1962. Forests 27 years old.Approximate location only given in CoffsHarbour Forestry Region. Destructivesampling conducted in 1978 on adjacentplots to establish allometric equations.Biomass measured on plots using DBHOB. No root biomass measurements. Plot areasnot given. No errors given for biomass(standard errors of nitrogen measurementsare between CV = 10 and 44%).

31 Tall eucalypt forests of mixed speciescomposition (dominant species E. seiberi,

E. muellerana, E. obliqua, E. consideniana,

E. agglomerata). Soils are red-yellowpodzolics with poor structure and lownutrient status, rooting depths from 40 to 100 cm. Forest has been logged for sawlogand pulpwood and regenerates from existingseed bed. Stands selected for measurementwere ‘fully stocked to represent an upperlevel of accumulation’ of biomass. Unknowndate of measurements. Approximate locationonly in ‘Eden Forestry Region’ south-east


NSW. Biomass was estimated for trees onplots using existing allometric equations forthe area. Plots of unknown size. No rootbiomass measurements. No standard errorsgiven for biomass.

33 Monospecific stand of Acacia harpophyla

(Brigalow) woodland. Soils are gilgaied deep clays. Drought conditions prevailed at time of measurement; consequently nounderstorey was present. No comment ondisturbance; however, a photograph depicted‘virgin Brigalow forest on gilgai soil’.Latitude and longitude given to nearestminute. Sampling was carried out between1964 and 1965. Above-ground biomass wasestimated by felling trees on 10 x 0.04 haplots and fresh weights determined. Plotbiomass was calculated by sub-samplingplant tissues for dry weight measurements.Root material was sampled from 1 squareyard quadrats (0.84 m2) randomly placed onthe same plot. Roots were sampled using soilcores and soil blocks. No errors given forbiomass.

34 Heath community in south-east SouthAustralia dominated by Banksia, Casuarina,

Xanthorrhoea, Eucalyptus, Melaleuca andLeptospermum. Soils are sand as described in Ref No. 35 below. Heath vegetation isregularly disturbed by fire; biomass valuesare for a 25 year old stand where biomassdynamics have approximated steady state.No date given for measurements. Locationgiven by latitude and longitude from otherpapers to an accuracy of 1 minute. Biomassestimated using six randomly placed 5 x 10yard quadrats (~42 m2) and all above-groundmaterial harvested dried and weighed.Quadrat size was increased in somemeasurements to better represent vegetation.Root biomass reported but no details givenas to methods. No errors given for biomass.

35 Heath community as described in Ref No. 34above. Soils are sandy comprising between29 and 55% coarse sand component in 0 – 10 cm layer. Fire had completely removedvegetation in 1954 and the study reports onbiomass 12 years after fire. Latitude andlongitude given in other papers to 1 minuteaccuracy. Six quadrats of 5 yards square and all above-ground material harvested,weighed and subsampled. Subsamples were dried and back-estimates of total dryweight were made. No date given formeasurements, but it was assumed to be1966. No root biomass measurements weremade. No errors of biomass.

36 Monospecific Eremophila gilesii xeric shrubcommunity. Soil is a lateritic red earthcontaining ~40% coarse sand and ~15% clay.Plots on which measurements were madewere fenced to exclude grazing animals.Final harvest was made in 1971. Latitudeand longitude given to 1 minute accuracy.Plot area was 30 x 30 m. Harvests of above-ground material were made, plant materialdried and weighed. Root biomass estimatedby applying root:shoot ratios developed byBurrows (1971) MSc Thesis, Univ. Qld. No errors given.

37 Xeric saltbush (Atriplex vesicaria) community.Soil is deep and fine-textured. The case studyapplies to ‘a stable’ saltbush community by which is interpreted to be minimallydisturbed. Location in Broken Hill area butassumed to be Fowlers Gap with latitudeand longitude obtained from AUSLIG maps.No sampling details are provided other thanthat root biomass was excavated to 45 cmdepth. It was assumed cut quadrats andoven drying methods were used. No plotarea specified. No dates of sampling givenother than to state biomass measurementswere made in winter. Root biomassestimated. No errors are given for biomass.


38 Low sclerophyll forest to 15 m on StradbrokeIsland, Queensland (Eucalyptus, Tristania,

Angophora, and Banksia) with a welldeveloped understorey of herbs, grasses andforbs. No details of disturbance are given but field site part of a long term study ofproduction and nutrient cycling. Forestsgrow on a sand dune substrate of very lownutrient status. Latitude and longitude werepublished to nearest minute; althoughlongitude is in error. A correction was madebased on the longitude of Stradbroke Is. Plotarea was 0.25 ha (50 x 50 m) and establishedin 1973. Biomass censused on the plot byharvesting 31 study trees and excavatingroot systems. Sub-sampling was used todetermine dry weight of tree material.Understorey biomass determined byharvesting ten 1 x 1 m quadrats, drying andweighing material. Allometric equationswere developed from the mass of treecomponents. No standard errors reported.

41 Dry sclerophyll eucalypt forest (Eucalyptus

marginata and E. calophylla) with understoreytrees, shrubs and herbs (Banksia, Persoonia,

Macrozamia, Xanthorrhoea, Hakea and Acacia).The site was logged before 1920, thinned in1963 and subject to hazard reduction burnson 5 to 7 year intervals. Latitude andlongitude obtained from Figure 1 ofpublication. Soils are lateritic sandy gravelsoften containing large amounts of gravel and low nutrients. Measurements were made on a single 0.36 ha plot in 1977. Ten representative trees of each overstoreyspecies were felled and measured for above-ground biomass. Allometric equations wereused to estimate total above-ground biomassin trees from measurements of DBHOB.Understorey trees, shrubs and plants >1.5 mhigh were also sampled to generateallometric equations and biomass estimatedby measurement of DBH. Ground-cover

plants were harvested from 48 x 1 m2

quadrats. No standard error given. No rootbiomass given.

44 Two examples of sclerophyll forest weresampled at the one location; wet sclerophyllforest (dominated by E. regnans) withunderstorey of small trees (Acacia) andshrubs; dry Sclerophyll forest (E. sieberi andE. obliqua) with more open understorey. Soils in wet sclerophyll forest are coarselytextured brown loams to 60 cm depthgrading to red-brown clay loams to 1.6 mthen weathered clays to 5.5 m. Soil in the drysclerophyll forests are fine structured brownto dark-grey-brown soil up to 25 – 75 cmgrading to yellowish brown compact clayloams to 1.5 – 2.2 m overlaying weatheredclays to <3.0 m. Forest was severely burnt in1939 fires and the dry sclerophyll forestshave been repeatedly burnt in the meantime(although it is interpreted that thesedisturbed sites were avoided in biomassestimation). Geographic description of thelocation given, from which latitude andlongitude were obtained from AUSLIGtopographic map. Forest was 27 years old attime of sampling (in 1967). A representativeset of trees was felled and subsamplescollected for dry mass determination andallometric equations were generated. Forestbiomass was estimated over an undisclosedarea using measurements of DBHOB andallometric equations. Understorey biomasswas cut from ‘several’ 10 x 10 m quadrats.Root mass (interpreted as fine root mass)was estimated from 20 soil blocks, 25 x 25 cm in area and 12.5 cm deep. No standard errors reported.

46 Two forest plots were sampled at the onelocation. Vegetation was wet and drysclerophyll tall forests in Victoria. The wetsclerophyll forest was dominated by E. regnans

with and understorey of Acacia and shrubs.


The dry sclerophyll forest was dominated byE. obliqua and E. dives with an Acacia andshrub understorey. Plots were burnt in the 1939 bushfires but not burnt since.Measurements were done in 1978 (Forest was 39 years old). Latitude and longitudegiven to nearest minute. Allometricequations were developed for 6 E. regnans, 5 Acacias, 6 E. obliqua and 5 E. dives trees overa wide range of sizes. Subsamples weretaken from each component for dry massdetermination. Stand level biomass densityestimates were made by measuring diameterand height of all trees on a 20 x 20 m plotwithin each forest type. Understorey biomasswas calculated by sampling above-groundbiomass in five 2 x 2 m plots per forest type and subsamples taken for dry massdetermination. Root biomass was sampledfrom 3 x 1 m2 plots per forest type at twodepths 0 – 20 and 20 – 50 cm. Standard errorsof predicted biomass were calculated fromallometric equations. It was assumed thatplot level standard errors were estimated bymultiplying tree level standard errors ofpredicted biomass by number of trees (see Table 4 of paper). CV of above-groundbiomass was 21% and for roots CV was 22%.

51 Vegetation type is a 27 year old Eucalyptus

grandis plantation near Coffs Harbour NSW,planted from tube-stock immediately after awildfire with no site preparation. Soils werederived from ‘Lower Permian sediments’.Location was given as ‘Boyds Deviation’ 8 km from coast in Coffs Harbour ForestryRegion and an approximate latitude andlongitude were derived from AUSLIG andNSW State Forest maps. It was assumed thatmeasurements were made in 1978. Biomasswas estimated by developing allometricequations for representative range of trees onsubsidiary forest plots (of 20 x 20 m) adjacentto a main undisturbed plot (of 20 m widthand a length which enclosed ~100 trees in the

plantation) on which DBHOB measurementswere made on all trees. Felled trees weresubsampled for dry mass determination.Mean values and standard deviations wereestimated from data on all three plots.Standard deviations for above-ground treebiomass are supplied (CV = 16%). No rootbiomass was given.

59 Mulga (Acacia aneura) vegetation of south-western Queensland. No soils informationwas available. Allometric relationships weredeveloped for representative trees from arange of sizes at 8 sites in the Charlevilledistrict, Queensland. Three of these sitescould be located on AUSLIG maps to obtainlatitude and longitude. It appeared thatmeasurements were made in 1972 and 1975.No information was available on disturbancealthough only ‘healthy trees with no brokenmain branches were used’ in an ‘open forestsituation’. 33 trees were felled, subsampledand dry mass determined. Root biomass wasestimated using 20 soil cores 3.6 cm diameterand 120 cm deep in concentric circles up to4.0 m from the tree bole. Roots were washedfrom soil and dry mass determined. Treedensities were determined for all sites and amean circumference reported. Biomass wasestimated using mean forest circumferenceand allometric equations. Standard errors ofmean tree circumference were between 3 and9% of the mean. No area estimates weregiven over which measurements were made.

60 Vegetation is an arid saltbush and chenopodshrubland and mixed grassland of centralnorth South Australia (SA) dominated byAtriplex vesicaria and Maireana sedifolia. No soils data supplied. Study site located on TGB Osborne Vegetation Reserve atKoonamore, SA on which sheep and rabbitswere fenced out since 1925. Latitude andlongitude were given to nearest minute.Photographic records from fixed photo-


points were begun in 1926 and conducted at3 month intervals until 1931. Since 1950photographs have been taken at irregularintervals. Final record was 1972 in the study.Photographs were used to develop a rankingof biomass dynamics of vegetation. Biomasscalibration of the photographs was achievedby developing correlation coefficients withleaf dry weights of more than 50 bushes eachfor the two major shrub species. A maximumbiomass (‘carrying capacity’) of theshrubland over the 46 years of record wasused as the maximum biomass of the site.No root biomass was recorded. No standarderrors are given.

61 Vegetation is an uneven-aged sclerophyllforest up to 40 m high dominated byEucalyptus agglomerata, E. muellerana, and E. sieberi. Understorey consists of trees,shrubs and herbs (Acacia, Casuarina, Banksia,and other shrubs). Soils are duplex with ahard-setting loamy surface over mottledyellow clay subsoils ranging in depth from50 cm to 200 cm. Latitude and longitude aresupplied to nearest minute. Measurementswere made in 1976. Age of forest notsupplied. Natural fires caused by lightningand fuel control burns have left fire scars on trees. The DBHOB of all trees on 17 x 0.1 ha plots was measured and then 31 trees were selected from a range of species and size classes. Trees were felledsubsampled, dry mass determined andallometric equations were developed.Equations were applied to all other trees to determine plot biomass. Understoreyvegetation was measured by harvestingvegetation in 15 x 0.04 ha plots. No rootbiomass sampled. No standard errors aregiven.

64 Vegetation is blackbutt forests on FraserIsland Qld (Eucalyptus pilularis) growing onnutrient poor siliceous sands. No further soil

details are given. Measurements are from anold growth forest of about 500 years age.Location was described as ‘Deep’ on FraserIs. No plot area was given. No year ofmeasurement available. Above and below-ground biomass was estimated by a ‘harvesttechnique’ which appeared to comprisefelling trees, excavating roots and weighingplant parts. Mean biomass and standarderror as a percentage of the mean is given(Trees: 34%, Understorey: 15%). Noallometric equations were available.

66 Tall open forest of WA dominated byEucalyptus diversicolor with denseunderstorey. Soils are described by soilgroup as ‘Red Earth’. Location given as ‘BigBrook Forest’ 6 km north-west of Pemberton,WA (latitude and longitude obtained fromAUSLIG maps). Forests are managed forsawlog and pulp production. Stand was 36 years old with last control burn 9 yearsprior to measurement. Overstorey wasmeasured 3 years prior by Hingston et al.(1979) (Ref No. 41) which makes year ofmeasurement in present study 1980. On younger sites (4, 8 and 11 years old) 11 individual trees across the range of sizeswere harvested for dry mass determinationsand allometric relationships developedbetween mass and DBHOB. Fine rootbiomass was measured in a previous study.Plots for overstorey biomass determinationwere 50 x 50 m. Understorey biomass wasmeasured on ten plots each 2 x 2 m bydeveloping allometric equations for smalltrees and shrubs. Standard errors areavailable for understorey biomass estimation(CV~21–27%) and for overstoreycomponents in younger forests.

72 Vegetation is arid saltbush communitydominated by Atriplex vesicaria and Kochiaaphylla, intermixed with annual grasses andperennial herbs. No soils description isprovided. Location is given by description


of study site in Ref No. 154 and latitude andlongitude determined from AUSLIG maps.Biomass was sampled in 1969. Plant materialwas harvested and a mean of five replicatesis presented. No plot area given. Biomassdensity determined as weighted average ofbeneath and between vegetation clumpsbased on Figure 1 of paper and assumptionthat figure is to scale. No root biomass. No standard errors available.

84 Vegetation is open woodland dominated by Eucalyptus foelscheana with a grassunderstorey. Soil was described as‘representative of the widespread Tipperafamily of the Katherine-Darwin area’. Soilrespiration measurement was the primaryaim of the study but root biomass wasmeasured at the completion of respirationmeasurements on soil cores removed fromthe site. Latitude and longitude werepublished to nearest 0.1o. Root biomass only was reported for ‘natural grassland’ (i.e. unburnt). No above-ground data wereavailable. Measurements were made in 1979.Biomass was sampled in a 7 x 7 m plotwithin three 30 x 30 m sites free ofovergrazing effects within an area of‘protected natural grassland’. No standarderrors were available.

98 Vegetation was poplar box open woodland ofcentral-west NSW (Eucalyptus populnea) withextensive shrub understorey comprisingEremophila, Cassia, Myoporum and Acacia. No soils information supplied; althoughreference is made to Moore et al. (1970) in‘Australian Grasslands’ for general soil-shrubassociations. Latitude and longitudesupplied by authors to nearest 1 minute. Noyear of measurement supplied. Overstoreyallometric equations were developed frommeasured DBH and harvesting of above-ground biomass on 20 trees. Shrub allometricequations were developed using DBH

measurements and felling shrubs at groundlevel and weighing plant parts. Biomassestimates were made from 85 quadrats eachof 40 x 50 m from application of allometricequations to DBH measurements. Standarderrors are supplied based on regressionequations applied to sample plots (an overallCV of 18% is quoted as accuracy of predictedbiomass based on the regression equations.The author states that between-plot errorshave been ignored because they ‘woulddominate the final estimation of biomass perhectare’. Hence the true error would belarger than 18%). No root biomass available.

102 Overstorey vegetation was a sclerophyllousscrub-heath in south-west WA dominated byBanksia with a shrub and herb understorey.Soils were deep freely drained sands to atleast 10m depth. Vegetation was disturbed 12 years prior to measurement by fire butnot since. Sampling was conducted in 1984.Latitude and longitude supplied to nearestminute. Biomass was harvested from six 4 x 2 m plots located randomly in the Banksia

stand separated into tissues, dried and massdetermined. Roots were excavated from oneplot at 15 cm intervals to 180 cm depth andthen bulked from 180 to 250 cm. Other rootmass measurements were made by backhoe.Standard deviations are given for above-ground biomass (CV ~30%). Root mass wasreported for one plot only (no standarderrors).

104 Three vegetation communities weresampled; Astrebla grasslands, Openwoodlands and Acacia shrublands. Datacollected pertain to understorey only. Soilsare red, coarse-structured clays. Latitude and longitude supplied to nearest minute. Sitewas enclosed in 1976 to reduce grazingpressure (data reported in Table refer to‘excellent’ range condition class only).Samples were collected at 10 week intervals


between 1976 and 1977. The site area was 100 x 100 and samples were obtained fromeight 4 x 0.25 m quadrats. No root biomass.No standard errors.

107 Vegetation is a sclerophyllous heathdominated by Leptospermum, Casuarina andBanksia with a secondary layer of shrubs.Soils are described as deep sands of very lowfertility. The stand had been burnt in 1960and final measurements were made in 1966(biomass values appeared to fluctuatearound a constant mean by 4.5 years ofgrowth). Latitude and longitude to nearestminute was supplied by Specht and Jones(1971; Aust. J. Bot, 19, 311 – 326). Biomasswas sampled using 12 x 1 m2 quadratsrandomly placed at the site. All biomass washarvested from within the vertical projectionof each quadrat and dry mass determined. A range of standard errors for total above-ground biomass of 3 – 9% of mean valuewere supplied. No details of below-groundharvesting are supplied but root biomassvalues are given.

115 Vegetation overstorey is a sclerophyll forest dominated by Eucalyptus radiata and E. dalrympleana and an Acacia dominatedunderstorey. Soils are described as ‘red,permeable soils derived from Ordoviciangranite’. Latitude and longitude are suppliedto nearest 0.1o. The forest was cleared in 1927and plots were located in areas of naturallyregenerated forest. The adjacent Douglas-firforest was 50 years old (assume same age asnaturally regenerated eucalypt forest). This would make the year of measurement1977. Tree biomass was determined usingpreviously established allometric equations.Tree DBH was measured for all trees on 6 x 20 m circular plots. No root dataavailable. No standard errors available.

122 Vegetation is arid chenopod shrubland inmid-north SA dominated by Acacia aneura

overstorey, Atriplex vesicaria and Maireana

sedifolia shrubs and various grasses. Soils are a brown calcareous earth containingcarbonate nodules at about 20 cm depth.(Vegetation and soil descriptions given inAndrew and Lange (1986) Aust. J. Ecol. 11,395 – 409.) Latitude and longitude providedto nearest minute. Measurements were madein 1975, 1976 and 1977. The site was in ‘nearpristine condition’ at the commencement of the study and grazing animals wereexcluded by fencing. Shrub biomass wasestimated by the ‘Adelaide Technique’; avisual method of rapidly estimating biomass.Biomass was estimated in 6 plots of 30 x 1.5 m area. Biomass reported in theTable represents average biomass over 15 months of shrubs and grass for the fenced(ungrazed) plots obtained from Figure 2 and Figure 7 of the paper. No standarderrors were supplied by authors. No rootbiomass was supplied.

126 Arid grassland community in centralAustralia dominated by the perennial grassEragrostis eriopoda. Soil was a gradationalred-earth and sandy loam surface. Latitudeand longitude were supplied to nearestminute. Five fixed quadrats 2 x 2 m in areawas established in grass communities.Biomass was estimated by a non-destructivevisual method using regressions of clippedweights against visual weights to calibratethe technique. On additional plots, soil cores 5 cm in diameter to 50 cm depth were takenand roots washed from soil. No details ofpasture condition were provided butbiomass fluctuated about a constant meanfor last 12 months of the study (from whichbiomass was obtained). Latitude andlongitude were supplied to nearest minute.Above-ground measurements were madebetween 1973 and 1975 and root biomass


measurements between 1974 and 1975(biomass reported in Table refers to 12 monthperiod 1974 – 1975). No standard errorsgiven for individual biomass measurements.

127 Vegetation was a temperate mangrovecommunity dominated by Avicennia marina.No soil information provided. Latitude and longitude supplied to nearest minute. No disturbance information provided. Two 30 x 30 m plots were marked off.Measurements were made in 1972. Above-ground tree biomass on plots was estimatedfor trunks only from estimated volume(radius and height measurements) andmeasured woody density. Seedling biomassfrom harvesting selected seedlings in a 50 x 50 cm quadrat dried and weighed. Drymass was calculated by multiplying mass per seedling by seedling abundance. Below-ground mass was determined from five soilcores 8 cm diameter and 40 cm deep. Rootswere washed and dried. Biomass reported in Table is mean of the 2 sites. Standard errorsare supplied for measured root biomass only(~1 – 3% of mean).

128 A Townsville Stylo perennial pasture system.Soils were a ‘Tippera’ clay loam. Latitudeand longitude were supplied to nearestminute. Site was cleared in 1951, croppeduntil 1967 when it was converted to pastureand grazed. Phosphate fertilizer had been applied at variable rates for 20 years prior toexperiment. Measurements were made in1971. Three plots were used 10 x 10 m inarea. Vegetation was harvested in one 0.5 x 0.5 m quadrat in each plot, subsampled,dried and weighed. No root biomass wassupplied. Standard errors are supplied ongraphs of biomass dynamics. Biomassreported in Table was taken from finalbiomass measurements in 1971.

131 Vegetation is pasture in an arid grazingsystem dominated by black box (Eucalyptus

largiflorens) and chenopod shrubs. Soils are amix of heavy-textured grey clay soils andlight-textured red sand soils. Site is locatedinside the Kinchega National Park andfenced since 1967 to exclude grazinganimals. Latitude and longitude areprovided to nearest minute. Measurementswere made between 1980 and 1984. Three0.25 m2 circular plots were positioned atrandom within each site. Photographicstandards were generated for plots of knownbiomass and plot biomass was estimatedvisually as it changed over time. A linearmodel of pasture biomass as a function ofprevious 12 months rainfall was developed.The biomass reported in Table is the pasturebiomass from the linear model at meanannual rainfall. No standard errors wereprovided although the residual standarddeviation of the linear model was provided.No root biomass was provided.

138 Vegetation was two almost pure stands ofEucalyptus delegatensis tall forest. Soils weredeep red-earths. Two sites were studied 49and 25 years old, but only the older forestwas used to obtain data used in Table 1.Location provided from which latitude andlongitude was obtained from AUSLIG maps.No year of measurement was supplied butmust be pre-1980. Five 0.1 ha plots werelocated randomly in the 49 y.o. forest andDBHOB of all trees was measured. Threetrees of ‘about the mean cross-sectional area’were felled and sampled for wood density.Plot biomass was estimated from woodvolume and wood density. The paper reportson dry matter of wood and bark in stemonly. No standard errors were provided. No root mass was provided.


140 Vegetation was a mature stand of Eucalyptus

pauciflora in the Brindabella Range, nearCanberra. Soil details provided in Keith et al.

(1997; Plant and Soil, 190, 127 – 141). Thestand regenerated naturally from wildfire in 1939 which killed most of the overstorey.The site was last burnt by a fuel reductionburn in 1980. Measurements were made in1993–1994. Plots were 0.04 ha in size andreplicated three times. Biomass data reportedin Table refer to unfertilized plots. Thelocation of the field site was described andlatitude and longitude obtained fromAUSLIG maps. Allometric equations wereestablished from 12 harvested trees and 18 fallen branches and foliage biomassestimated by adding up branch units.Diameter measurements of all trees on each plot were combined with allometricequations to estimate above-ground biomass.Root biomass was estimated from existingliterature sources for root allometricequations and measurements of above-ground biomass. Standard errors ofdifference of means between unfertilized and fertilized plots are reported.

143 Vegetation data obtained for a diverse range of sites located throughout savannawoodlands of Australia ranging fromMitchell Grasslands, semi-arid mulgasavannah to semi-arid woodlands. Soils atthese sites range from cracking clays throughduplex to sandy loams. Of the 21 sitesavailable 9 were selected based on opinion of the authors that these were lowdisturbance sites. Latitude and longitudewere obtained from AUSLIG maps based on location details provided by authors. No year of measurement was provided.Biomass was obtained from measurementson 50 x 50 m plots of height and diameterusing existing allometric equations. No rootbiomass was provided. No standard errors

were supplied; although 95% confidenceintervals of regression models for leafbiomass are provided.

147 Vegetation is a dry sclerophyll scrub systemdominated by Banksia. No soil descriptionswere provided other than to state thatvegetation was growing on ‘windblownnorth-south sand ridges’. Latitude andlongitude were derived from AUSLIG mapsbased on details provided in the paper.Vegetation is situated inside a golf courseand (based on leaf whorl scars of the Banksia)was 28 years old. The shorter vegetation was13 years old but most plots were located inthe tall, older scrub. Measurements weremade in 1975 and 1976. Overstorey biomasswas determined by estimating volume ofstem components and converting this tobiomass using a constant wood density.Understorey vegetation biomass washarvested from 8 x 1 m2 quadrats. Below-ground biomass was estimated by sievingsoil from eight 50 x 75 x 70 cm deep pits. All biomass was oven dried and weighed.No standard errors are provided.

154 Vegetation is an arid saltbush plantcommunity dominated by Atriplex. Soildetails are not provided. The site had beensubjected to normal grazing practice, and it was representative of surrounding area.Location details were provided and latitude and longitude obtained from AUSLIG maps. The experimental plot was 5 acres (~2 ha) inarea. Measurements were made in 1962, 1963and 1964. Biomass was estimated using avisual technique comprising three observersand calibrated using harvested biomass from20 x 1 m2 quadrats. In the experimental plot,50 quadrats were sampled for biomassdetermination. No root biomass wasprovided. No standard errors were provided.


159 Vegetation was arid chenopod shrublanddominated by Atriplex and Maireana in thefar west of NSW. Soils were desert loams orbrown gibbers. The study was performedbetween 1990 and 1993 in which a severedrought occurred from 1991 until 1992 whenrains restored biomass maximal levelsobserved over the three year study. Latitudeand longitude were provided to nearestminute. The study was conducted over fiveproperties, two paddocks per property andsix sites per paddock. Each site comprisedfour permanent 4 x 4 m plots on whichpasture measurements were made. Themethod used to estimate pasture biomasswas the ‘comparative yield technique’calibrated against three quadrats ofharvested biomass. Biomass measures wereobtained from 180 x 0.56 m2 quadrats in eachpaddock measured four times per year.Biomass values used in the Table weremeasured in 1992 after drought breaking rain and comprised an average over fiveproperties and two paddocks per property.No standard errors were provided forbiomass dynamics in the paper. No rootbiomass was provided.

167 Heath vegetation dominated by Banksia,Victoria. Soils are described as sandy.Vegetation was 5 years old and was selectedto be as uniform as possible. Latitude andlongitude were obtained from other studiesby the authors. Measurements were made on 6 x 18 m2 quadrats per harvest. Allvegetation was cut and weighed. Subsamplesdried and weighed. Two soil cores (4.2 cmdiameter and 27 cm depth) were taken ineach quadrat, roots were wet sieved and dryweight determined. Harvests for biomasswere made on six occasions between 1962and 1963. Biomass reported in Table is theaverage over six harvests for unfertilizedcontrol plots. No standard errors wereprovided.

168 Heath vegetation on sandy soils of lownutrient status at three sites (two in Victoriaand one in SA). Time dynamics of biomasspresented from which upper limits wereobtained (i.e. approximate steady statevalues). A location diagram was providedfrom which latitude and longitude wasdetermined using AUSLIG maps. No year ofmeasurement was provided. Above-groundbiomass was harvested from quadrats ofvarious sizes (required because of differencesin vegetation structure) from ~ 1 m2 up to 50 m2. Numbers of quadrats ranged from 6 to 20. Biomass was immediately weighedafter harvesting, sub-sampled and dryweights determined. Soil coring wasperformed on the same quadrats as above(4.2 cm in diameter and up to 150 cm depth)and roots were wet sieved prior to dryweight determinations. No standard errorswere provided.

192 Vegetation was semi-arid woodlandsthroughout Queensland dominated byEucalyptus crebra, E. melanophloia and E. populnea. No soils information wasprovided for sites in the paper. All sites usedin developing allometric equations were‘intact woodlands’ defined as sites notsubject to mechanical or chemical treeclearing for 30 years prior to sampling. Latitude and longitude were provided by theauthors to nearest minute. Permanent sitesconsist of 5 x 100m long transects. Plotscomprise the 100 m transect and are 4 mwide. Allometric equations were developedfor ‘average trees with respect to vigour andfoliage cover for a particular size class’. Siteswere last measured between 1983 and 1998(see Table). Between 20 and 22 stems werefelled in each woodland type adjacent topermanent sites. Plant tissues were sorted,weighed, sub-sampled and dry weightsdetermined. Root biomass was estimated byexcavating lignotubers and also by soil


coring (4.35 cm diameter to 100 cm depth).Allometric equations were applied to aselection of permanent plots deemed notdisturbed in last 30 years. Componentbiomass values for sites were obtained fromauthors and, as reported in the Table,lignotuber data were grouped with stemmass and root data comprise only fine roots.Standard errors are given in the paper for all biomass components and total biomass(CV between ~14 and 22%).


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Subt

ropi

cal r

ainf

ores

t. Gn

4.4

-28.

5015

3.00

385.

0419

81Tr

ees

harv

este

d,

0.36

ha,

plo

tRe

f No.

10

Tur

ner,

Lam

bert

Basa

lt re

d cl

ay-lo

am

allo

met

ric e

quat

ions

and

Kelly

, Ann

als

of

surfa

ce s

oils

with

cla

y de

velo

ped

and

Bota

ny, 1

989

sub-

soils

.ap

plie

d to

fore

st p

lots

. Un

ders

tore

y cl

ippe

d qu

adra

ts.

Euca

lypt

us o

bliq

uafo

rest

. Dy

3.41

-38.

3314

6.25

328.

00Un

know

nPr

evio

usly

dev

elop

ed0.

2 ha

, plo

tRe

f No.

21

Bak

er a

nd A

ttiw

ill,

Clay

-loam

and

loam

soi

ls.

allo

met

ric e

quat

ions

Fo

rest

Eco

logy

and

ap

plie

d.M

anag

emen

t, 19

85

Euca

lypt

us o

bliq

uafo

rest

Gn

4.14

-37.

4314

5.13

374.

5019

77Pr

evio

usly

dev

elop

ed

0.1

ha, p

lot

Ref N

o. 2

3 A

ttiw

ill, A

ustra

lian

with

wel

l dev

elop

ed

allo

met

ric e

quat

ions

Jo

urna

l of B

otan

y, 19

79un

ders

tore

y. Hi

ghly

ap

plie

d.w

eath

ered

bro

wn

friab

le

clay

-loam

s un

iform

to 1

m.

Tall

wet

scl

erop

hyll

fore

st

Dr2.

21-3

0.20

153.

1343

6.06

1978

Tree

s ha

rves

ted,

Un

know

nRe

f No.

29

Tur

ner a

nd L

ambe

rt,

(Euc

alyp

tus

gran

dis)

on

allo

met

ric e

quat

ions

Fo

rest

Eco

logy

and

‘m

oder

ate

to h

igh

ferti

lity’

de

velo

ped

and

appl

ied

Man

agem

ent,

1983

soils

.to

fore

st p

lots

.


Site

Desc

riptio

n So

il Ty

pe*

Loca

tion

Loca

tion

Abov

e-

Belo

w-

Year

whe

n M

etho

d of

Cal

cula

tion

Area

Est

imat

eRo

ot:s

hoot

Data

sou

rce

Relia

bilit

yCo

mm

ents

(veg

etat

ion,

soi

l)(L

atitu

de)

(Lon

gitu

de)

grou

ndgr

ound

biom

ass

(Allo

met

ric, e

xpan

sion

and

Basi

s(~

R/S)

(Ref

No.

, (A

GO

Biom

ass

Biom

ass

estim

ated

fact

or e

tc)

(ha,

plo

ts e

tc)

unpu

blis

hed)

Crite

ria)

(t/ha

, (t/

ha,

varia

nce)

varia

nce)

Tall

euca

lypt

fore

st o

f mix

ed

Dr2.

21-3

7.00

149.

5043

5.50

Unkn

own

Prev

ious

ly d

evel

oped

Un

know

nRe

f No.

31

Tur

ner a

ndsp

ecie

s. S

oils

are

red-

yello

w

allo

met

ric e

quat

ions

La

mbe

rt, O

ecol

ogia

, 198

6po

dzol

ics

with

poo

r stru

ctur

e ap

plie

d.

and

low

nut

rient

sta

tus.

Wet

scl

erop

hyll

fore

st

Gn4.

14-3

7.42

145.

1383

1.10

1967

Tree

s ha

rves

ted,

Un

know

nRe

f No.

44

Ash

ton,

Jou

rnal

(Euc

alyp

tus

regn

ans)

al

lom

etric

equ

atio

ns

of E

colo

gy, 1

976

with

shr

ub u

nder

stor

ey.

deve

lope

d an

d Co

arse

text

ured

bro

wn

loam

s ap

plie

d to

fore

st p

lots

.to

60

cm g

radi

ng to

red-

br

own

clay

loam

s to

1.6

m.

Dry

scle

roph

yll f

ores

t Gn

4.14

-37.

4214

5.13

928.

5019

67Tr

ees

harv

este

d,

Unkn

own

Ref N

o. 4

4 A

shto

n, J

ourn

al

(Euc

alyp

tus

sieb

eria

nd

allo

met

ric e

quat

ions

of

Eco

logy

, 197

6E.

obl

iqua

). Fi

ne s

truct

ured

de

velo

ped

and

brow

n to

dar

k-gr

ey c

lays

, ap

plie

d to

fore

st p

lots

.gr

adin

g to

yel

low

-bro

wn

clay

s to

1.5

- 2.

2 m

.

Wet

scl

erop

hyll

fore

st

Dy3.

4-3

7.43

145.

5865

4.30

63.2

019

78Tr

ees

harv

este

d,

0.08

ha,

plo

t0.

09Re

f No.

46

Fel

ler,

(Euc

alyp

tus

regn

ans)

with

al

lom

etric

equ

atio

ns

Aust

ralia

n Jo

urna

l of

shru

b un

ders

tore

y. W

ell

deve

lope

d an

d ap

plie

d Ec

olog

y, 19

80st

ruct

ured

dar

k-br

own

to fo

rest

plo

ts.

soil

grad

ing

to y

ello

w-

Unde

rsto

rey

clip

ped

brow

n cl

ays

at d

epth

.qu

adra

ts.

Dry

scle

roph

yll f

ores

t Dy

3.4

-37.

4314

5.58

373.

4045

.40

1978

Tree

s ha

rves

ted,

0.

08 h

a, p

lot

0.11

Ref N

o. 4

6 F

elle

r, (E

ucal

yptu

s ob

liqua

and

allo

met

ric e

quat

ions

Au

stra

lian

Jour

nal o

f E.

div

es).

Soils

wer

e w

ell

deve

lope

d an

d ap

plie

d Ec

olog

y, 19

80st

ruct

ured

with

gre

y

to fo

rest

plo

ts.

surfa

ce g

radi

ng to

ora

nge-

Un

ders

tore

y cl

ippe

d br

own

clay

s at

dep

th.

quad

rats

.

Plan

tatio

n fo

rest

(Euc

alyp

tus

Dy3.

41-3

0.42

153.

0043

6.06

1978

Tree

s ha

rves

ted,

Un

know

nRe

f No.

51

Bra

dsto

ck,

gran

dis)

. Soi

ls w

ere

deriv

ed

allo

met

ric e

quat

ions

Au

stra

lian

Fore

st

form

Low

er P

erm

ian

deve

lope

d an

d ap

plie

d Re

sear

ch, 1

981

sedi

men

ts.

to fo

rest

plo

ts.


Unev

en-a

ged

scle

roph

yll

Dr2.

21-3

7.42

149.

5532

7.30

1976

Tree

s ha

rves

ted,

1.

7 ha

, plo

tRe

f No.

61

Ste

war

t, Fl

inn

fore

st (E

ucaly

ptus

agg

lom

erat

a,al

lom

etric

equ

atio

ns

and

Aebe

rli, A

ustra

lian

E. m

uelle

rana

, E. s

iebe

ri)

deve

lope

d an

d Jo

urna

l of B

otan

y, 19

79w

ith d

evel

oped

und

erst

orey

ap

plie

d to

fore

st

on D

uple

x so

ils o

f loa

ms

on

plot

s. U

nder

stor

ey

mot

tled

yello

w c

lays

).cl

ippe

d qu

adra

ts.

Tall

open

scl

erop

hyll

fore

st

Dy3.

62-3

4.45

116.

0324

9.59

10.5

219

80Tr

ees

harv

este

d,

0.25

ha,

plo

t0.

04Re

f No.

66

Gro

ve a

nd

(Euc

alyp

tus

dive

rsic

olor

) with

al

lom

etric

equ

atio

ns

Mal

ajcz

uk ,

Fore

st E

colo

gy

dens

e un

ders

tore

y. ‘R

ed E

arth

’ de

velo

ped

and

and

Man

agem

ent,

soils

.ap

plie

d to

fore

st p

lots

. 19

85a

& b

Unde

rsto

rey

clip

ped

quad

rats

.

Sem

i-arid

woo

dlan

ds

Ug5.

1-2

2.98

150.

2718

4.74

1997

Tree

s ha

rves

ted,

1

ha, p

lot

Ref N

o. 1

92 B

urro

ws,

(E

ucal

yptu

s cr

ebra

). (1

997)

.al

lom

etric

equ

atio

ns

Hoffm

ann,

Com

pton

, No

soi

ls in

form

atio

n de

velo

ped

and

appl

ied

Back

and

Tai

t, pr

ovid

ed.

to w

oodl

and

plot

s.Au

stra

lian

Jour

nal

of B

otan

y, 20

00

Sem

i-arid

woo

dlan

ds

Gn3.

12-2

3.07

150.

2015

8.24

1992

Deve

lope

d al

lom

etric

1

ha, p

lot

Ref N

o. 1

92 B

urro

ws,

(E

ucal

yptu

s cr

ebra

). (1

992)

. eq

uatio

ns a

pplie

d Ho

ffman

n, C

ompt

on,

No s

oils

info

rmat

ion

to w

oodl

and

plot

s.Ba

ck a

nd T

ait,

prov

ided

.Au

stra

lian

Jour

nal

of B

otan

y, 20

00

Sem

i-arid

woo

dlan

ds

Ug5.

2-2

2.45

148.

7299

.70

1994

Deve

lope

d al

lom

etric

1

ha, p

lot

Ref N

o. 1

92 B

urro

ws,

(E

ucal

yptu

s po

puln

ea).

equa

tions

app

lied

Hoffm

ann,

Com

pton

, (1

994)

. No

soils

to

woo

dlan

d pl

ots.

Back

and

Tai

t, in

form

atio

n pr

ovid

ed.

Aust

ralia

n Jo

urna

l of

Bot

any,

2000

Tallg

rass

Sav

anna

. No

soils

Dy

3.43

-12.

6713

2.92

3.10

1980

Clip

ped

quad

rats

.0.

0075

ha,

Re

f No.

6 C

ook

and

Andr

ew,

deta

ils p

rovi

ded.

quad

rat

Aust

ralia

n Jo

urna

l of E

colo

gy,

1991

Tallg

rass

Sav

anna

. No

soils

Dy

3.43

-12.

6713

2.92

3.00

1980

Clip

ped

quad

rats

.0.

0075

ha,

Re

f No.

6 C

ook

and

Andr

ew,

deta

ils p

rovi

ded.

quad

rat

Aust

ralia

n Jo

urna

l of E

colo

gy,

1991

Acac

iaha

rpop

hylla

Ug5.

2-2

4.50

149.

8011

8.80

1982

Tree

s ha

rves

ted,

0.

01 h

a, p

lot

Ref N

o. 7

Sca

nlan

, w

oodl

and.

Dup

lex

soil

with

al

lom

etric

equ

atio

ns

Aust

ralia

n Jo

urna

l sa

ndy

clay

-loam

sur

face

de

velo

ped

and

appl

ied

of E

colo

gy, 1

991

laye

r.to

fore

st p

lots

.


Site

Desc

riptio

n So

il Ty

pe*

Loca

tion

Loca

tion

Abov

e-

Belo

w-

Year

whe

n M

etho

d of

Cal

cula

tion

Area

Est

imat

eRo

ot:s

hoot

Data

sou

rce

Relia

bilit

yCo

mm

ents

(veg

etat

ion,

soi

l)(L

atitu

de)

(Lon

gitu

de)

grou

ndgr

ound

biom

ass

(Allo

met

ric, e

xpan

sion

and

Basi

s(~

R/S)

(Ref

No.

, (A

GO

Biom

ass

Biom

ass

estim

ated

fact

or e

tc)

(ha,

plo

ts e

tc)

unpu

blis

hed)

Crite

ria)

(t/ha

, (t/

ha,

varia

nce)

varia

nce)

Euca

lypt

and

sub

tropi

cal

Gn2.

74-3

3.55

150.

3750

0.75

91.8

019

81 &

Al

lom

etric

equ

atio

ns

33.2

ha,

0.

15Re

f No.

28

Ash

and

ra

info

rest

. Soi

ls a

re g

rey

1984

deve

lope

d fro

m

poin

t-He

lman

, Cun

ning

ham

ia,

leac

hed

sand

s ov

erly

ing

a fa

llen

trees

in

sam

plin

g19

90ye

llow

-gre

y cl

ay B

hor

izon.

adja

cent

fore

st.

Woo

dlan

d (A

caci

aGn

2.12

-27.

2814

9.75

118.

8040

.70

1964

/196

5Bi

omas

s ha

rves

ted

0.4

ha, p

lot

0.26

Ref N

o. 3

3 M

oore

, Rus

sell

harp

ophy

lla) o

n gi

lgai

ed

on p

lots

.an

d Co

aldr

ake,

cl

ay s

oils

.Au

stra

lian

Jour

nal o

f Bo

tany

, 196

7

Xeric

shr

ub c

omm

unity

Uc

1.2

-26.

4214

6.22

0.78

1971

Biom

ass

harv

este

d 0.

09 h

a, p

lot

Ref N

o. 3

6 B

urro

ws,

(E

rem

ophi

la g

ilesi

i) on

on

plo

ts.

Aust

ralia

nla

terit

ic re

d ea

rth s

oils

.Jo

urna

l of B

otan

y, 19

72

Xeric

shr

ub c

omm

unity

Um

5.41

-31.

9014

1.45

0.91

Unkn

own

Clip

ped

quad

rats

.Un

know

nRe

f No.

37

Cha

rley

and

(Atri

plex

ves

icar

ia).

Soils

Co

wlin

g, P

roce

edin

gs o

f ar

e de

ep a

nd fi

ne te

xtur

ed.

the

Ecol

ogic

al S

ocie

ty o

f Au

stra

lia, 1

968

Low

scl

erop

hyll

fore

st

Uc1.

21-2

7.70

153.

4510

3.63

76.4

919

73Bi

omas

s ha

rves

ted

0.02

5 ha

, plo

t0.

42Re

f No.

38

Wes

tman

and

(E

ucal

yptu

s) w

ith a

wel

l on

plo

ts.

Roge

rs, A

ustra

lian

Jour

nal

deve

lope

d un

ders

tore

y of

of

Bot

any,

1977

shru

bs, g

rass

es a

nd h

erbs

. Sa

ndy

soils

.

Dry

scle

roph

yll f

ores

t KS

-Uc4

.2-3

2.67

116.

0826

6.20

1977

Tree

s ha

rves

ted,

0.

36 h

a, p

lot

Ref N

o. 4

1 H

ings

ton,

(E

ucal

yptu

s m

argi

nata

allo

met

ric e

quat

ions

Di

mm

ock

and

Turto

n,

and

E. c

alop

hylla

) with

de

velo

ped

and

Fore

st E

colo

gy a

nd

unde

rsto

rey

of s

hrub

s an

d ap

plie

d to

fore

st

Man

agem

ent,

1980

/81

herb

s. S

oils

are

late

ritic

pl

ots.

sand

y gr

avel

s.

Mul

ga v

eget

atio

n in

sou

th-

Gn2.

12-2

6.68

146.

1748

.37

1972

/Bi

omas

s ha

rves

ted

Unkn

own

Ref N

o. 5

9 P

ress

land

, w

est Q

ueen

slan

d (A

caci

a19

75on

plo

ts.

Aust

ralia

n Jo

urna

l of

aneu

ra).

No s

oils

info

rmat

ion

Bota

ny, 1

975

prov

ided

.

Mul

ga v

eget

atio

n in

sou

th-

Dr1.

33-2

6.33

146.

2746

.64

1972

/Bi

omas

s ha

rves

ted

Unkn

own

Ref N

o. 5

9 P

ress

land

, w

est Q

ueen

slan

d (A

caci

a19

75on

plo

ts.

Aust

ralia

n Jo

urna

l of

aneu

ra).

No s

oils

info

rmat

ion

Bota

ny, 1

975

prov

ided

.


Mul

ga v

eget

atio

n in

sou

th-

Ug5.

2-2

6.38

146.

2541

.89

1972

/Bi

omas

s ha

rves

ted.

Unkn

own

Ref N

o. 5

9 P

ress

land

, w

est Q

ueen

slan

d (A

caci

a19

75Au

stra

lian

Jour

nal o

f an

eura

). No

soi

ls in

form

atio

n on

plo

ts.

Bota

ny, 1

975

prov

ided

.

Arid

sal

tbus

h an

d ch

enop

od

Um5.

11-3

2.12

139.

371.

3419

72Vi

sual

met

hod

usin

g Un

know

n,Re

f No.

60

Nob

le ,

shru

blan

d (A

tripl

ex v

esic

aria

phot

o-po

ints

po

int-s

ampl

ing

Aust

ralia

n Jo

urna

l of

and

Mai

rean

a se

difo

lia).

No

calib

rate

d by

clip

ped

Bota

ny, 1

977

soils

info

rmat

ion

prov

ided

.qu

adra

ts.

Scler

ophy

ll fo

rest

on

Fras

er Is

.Uc

1.21

-25.

4715

3.07

267.

4019

3.00

Unkn

own

Biom

ass

harv

este

d Un

know

n0.

42Re

f No.

64

App

lega

te,

(Euc

alyp

tus

pilu

laris

) gro

win

g on

plo

ts.

Aust

ralia

n Fo

rest

ry,

on n

utrie

nt p

oor s

ilice

ous

1989

sand

s.

Arid

sal

tbus

h sh

rubl

and

Ug5.

2-3

5.03

144.

973.

5419

69Cl

ippe

d qu

adra

ts.

Unkn

own

Ref N

o. 7

2 R

ixon

, In

(Atri

plex

ves

icar

iaan

d ‘T

he B

iolo

gy o

f Atri

plex

’, Ko

chia

aph

ylla

), gr

asse

s 19

69an

d he

rbs.

No

soils

in

form

atio

n pr

ovid

ed.

Open

woo

dlan

d (E

ucal

yptu

sGn

2.12

-14.

6013

2.20

19.6

019

79So

il co

res

and

0.01

47 h

a,

Ref N

o. 8

4 B

ridge

, Mot

t fo

elsc

hean

a) w

ith g

rass

ro

ot e

xtra

ctio

n.pl

otan

d Ha

rtiga

n, A

ustra

lian

unde

rsto

rey.

Soils

Jo

urna

l of S

oil R

esea

rch,

‘re

pres

enta

tive

of th

e 19

83w

ides

prea

d Ti

pper

a fa

mily

of

the

Kath

erin

e-Da

rwin

ar

ea’.

Open

woo

dlan

d (E

ucal

yptu

sGn

2.13

-30.

9214

6.50

54.7

2Un

know

nAl

lom

etric

equ

atio

ns

17 h

a, p

lot

Ref N

o. 9

8 H

arrin

gton

, po

puln

ea) w

ith s

hrub

de

velo

ped

for s

mal

l Au

stra

lian

Jour

nal o

f un

ders

tore

y (E

rem

ophi

la,

trees

and

shr

ubs

and

Bota

ny, 1

979

Cass

ia, M

yopo

rum

& A

caci

a).

appl

ied

to w

oodl

and

No s

oils

info

rmat

ion

supp

lied.

plot

s.

Astre

bla

gras

slan

ds o

n re

d,

Uc5.

21-2

3.70

133.

884.

019

76/

Clip

ped

quad

rats

.0.

0008

ha,

Re

f No.

104

Frie

del P

art I

, co

arse

-stru

ctur

ed c

lays

.19

77qu

adra

tAu

stra

lian

Jour

nal o

f Bo

tany

, 198

1

Open

woo

dlan

d on

red,

Uc

5.21

-23.

7013

3.88

2.6

1976

/Cl

ippe

d qu

adra

ts.

0.00

08 h

a,

Ref N

o. 1

04 F

riede

l Par

t I,

coar

se-s

truct

ured

cla

ys.

1977

quad

rat

Aust

ralia

n Jo

urna

l of

Bota

ny, 1

981

Acac

iash

rubl

ands

on

red,

Uc

5.21

-23.

7013

3.88

1.3

1976

/Cl

ippe

d qu

adra

ts.

0.00

08 h

a,

Ref N

o. 1

04 F

riede

l Par

t I,

coar

se-s

truct

ured

cla

ys.

1977

quad

rat

Aust

ralia

n Jo

urna

l of

Bota

ny, 1

981


Site

Desc

riptio

n So

il Ty

pe*

Loca

tion

Loca

tion

Abov

e-

Belo

w-

Year

whe

n M

etho

d of

Cal

cula

tion

Area

Est

imat

eRo

ot:s

hoot

Data

sou

rce

Relia

bilit

yCo

mm

ents

(veg

etat

ion,

soi

l)(L

atitu

de)

(Lon

gitu

de)

grou

ndgr

ound

biom

ass

(Allo

met

ric, e

xpan

sion

and

Basi

s(~

R/S)

(Ref

No.

, (A

GO

Biom

ass

Biom

ass

estim

ated

fact

or e

tc)

(ha,

plo

ts e

tc)

unpu

blis

hed)

Crite

ria)

(t/ha

, (t/

ha,

varia

nce)

varia

nce)

Scle

roph

yll f

ores

t Gn

2.14

-35.

6014

8.10

133.

6219

77Pr

evio

usly

dev

elop

ed

0.75

4 ha

, Re

f No.

115

Tur

ner,

(Euc

alyp

tus

radi

ata

&

allo

met

ric e

quat

ions

pl

otAu

stra

lian

Fore

st

E. d

alry

mpl

eana

) with

ap

plie

d.Re

sear

ch, 1

980

Acac

iaun

ders

tore

y on

re

d, p

erm

eabl

e so

ils

deriv

ed fr

om O

rdov

icia

n gr

anite

.

Arid

che

nopo

d sh

rubl

and

Gc1.

12-3

2.88

137.

380.

519

75/

Visu

al m

etho

d 0.

027

ha, p

lot

Ref N

o. 1

22 A

ndre

w a

nd

(Aca

cia

aneu

ra, A

tripl

ex

1976

/ca

libra

ted

by c

lippe

d La

nge,

Aus

tralia

n ve

sica

ria&

Mai

rean

a19

77qu

adra

ts.

Jour

nal o

f Eco

logy

, 198

6se

difo

lia).

Soils

are

a b

row

n ca

lcar

eous

earth

con

tain

ing

carb

onat

e no

dule

s at

abo

ut

20 c

m d

epth

.

Arid

che

nopo

d sh

rubl

and

Gc1.

12-3

2.88

137.

380.

519

75/

Visu

al m

etho

d 0.

027

ha,

Ref N

o. 1

22 A

ndre

w a

nd

(Aca

cia

aneu

ra, A

tripl

ex19

76/

calib

rate

d by

clip

ped

plot

Lang

e, A

ustra

lian

vesi

caria

& M

aire

ana

1977

quad

rats

.Jo

urna

l of E

colo

gy, 1

986

sedi

folia

). So

ils a

re a

bro

wn

calc

areo

usea

rth c

onta

inin

g ca

rbon

ate

nodu

les

at a

bout

20

cm

dep

th.

Tem

pera

te m

angr

ove

Dy3.

41-3

3.82

151.

1512

8.50

153.

8019

72Pr

evio

usly

dev

elop

ed0.

18 h

a, p

lot

0.54

Ref N

o. 1

27 B

riggs

, co

mm

unity

(Avi

cenn

ia m

arin

a).

allo

met

ric e

quat

ions

Aust

ralia

n Jo

urna

l No

soi

ls in

form

atio

n pr

ovid

ed.

appl

ied.

of

Eco

logy

, 197

7

Tow

nsvi

lle-S

tylo

per

enni

al

Gn2.

12-1

4.47

132.

322.

019

71Cl

ippe

d qu

adra

ts.

0.03

ha,

plo

tRe

f No.

128

Ive

, pa

stur

e. S

oils

wer

e a

Aust

ralia

n Jo

urna

l ‘T

ippe

ra’ c

lay

loam

.of

Eco

logy

, 197

6

Past

ure

in a

n ar

id g

razin

g Ug

5.2

-32.

4214

2.42

0.4

1980

Vi

sual

met

hod

usin

g0.

0000

6 ha

, Re

f No.

131

Rob

erts

on,

syst

em d

omin

ated

by

& 1

984

phot

o-po

ints

quad

rat

Aust

ralia

n Jo

urna

l Eu

caly

ptus

larg

iflor

ens

and

calib

rate

d by

of

Eco

logy

, 198

8ch

enop

od s

hrub

s. S

oils

are

a

clip

ped

quad

rats

.m

ix o

f hea

vy te

xtur

e gr

ey c

lays

an

d lig

ht te

xtur

ed re

d sa

nds.


Tall

fore

sts

of a

lmos

t pur

e Um

5.51

-35.

4214

8.80

313.

3Un

know

nTr

ee D

BH m

easu

red

0.5

ha, p

lot

Ref N

o. 1

38 C

rane

and

stan

ds o

f Euc

alyp

tus

on p

lots

, the

n a

tree

Rais

on, A

ustra

lian

dele

gate

nsis

on d

eep

of ‘a

bout

mea

nFo

rest

ry’ 1

980

red-

earth

soi

ls.

cros

s se

ctio

n ar

ea’

harv

este

d fo

r dim

ensi

ons

and

dens

ity m

easu

rem

ents

.

Mat

ure

stan

ds o

f Euc

alyp

tus

Um5.

51-3

5.36

148.

8026

1.56

60.4

019

93/

Allo

met

ric e

quat

ions

0.12

ha,

plo

t0.

19Re

f No.

140

Kei

th, R

aiso

npa

ucifl

ora.

Soi

l det

ails

not

19

94de

velo

ped

from

falle

nan

d Ja

cobs

en,

prov

ided

in p

aper

tre

es a

nd a

pplie

d to

fore

st

Plan

t and

Soi

l, 19

97(s

ee n

otes

).pl

ots.

Und

erst

orey

clip

ped

quad

rats

.

Open

Sav

anna

h w

oodl

and,

Gn

2.13

-30.

2814

5.90

2.27

Unkn

own

Prev

ious

ly d

evel

oped

2.25

ha,

plo

tRe

f No.

143

Wal

ker a

nd

Lake

Mer

e. S

andy

Loa

m.

allo

met

ric e

quat

ions

La

ngrid

ge, J

ourn

al o

f ap

plie

d.Bi

ogeo

grap

hy, 1

997

Open

Sav

anna

h w

oodl

and,

Gn

2.12

-26.

4814

6.47

3.61

Unkn

own

Prev

ious

ly d

evel

oped

2.

25 h

a, p

lot

Ref N

o. 1

43 W

alke

r and

Ar

abel

la. S

andy

loam

.al

lom

etric

equ

atio

ns

Lang

ridge

, Jou

rnal

of

appl

ied.

Bi

ogeo

grap

hy, 1

997

Open

Sav

anna

h w

oodl

and,

Ug

5.12

-19.

6714

5.75

29.1

1Un

know

nPr

evio

usly

dev

elop

ed

2.25

ha,

plo

tRe

f No.

143

Wal

ker a

nd

Hilg

rove

. Loa

my

Clay

.al

lom

etric

equ

atio

ns

Lang

ridge

, Jou

rnal

of

appl

ied.

Bi

ogeo

grap

hy, 1

997

Open

Sav

anna

h w

oodl

and,

Dr

2.12

-20.

1814

6.72

11.1

6Un

know

nPr

evio

usly

dev

elop

ed

2.25

ha,

plo

tRe

f No.

143

Wal

ker a

nd

Card

igan

. San

dy lo

am.

allo

met

ric e

quat

ions

La

ngrid

ge, J

ourn

al

appl

ied.

of

Bio

geog

raph

y, 19

97

Open

Sav

anna

h w

oodl

and,

Gn

2.22

-20.

2314

5.87

16.9

7Un

know

nPr

evio

usly

dev

elop

ed2.

25 h

a, p

lot

Ref N

o. 1

43 W

alke

r and

Redl

ands

-red

. Dee

p re

d ea

rth.

allo

met

ric e

quat

ions

La

ngrid

ge, J

ourn

alap

plie

d.

of B

ioge

ogra

phy,

1997

Open

Sav

anna

h w

oodl

and,

Gn

2.22

-20.

2314

5.87

16.6

9Un

know

nPr

evio

usly

dev

elop

ed2.

25 h

a, p

lot

Ref N

o. 1

43 W

alke

r and

Re

dlan

ds-y

ello

w. D

eep

red

allo

met

ric e

quat

ions

Lang

ridge

, Jou

rnal

ea

rth.

appl

ied.

of

Bio

geog

raph

y, 19

97

Open

Sav

anna

h w

oodl

and,

Gn

2.12

-14.

5213

2.27

31.4

6Un

know

nPr

evio

usly

dev

elop

ed

2.25

ha,

plo

tRe

f No.

143

Wal

ker a

nd

Man

bullo

unb

urnt

. San

dy

allo

met

ric e

quat

ions

La

ngrid

ge, J

ourn

al

loam

.ap

plie

d.

of B

ioge

ogra

phy,

1997

Open

Sav

anna

h w

oodl

and,

Gn

2.12

-14.

8013

1.80

44.4

0Un

know

nPr

evio

usly

dev

elop

ed

2.25

ha,

plo

tRe

f No.

143

Wal

ker a

nd

Kath

erin

e. S

andy

loam

.al

lom

etric

equ

atio

ns

Lang

ridge

, Jou

rnal

ap

plie

d.

of B

ioge

ogra

phy,

1997

Open

Sav

anna

h w

oodl

and,

KS

-Uc4

.11

-12.

6713

2.42

57.4

8Un

know

nPr

evio

usly

dev

elop

ed

2.25

ha,

plo

tRe

f No.

143

Wal

ker a

nd

Kapa

lga.

San

dy c

lay

loam

.al

lom

etric

equ

atio

ns

Lang

ridge

, Jou

rnal

ap

plie

d.

of B

ioge

ogra

phy,

1997


Site

Desc

riptio

n So

il Ty

pe*

Loca

tion

Loca

tion

Abov

e-

Belo

w-

Year

whe

n M

etho

d of

Cal

cula

tion

Area

Est

imat

eRo

ot:s

hoot

Data

sou

rce

Relia

bilit

yCo

mm

ents

(veg

etat

ion,

soi

l)(L

atitu

de)

(Lon

gitu

de)

grou

ndgr

ound

biom

ass

(Allo

met

ric, e

xpan

sion

and

Basi

s(~

R/S)

(Ref

No.

, (A

GO

Biom

ass

Biom

ass

estim

ated

fact

or e

tc)

(ha,

plo

ts e

tc)

unpu

blis

hed)

Crite

ria)

(t/ha

, (t/

ha,

varia

nce)

varia

nce)

Arid

sal

tbus

h do

min

ated

by

Ug5.

2-3

5.03

144.

972.

8319

62Vi

sual

met

hod

0.00

2 ha

, Re

f No.

154

Lei

gh a

nd

Atrip

lex

vesi

caria

. No

soils

ca

libra

ted

by

quad

rat

Mul

ham

, Aus

tralia

n in

form

atio

n pr

ovid

ed.

clip

ped

quad

rats

.Jo

urna

l of E

xper

imen

tal

Agric

ultu

re a

nd A

nim

al

Husb

andr

y, 19

66

Arid

sal

tbus

h do

min

ated

by

Ug5.

2-3

5.03

144.

972.

7119

63Vi

sual

met

hod

0.00

2 ha

, Re

f No.

154

Lei

gh a

nd

Atrip

lex

vesi

caria

. No

soils

ca

libra

ted

by

quad

rat

Mul

ham

, Aus

tralia

n in

form

atio

n pr

ovid

ed.

clip

ped

quad

rats

.Jo

urna

l of E

xper

imen

tal

Agric

ultu

re a

nd A

nim

al

Husb

andr

y, 19

66

Arid

sal

tbus

h do

min

ated

by

Ug5.

2-3

5.03

144.

972.

7719

64Vi

sual

met

hod

0.00

2 ha

,Re

f No.

154

Lei

gh a

nd

Atrip

lex

vesi

caria

. No

soils

ca

libra

ted

by

quad

rat

Mul

ham

, Aus

tralia

n in

form

atio

n pr

ovid

ed.

clip

ped

quad

rats

.Jo

urna

l of E

xper

imen

tal

Agric

ultu

re a

nd A

nim

al

Husb

andr

y, 19

66

Arid

che

nopo

d sh

rubl

and

Um5.

41-3

1.90

141.

501.

1019

92Vi

sual

met

hod

0.01

01 h

a,

Ref N

o. 1

59 R

oshi

er

(Atri

plex

vei

scar

ia&

ca

libra

ted

by

quad

rat

and

Nico

l, Ra

ngel

and

Mai

rean

a se

difo

lia).

clip

ped

quad

rats

.Jo

urna

l, 19

98So

ils w

ere

dese

rt lo

ams

or b

row

n gi

bber

s.

Sem

i-arid

woo

dlan

ds

Gn2.

11-2

3.08

149.

3368

.91

1997

Tree

s ha

rves

ted,

1

ha, p

lot

Ref N

o. 1

92 B

urro

ws,

(E

ucal

yptu

s cr

ebra

). (1

997)

. al

lom

etric

equ

atio

ns

Hoffm

ann,

Com

pton

, No

soi

ls in

form

atio

n de

velo

ped

and

appl

ied

Back

and

Tai

t, pr

ovid

ed.

to w

oodl

and

plot

s.Au

stra

lian

Jour

nal o

f Bo

tany

, 200

0

Sem

i-arid

woo

dlan

ds

Um1.

43-2

2.85

147.

3244

.60

1994

Deve

lope

d al

lom

etric

1

ha, p

lot

Ref N

o. 1

92 B

urro

ws,

(E

ucal

yptu

s cr

ebra

). eq

uatio

ns a

pplie

d to

Ho

ffman

n, C

ompt

on,

(199

4). N

o so

ils

woo

dlan

d pl

ots.

Ba

ck a

nd T

ait,

Aust

ralia

nin

form

atio

n pr

ovid

ed.

Jour

nal o

f Bot

any,

2000

Sem

i-arid

woo

dlan

ds

Db1.

13-2

4.95

149.

8078

.64

1992

Deve

lope

d al

lom

etric

1

ha, p

lot

Ref N

o. 1

92 B

urro

ws,

(E

ucal

yptu

s cr

ebra

). eq

uatio

ns a

pplie

d to

Ho

ffman

n, C

ompt

on,

(199

2). N

o so

ils

woo

dlan

d pl

ots.

Ba

ck a

nd T

ait,

Aust

ralia

n in

form

atio

n pr

ovid

ed.

Jour

nal o

f Bot

any,

2000


Sem

i-arid

woo

dlan

ds

Dy3.

42-2

2.57

149.

5318

4.06

1992

Deve

lope

d al

lom

etric

1

ha, p

lot

Ref N

o. 1

92 B

urro

ws,

(Euc

alyp

tus

creb

ra).

equa

tions

app

lied

to

Hoffm

ann,

Com

pton

, (1

992)

. No

soils

w

oodl

and

plot

s.Ba

ck a

nd T

ait,

Aust

ralia

n in

form

atio

n pr

ovid

ed.

Jour

nal o

f Bot

any,

2000

Sem

i-arid

woo

dlan

ds

Uf6.

61-2

3.58

150.

9044

.91

1992

Deve

lope

d al

lom

etric

1 ha

, plo

tRe

f No.

192

Bur

row

s,

(Euc

alyp

tus

creb

ra).

equa

tions

app

lied

to

Hoffm

ann,

Com

pton

, (1

992)

. No

soils

w

oodl

and

plot

s.Ba

ck a

nd T

ait,

Aust

ralia

nin

form

atio

n pr

ovid

ed.

Jour

nal o

f Bot

any,

2000

Sem

i-arid

woo

dlan

ds

Dy2.

43-2

3.82

149.

9098

.42

1992

Deve

lope

d al

lom

etric

1

ha, p

lot

Ref N

o. 1

92 B

urro

ws,

(E

ucal

yptu

s cr

ebra

). eq

uatio

ns a

pplie

d to

Ho

ffman

n, C

ompt

on, B

ack

(199

2). N

o so

ils

woo

dlan

d pl

ots.

and

Tait,

Aus

tralia

n Jo

urna

lin

form

atio

n pr

ovid

ed.

of B

otan

y, 20

00

Sem

i-arid

woo

dlan

ds

Gn2.

11-2

3.68

149.

5214

2.20

1995

Deve

lope

d al

lom

etric

1

ha, p

lot

Ref N

o. 1

92 B

urro

ws,

(E

ucal

yptu

s cr

ebra

). eq

uatio

ns a

pplie

d to

Ho

ffman

n, C

ompt

on,

(199

5). N

o so

ils

woo

dlan

d pl

ots.

Ba

ck a

nd T

ait,

Aust

ralia

n in

form

atio

n pr

ovid

ed.

Jour

nal o

f Bot

any,

2000

Sem

i-arid

woo

dlan

ds

Dr2.

12-2

0.30

147.

3537

.82

1998

Deve

lope

d al

lom

etric

1 ha

, plo

tRe

f No.

192

Bur

row

s,(E

ucal

yptu

s cr

ebra

). eq

uatio

ns a

pplie

d to

Ho

ffman

n, C

ompt

on, B

ack

(199

8). N

o so

ilsw

oodl

and

plot

s.

and

Tait,

Aus

tralia

n in

form

atio

n pr

ovid

ed.

Jour

nal o

f Bot

any,

2000

Sem

i-arid

woo

dlan

ds

Ug5.

12-2

1.32

148.

358.

1519

98De

velo

ped

allo

met

ric

1 ha

, plo

tRe

f No.

192

Bur

row

s,

(Euc

alyp

tus

creb

ra).

equa

tions

app

lied

toHo

ffman

n, C

ompt

on, B

ack

(199

8). N

o so

ils

woo

dlan

d pl

ots.

an

d Ta

it, A

ustra

lian

info

rmat

ion

prov

ided

.Jo

urna

l of B

otan

y, 20

00

Sem

i-arid

woo

dlan

ds

Dr2.

12-2

4.18

150.

1346

.39

1995

Deve

lope

d al

lom

etric

1 ha

, plo

tRe

f No.

192

Bur

row

s,

(Euc

alyp

tus

mel

anop

hloi

a).

equa

tions

app

lied

to

Hoffm

ann,

Com

pton

, Bac

k(1

995)

. No

soils

w

oodl

and

plot

s.an

d Ta

it, A

ustra

lian

info

rmat

ion

prov

ided

.Jo

urna

l of B

otan

y, 20

00

Sem

i-arid

woo

dlan

ds

Dr2.

31-2

4.92

148.

3512

6.92

1995

Deve

lope

d al

lom

etric

1 ha

, plo

tRe

f No.

192

Bur

row

s,(E

ucal

yptu

s m

elan

ophl

oia)

. eq

uatio

ns a

pplie

d to

Ho

ffman

n, C

ompt

on, B

ack

(199

5). N

o so

ils

woo

dlan

d pl

ots.

and

Tait,

Aus

tralia

nin

form

atio

n pr

ovid

ed.

Jour

nal o

f Bot

any,

2000

Sem

i-arid

woo

dlan

ds

Db1.

13-2

4.92

148.

6090

.75

1986

Deve

lope

d al

lom

etric

1 ha

, plo

tRe

f No.

192

Bur

row

s,(E

ucal

yptu

s m

elan

ophl

oia)

. eq

uatio

ns a

pplie

d to

Hoffm

ann,

Com

pton

, Bac

k(1

986)

. No

soils

w

oodl

and

plot

s.an

d Ta

it, A

ustra

lian

info

rmat

ion

prov

ided

.Jo

urna

l of B

otan

y, 20

00


Site

Desc

riptio

n So

il Ty

pe*

Loca

tion

Loca

tion

Abov

e-

Belo

w-

Year

whe

n M

etho

d of

Cal

cula

tion

Area

Est

imat

eRo

ot:s

hoot

Data

sou

rce

Relia

bilit

yCo

mm

ents

(veg

etat

ion,

soi

l)(L

atitu

de)

(Lon

gitu

de)

grou

ndgr

ound

biom

ass

(Allo

met

ric, e

xpan

sion

and

Basi

s(~

R/S)

(Ref

No.

, (A

GO

Biom

ass

Biom

ass

estim

ated

fact

or e

tc)

(ha,

plo

ts e

tc)

unpu

blis

hed)

Crite

ria)

(t/ha

, (t/

ha,

varia

nce)

varia

nce)

Sem

i-arid

woo

dlan

ds

Dy2.

43-2

2.90

147.

0333

.41

1987

Deve

lope

d al

lom

etric

1

ha, p

lot

Ref N

o. 1

92 B

urro

ws,

(E

ucal

yptu

s m

elan

ophl

oia)

. eq

uatio

ns a

pplie

d to

Ho

ffman

n, C

ompt

on, B

ack

(198

7). N

o so

ils

woo

dlan

d pl

ots.

an

d Ta

it, A

ustra

lian

info

rmat

ion

prov

ided

.Jo

urna

l of B

otan

y, 20

00

Sem

i-arid

woo

dlan

ds

Gn2.

12-2

3.75

146.

0347

.34

1996

Tree

s ha

rves

ted,

1

ha, p

lot

Ref N

o. 1

92 B

urro

ws,

(E

ucal

yptu

s m

elan

ophl

oia)

. al

lom

etric

equ

atio

ns

Hoffm

ann,

Com

pton

, Bac

k(1

996)

. No

soils

de

velo

ped

and

appl

ied

and

Tait,

Aus

tralia

nin

form

atio

n pr

ovid

ed.

to w

oodl

and

plot

s.Jo

urna

l of B

otan

y, 20

00

Sem

i-arid

woo

dlan

ds

Gn2.

12-2

3.68

146.

5211

0.15

1995

Deve

lope

d al

lom

etric

1

ha, p

lot

Ref N

o. 1

92 B

urro

ws,

(Euc

alyp

tus

mel

anop

hloi

a).

equa

tions

app

lied

to

Hoffm

ann,

Com

pton

, Bac

k(1

995)

. No

soils

w

oodl

and

plot

s.

and

Tait,

Aus

tralia

nin

form

atio

n pr

ovid

ed.

Jour

nal o

f Bot

any,

2000

Sem

i-arid

woo

dlan

ds

Gn2.

12-2

3.18

146.

5752

.75

1997

Deve

lope

d al

lom

etric

1

ha, p

lot

Ref N

o. 1

92 B

urro

ws,

(E

ucal

yptu

s m

elan

ophl

oia)

. eq

uatio

ns a

pplie

d to

Hoffm

ann,

Com

pton

, Bac

k(1

997)

. No

soils

w

oodl

and

plot

s.

and

Tait,

Aus

tralia

n in

form

atio

n pr

ovid

ed.

Jour

nal o

f Bot

any,

2000

Sem

i-arid

woo

dlan

ds

Dy3.

41-2

5.67

150.

9744

.43

1997

Deve

lope

d al

lom

etric

1

ha, p

lot

Ref N

o. 1

92 B

urro

ws,

(E

ucal

yptu

s m

elan

ophl

oia)

. eq

uatio

ns a

pplie

d to

Hoffm

ann,

Com

pton

, Bac

k(1

997)

. No

soils

w

oodl

and

plot

s.

and

Tait,

Aus

tralia

n in

form

atio

n pr

ovid

ed.

Jour

nal o

f Bot

any,

2000

Sem

i-arid

woo

dlan

ds

Gn2.

12-2

6.75

147.

5778

.56

1998

Deve

lope

d al

lom

etric

1

ha, p

lot

Ref N

o. 1

92 B

urro

ws,

(E

ucal

yptu

s m

elan

ophl

oia)

. eq

uatio

ns a

pplie

d to

Hoffm

ann,

Com

pton

, Bac

k(1

998)

. No

soils

w

oodl

and

plot

s.

and

Tait,

Aus

tralia

n in

form

atio

n pr

ovid

ed.

Jour

nal o

f Bot

any,

2000

Sem

i-arid

woo

dlan

ds

Dy2.

43-2

0.97

145.

8527

.01

1997

Deve

lope

d al

lom

etric

1

ha, p

lot

Ref N

o. 1

92 B

urro

ws,

(E

ucal

yptu

s m

elan

ophl

oia)

. eq

uatio

ns a

pplie

d to

Hoffm

ann,

Com

pton

, Bac

k(1

997)

. No

soils

w

oodl

and

plot

s.

and

Tait,

Aus

tralia

n in

form

atio

n pr

ovid

ed.

Jour

nal o

f Bot

any,

2000

Sem

i-arid

woo

dlan

ds

Dy3.

22-2

5.02

150.

7845

.81

1997

Deve

lope

d al

lom

etric

1

ha, p

lot

Ref N

o. 1

92 B

urro

ws,

(E

ucal

yptu

s m

elan

ophl

oia)

. eq

uatio

ns a

pplie

d to

Hoffm

ann,

Com

pton

, Bac

k(1

997)

. No

soils

w

oodl

and

plot

s.

and

Tait,

Aus

tralia

nin

form

atio

n pr

ovid

ed.

Jour

nal o

f Bot

any,

2000


Sem

i-arid

woo

dlan

ds

Dy2.

43-2

3.58

149.

3096

.34

1983

Deve

lope

d al

lom

etric

1 ha

, plo

tRe

f No.

192

Bur

row

s,

(Euc

alyp

tus

popu

lnea

). eq

uatio

ns a

pplie

d to

Hoffm

ann,

Com

pton

, Bac

k(1

983)

. No

soils

w

oodl

and

plot

s.an

d Ta

it, A

ustra

lian

info

rmat

ion

prov

ided

.Jo

urna

l of B

otan

y, 20

00

Sem

i-arid

woo

dlan

ds

Dy3.

41-2

3.17

150.

5599

.23

1992

Deve

lope

d al

lom

etric

1 ha

, plo

tRe

f No.

192

Bur

row

s,

(Euc

alyp

tus

popu

lnea

). eq

uatio

ns a

pplie

d to

Hoffm

ann,

Com

pton

, Bac

k (1

992)

. No

soils

w

oodl

and

plot

s.an

d Ta

it, A

ustra

lian

info

rmat

ion

prov

ided

.Jo

urna

l of B

otan

y, 20

00

Sem

i-arid

woo

dlan

ds

Gn2.

11-2

3.90

149.

6348

.22

1995

Deve

lope

d al

lom

etric

1 ha

, plo

tRe

f No.

192

Bur

row

s,

(Euc

alyp

tus

popu

lnea

). eq

uatio

ns a

pplie

d to

Ho

ffman

n, C

ompt

on, B

ack

(199

5). N

o so

ils

woo

dlan

d pl

ots.

and

Tait,

Aus

tralia

nin

form

atio

n pr

ovid

ed.

Jour

nal o

f Bot

any,

2000

Sem

i-arid

woo

dlan

ds

Ug5.

24-2

3.63

150.

6310

0.43

1992

Deve

lope

d al

lom

etric

1 ha

, plo

tRe

f No.

192

Bur

row

s,

(Euc

alyp

tus

popu

lnea

). eq

uatio

ns a

pplie

d to

Hoffm

ann,

Com

pton

, Bac

k (1

992)

. No

soils

w

oodl

and

plot

s.an

d Ta

it, A

ustra

lian

info

rmat

ion

prov

ided

.Jo

urna

l of B

otan

y, 20

00

Sem

i-arid

woo

dlan

ds

Dy2.

43-2

3.63

149.

4241

.29

1996

Tree

s ha

rves

ted,

1

ha, p

lot

Ref N

o. 1

92 B

urro

ws,

(E

ucal

yptu

s po

puln

ea).

allo

met

ric e

quat

ions

Hoffm

ann,

Com

pton

, Bac

k(1

996)

. No

soils

de

velo

ped

and

appl

ied

and

Tait,

Aus

tralia

nin

form

atio

n pr

ovid

ed.

to w

oodl

and

plot

s.Jo

urna

l of B

otan

y, 20

00

Sem

i-arid

woo

dlan

ds

Dy2.

43-2

3.62

149.

4279

.88

1996

Tree

s ha

rves

ted,

1

ha, p

lot

Ref N

o. 1

92 B

urro

ws,

(E

ucal

yptu

s po

puln

ea).

allo

met

ric e

quat

ions

Ho

ffman

n, C

ompt

on, B

ack

(199

6). N

o so

ils

deve

lope

d an

d ap

plie

d an

d Ta

it, A

ustra

lian

info

rmat

ion

prov

ided

.to

woo

dlan

d pl

ots.

Jour

nal o

f Bot

any,

2000

Sem

i-arid

woo

dlan

ds

Dy2.

43-2

3.60

149.

4359

.49

1996

Tree

s ha

rves

ted,

1

ha, p

lot

Ref N

o. 1

92 B

urro

ws,

(E

ucal

yptu

s po

puln

ea).

allo

met

ric e

quat

ions

Ho

ffman

n, C

ompt

on, B

ack

(199

6). N

o so

ils

deve

lope

d an

d ap

plie

d an

d Ta

it, A

ustra

lian

info

rmat

ion

prov

ided

.to

woo

dlan

d pl

ots.

Jour

nal o

f Bot

any,

2000

Sem

i-arid

woo

dlan

ds

Gn2.

22-2

3.00

145.

8366

.33

1997

Deve

lope

d al

lom

etric

1

ha, p

lot

Ref N

o. 1

92 B

urro

ws,

(E

ucal

yptu

s po

puln

ea).

equa

tions

app

lied

to

Hoffm

ann,

Com

pton

, Bac

k (1

997)

. No

soils

w

oodl

and

plot

s.an

d Ta

it, A

ustra

lian

info

rmat

ion

prov

ided

.Jo

urna

l of B

otan

y, 20

00

Sem

i-arid

woo

dlan

ds

Gn2.

12-2

7.63

148.

8710

8.98

1997

Deve

lope

d al

lom

etric

1 ha

, plo

tRe

f No.

192

Bur

row

s,

(Euc

alyp

tus

popu

lnea

). eq

uatio

ns a

pplie

d to

Hoffm

ann,

Com

pton

, Bac

k (1

997)

. No

soils

w

oodl

and

plot

s.an

d Ta

it, A

ustra

lian

info

rmat

ion

prov

ided

.Jo

urna

l of B

otan

y, 20

00

Sem

i-arid

woo

dlan

ds

Ug5.

22-2

4.67

145.

9310

5.58

1997

Deve

lope

d al

lom

etric

1 ha

, plo

tRe

f No.

192

Bur

row

s,

(Euc

alyp

tus

mel

anop

hloi

a).

equa

tions

app

lied

toHo

ffman

n, C

ompt

on, B

ack

(199

7). N

o so

ils

woo

dlan

d pl

ots.

and

Tait,

Aus

tralia

n in

form

atio

n pr

ovid

ed.

Jour

nal o

f Bot

any,

2000


Site

Desc

riptio

n So

il Ty

pe*

Loca

tion

Loca

tion

Abov

e-

Belo

w-

Year

whe

n M

etho

d of

Cal

cula

tion

Area

Est

imat

eRo

ot:s

hoot

Data

sou

rce

Relia

bilit

yCo

mm

ents

(veg

etat

ion,

soi

l)(L

atitu

de)

(Lon

gitu

de)

grou

ndgr

ound

biom

ass

(Allo

met

ric, e

xpan

sion

and

Basi

s(~

R/S)

(Ref

No.

, (A

GO

Biom

ass

Biom

ass

estim

ated

fact

or e

tc)

(ha,

plo

ts e

tc)

unpu

blis

hed)

Crite

ria)

(t/ha

, (t/

ha,

varia

nce)

varia

nce)

Heat

h co

mm

unity

Uc

2.21

-35.

8714

0.45

26.4

481

.50

Unkn

own

Clip

ped

quad

rats

.0.

0252

ha,

0.

76Re

f No.

34

Spe

cht,

Rays

on,

dom

inat

ed b

yBa

nksi

a,

quad

rat

Jack

man

, Aus

tralia

n Ca

suar

ina,

Xan

thor

rhoe

a,

Jour

nal o

f Bot

any,

1958

Euca

lypt

uson

ver

y sa

ndy

soils

.

Heat

h co

mm

unity

dom

inat

ed

Uc2.

21-3

5.87

140.

459.

1519

66Cl

ippe

d qu

adra

ts.

0.01

25 h

a,

Ref N

o. 3

5 S

pech

t, by

Ban

ksia

, Cas

uarin

a,

quad

rat

Aust

ralia

n Jo

urna

l of

Xant

horr

hoea

, Euc

alyp

tus

Bota

ny, 1

966

on v

ery

sand

y so

ils.

Scle

roph

yllo

us h

eath

Uc

2.21

-29.

8711

5.25

13.9

830

.74

1984

Clip

ped

quad

rats

.0.

0048

ha,

0.

69Re

f No.

102

Low

and

(B

anks

ia) w

ith s

hrub

and

pl

otLa

mon

t, Au

stra

lian

herb

und

erst

orey

on

deep

Jo

urna

l of B

otan

y, 19

90dr

aini

ng s

ands

.

Scle

roph

yllo

us h

eath

Um

2.12

-38.

1314

5.13

9.47

60.1

319

66Cl

ippe

d qu

adra

ts.

0.00

12 h

a,

0.86

Ref N

o. 1

07 J

ones

, (L

epto

sper

mum

, qu

adra

tAu

stra

lian

Jour

nal

Casu

arin

aan

d Ba

nksi

a)

of B

otan

y, 19

68w

ith s

econ

dary

shr

ub la

yer.

Soils

wer

e de

ep s

ands

of

very

low

ferti

lity.

Scle

roph

yllo

us h

eath

Um

2.12

-38.

1314

5.13

10.1

274

.49

1966

Clip

ped

quad

rats

.0.

0012

ha,

0.

88Re

f No.

107

Jon

es,

(Lep

tosp

erm

um, C

asua

rina

quad

rat

Aust

ralia

n Jo

urna

l an

d Ba

nksi

a) w

ith s

econ

dary

of

Bot

any,

1968

shru

b la

yer.

Soils

wer

e de

ep

sand

s of

ver

y lo

w fe

rtilit

y.

Arid

per

enni

al g

rass

land

Gn

2.12

-23.

5513

3.60

14.9

020

.10

1973

/Vi

sual

met

hod

0.00

2 ha

, 0.

57Re

f No.

126

Ros

s,

com

mun

ity (E

ragr

ostis

1975

calib

rate

dqu

adra

tAu

stra

lian

Jour

nal o

f er

iopo

da).

Soils

wer

e a

by c

lippe

d Ec

olog

y, 19

77gr

adat

iona

l red

-ear

th w

ith

quad

rats

.a

sand

y lo

am s

urfa

ce.

Open

sav

anna

h w

oodl

and,

Gn

2.12

-23.

5713

3.57

5.92

Unkn

own

Prev

ious

ly d

evel

oped

2.

25 h

a,

Ref N

o. 1

43

Alic

e Sp

rings

-ope

n al

lom

etric

equ

atio

nspl

otW

alke

r and

Lan

grid

ge,

woo

dlan

d. E

arth

. ap

plie

d.

Jour

nal o

f Bio

geog

raph

y, 19

97

Open

Sav

anna

h w

oodl

and,

Ug

5.37

-20.

3514

2.63

10.0

9Un

know

nPr

evio

usly

dev

elop

ed

2.25

ha,

Re

f No.

143

Wal

ker a

nd

Runn

ymea

d. S

andy

loam

.al

lom

etric

equ

atio

ns

plot

Lang

ridge

, Jou

rnal

of

appl

ied.

Bi

ogeo

grap

hy, 1

997


Dry

scle

roph

yll s

crub

Uc

2.3

-33.

9615

1.22

48.0

079

.90

1975

/Vo

lum

e es

timat

es m

ade

0.00

08 h

a,

0.62

Ref N

o. 1

47 M

aggs

and

sy

stem

dom

inat

ed b

y 19

76an

d co

mbi

ned

with

qu

adra

tPe

arso

n, O

ecol

ogia

, Ba

nksi

agr

owin

g on

w

ood

dens

ity

1977

asa

nd-r

idge

s.m

easu

rem

ents

.

Heat

h ve

geta

tion

Uc2.

3-3

8.87

146.

407.

7241

.70

1962

/Cl

ippe

d qu

adra

ts.

0.01

08 h

a,

0.84

Ref N

o. 1

67 G

rove

s,

dom

inat

ed b

y Ba

nksi

a19

63qu

adra

tAu

stra

lian

Jour

nal o

f on

san

dy s

oils

.Bo

tany

, 196

5

Heat

h ve

geta

tion

on lo

w

Dy5.

43-3

6.03

140.

5028

.00

Unkn

own

Clip

ped

quad

rats

.0.

002

to

Ref N

o. 1

68 G

rove

s an

d nu

trien

t, sa

ndy

soils

.0.

03 h

a,

Spec

ht, A

ustra

lian

quad

rat

Jour

nal o

f Bot

any,

1965

Heat

h ve

geta

tion

on lo

w

Uc1.

11-3

9.03

146.

3218

.00

34.5

3Un

know

nCl

ippe

d qu

adra

ts.

0.00

2 to

0.

66Re

f No.

168

Gro

ves

and

nutri

ent,

sand

y so

ils.

0.03

ha,

Sp

echt

, Aus

tralia

n qu

adra

tJo

urna

l of B

otan

y, 19

65

Heat

h ve

geta

tion

on lo

w

Uc2.

3-3

8.87

146.

4013

.50

13.3

1Un

know

nCl

ippe

d qu

adra

ts.

0.00

2 to

0.

50Re

f No.

168

Gro

ves

and

nutri

ent,

sand

y so

ils.

0.03

ha,

Sp

echt

, Aus

tralia

n qu

adra

tJo

urna

l of B

otan

y, 19

65

* At

las

of A

ustra

lian

Soils

Prin

cipl

e Fo

rm


2. UNPUBLISHED FOREST DATAFROM SOUTH-EAST AUSTRALIA

Notes accompanying unpublished spatial biomassestimates.

2.1 GENERAL COMMENTThe reported estimates of biomass on a plot basis areconsidered to have a high level of accuracy wheresite and species specific allometric equations havebeen applied. Greater uncertainty exists where non-specific equations have been applied.

Spatial extrapolation of plot estimates of biomass to the stand level introduces the next level ofuncertainty, which is related to forest heterogeneity.Extensive testing with inventory data is required toquantify this uncertainty.

2.2 COMMENT ON AGO CRITERIA

2.2.1 Maturity of the vegetation and changes due to disturbance

All stands are considered ‘mature’ native vegetation.Notes are provided about known disturbancehistory.

The Brindabella sites (Sites 1 – 4) represent standsregenerated after the 1939 wildfire, but include somesurvivors and trees aged by dendrochronology at >100 years old. Sites 1 and 3 have had someprescribed burning that has damaged some treesand killed a few small trees. These stands all consistof multi-ages and sizes of trees.

The stands in Bago State Forest are all fully - stocked with a range of tree age and size classes.Regeneration has occurred following selectiveharvesting and some wildfires. Inventory plots thathad been recently logged or had low stocking due to poor regeneration have not been included.

The E. obliqua sites in Tasmania and NSW werespecifically selected to represent mature stands.They are fully-stocked, multi-aged stands that haveregenerated following selective harvesting orwildfire.

Further information could be obtained aboutdisturbance history from forest compartmentrecords.

2.2.2 Accuracy of spatial location

All sites are permanently marked in the field andcan be located. Geo-referencing of plots usedlatitude and longitude from 1:25 000 scale AUSLIGmaps. Plots were carefully located in relation totopographic features while in the field and accuracywould be within 25 m. GPS locations could beobtained by returning to each plot, for Sites 1–4 and35–39. Sites 5–34 have been located by GPS.

2.2.3 Size of the area sampled (plot versusstand) and representativeness of local conditions (~1 ha for stand level)

Sites 1–4 , 21–34 and 35–39 were selected to berepresentative of the surrounding forest stand of >1 ha. Sites 5–20 were selected from a grid-basedinventory design across the State Forest. However,based on knowledge of the surrounding forest, theseplots are considered representative of >1 ha stand.Notes on actual sizes of inventory plots at each siteare given in the following table.

Although these plots are considered ‘representative’of a 1 ha stand, great heterogeneity exists in forestsdue to topography, environmental conditions anddisturbance history (even within a ‘mature’ forest).This heterogeneity is exemplified by the varianceamong 6 plots within several ha at Site 1, and therange in values for sites 5 to 26 that occur in BagoState Forest with the same species and soil type.

2.2.4 Biomass divided into above – and below-ground components

There are no estimates of below-ground biomass atthese sites. A root / shoot ratio cannot be appliedbecause there is inadequate information about soiltype, species and environmental controls onallocation to apply a ratio from another site.


Quality control can be assessed because CSIROForestry and Forest Products staff were involved inthe collection, processing and measurements. Notesare provided for each site about the quality ofallometric equations and inventory data.

The accuracy of biomass estimates depends on:

1. Representativeness of harvested trees andcomponents;

2. Methods of sampling biomass components;

3. Derivation of allometric equations; and

4. Application of equations to inventory data.

Sites 1–4: Trees and components were sampledopportunistically from material available and tocover a size range of trees within the study area.Samples of components were weighed, multipliedby volume and converted by ratios of fresh mass:drymass. Logarithmic allometric equations werecalculated and applied to inventory data for theplots.

Sites 5–28: Species specific allometric equations fromthe Brindabellas were applied to inventory datafrom Bago State Forest. Structure of the trees issimilar but the errors associated with site differenceshave not been tested.

Sites 29–34: The closest possible allometric equationwas selected from those available in south-eastAustralia (NCAS Technical Report 5b, AustralianGreenhouse Office, 2000), in terms of species andenvironmental conditions. Errors associated withspecies and site differences have not been tested.

Sites 35–39: Trees were sampled systematically at a site to cover the range in sizes and structures.Samples were selected by random branch samplingand importance sampling to ensure an unbiasedsample with the greatest accuracy for the amount ofmaterial harvested. Logarithmic allometric equationswere calculated, and these species and site specificequations were applied to inventory data for thesame site.

All data presented were calculated for the purposeof estimating standing above-ground biomass oftrees. Inventory data includes trees only >10 cmdiameter, and does not include biomass of smalltrees, understorey, groundcover, dead trees or litter.

Estimation of errors –

The error associated in estimating biomass at a siteconsists of four components:

1. Error involved in the derivation of theallometric equation;

2. Error involved in any application of theallometric equation to trees beyond the sizerange from which it was derived;

3. Error due to prediction using an allometricequation for individual trees within a plot;and

4. The variance among replicate plots within a site.

Information exists for the current sites on errors of type (3) at Sites 5–20 and type (4) at Site 1.Additional information about errors could becalculated for some of these sites.

The total error in the estimation of biomass is thesum of all these types of errors. It is important thateach type of error is not confused, and that anindividual type of error is not taken as the totalerror.


Site

Desc

riptio

n Lo

catio

nBi

omas

s Ye

ar w

hen

Met

hod

of

Area

Est

imat

e Ro

ot b

iom

ass

Data

sou

rce

Relia

bilit

yCo

mm

ents

(veg

etat

ion,

soi

l)(t/

ha,

biom

ass

Calc

ulat

ion

and

Basi

s or

root

:sho

ot

(Ref

No.

,(A

GO C

riter

ia)

varia

nce)

estim

ated

(Allo

met

ric,

(ha,

plo

ts e

tc)

(t/ha

, ~R/

S)un

publ

ishe

d)ex

pans

ion

fact

or, e

tc)

1PS

E. p

auci

flora

- Pi

ccad

illy

210.

9 (m

ean)

Bi

omas

s Al

lom

etric

6 x

0.04

ha

Keith

H.,

Rais

on

1) L

ocat

ion:

Pos

ition

Ot

her d

ata

60 y

ear-o

ld

catc

hmen

t, 18

8.1

sam

ples

equa

tion

plot

s w

ithin

an

R. J

. and

Jac

obse

nof

plo

ts is

acc

urat

ely

avai

labl

e at

the

rege

nera

tion.

Br

inda

bella

(var

ianc

e 1)

colle

cted

in

(site

spe

cific

)ar

ea o

f sev

eral

ha

K.L.

199

7.

loca

ted

on 1

:250

00si

te: 1

) Det

aile

dM

onta

ne c

ool

Rang

e, A

CT.

appr

ox. 1

980.

Al

loca

tion

of

topo

grap

hic

map

, so

il an

alys

es,

tem

pera

te e

ucal

ypt

35 2

1’ 4

9”S

Allo

met

ricca

rbon

in a

mat

ure

perm

anen

tly lo

cate

d 2)

Inve

ntor

y da

ta

fore

st. M

atur

e st

and

148

48’ 1

1”E

equa

tion

euca

lypt

fore

st

in th

e fie

ld, a

nd

for a

n ad

ditio

nal

of m

ixed

age

/ si

ze

Elev

atio

n 12

00 m

de

rived

and

an

d so

me

effe

cts

coul

d be

loca

ted

21 p

lots

, lon

g-te

rmcl

asse

s, m

ainl

y 50

km

W o

f st

and

biom

ass

of s

oil p

hosp

horu

s by

GPS

. an

d on

-goi

ng,

rege

nera

tion

from

Ca

nber

ra.

calc

ulat

ed in

av

aila

bilit

y. Pl

ant a

nd

2) A

rea

estim

ate:

3)

Gro

wth

dat

ath

e 19

39 w

ildfir

e 19

95. I

nven

tory

So

il 19

6:81

-99.

Plot

s co

ver f

ores

t in

term

s of

w

ith s

ome

larg

e da

ta is

long

repr

esen

tativ

e of

an

nual

DBH

re

sidu

al tr

ees.

Soi

l te

rm a

nd

>1 h

a.in

crem

ent,

type

is a

Red

Ear

th

on-g

oing

.3)

Mat

urity

: The

4)

Bud

gets

of C

, w

ith h

igh

orga

nic

fore

st s

tand

is

N an

d P

in th

e m

atte

r con

tent

.co

nsid

ered

‘mat

ure’

, ec

osys

tem

and

w

ith tr

ees

appr

ox. 6

0 5)

Spe

cies

list

s.ye

ars

old

and

a ra

nge

of a

ges.

Dis

turb

ance

hi

stor

y in

clud

es

rege

nera

tion

afte

r the

19

39 w

ildfir

e an

d re

gula

r pr

escr

ibed

bur

ning

.

2FS

E. p

auci

flora

- Fe

rny

catc

hmen

t, 14

5.7

t/ha

Inve

ntor

y da

ta

Allo

met

ric

1 x

0.25

ha

plot

unpu

blis

hed

1) L

ocat

ion:

Pos

ition

Ot

her d

ata

avai

labl

e un

burn

t for

est.

Brin

dabe

llafro

m 1

984.

eq

uatio

nof

plo

ts is

acc

urat

ely

at th

e si

te: 1

) Som

e (a

s ab

ove)

Ra

nge,

ACT

. (a

s ab

ove)

(site

spe

cific

)lo

cate

d on

1:2

5000

so

il an

alys

es35

22’

35”

S

topo

grap

hic

map

, 2)

Gro

wth

dat

a14

8 48

’ 11”

E

perm

anen

tly lo

cate

din

term

s of

in

the

field

, and

cou

ld b

e an

nual

DBH

loca

ted

by G

PS. 2

) Are

a in

crem

ent o

f es

timat

e: P

lot c

over

s fo

rest

sele

cted

tree

s an

dre

pres

enta

tive

of >

1 ha

. 3)

Spe

cies

list

s.3)

Mat

urity

: The

fore

st

stan

d is

con

side

red

‘mat

ure’

, with

tree

s >1

00

year

s ol

d an

d a

rang

e of

ag

es. N

o fir

es w

ithin

kn

own

hist

ory.


3PD

E. d

eleg

aten

sis

- Pi

ccad

illy

287.

8 t/h

aIn

vent

ory

data

Allo

met

ric1

x 0.

25 h

a pl

otun

publ

ishe

d1)

Loc

atio

n: P

ositi

onOt

her d

ata

avai

labl

e60

yea

r-old

ca

tchm

ent,

from

199

4.eq

uatio

n of

plo

ts is

acc

urat

ely

at th

e si

te: 1

) Som

e re

gene

ratio

n.

Brin

dabe

lla(a

s ab

ove)

(site

spe

cific

)lo

cate

d on

1:2

5000

so

il an

alys

es, 2

) M

onta

ne c

ool

Rang

e, A

CT.

topo

grap

hic

map

, Gr

owth

dat

a in

te

mpe

rate

euc

alyp

t 35

21’

43”

S

perm

anen

tly lo

cate

d te

rms

of a

nnua

l fo

rest

. Mat

ure

stan

d 14

8 48

’ 23”

Ein

the

field

, and

DB

H in

crem

ent

of m

ixed

age

/ si

ze

coul

d be

loca

ted

of s

elec

ted

clas

ses,

mai

nly

by G

PS. 2

) Are

a tre

es a

nd 3

) re

gene

ratio

n fro

m

estim

ate:

Plo

t cov

ers

Spec

ies

lists

.th

e 19

39 w

ildfir

e fo

rest

repr

esen

tativ

ew

ith s

ome

larg

e of

>1

ha. 3

) Mat

urity

: re

sidu

al tr

ees.

Th

e fo

rest

sta

nd is

Soil

type

is a

Red

co

nsid

ered

‘mat

ure’

, Ea

rth w

ith h

igh

with

tree

s 60

yea

rs

orga

nic

mat

ter

old

and

a ra

nge

cont

ent.

of a

ges.

Dis

turb

ance

hist

ory

incl

udes

rege

nera

tion

afte

r the

19

39 w

ildfir

e an

dre

gula

r pre

scrib

edbu

rnin

g.

4FD

E. d

eleg

aten

sis

- Fe

rny

catc

hmen

t, 44

7.8

t/ha

Inve

ntor

y da

ta

Allo

met

ric1

x 0.

25 h

a pl

otun

publ

ishe

d1)

Loc

atio

n: P

ositi

onOt

her d

ata

avai

labl

eun

burn

t for

est.

Brin

dabe

lla R

ange

, fro

m 1

994.

eq

uatio

nof

plo

ts is

acc

urat

ely

at th

e si

te:

(as

abov

e)

ACT.

35

22’ 2

8” S

(a

s ab

ove)

(site

spe

cific

)lo

cate

d on

1:2

5000

1)

Som

e so

il 14

8 49

’ 30”

Eto

pogr

aphi

c m

ap,

anal

yses

, 2) G

row

thpe

rman

ently

loca

ted

inda

ta in

term

s th

e fie

ld, a

nd c

ould

be

of a

nnua

l DBH

lo

cate

d by

GPS

. 2) A

rea

incr

emen

t of

estim

ate:

Plo

t cov

ers

fore

st

sele

cted

tree

s an

d re

pres

enta

tive

of >

1 ha

. 3)

Spe

cies

list

s.3)

Mat

urity

: The

fore

st

stan

d is

con

side

red

‘mat

ure’

, with

tree

s60

yea

rs o

ld a

nd a

rang

e of

age

s. N

o fir

es in

kno

wn

hist

ory.

PGP

1E.

del

egat

ensi

s.

Bago

Sta

te F

ores

t.56

3.0

Inve

ntor

y da

ta

Allo

met

ric1

x 0.

1 ha

plo

tun

publ

ishe

d1)

Loc

atio

n: P

ositi

onOt

her d

ata

avai

labl

eTa

ll m

onta

ne c

ool

Altit

udin

al ra

nge

149.

5 fro

m 1

996.

eq

uatio

nof

plo

ts is

acc

urat

ely

at th

e si

te:

tem

pera

te e

ucal

ypt

800

to 1

500

m.

(SD

2)(d

eriv

ed fr

om

loca

ted

by G

PS a

nd1)

Det

aile

d so

il fo

rest

. For

est

AMG

zone

55

Brin

dabe

llam

appe

d on

the

anal

yses

man

aged

for

6041

30 E

da

ta)

Bago

GIS

. 2) A

rea

2) G

row

th d

ata

inse

lect

ive

timbe

r 60

5624

6 N

estim

ate:

Plo

t cov

ers

term

s of

ann

ual

prod

uctio

n fo

r fo

rest

repr

esen

tativ

eDB

H in

crem

ent a

nd>1

00 y

ears

. Mat

ure

of >

1 ha

. 3) M

atur

ity:

dend

roch

ron-

stan

d of

mul

tiple

age

The

fore

st s

tand

is

olog

ical

stu

dies

,/ s

ize c

ohor

ts. D

eep

cons

ider

ed ‘m

atur

e’,

3) S

peci

es li

sts

gran

odio

rite

soils

.w

ith a

fully

sto

cked

, an

d 4)

His

toric

al

mul

tiple

-age

d st

and.

re

cord

s of

Rege

nera

tion

has

occu

rred

m

anag

emen

t and

follo

win

g se

lect

ive

and

dist

urba

nce

harv

estin

g an

d so

me

even

ts.

wild

fires

.

Site

Desc

riptio

n Lo

catio

nBi

omas

s Ye

ar w

hen

Met

hod

of

Area

Est

imat

e Ro

ot b

iom

ass

Data

sou

rce

Relia

bilit

yCo

mm

ents

(veg

etat

ion,

soi

l)(t/

ha,

biom

ass

Calc

ulat

ion

and

Basi

s or

root

:sho

ot

(Ref

No.

,(A

GO C

riter

ia)

varia

nce)

estim

ated

(Allo

met

ric,

(ha,

plo

ts e

tc)

(t/ha

, ~R/

S)un

publ

ishe

d)ex

pans

ion

fact

or, e

tc)

6PG

P 2

AMG

zone

55

244.

9 60

4130

E

65.0

(SD

2)60

5624

6 N

8PG

P 4

AMG

zone

55

495.

5 60

9177

E

122.

0(SD

2)

6053

686

N

9 PG

P 5

AMG

zone

55

241.

6 60

4139

E64

.1 (S

D 2)

6053

727

10 P

GP 6

AMG

zone

55

655.

4 60

6574

E

174.

0 (S

D 2)

6053

624

N

11 P

GP 7

AMG

zone

55

283.

9 60

1568

E

75.4

(SD

2)60

5361

9 N

13 P

GP 9

AMG

zone

55

407.

7 60

1685

E

108.

2 (S

D 2)

6051

007

N

14 P

GP 1

0AM

G zo

ne 5

5 15

2.3

6043

73 E

40

.4 (S

D 2)

6050

916

N

15 P

GP 1

1AM

G zo

ne 5

5 31

8.6

6090

84 E

84

.6 (S

D 2)

6051

087

N

16 P

GP 1

2AM

G zo

ne 5

5 24

4.1

6091

80 E

64

.8 (S

D 2)

6048

615

N

18 P

GP 1

4AM

G zo

ne 5

5 24

2.2

5992

14 E

64

.3 (S

D 2)

6046

015

N

19 P

GP 1

6AM

G zo

ne 5

5 22

2.7

6091

14 E

59

.1 (S

D 2)

6046

175

N

20 P

GP 1

8AM

G zo

ne 5

5 21

3.8

6117

35 E

56

.8 (S

D 2)

6043

738

N



21 B

MP

1E.

del

egat

ensi

s.Ba

go S

tate

For

est.

475.

0In

vent

ory

data

Allo

met

ric1

x 0.

1 ha

plo

tun

publ

ishe

d1)

Loc

atio

n: P

ositi

onOt

her d

ata

avai

labl

eTa

ll m

onta

ne c

ool

35.6

2298

Sfro

m 2

001.

eq

uatio

nof

plo

ts is

acc

urat

ely

at th

e si

te: 1

) te

mpe

rate

euc

alyp

t14

8.14

3043

E(d

eriv

ed fr

om

loca

ted

by G

PS a

ndDe

taile

d so

il an

d fo

rest

. For

est

East

ing

6035

10Br

inda

bella

map

ped

on th

e Ba

gofo

liage

ana

lyse

s,m

anag

ed fo

r No

rthin

g 60

5725

2da

ta)

GIS.

2) A

rea

estim

ate:

2)

Gro

wth

dat

a in

sele

ctiv

e tim

ber

Plot

cov

ers

fore

st

term

s of

ann

ual

prod

uctio

n fo

r re

pres

enta

tive

of >

1 ha

.DB

H in

crem

ent,

>100

yea

rs. M

atur

e 3)

Mat

urity

: The

fore

st3)

Spe

cies

list

s,st

and

of m

ultip

lest

and

is c

onsi

dere

d 4)

His

toric

al

age

/ size

coh

orts

.‘m

atur

e’, w

ith a

fully

reco

rds

ofst

ocke

d, m

ultip

le-a

ged

man

agem

ent a

ndst

and.

Reg

ener

atio

n ha

s di

stur

banc

eoc

curr

ed fo

llow

ing

sele

ctiv

e ev

ents

and

harv

estin

g an

d so

me

5) re

mot

ew

ildfir

es.

sens

ing

cove

rage

.

22

as a

bove

35

.642

50 S

62

9.1

as a

bove

as

abo

ve

as a

bove

as

abo

ve

as a

bove

as

abo

veBM

P 3

148.

1794

89 E

Ea

stin

g 60

6785

No

rthin

g 60

5504

9

23

as a

bove

35

.610

89 S

38

4.5

as a

bove

as

abo

ve

as a

bove

as

abo

ve

as a

bove

as

abo

ve

BMP

414

8.14

8658

E

East

ing

6040

34

North

ing

6058

587

24

as a

bove

35

.701

21 S

44

6as

abo

ve

as a

bove

as

abo

ve

as a

bove

as

abo

ve

as a

bove

BM

P 8

148.

1256

98 E

Ea

stin

g 60

1840

No

rthin

g 60

4859

3

25

as a

bove

35

.654

69 S

41

4as

abo

ve

as a

bove

as

abo

ve

as a

bove

as

abo

ve

as a

bove

BM

P 16

148.

1504

38 E

Ea

stin

g 60

4139

No

rthin

g 60

5372

7

26

as a

bove

35

.659

62 S

26

4as

abo

ve

as a

bove

as

abo

ve

as a

bove

as

abo

ve

as a

bove

BMP

118

148.

1568

06 E

Ea

stin

g 60

4709

No

rthin

g 60

5317

3

27 S

G 1

E. p

auci

flora

/Ba

go S

tate

For

est.

331

as a

bove

as

abo

ve

as a

bove

as

abo

ve

as a

bove

Ot

her d

ata

avai

labl

eE.

dal

rym

plea

na.

35.6

6450

Sat

the

site

: Ba

go S

tate

For

est.

148.

1707

50 E

1) F

olia

ge a

naly

ses

Low

coo

l tem

pera

te

East

ing

6059

64an

d 2)

rem

ote

euca

lypt

fore

st. M

atur

e No

rthin

g 60

5262

1se

nsin

g co

vera

ge.

stan

d of

mul

tiple

age

/ si

ze c

ohor

ts.

28 S

G 2

E. p

auci

flora

/ Ba

go S

tate

For

est.

275

as a

bove

as

abo

ve

as a

bove

as

abo

ve

as a

bove

as

abo

ve

E. d

alry

mpl

eana

. 35

.687

00 S

Lo

w c

ool t

empe

rate

148.

1573

00 E

euca

lypt

fore

st. M

atur

eEa

stin

g 60

4718

stan

d of

mul

tiple

age

/ No

rthin

g 60

5014

0si

ze c

ohor

ts.

Site

Desc

riptio

n Lo

catio

nBi

omas

s Ye

ar w

hen

Met

hod

of

Area

Est

imat

e Ro

ot b

iom

ass

Data

sou

rce

Relia

bilit

yCo

mm

ents

(veg

etat

ion,

soi

l)(t/

ha,

biom

ass

Calc

ulat

ion

and

Basi

s or

root

:sho

ot

(Ref

No.

,(A

GO C

riter

ia)

varia

nce)

estim

ated

(Allo

met

ric,

(ha,

plo

ts e

tc)

(t/ha

, ~R/

S)un

publ

ishe

d)ex

pans

ion

fact

or, e

tc)

29 P

M 1

E. ra

diat

a /

Bago

Sta

te F

ores

t.35

8as

abo

ve

Allo

met

ric

as a

bove

as

abo

ve

as a

bove

as

abo

veE.

dal

rym

plea

na.

35.5

7282

Seq

uatio

nLo

w c

ool t

empe

rate

148.

2011

17 E

(der

ived

from

euca

lypt

fore

st. M

atur

eEa

stin

g 60

8837

the

clos

est d

ata

stan

d of

mul

tiple

age

/ No

rthin

g 60

6275

3fo

r the

spe

cies

)si

ze c

ohor

ts.

30 P

M 2

E. ra

diat

a /

Bago

Sta

te F

ores

t.21

8as

abo

ve

Allo

met

ric

as a

bove

as

abo

ve

as a

bove

as

abo

veE.

dal

rym

plea

na.

35.5

7662

Seq

uatio

nLo

w c

ool t

empe

rate

148.

2115

83 E

(der

ived

from

eu

caly

pt fo

rest

. Mat

ure

East

ing

6097

80th

e cl

oses

t dat

ast

and

of m

ultip

le a

ge /

North

ing

6062

320

for t

he s

peci

es)

size

coh

orts

.

31 S

B 1

E. m

acro

rhyn

cha

/ Ba

go S

tate

For

est.

228

as a

bove

Al

lom

etric

as

abo

ve

as a

bove

as

abo

ve

as a

bove

Acac

ia m

elan

oxyl

on.

35.8

7452

Seq

uatio

nLo

w c

ool t

empe

rate

148.

1265

17 E

(der

ived

from

eu

caly

pt fo

rest

.Ea

stin

g 60

1693

the

clos

est d

ata

Mat

ure

stan

d of

North

ing

6029

369

for t

he s

peci

es)

mul

tiple

age

/ si

zeco

horts

.

32 S

B 2

E. m

acro

rhyn

cha

/ Ba

go S

tate

For

est.

136

as a

bove

Al

lom

etric

as

abo

ve

as a

bove

as

abo

ve

as a

bove

Acac

ia m

elan

oxyl

on.

35.8

8223

Seq

uatio

n (d

eriv

ed

Low

coo

l tem

pera

te

148.

1097

17 E

from

the

clos

est

euca

lypt

fore

st. M

atur

eEa

stin

g 60

0167

data

for t

he s

peci

es)

stan

d of

mul

tiple

age

/No

rthin

g 60

2853

1si

ze c

ohor

ts.

33 B

L 1

E. b

icos

tata

/ Ba

go S

tate

For

est.

635

as a

bove

Al

lom

etric

as a

bove

as

abo

ve

as a

bove

as

abo

ve

E. ra

diat

a.Ta

ll co

ol35

.758

38 S

eq

uatio

n (d

eriv

edte

mpe

rate

euc

alyp

t 14

8.11

0317

Efro

m th

e cl

oses

tfo

rest

. Mat

ure

stan

dEa

stin

g 60

0377

data

for t

he s

peci

es)

of m

ultip

le a

ge /

North

ing

6042

268

size

coh

orts

.

34 B

L 2

E. b

icos

tata

/ Ba

go S

tate

For

est.

446

as a

bove

Al

lom

etric

as

abo

ve

as a

bove

as

abo

ve

as a

bove

E. ra

diat

a. T

all c

ool

35.7

5372

Seq

uatio

n (d

eriv

edte

mpe

rate

euc

alyp

t14

8.09

2933

Efro

m th

e cl

oses

tfo

rest

. Mat

ure

stan

d Ea

stin

g 59

8811

data

for t

he s

peci

es)

of m

ultip

le a

ge /

North

ing

6042

803

size

coh

orts

.



35

E. o

bliq

ua.

Pict

on v

alle

y87

6Al

lom

etric

Al

lom

etric

1

x 0.

2 ha

plo

tKe

ith H

. 199

9 1)

Loc

atio

n:

Othe

r dat

a Ta

s w

et

Tall

cool

tem

pera

tein

SW

Tas

man

ia.

equa

tion

and

equa

tion

Gene

ralis

ed

Posi

tion

of p

lots

avai

labl

e at

hi

gheu

caly

pt fo

rest

. Ea

stin

g 47

5940

inve

ntor

y da

ta

(site

spe

cific

)al

lom

etric

equ

atio

ns

is a

ccur

atel

y th

e si

te:

Mat

ure

stan

dsNo

rthin

gco

llect

ed in

fo

r est

imat

ing

loca

ted

on

1) S

oil a

naly

ses

of m

ultip

le a

ge /

5215

940

1998

. Cou

pes

the

abov

e-to

pogr

aphi

c an

dan

d 2)

Inve

ntor

y si

ze c

ohor

ts. F

ertil

eha

rves

ted

in

grou

nd b

iom

ass

of

com

partm

ent

data

.do

lerit

ic s

oils

.19

98.

Aust

ralia

’s fo

rest

s:

map

s. 2

) Are

aSy

nthe

sis

of re

sults

estim

ate:

Plo

tfro

m d

estru

ctiv

e co

vers

fore

st

harv

estin

g of

re

pres

enta

tive

of

Euca

lypt

us o

bliq

ua>1

ha.

3) M

atur

ity:

in N

SW a

nd

The

fore

st s

tand

isTa

sman

ia.

cons

ider

ed

‘mat

ure’

, with

afu

lly s

tock

ed,

mul

tiple

-age

dst

and.

Rege

nera

tion

has

occu

rred

follo

win

gse

lect

ive

harv

estin

gan

d so

me

wild

fires

.

36

E. o

bliq

ua.

Arve

Val

ley

in

883

1 x

0.2

ha p

lot

1) L

ocat

ion:

Ta

s w

et

Tall

cool

tem

pera

teSW

Tas

man

ia.

Posi

tion

of p

lots

hi

gheu

caly

pt fo

rest

.Ea

stin

g 48

5290

is a

ccur

atel

y lo

cate

d M

atur

e st

ands

of

North

ing

on to

pogr

aphi

c an

d m

ultip

le a

ge /

size

52

2829

0co

mpa

rtmen

t map

s.

coho

rts. F

ertil

e 2)

Are

a es

timat

e:

dole

ritic

soi

ls.

Plot

cov

ers

fore

st

repr

esen

tativ

e of

>1

ha.

3) M

atur

ity: T

he fo

rest

st

and

is ‘o

ld g

row

th’,

with

a

fully

sto

cked

, mul

tiple

-ag

ed s

tand

.

37

E. o

bliq

ua.

Arve

val

ley

in80

Allo

met

ric

Allo

met

ric

1 x

0.1

ha p

lot

as a

bove

1)

Loc

atio

n: P

ositi

on

as a

bove

Tas

wet

Ta

ll co

ol

SW T

asm

ania

. eq

uatio

neq

uatio

nof

plo

ts is

acc

urat

ely

low

tem

pera

teEa

stin

g 48

6400

and

inve

ntor

y (s

ite s

peci

fic)

loca

ted

on to

pogr

aphi

ceu

caly

pt fo

rest

. No

rthin

gda

ta c

olle

cted

an

d co

mpa

rtmen

tM

atur

e st

ands

of

5224

500

in 1

998.

map

s. 2

) Are

a es

timat

e:

mul

tiple

age

/ si

ze

Plot

cov

ers

fore

stco

horts

. Soi

ls o

f re

pres

enta

tive

of

low

ferti

lity

onst

rips

arou

nd th

esa

ndst

one.

edge

of s

wam

ps

that

may

be

<100

m

wid

e. 3

) Mat

urity

: Th

e fo

rest

sta

nd is

co

nsid

ered

‘mat

ure’

, w

ith a

fully

sto

cked

, m

ultip

le-a

ged

stan

d.

Site

Desc

riptio

n Lo

catio

nBi

omas

s Ye

ar w

hen

Met

hod

of

Area

Est

imat

e Ro

ot b

iom

ass

Data

sou

rce

Relia

bilit

yCo

mm

ents

(veg

etat

ion,

soi

l)(t/

ha,

biom

ass

Calc

ulat

ion

and

Basi

s or

root

:sho

ot

(Ref

No.

,(A

GO C

riter

ia)

varia

nce)

estim

ated

(Allo

met

ric,

(ha,

plo

ts e

tc)

(t/ha

, ~R/

S)un

publ

ishe

d)ex

pans

ion

fact

or, e

tc)

38

E. o

bliq

ua.

Talla

gand

a St

ate

497

as a

bove

as

abo

ve

3 x

0.04

ha

plot

sas

abo

ve1)

Loc

atio

n: P

ositi

on

as a

bove

NS

W

Med

ium

tem

pera

teFo

rest

, NSW

.of

plo

ts is

acc

urat

ely

dry

high

euca

lypt

fore

st.

149

36’ 2

1” E

loca

ted

on to

pogr

aphi

c M

atur

e st

ands

of

35 3

0’ 3

7” S

and

com

partm

ent m

aps.

mul

tiple

age

/ si

ze2)

Are

a es

timat

e: P

lot

coho

rts. S

oils

of

cove

rs fo

rest

m

oder

ate

- hig

hre

pres

enta

tive

of >

1 ha

ferti

lity

on ig

neou

s3)

Mat

urity

: The

fore

stpa

rent

mat

eria

l.st

and

is c

onsi

dere

d‘m

atur

e’, w

ith a

fully

st

ocke

d, m

ultip

le-a

ged

stan

d. R

egen

erat

ion

has

occu

rred

follo

win

g se

lect

ive

harv

estin

g an

d so

me

wild

fires

.

39

E. o

bliq

ua.

Bend

oura

Sta

te49

3as

abo

ve

as a

bove

3

x 0.

04 h

a pl

ots

as a

bove

1)

Loc

atio

n: P

ositi

on

as a

bove

NSW

M

ediu

m te

mpe

rate

Fore

st, N

SW.

of p

lots

is a

ccur

atel

ydr

y lo

weu

caly

pt fo

rest

. Mat

ure

149

41’ 0

7” E

loca

ted

on to

pogr

aphi

cst

ands

of m

ultip

le

35 3

7’ 2

2” S

map

s. 2

) Are

a es

timat

e:ag

e / s

ize c

ohor

ts.

Plot

cov

ers

fore

st

Soils

of l

ow fe

rtilit

yre

pres

enta

tive

of >

1 ha

.on

sed

imen

tary

3)

Mat

urity

: The

fore

st

pare

nt m

ater

ial.

stan

d is

con

side

red

‘mat

ure’

, with

a fu

lly

stoc

ked,

mul

tiple

-age

d st

and.

Reg

ener

atio

n ha

s oc

curr

ed fo

llow

ing

som

e w

ildfir

es.

Note

s:1)

All s

ites

coul

d be

loca

ted

agai

n in

the

field

and

are

acc

urat

ely

loca

ted

on to

pogr

aphi

c m

aps.

GPS

loca

tions

cou

ld b

e ob

tain

ed.

2)Va

rianc

e ca

n be

cal

cula

ted

for t

hese

bio

mas

s es

timat

es in

two

way

s: (1

) rep

licat

ed p

lots

at a

site

, how

ever

, the

re a

re fe

w e

xam

ples

whe

re th

ese

data

exi

st, o

r (2)

the

erro

r due

to p

redi

ctio

n us

ing

an

allo

met

ric e

quat

ion

for i

ndiv

idua

l tre

es w

ithin

a p

lot;

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3. WOODLAND DATA FROM QUEENSLAND

These notes have been extracted from: Growth andcarbon stock change in eucalypt woodlands in north-east Australia: ecological and greenhouse sinkimplications, W.H. Burrows, B.K. Henry, P.V. Back,M.B. Hoffmann, L.J. Tait, E.R. Anderson, N. Menke,T. Danaher, J.O. Carter and G.M. McKeon (2002).Global Change Biology 8, 769-784.

3.1 MATERIALS AND METHODS

3.1.1 Permanent monitoring plots

Data on vegetation structure and growth in thisstudy are from the Queensland Department ofPrimary Industries’ network of permanentvegetation monitoring sites established withingrazed woodland communities since 1982. A largenumber of different operators (>10) have beenresponsible for site selection over the years, avoidingareas close to obvious points of ongoing disturbancesuch as fences, yards and watering points. The siteswere not randomly selected in a statistical sense, but have been progressively established on rurallandholdings to provide a broad cover of vegetationcommunity and prehistory, dominant species andgeographical location across Queensland’s grazedwoodlands.

Woody plant composition and structure on thesesites were determined using the transect recordingand processing system (TRAPS) methodology (Back et al. 1997; 1999) for monitoring permanentlypositioned transect lines within representative standsof woodlands (Burrows et al. 2000). A standard sitecomprised five parallel belt transects 100 m longarranged along a north-south axis 25 m apart. Each transect set was contained within a minimum300 m x 300 m buffer of similar vegetation. Stemcircumference at 30 cm above-ground and heightwere measured for all live and dead woody plants(but see later) within a 2 m band either side of thetransect line, at each successive recording.

3.1.2 Site representativeness

Fifty seven TRAPS sites dominated by Eucalyptus

and/or Corymbia spp. were selected for analysis of woody vegetation growth and carbon stockchange. Selection was based on field inspection and information supplied by landholders so as toexclude sites subject to tree clearing activity duringthe period of observation and sites regrowing fromtree clearing within the previous 20 years.

The study area was delimited to the north by 17 degrees south latitude, and to the west by either141 degrees longitude, or the 450 mm rainfallisohyet, whichever was further east. The extent ofeucalypt woodlands within this area was defined byfirstly determining the historic coverage of eucalyptdominant woodlands from the Carnahan (1976) mapof subjectively estimated pre-European vegetationcover and then assessing the current area from thewoody vegetation cover in 1997, as mapped fromsatellite imagery (Department of Natural Resources1999).

The representativeness of the subset of 57 TRAPSsites in the present study was assessed in relation to a) rainfall; b) temperature; c) soils; and d) standbasal area based on the approach of Austin &Meyers (1996) for assessing the distribution of study plots in both environmental (defined by temperature, rainfall and lithology) andgeographical space, for evidence of spatial bias insampling. Environmental representativeness wasassessed using an approach similar to commonstratification techniques for vegetation resourcesurveys (for example, Thackway & Cresswell 1992)based on the attributes of rainfall and temperature of the wettest quarter, and soil texture classes.Temperature and rainfall data were also used toassess how well the 57 sites represented spatialvariation in the interaction of these environmentalparameters.

Climatic variables were derived from the ANUCLIMmodule which utilises topographic data to obtainclimatic interpolations of high resolution (McMahon


et al. 1996) and soil classification was from the Atlasof Australian Soils (Northcote et al. 1960-1968).Frequency distributions of average rainfall andtemperature and of soil classes for the eucalyptwoodlands of the study area, obtained by extractingthe variable values at the intersections of a 5 kmgrid, were compared qualitatively and by χ2 testwith those for the TRAPS sites. To assess therepresentativeness of the interaction of temperatureand rainfall, averaged data for the study area andTRAPS sites were classified into discrete classes of 1oC and 50 mm increments. All areas withenvironmental conditions represented by at least one TRAPS site were mapped and the proportion of eucalypt woodlands sampled was determined.

The representativeness in terms of tree basal areawas assessed by comparing the stand basal area atthe TRAPS sites with values measured using acombination of remote sensing and site data in theStatewide Landcover and Trees Study (SLATS)project (Danaher et al., 1992). The tree (or woody)basal area frequency distribution had beencalculated from a raster of woody vegetation cover(foliage projective cover) from Landsat TM (30 mresolution) data using a relationship derived byKuhnell et al. (1998). This relationship applies onlyto mature stands of vegetation and therefore was not applied to areas mapped as young regrowth.Kuhnell et al. (1998) estimated stand basal area atbreast height (approximately 130 cm above-ground)whereas basal area at the TRAPS sites was measuredat 30 cm. To enable comparison of the two datasets arelationship between circumference (mm) at 30 cmand at 130 cm above-ground level was developedbased on circumference (C) at the two heightsmeasured on 54 eucalypt trees (3 species) harvestedfor biomass measurement (Burrows et al. 2000), C130 cm = 0.789 C30 cm (r2 through the origin = 0.89).

3.1.3 Representativeness of the climate history

To determine how well the TRAPS measurementperiods represented the available climate history, therainfall for each observation period at each site was

compared to the long-term rainfall records for thatsite. Rainfall for 1889 to 2000 (SILO database 2000 -see Jeffrey et al. 2001) for individual TRAPS sites was subdivided into observation records (movingwindows) corresponding to the same calendar startday and duration of individual observation periods.This ensured the same sequence of seasons wascompared throughout the climatic record. Rainfallduring the TRAPS observation period, expressed as a percentile of rainfall in all moving windows(Kendall & Buckland 1971) gave the rainfall for each site ranked in relationship to all availableobservations. The frequency of ranked sitepercentiles thus summarises the relativedryness/wetness during the observation period,allowing comparison between sites.

3.1.4 Stand structure

Eucalyptus and/or Corymbia spp. plants alive at theinitial and final recording of each site were groupedinto 200 mm circumference classes (0 - 200, 200 - 400,…… 3600 - 3800 mm) to examine the size classdistribution and interpret stand growth status. Basal area in each class was calculated andconverted to carbon biomass as described below.There was a wide diversity of size class distributionsamongst the 57 sites and statistical methods wereused to select examples for illustration. Sites werefirstly characterised using variables such as standprehistory together with measures of standarddeviation, skewness and kurtosis. Divisive Clusteranalysis (Mathsoft, 1997) was used to group the sites and the stand structure of a representativeindividual site from each of the eight largest groupswas subjectively selected for display.

3.1.5 Tree basal area

Tree basal area at each site was calculated from thecircumference at 30 cm for the live and standingdead pools shown. The two major groups of woody plants, eucalypts and non-eucalypts, wererecorded separately. Circumference measurements of all live woody plants at each observation enabledbasal area to be calculated for those plants live at


both initial and final recordings, plants live at the initial recording but which died during theobservation period, and plants which establishedduring the observation period (ingrowth). Standingdead woody plants were measured at the finalrecording enabling calculation of basal area forplants that died during the observation period andplants that were dead also at the initial observation(see later). The position of standing dead trees wasrecorded at the initial observation, but circumferencewas not measured. Coarse woody debris was notmeasured in this study. A small minority of plantsthat both established and died between the initialand final

1recordings was ignored. The mean tree

basal area increment (m2 ha-1 y-1) for all live treespresent at both initial and final recordings wasdetermined as the average across all sites andobservation periods. This increment was alsoexpressed as the mean percentage of the originalbasal area of live trees in each stand.

3.1.6 Live above-ground biomass

The procedure for calculating live biomass fromstem circumference used in this analysis is a furtherdevelopment of the procedure described by Burrowset al. (2000) and outlined here in points 1 to 4.

1. Woodland stands within the same area asused in the present study were selected torepresent three dominant species (Eucalyptus

crebra, E. melanophloia, E. populnea).

2. The above- and below-ground biomass of 20-40 plants of each species was measured and used to derive tree species allometricequations (Table 2, Burrows et al. 2000) and ageneralised eucalypt equation (Fig. 1, Burrowset al. 2000).

3. Specific or generalised equations for above-ground biomass were applied to individualeucalypt trees for 33 TRAPS sites whereeucalypts contributed >75% of stand basalarea. If the basal area of any individualeucalypt was greater than that of the largest

tree used in developing the above equationsthen the biomass was set to the maximumbiomass of trees measured in developing theequations.

4. Total above-ground biomass of the eucalyptcomponent of the stand was calculated andregressed on stand eucalypt live tree basal area(Fig. 3, Burrows et al. 2000) suggesting thatstand biomass could be simply estimated fromstand live tree basal area for the eucalypts.

The following additional steps were taken to extendthis calculation procedure to other stands and othercomponents of eucalypt stands:

5. Step 3 was repeated for an additional 24TRAPS sites with eucalypt compositiongreater than 50% and a new relationshipbetween stand live above-ground biomass and eucalypt basal area established.

6. The relationship derived in Step 5 wasapplied to total stand live tree basal areaassuming that the biomass density (t drymatter per m2 stand basal area) of eucalypttrees holds also for non-eucalypts. Theappropriateness of this assumption isdiscussed later.

3.1.7 Above-ground biomass of standing dead trees

A decay function for standing dead E. populnea treeswas derived in 1997 for a site in the Dingo region of central Queensland that had reliable records ofindividual trees ringbarked (girdled) or killed bychemical injection between 1933 and 1987 (Burrows,unpublished data). Standing dead trees (with nobark remaining) contributing to this function wereharvested and weighed. Correction factors derivedfrom harvesting tree fractions used to deriveallometrics (Burrows et al. 2000) enabled over barkcircumference at time of tree death, and hence finallive weight, to be estimated. For decay periods lessthan 64 years, the biomass change can be derivedfrom:

1The most recent observation is referred to as the ‘final’ observation for purposes of this paper.


y = 24.4 + 75.6 e -0.14x (r2 = 0.99, p <0.001) (1),

where y = % of original live standing above-groundbiomass remaining; x = time in years since treedeath; n = 14.

The relationship was not extrapolated beyond theequivalent time range over which it was derived.

For trees that died during the observation period,the biomass at the initial recording was calculatedfrom basal area using the generalised biomass tobasal area conversion derived as above. Since thetime of death within the observation period was not known, death was assumed to have occurredimmediately following the first measurement and the decay function (1) used to estimate theproportion of the initial biomass remaining at thefinal observation. This assumption of maximumdecay period, gave a conservative estimate of thefinal biomass.

3.1.8 Estimation of the biomass of trees dead at the initial recording

Standing trees that were dead at the initial recordingwere measured only at the final observation. Thesedead plants were mostly trunks with a few largelateral branches but with no small branches, leavesor bark remaining. We estimated that such deadtrees on the TRAPS sites had been dead for anaverage of 20 years before the initial recording,based on our field observations of dead trees ofknown age. The same procedure used to derive theabove decay function enabled conversion of stemcircumferences of standing dead trunks, measuredfree of bark, to the original over bark circumference.

The generalised biomass to basal area relationshipdescribed previously was divided by the mean ratioof standing biomass to trunk mass for woodlandeucalypt trees (Burrows et al. 2000) to give aconversion factor for the basal area (corrected toover bark) to biomass of trunk of standing dead. The derived trunk mass was assumed toapproximate the standing dead tree mass at the final recording (t2). The biomass of standing dead

at the initial recording date (t1) was estimated using the above decay function (1):

Biomass remaining at initial observation, t1

(20 years since death),

Biomass at final observation, t2

Thus, (2)

where t1 = 20 years; t2 = 20 + (years between initialand final recording); B0 = biomass at time of death; = standing dead biomass at t1; = standing deadbiomass at t2. Maximum time (t2) since estimateddeath for standing dead trees on the oldestestablished TRAPS site was 38 years – well withinthe time range of the derived decay function.

REFERENCESAustin, M.P., Meyers, & J.A. (1996) Currentapproaches to modelling the environmental niche ofeucalypts: implication for management of forestbiodiversity. Forest Ecology and Management, 85, 95-106.

Back, P.V., Anderson, E.R., Burrows, W.H., Kennedy,M.K.K. & Carter, J.O. (1997) TRAPS - transect

recording and processing system: field guide and software

manual. Queensland Department of PrimaryIndustries, Rockhampton, 36 pp.

Back, P.V., Burrows, W.H. & Hoffmann, M.B. (1999)TRAPS: a method for monitoring the dynamics oftrees and shrubs in rangelands. Proceedings VIth

International Rangeland Congress, 2, 742-744.

Bt1= ––— (24.4 + 75.6e -0.14t1)100

B0

Bt2= ––— (24.4 + 75.6e -0.14t2)100

B0

Bt1= Bt2

––——————— ,24.4 + 75.6e -0.14t1

24.4 + 75.6e -0.14t2


Burrows, W.H., Hoffmann, M.B., Compton, J.F., Back,P.V. & Tait, L.J. (2000) Allometric relationships andcommunity biomass estimates for some dominanteucalypts in Central Queensland woodlands.Australian Journal of Botany, 48, 707-714.

Carnahan, J.A. (1976) Natural Vegetation, Map withaccompanying booklet commentary. In: Atlas of

Australian Resources. Second Series, Department ofNational Resources, Canberra.

Danaher, T., Carter, J.O., Brook, K.D. & Dudgeon, G.(1992) Broadscale vegetation mapping using NOAAAVHRR imagery. In Proceedings of the 6th Australasian

Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry Conference,

2-6 November 1992, Wellington, New Zealand, Vol.3, pp.128-137.

Department of Natural Resources (1999) Land Cover Change in Queensland 1995-1997, A StatewideLandcover and Trees Study (SLATS) report, August1999. http://www.dnr.qld.gov.au/slats

Jeffrey, S.J., Carter, J.O., Moodie, K.B. & Beswick,A.R. (2001) Using spatial interpolation to construct acomprehensive archive of Australian climate data.Journal of Environmental Modelling and Software, 16,309-330.

Kendall, M.G. & Buckland, W.R. (1971) A dictionaryof statistical terms / prepared for the InternationalStatistical Institute 3rd ed. revised and enlarged.Published for the International Statistical Institute by Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh.

Kuhnell, C., Goulevitch, B., Danaher, T. & Harris, D.(1998) Mapping woody vegetation cover over theState of Queensland using Landsat TM imagery. In: Proceedings of the 9th Australasian Remote Sensing

and Photogrammetry Conference, Sydney, Australia,July 1998.

McMahon, J.P., Hutchinson, M.F., Nix, H.A. & Ord, K.D. (1996) ANUCLIM Version 1 User’s Guide. ANU CRES, Canberra.http://cres.anu.edu.au/outputs/software.html

Mathsoft (1997) S-PLUS User’s Guide Data AnalysisProducts Division, Mathsoft, Seattle.

Northcote, K.H., Beckman, G.G. & Bettenay, E. et al.

(1960-1968) Atlas of Australian Soils, Sheets 1 to 10

with explanatory data. CSIRO and MelbourneUniversity Press, Melbourne.

Thackway, R. & Cresswell, I.D. (1992) Environmental

regionalisations of Australia : a user-oriented approach.

Environmental Resources Information Network,Canberra.


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.51a

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blis

hed

39E.

mel

anop

hloi

aDy

3.22

25o 1’

150o 47

’52

.26

14.7

1Al

lom

etric

0.00

3.09

1999

ha, p

lots

13.5

9aUn

publ

ishe

d

40E.

mol

ucca

naDy

3.41

23o 41

’15

1o 1’20

0.81

31.4

9Al

lom

etric

0.00

11.0

819

99ha

, plo

ts52

.21a

Unpu

blis

hed

41E.

cre

bra

Dy3.

4225

o 8’15

0o 45’

129.

2122

.14

Allo

met

ric0.

189.

7519

99ha

, plo

ts33

.60a

Unpu

blis

hed

42E.

org

adop

hila

Ug5.

124

o 8’14

8o 7’30

.03

7.90

Allo

met

ric21

.45

4.92

2000

ha, p

lots

7.81

aUn

publ

ishe

d

43C.

ery

thro

phlo

iaDr

2.12

20o 19

’14

6o 47’

21.7

15.

26Al

lom

etric

1.18

9.79

1998

ha, p

lots

5.64

aUn

publ

ishe

d

44C.

ery

thro

phlo

iaDr

2.12

20o 19

’14

6o 47’

10.7

14.

71Al

lom

etric

0.50

4.85

1998

ha, p

lots

2.78

aUn

publ

ishe

d

45E.

mel

anop

hloi

aGn

2.12

23o 45

’14

6o 2’51

.33

10.7

3Al

lom

etric

1.99

4.48

1999

ha, p

lots

13.3

5bUn

publ

ishe

d

46E.

mel

anop

hloi

aDy

5.41

25o 19

’14

8o 01’

61.3

710

.37

Allo

met

ric25

.44

2.26

2000

ha, p

lots

15.9

6aUn

publ

ishe

d

47E

sim

ilis

Gn2.

1222

o 25’

145o 31

’23

.93

6.00

Allo

met

ric5.

264.

4419

99ha

, plo

ts6.

22a

Unpu

blis

hed

48E.

pop

ulne

aGn

2.22

23o 33

’14

5o 50’

57.6

011

.89

Allo

met

ric10

.60

4.04

1999

ha, p

lots

14.9

8aUn

publ

ishe

d

49E.

pap

uana

Uc5.

1123

o 46’

145o 14

’26

.77

5.52

Allo

met

ric4.

181.

6319

99ha

, plo

ts6.

96a

Unpu

blis

hed

50E.

cre

bra

Gn2.

1123

o 41’

149o 31

’10

8.19

31.9

0Al

lom

etric

21.9

25.

2919

99ha

, plo

ts28

.13a

Unpu

blis

hed

51E.

mel

anop

hloi

aGn

2.11

23o 40

’14

9o 30’

115.

5614

.53

Allo

met

ric1.

814.

9919

98ha

, plo

ts30

.05a

Unpu

blis

hed

52E.

mol

ucca

naGn

2.11

23o 41

’14

9o 32’

85.9

031

.07

Allo

met

ric10

.40

16.5

319

99ha

, plo

ts22

.33a

Unpu

blis

hed

53E.

bro

wni

iDr

2.12

22o 22

’14

6o 41’

48.3

317

.10

Allo

met

ric1.

2915

.46

2000

ha, p

lots

12.5

6aUn

publ

ishe

d

54E.

pop

ulne

aDy

2.43

23o 38

’14

9o 25’

38.3

710

.28

Allo

met

ric3.

955.

4119

98ha

, plo

ts9.

98a

Unpu

blis

hed

55E.

pop

ulne

aDy

2.43

23o 37

’14

9o 25’

70.8

110

.22

Allo

met

ric13

.46

1.41

1998

ha, p

lots

18.4

1bUn

publ

ishe

d

56E.

pop

ulne

aDy

2.43

23o 36

’14

9o 26’

55.6

111

.67

Allo

met

ric12

.19

5.07

1998

ha, p

lots

14.4

6aUn

publ

ishe

d

57E.

pop

ulne

aGn

2.12

27o 38

’14

8o 52’

90.2

214

.72

Allo

met

ric17

.09

8.12

2000

ha, p

lots

23.4

6aUn

publ

ishe

d

*Pl

ot a

rea

100

m x

100

m -

sam

pled

with

5 b

elt tr

anse

cts

100

m x

4 m

.**

Calcu

lated

by

stan

d all

omet

rics

***

Tota

l of d

ead

Euca

lyptu

s an

d Ot

her s

pp.

aDa

ta b

ased

on

mea

n va

lues

as

dete

rmin

ed b

y Bu

rrow

s et

al.

(200

0).

bDa

ta b

ased

on

actu

al m

easu

rem

ents

(see

Bur

row

set

al.

(200

0).


4. SHRUBLAND, WOODLAND AND FORESTDATA FROM WESTERN AUSTRALIA

The following analysis of above-ground biomassand its C content for the shrubland and woodlandcommunities in the Pilbara encompassed:

• Field work at 35 sites within an area coveringmore than 60,000 km2.

• Dimensional analysis of >2300 trees andshrubs and >100 analyses of the physicaldimensions of tussock and hummock grasses.

• Harvesting and destructive sampling (fordimensions and mass) of >200 trees andshrubs and >60 grass hummocks / tussocks.

• Gravimetric analysis of >5000 plant samples.

• Statistically rigorous (the number of sub-plots,n, varied between 3 and 11) measures ofbiomass and C content for 27 sites.

The projected area of the canopy of trees and shrubs,as well as the area occupied by the tussocks orhummocks of the major grasses, provided robust,independent variables for the estimation of biomassof individual plants (explaining up to 97% of thevariation in mass). In many instances, canopy areaprovided a better estimation of mass than the moretraditionally used DBHOB for trees or basaldiameter for shrubs. This finding suggests potentialto use remote sensing to estimate biomass and Ccontent of vegetation.

The C content of above-ground biomass varied from as little as 0.5 t ha-1 to just over 25 t ha-1. The majority of study sites contained less than 5 t ha-1. Dense stands of Mulga (Acacia aneura)associated with the deepest soils (e.g. Mulga‘groves’) and/or the major rivers (e.g. Fortescue -floodplains) contained the most biomass C in thePilbara, followed by examples of Snappy gum(Eucalyptus leucophloia) tree-steppe (between 10 and17 t ha-1). However, even these vegetation ‘types’showed high spatial variation with <2 t ha-1

recorded for several stands of Mulga.

Spinifex (Triodia spp.) contributed a high proportionof above-ground biomass at many sites containing up to 7 t C ha-1 but more typically around 2 t C ha-1.Buffel grass (Cenchrus spp.), a major component ofthe vegetation on the floodplains at Ethel CreekStation, always contained <2 t C ha-1.

The data collected suggest that for the Pilbara and elsewhere in Australia, arid and semi-aridcommunities contain considerably less C than has been estimated from ‘international’ models. The reasons for this are probably high temperaturesand low rainfall coupled in many instances withsoils having poor physical properties.

This study has highlighted several features of thePilbara vegetation. First, above-ground biomass andits C content are generally far less than ‘default’values ascribed by the Intergovernmental Panel onClimate Change (IPCC) and used in the past by theAGO. Secondly, the ‘carbon density’ varies stronglyaccording to the vegetation type (e.g. grasslandswith few trees or shrubs contain often <1 t C ha-1

whilst nearby groves of Mulga may contain ~15 t C ha-1) and also to the availability of water to the vegetation. It should be noted that by far the largest areas of the Pilbara are dominated byspinifex with scattered shrubs, usually acacias. This vegetation ‘type’ will nearly always contain <5 t C ha-1 in the above-ground biomass.

Details for specific ecosystems are contained in the following table.

REFERENCESAdams, M.A., Grierson, P.F., Bussau, A. & Dorling,K. (2001). Biomass and carbon in vegetation of thePilbara region, Western Australia. Final reportsubmitted to Hamersley Iron, BHP and Robe, July2001. Ecosystems Research Group, The University of Western Australia, Crawley. 118 pp.

Ingram, L.J. (2001). Growth, nutrient cycling andgrazing of three perennial tussock grasses of thePilbara region of NW Australia. PhD Thesis,

The University of Western Australia.


Grierson, P.F. & Adams, M.A. (2002). Temporal andspatial variations in biomass and 13C of fine roots ina jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata (Donn ex Sm)) forest in south-western Australia. Oecologia (submitted)


Site

Desc

riptio

n Lo

catio

nIn

divi

dual

Bi

omas

sYe

ar

Met

hod

of C

alcu

latio

nAr

ea E

stim

ate

Root

bio

mas

sDa

ta s

ourc

e Re

liabi

lity

Com

men

tsAr

ea in

the

(veg

etat

ion,

soi

l)si

tes

(t/ha

) (t/

ha, S

E)

whe

n(A

llom

etric

, exp

ansi

onan

d Ba

sis

(ha,

plo

ts e

tc)

or ro

ot:s

hoot

(R

ef, u

npub

lishe

d)(A

GO

Pilb

ara

note

: bi

omas

set

c)(t/

ha, ~

R/S)

Crite

ria)

regi

on o

f ab

ove-

grou

nd

estim

ated

this

biom

ass

vege

tatio

n fa

ctor

ty

pe (h

a x

ONLY

1000

)

1“P

eren

nial

gra

ssla

nds

- tus

sock

n=

122.

19 (.

714)

1996

/97

Allo

met

rics

deriv

ed fo

r Pe

renn

ial a

nd e

phem

eral

M

ean

root

In

gram

, L.J

. 200

1.gr

ass

(Ast

rebl

a, T

hem

eda,

ea

ch s

peci

es, i

nclu

ding

pl

ant b

iom

ass,

as

wel

l as

biom

ass

acro

ss

PhD

thes

is, U

WA.

Erag

rost

issp

ecie

s). S

oil

cove

r/bio

mas

s re

latio

nshi

pslit

terfa

ll, w

ere

sam

pled

al

l site

s, a

ll cl

assi

ficat

ion1

Ug

5.38

Ug

5.36

an

d by

des

truct

ive

sam

plin

g.fro

m b

oth

ungr

azed

sp

ecie

s, a

llUg

5.3

8(1

ha,

fenc

ed to

exc

lude

sam

plin

gSo

il de

scrip

tions

: fin

ely

text

ured

, ca

ttle

and

kang

aroo

s)

perio

dscr

acki

ng c

lays

; uni

form

text

ure;

an

d gr

azed

(1 h

a, o

pen

1.13

8, .3

63no

n-ca

lcar

eous

fine

ly te

xtur

ed,

to g

razin

g) p

lots

for t

hecr

acki

ng c

lays

; uni

form

text

ure;

pe

renn

ial t

usso

ck g

rass

eshi

ghly

cal

care

ous;

und

erly

ing

A. p

ectin

ata,

T. t

riand

ra

calc

rete

dep

osits

fine

ly te

xtur

ed,

and

E. x

erop

hila

crac

king

cla

ys; u

nifo

rm te

xtur

e;

calc

areo

us a

t dep

th”.

A. p

ectin

ata

graz

ed

22°

17.5

8 S

/1.

665

1996

/97

117°

41.2

0 E

A. p

ectin

ata

ungr

azed

22

°17

.58

S /

1.85

1996

/97

117°

41.2

0 E

T. tr

iand

ra g

raze

d 22

°17

.58

S /

4.94

919

96/9

711

7°41

.20

E

T. tr

iand

raun

graz

ed

22°

17.5

8 S

/5.

378

1996

/97

117°

41.2

0 E

E. x

erop

hila

gra

zed

20°

53.0

9 S

/1.

782

1996

/97

116°

40.0

5 E

E. x

erop

hila

ung

raze

d20

°53

.09

S /

1.85

519

96/9

711

6°40

.05

E

2Pe

renn

ial g

rass

land

s -h

umm

ock

22°

57.4

37 S

/ 1.

064.

49,

2000

Allo

met

rics

deriv

ed fo

r all

E. le

ucop

hloi

aw

as n

otIn

suffi

cien

t dat

a Ad

ams,

M.A

., Gr

ierso

n, P

.F.,

4082

gras

s/sp

inife

x co

mm

uniti

es11

7°09

.529

E1.

71sp

ecie

s co

mbi

ned

with

quan

tifie

d at

this

site

to

pre

dict

with

Bu

ssau

, A. &

Dor

ling,

K.

(Trio

dia

spec

ies)

.Nor

th-fa

cing

slope

(S

E)si

te in

vent

ory

data

.be

caus

e it

was

ver

y co

nfid

ence

.(2

001)

Bio

mas

s an

dan

d ha

d ro

cky

skel

etal

soi

l with

sp

arse

(gre

ater

than

ca

rbon

in v

eget

atio

nso

me

rock

out

crop

s. D

omin

ant

100

m b

etw

een

trees

). of

the

Pilb

ara

regi

on,

spec

ies

wer

e Tr

iodi

a pu

ngen

s w

ith

Spin

ifex

plan

ts in

thre

e W

este

rn A

ustra

lia. F

inal

sc

atte

red

Euca

lypt

usle

ucop

hloi

a.

10 m

x 1

0 m

qua

drat

s w

ere

repo

rt su

bmitt

ed to

m

easu

red

for h

eigh

t and

Ha

mer

sley

Iron

, BHP

circ

umfe

renc

e. N

ine

and

Robe

, Jul

y 20

01.

hum

moc

ks o

f Trio

dia

Ecos

yste

ms

Rese

arch

pung

ens

wer

e ha

rves

ted

Grou

p, T

he U

nive

rsity

of

at th

is s

ite.

Wes

tern

Aus

tralia

, Cra

wle

y. 11

8 pp

.


Flat

san

dpla

in a

djac

ent t

o th

e 2°

51.1

84 S

/ 6.

0320

00Al

lom

etric

s de

rived

for a

ll Th

e co

ver o

f spi

nife

x w

as

Adam

s, M

.A. e

t al.

(200

1)

Forte

scue

floo

d pl

ain.

Sm

all

2120

°07

.835

Esp

ecie

s co

mbi

ned

with

mea

sure

d us

ing

seve

n pa

tche

s of

mix

ed s

hrub

s si

te in

vent

ory

data

.10

m x

10

m q

uadr

ats

(Aca

cia

spp.

) am

ong

a lo

cate

d ev

ery

50 m

sp

inife

x-do

min

ated

land

scap

e.al

ong

a 35

0 m

tran

sect

. Sp

inife

x sp

ecie

s in

clud

ed

Trio

dia

pung

ens

and

at le

ast

one

spec

ies

of “

hard

” Sp

inife

x.

Low

rolli

ng h

ills

with

sto

ny s

oil.

21°

41.2

18 S

/ 6.

3820

00Al

lom

etric

s de

rived

for a

llSh

rub

dens

ity w

as

Adam

s, M

.A. e

t al.

Acac

ia p

yrifo

lia g

rew

as

a sp

arse

11

6°19

.598

Esp

ecie

s co

mbi

ned

with

as

sess

ed u

sing

the

(200

1)

over

stor

ey o

ver d

ense

Trio

dia

sp.

site

inve

ntor

y da

ta.

plot

-less

met

hod

alon

g(K

anji

over

spi

nife

x).

a 25

0 m

tran

sect

, with

sa

mpl

ing

poin

ts a

t eve

ry

50 m

. Per

cent

cov

er w

as

estim

ated

alo

ng a

300

m

trans

ect w

ith s

ampl

ing

poin

ts

ever

y 50

m. C

over

of T

riodi

ain

10

x 1

0 m

plo

ts w

as e

stim

ated

in

depe

nden

tly b

y fiv

e pe

ople

an

d th

e av

erag

e es

timat

e re

cord

ed.

3Ac

acia

shru

blan

ds (i

nclu

ding

22

°43

.328

S /

2.81

2.61

, .39

2000

Allo

met

rics

deriv

ed fo

r all

Vege

tatio

n w

as a

sses

sed

Adam

s, M

.A. e

t al.

2908

9sh

rub

step

pe).

Und

ulat

ing

hills

, 11

7°49

.932

Esp

ecie

s co

mbi

ned

with

us

ing

a 10

0 m

tran

sect

(2

001)

w

ith fr

eque

nt ro

cky

outc

rops

and

si

te in

vent

ory

data

.w

ith o

ne 1

5 m

x 1

5 m

sk

elet

al s

oils

. Veg

etat

ion

was

qu

adra

t and

two

10 m

x 1

0 m

do

min

ated

by

a lo

w s

hrub

laye

r, qu

adra

ts. E

ight

A. m

aitla

ndii

alm

ost e

xclu

sive

ly A

caci

a m

aitla

ndii,

w

ere

harv

este

d.w

ith p

atch

y oc

curr

ence

of p

eren

nial

tu

ssoc

k gr

asse

s an

d Tr

iodi

a(p

roba

bly

T. w

isea

na).

Floo

dpla

in o

f the

For

tesc

ue R

iver

, 22

°53

.276

S /

2.46

2000

Allo

met

rics

deriv

ed fo

r all

A pl

ot-le

ss m

etho

d w

as

Adam

s, M

.A. e

t al.

whe

re s

oil p

rofil

es in

clud

ed d

eep

120°

09.5

38 E

spec

ies

com

bine

d w

ith

used

to a

sses

s ve

geta

tion

(200

1)

silts

, san

ds a

nd c

lays

. The

pla

nt

site

inve

ntor

y da

ta.

frequ

ency

and

cov

er w

ith

com

mun

ity c

onsi

sted

of s

pars

e 4

sam

plin

g po

ints

sep

arat

ed

trees

(Euc

alyp

tus

aspe

ra,

by 5

0 m

. Cov

er o

f Cen

chru

sE.

des

ertic

ola,

Hak

ea s

uber

ea

cilia

risw

as a

sses

sed

and

Acac

ia c

itrin

oviri

dis)

, shr

ubs

inde

pend

ently

in 1

0m x

10m

(A

caci

a vi

ctor

iae,

A. f

arne

sian

a,

plot

s ad

jace

nt to

eac

h of

the

Culle

n le

ucan

thum

) and

mix

ed

sam

plin

g po

ints

.tu

ssoc

k gr

ass

dom

inat

ed b

y Ce

nchr

us c

iliar

is (B

uffe

l gr

ass)

.


Site

Desc

riptio

n Lo

catio

nIn

divi

dual

Bi

omas

sYe

ar

Met

hod

of C

alcu

latio

nAr

ea E

stim

ate

Root

bio

mas

sDa

ta s

ourc

e Re

liabi

lity

Com

men

tsAr

ea in

the

(veg

etat

ion,

soi

l)si

tes

(t/ha

) (t/

ha, S

E)

whe

n(A

llom

etric

, exp

ansi

onan

d Ba

sis

(ha,

plo

ts e

tc)

or ro

ot:s

hoot

(R

ef, u

npub

lishe

d)(A

GO

Pilb

ara

note

: bi

omas

set

c)(t/

ha, ~

R/S)

Crite

ria)

regi

on o

f ab

ove-

grou

nd

estim

ated

this

biom

ass

vege

tatio

n fa

ctor

ty

pe (h

a x

ONLY

1000

)

Floo

dpla

in o

f the

For

tesc

ue R

iver

, 22

°55

.360

S /

1.46

2000

Allo

met

rics

deriv

ed fo

r all

Both

ass

essm

ent t

echn

ique

s Ad

ams,

M.A

. et a

l.so

ils w

ere

deep

san

dy lo

ams

and

120°

13.3

34 E

spec

ies

com

bine

d w

ith

wer

e us

ed a

t thi

s si

te -

thre

e(2

001)

sa

ndy-

clay

loam

s. V

eget

atio

n w

as

site

inve

ntor

y da

ta.

10 m

x 1

0 m

qua

drat

s w

ere

mix

ed s

hrub

s an

d gr

asse

s. S

enna

esta

blis

hed

alon

g a

150

m

arte

mis

ioid

es s

pp. o

ligop

hlla

and

trans

ect,

and

a th

e pl

ot-le

ss

Acac

ia v

icto

riae

wer

e th

e do

min

ant

tech

niqu

e w

as a

lso

empl

oyed

shru

bs, w

ith a

spa

rse

grou

ndco

ver

with

six

sam

plin

g po

ints

of

gra

sses

(pos

sibl

y Ar

istid

asp

) sp

aced

40

m a

part

alon

g a

and

forb

s.

240

m tr

anse

ct. C

over

of

Cenc

hrus

cili

aris

was

ass

esse

d in

10

m x

10

m p

lots

adj

acen

t to

each

of t

he s

ampl

ing

poin

ts.

Floo

dpla

in o

f the

For

tesc

ue R

iver

, 23

°55

.702

S /

2.1

2000

Allo

met

rics

deriv

ed fo

r all

Plan

t dim

ensi

ons

and

Adam

s, M

.A. e

t al.

soils

wer

e de

ep s

andy

loam

s an

d 12

0°11

.196

Esp

ecie

s co

mbi

ned

with

site

di

strib

utio

n w

ere

mea

sure

d (2

001)

sa

ndy-

clay

loam

s. D

omin

ant p

lant

s in

vent

ory

data

.us

ing

the

plot

-less

met

hod

wer

e Cu

llen

leuc

anth

um, A

caci

a w

ith 6

sam

plin

g po

ints

eve

ryvi

ctor

iae

and

Cenc

hrus

cili

aris

. 40

m. C

over

of C

ench

rus

cilia

risw

as a

sses

sed

in

10 m

x 1

0 m

plo

ts a

djac

ent

to e

ach

of th

e sa

mpl

ing

poin

ts.

Forte

scue

Riv

er fl

oodp

lain

, 23

°02

.879

S /

n/a

2000

Allo

met

rics

deriv

ed fo

r all

Vege

tatio

n w

as a

sses

sed

for

Adam

s, M

.A. e

t al.

allu

vial

loam

and

cla

y-lo

am

120°

09.4

80 E

spec

ies

com

bine

d w

ith s

itede

nsity

and

dim

ensi

ons

(200

1)

soils

. Dom

inan

t spe

cies

wer

e in

vent

ory

data

.us

ing

the

plot

-less

met

hod,

Ac

acia

ane

ura,

A. c

itrin

oviri

dis,

w

ithsi

x sa

mpl

ing

poin

ts

A. v

icto

riae,

Cul

len

leuc

anth

um

sepa

rate

d by

100

m. N

o an

d m

ixed

tuss

ock

gras

ses.

pl

ants

wer

e ha

rves

ted

at

Ther

e w

as e

vide

nce

of re

cent

th

is s

ite.

flood

ing

in th

is a

rea.

Low

er p

arts

of

the

land

scap

e ha

d de

ad p

lant

s (u

sual

ly S

enna

arte

mis

ioid

es s

pp.

olig

ophl

laan

d Ce

nchr

us c

iliar

is)

that

wer

e no

t inc

lude

d in

the

asse

ssm

ent.

Floo

dpla

in o

f Yan

dico

ogin

a 22

°39

.391

S /

2.54

2000

Allo

met

rics

deriv

ed fo

r all

Only

gra

ss c

over

(prim

arily

Ad

ams,

M.A

. et a

l.Cr

eek.

Soi

ls w

ere

allu

vial

, mai

nly

119°

26.6

75 E

spec

ies

com

bine

d w

ith s

iteCe

nchr

us c

iliar

is) w

as

(200

1)

sand

to fi

ne s

and

with

occ

asio

nal

inve

ntor

y da

ta.

estim

ated

alo

ng a

300

m

pebb

les

and

larg

er ro

cks.

The

tra

nsec

t with

sam

plin

g ve

geta

tion

cons

iste

d of

spa

rse

poin

ts e

very

50

m. C

over

in

woo

dlan

d ov

er m

ixed

tuss

ock

gras

s.

10 x

10

m p

lots

was

est

imat

ed

Dom

inan

t tre

es in

clud

ed B

lood

woo

d in

depe

nden

tly b

y fiv

e pe

ople

.(E

ucal

yptu

s de

serti

colia

), an

d Ha

kea

sube

ra.


Rela

tivel

y fla

t san

d pl

ain

adja

cent

21

°46

.672

S /

4.33

2000

Allo

met

rics

deriv

ed fo

r all

Shru

b de

nsity

was

ass

esse

d Ad

ams,

M.A

. et a

l.to

the

Forte

scue

Riv

er fl

ood

plai

n.

116°

39.8

77 E

spec

ies

com

bine

d w

ith s

iteus

ing

the

plot

-less

met

hod

(200

1)

Plan

t spe

cies

incl

uded

Aca

cia.

in

vent

ory

data

.al

ong

a 25

0 m

tran

sect

, py

rifol

ia, A

. bin

ervo

sa,

with

sam

plin

g po

ints

at

A. a

ncis

troca

rpa,

Hak

ea

ever

y 50

m. C

over

of T

riodi

asu

bere

a an

dSe

nna

glut

inos

a.

in 1

0 x

10 m

plo

ts w

as

inde

pend

ently

est

imat

ed b

y fiv

e pe

ople

.

4Sn

appy

gum

(Euc

alyp

tus

22°

21.6

90 S

/ 16

.86

19.8

1, 3

.65

2000

Allo

met

rics

deriv

ed fo

r all

Vege

tatio

n w

as a

sses

sed

Adam

s, M

.A. e

t al.

12,2

48le

ucop

hloi

aco

mm

uniti

es

117°

35.4

90 E

spec

ies

com

bine

d w

ith s

ite

alon

g a

trans

ect w

ith th

ree

(200

1)

(tree

-ste

ppe)

. Low

sto

ney

hills

in

vent

ory

data

.50

m x

50

m p

lots

at 1

00 m

with

ske

leta

l soi

l am

idst

rock

y in

terv

als.

Can

opy

dim

ensi

ons,

ou

tcro

ps. V

eget

atio

n in

clud

ed

heig

ht a

nd s

tem

dia

met

ers

at

10 s

peci

es o

f Aca

cia,

2 o

f 10

cm

of a

ll tre

es a

nd s

hrub

s Eu

caly

ptus

and

1 of

Sen

na.

wer

e m

easu

red.

Lar

ger t

rees

Tr

iodi

a w

isea

naw

as e

xten

sive

. w

ere

also

mea

sure

d fo

r ste

mEu

caly

ptus

leuc

ophl

oia

and

diam

eter

at c

row

n br

eak.

E. d

eser

ticol

aw

ere

spar

se,

whi

le A

caci

a pr

uino

carp

a,

A. o

rthoc

arpa

and

Senn

a gl

utin

osw

ere

rela

tivel

y co

mm

on a

nd in

pl

aces

form

ed a

low

can

opy.

Ridg

elin

e of

a s

outh

-faci

ng

22°

51.1

01 S

/ 26

.99

2000

Allo

met

rics

deriv

ed fo

r all

Tree

den

sity

of E

. leu

coph

loia

Ad

ams,

M.A

. et a

l.sl

ope

and

had

patc

hes

of

118°

37.3

41 E

spec

ies

com

bine

d w

ith s

itew

as e

stim

ated

usi

ng th

e pl

ot-le

ss

(200

1)sk

elet

al s

oil a

nd ro

cky

outc

rops

. in

vent

ory

data

.m

etho

d w

ith fi

ve s

ampl

ing

Dom

inan

t spe

cies

wer

e po

ints

sep

arat

ed b

y 10

0 m

. Eu

caly

ptus

leuc

ophl

oia

over

Co

ver o

f Trio

dia

spp.

was

Tr

iodi

a sp

p.as

sess

ed in

10

m x

10

m

plot

s ad

jace

nt to

eac

h of

the

sam

plin

g po

ints

. Fou

r bra

nche

s fro

m th

ree

E. le

ucop

hloi

aan

d fiv

e hu

mm

ocks

of T

riodi

asp

p.

wer

e ha

rves

ted

at th

is s

ite.

Undu

latin

g hi

lls a

nd h

ad

22°

14.5

41 S

/ 31

.38

2000

Allo

met

rics

deriv

ed fo

r all

Tree

den

sity

of E

. leu

coph

loia

Ad

ams,

M.A

. et a

l.ro

cky

skel

etal

soi

l with

11

7°57

.567

Esp

ecie

s co

mbi

ned

with

site

w

as e

stim

ated

usi

ng th

e pl

ot-le

ss(2

001)

so

me

rock

out

crop

s.

inve

ntor

y da

ta.

met

hod

with

five

sam

plin

g po

ints

Dom

inan

t spe

cies

wer

e se

para

ted

by 5

0 m

. Cov

er o

fEu

caly

ptus

leuc

ophl

oia

Trio

dia

spp.

was

ass

esse

d in

ov

er T

riodi

a sp

p.10

m x

10

m p

lots

adj

acen

t to

each

of

the

sam

plin

g po

ints

. Tw

o br

anch

es fr

om

two

E. le

ucop

hloi

aan

d th

ree

hum

moc

ks

of T

riodi

asp

p. w

ere

harv

este

d at

this

site

.

Mid

-way

up

Mt S

heila

22

°13

.738

S /

22.3

920

00Al

lom

etric

s de

rived

for a

ll Tr

ee d

ensi

ty o

f E. l

euco

phlo

iaw

as

Adam

s, M

.A. e

t al.

on a

sou

th-fa

cing

ridg

e 11

7°35

.817

Esp

ecie

s co

mbi

ned

with

site

es

timat

ed u

sing

the

plot

-less

met

hod

(200

1)w

ith ro

cky,

skel

etal

soi

l in

vent

ory

data

.w

ith fi

ve s

ampl

ing

poin

ts s

epar

ated

and

frequ

ent r

ock

outc

rops

. by

50

m. C

over

of T

riodi

asp

p. w

asDo

min

ant s

peci

es w

ere

asse

ssed

in 1

0m

x 1

0m

plo

tsEu

caly

ptus

leuc

ophl

oia

adja

cent

to e

ach

of th

e sa

mpl

ing

over

Trio

dia

spp.

po

ints

. Fou

r bra

nche

s fro

m tw

o di

ffere

nt E

. leu

coph

loia

wer

e ha

rves

ted

at th

is s

ite.


Site

Desc

riptio

n Lo

catio

nIn

divi

dual

Bi

omas

sYe

ar

Met

hod

of C

alcu

latio

nAr

ea E

stim

ate

Root

bio

mas

sDa

ta s

ourc

e Re

liabi

lity

Com

men

tsAr

ea in

the

(veg

etat

ion,

soi

l)si

tes

(t/ha

) (t/

ha, S

E)

whe

n(A

llom

etric

, exp

ansi

onan

d Ba

sis

(ha,

plo

ts e

tc)

or ro

ot:s

hoot

(R

ef, u

npub

lishe

d)(A

GO

Pilb

ara

note

: bi

omas

set

c)(t/

ha, ~

R/S)

Crite

ria)

regi

on o

f ab

ove-

grou

nd

estim

ated

this

biom

ass

vege

tatio

n fa

ctor

ty

pe (h

a x

ONLY

1000

)

Broa

d rid

ge in

the

north

-22

°51

.276

S /

6.71

2000

Allo

met

rics

deriv

ed fo

r all

Tree

den

sity

of E

. leu

coph

loia

Adam

s, M

.A. e

t al.

east

ern

foot

hills

of t

he

119°

15.7

14 E

spec

ies

com

bine

d w

ith s

itew

as e

stim

ated

usi

ng th

e (2

001)

Ham

ersl

ey R

ange

and

had

in

vent

ory

data

.pl

ot-le

ss m

etho

d w

ith 5

sk

elet

al s

oils

and

rock

sa

mpl

ing

poin

ts s

epar

ated

ou

tcro

ps. D

omin

ant s

peci

es

by 1

00 m

. Cov

er o

f Trio

dia

spp.

w

ere

Euca

lypt

us le

ucop

hloi

aw

as a

sses

sed

in 1

0 m

x 1

0 m

over

Trio

dia

spp.

Tre

e pl

ots

adja

cent

to e

ach

of th

ede

nsity

of E

. leu

coph

loia

was

sa

mpl

ing

poin

ts. N

o pl

ants

estim

ated

usi

ng th

e pl

ot-le

ss

wer

e ha

rves

ted

at th

is s

ite.

met

hod

with

5 s

ampl

ing

poin

ts

sepa

rate

d by

100

m. C

over

of

Trio

dia

spp.

was

ass

esse

d in

10

m x

10

m p

lots

adj

acen

t to

each

of t

he s

ampl

ing

poin

ts.

No p

lant

s w

ere

harv

este

d at

th

is s

ite.

Valle

y/go

rge

side

s be

twee

n tw

o 21

°42

.218

S /

14.5

420

00Al

lom

etric

s de

rived

for a

ll Tr

ee d

ensi

ty o

f mat

ure

Adam

s, M

.A. e

t al.

flat-t

oppe

d hi

lls (“

mes

a”) c

lose

11

6°16

.556

Esp

ecie

s co

mbi

ned

with

site

E.

leuc

ophl

oia

was

est

imat

ed b

y (2

001)

to

Pan

naw

onic

a. S

oils

wer

e in

vent

ory

data

.co

untin

g tre

es a

long

bot

h si

des

skel

etal

and

rock

y. Do

min

ant

of th

e va

lley

alon

g 20

0 m

spec

ies

wer

e Eu

caly

ptus

trans

ects

. Shr

ub d

ensi

ty w

asle

ucop

hloi

aw

ith m

ixed

aca

cia

calc

ulat

ed u

sing

the

plot

-less

shru

bs a

nd T

riodi

a sp

p.

met

hod

with

five

sam

plin

g po

ints

se

para

ted

by 1

00 m

, rep

eate

d on

bo

th s

ides

of t

he v

alle

y. Co

ver o

f Tr

iodi

asp

p. w

as a

sses

sed

in th

ree

20 m

x 2

0 m

plo

ts o

n bo

th s

ides

of

the

valle

y. Br

anch

es fr

om fo

ur

E. le

ucop

hloi

a an

d on

e w

hole

tree

w

ere

harv

este

d at

this

site

.

5Ac

acia

anu

era

woo

dlan

ds

22°

36.0

73 S

/ 5.

3418

.57,

7.5

020

00Al

lom

etric

s de

rived

for a

ll Pl

ant d

ensi

ty w

as e

stim

ated

in

Adam

s, M

.A. e

t al.

5,61

3(m

ulga

).Br

oad

allu

vial

pla

in

118°

04.0

55 E

spec

ies

com

bine

d w

ith s

ite

thre

e 50

m x

50

m q

uadr

ats

(200

1)

near

Mar

ando

o. S

oils

wer

e in

vent

ory

data

.pl

aced

50

m a

part

alon

g a

trans

ect

allu

vial

loam

s an

d cl

ay-lo

ams

with

ru

nnin

g ea

st-w

est.

All i

ndiv

idua

lsfre

quen

t peb

bles

in th

e pr

ofile

. of

A. a

neur

a an

d E.

forr

estii

Ve

geta

tion

was

an

over

stor

ey o

f w

ere

mea

sure

d fo

r hei

ght a

nd

smal

l mul

ga (A

caci

a an

eura

) tre

es

cano

py d

imen

sion

s. A

ll A.

ane

ura

with

an

unde

rsto

rey

dom

inat

ed b

y w

ere

also

mea

sure

d fo

r dia

met

ers

Erem

ophi

la fo

rres

tiian

d m

ixed

of

eac

h st

em a

t 0.1

m, 0

.5 m

, 1.3

m

gras

s an

d fo

rbs.

an

d cr

own

brea

k, c

anop

y de

pth

and

asse

ssm

ent o

f for

m (s

ee S

ectio

n 2)

. Te

nE.

forr

estii

and

six

A. a

neur

a w

ere

dest

ruct

ivel

y sa

mpl

ed fo

r bot

h ab

ove-

and

bel

ow-g

roun

d bi

omas

s.


Broa

d al

luvi

al p

lain

nea

r 22

°36

.267

S /

2.82

2000

Allo

met

rics

deriv

ed fo

r all

Plan

t den

sity

was

est

imat

ed

Adam

s, M

.A. e

t al.

Mar

ando

o. S

oils

wer

e al

luvi

al

118°

02.2

13 E

spec

ies

com

bine

d w

ith s

iteby

mea

surin

g al

l A. a

neur

a (2

001)

lo

ams

and

clay

-loam

s w

ith

inve

ntor

y da

ta.

and

E. fo

rres

tii in

thre

e fre

quen

t peb

bles

in th

e pr

ofile

. 20

m x

20

m q

uadr

ats

Vege

tatio

n w

as a

n ov

erst

orey

Se

para

ted

by 2

0 m

as

of s

mal

l mul

ga (A

caci

a an

eura

) de

scrib

ed a

bove

. No

plan

ts

trees

with

an

unde

rsto

rey

wer

e ha

rves

ted

at th

is s

ite.

dom

inat

ed b

y Er

emop

hila

fo

rres

tii a

nd m

ixed

gra

ss

and

forb

s.

Som

e ev

iden

ce o

f rec

ent

23°

01.4

81 S

/ 26

.620

00Al

lom

etric

s de

rived

for a

ll Pl

ant d

ensi

ty w

as e

stim

ated

Adam

s, M

.A. e

t al.

flood

ing

and

soil

wer

e 11

8°46

.719

Esp

ecie

s co

mbi

ned

with

site

by

mea

surin

g al

l A. a

neur

a(2

001)

al

luvi

al c

lay-

loam

s. T

all m

ulga

in

vent

ory

data

.in

thre

e 50

m x

50

m q

uadr

ats

woo

dlan

d, d

omin

ated

by

sepa

rate

d by

50

m a

long

A. a

neur

a w

ith p

atch

es o

f an

eas

t-wes

t tra

nsec

t. sc

atte

d Eu

caly

ptus

vic

trix

One

larg

e A.

ane

ura

was

with

Mar

sile

a sp

. (Na

rdoo

fern

) ha

rves

ted

at th

is s

ite.

and

Junc

acea

e sp

. cov

erin

g m

ost o

f the

gro

und.

Exte

nsiv

e fla

t pla

in e

ast o

f 23

°01

.325

S /

36.1

920

00Al

lom

etric

s de

rived

for a

ll Ve

geta

tion

was

ass

esse

d fo

rAd

ams,

M.A

. et a

l.th

e Fo

rtesc

ue R

iver

with

fine

12

0°26

.884

Esp

ecie

s co

mbi

ned

with

site

dens

ity a

nd d

imen

sion

s us

ing

(200

1)

sand

y lo

am o

r cla

y lo

am s

oils

. in

vent

ory

data

.th

e pl

ot-le

ss m

etho

d, w

ith s

ixVe

geta

tion

was

dis

tribu

ted

as

sam

plin

g po

ints

sep

arat

edirr

egul

ar p

atch

es o

r gro

ves

of

by 5

0 m

. Tw

o A.

ane

ura

wer

eAc

acia

spp.

Veg

etat

ion

was

ha

rves

ted

for a

bove

-gro

und

dom

inat

ed b

y A.

ane

ura

with

bi

omas

s at

this

site

.ot

her m

ixed

shr

ubs,

incl

udin

g A.

vic

toria

e, S

enna

arte

mis

ioid

es

spp.

Olig

ophl

la.T

here

was

littl

e or

no

vege

tatio

n be

twee

n gr

oves

.

Exte

nsiv

e fla

t pla

in e

ast o

f the

23

°01

.882

S /

1.97

2000

Allo

met

rics

deriv

ed fo

r all

Vege

tatio

n w

as a

sses

sed

for

Adam

s, M

.A. e

t al.

Forte

scue

Riv

er w

ith fi

ne s

andy

12

0°28

.859

Esp

ecie

s co

mbi

ned

with

site

de

nsity

and

dim

ensi

ons

usin

g (2

001)

loam

or c

lay

loam

soi

ls. V

eget

atio

n in

vent

ory

data

.th

e pl

ot-le

ss m

etho

d, w

ith s

ixw

as d

istri

bute

d as

irre

gula

r pat

ches

sa

mpl

ing

poin

ts s

epar

ated

or g

rove

s of

Aca

cia

spp.

Veg

etat

ion

by 1

00 m

. No

plan

ts w

ere

was

dom

inat

ed b

y A.

ane

ura

with

oth

er

harv

este

d at

this

site

.m

ixed

shr

ubs,

incl

udin

g A.

vic

toria

e,

Senn

a ar

tem

isio

ides

spp.

Olig

ophl

la.

Ther

e w

as li

ttle

or n

o ve

geta

tion

betw

een

grov

es.

Floo

dpla

in o

f the

For

tesc

ue

22°

34.3

50 S

/ 51

.920

00Al

lom

etric

s de

rived

for a

ll Pl

ant d

ensi

ty (a

nd

Adam

s, M

.A. e

t al.

Rive

r with

allu

vial

loam

and

11

9°31

.675

Esp

ecie

s co

mbi

ned

with

site

dim

ensi

ons)

was

(200

1)

clay

-loam

soi

ls. V

eget

atio

n in

vent

ory

data

.es

timat

ed u

sing

the

was

arr

ange

d in

irre

gula

r pl

ot-le

ss m

etho

d w

ith s

ixpa

tche

s or

gro

ves

and

was

sa

mpl

ing

poin

ts s

epar

ated

dom

inat

ed b

y Ac

acia

ane

ura,

by

20

m. N

o pl

ants

wer

eEr

emop

hila

forr

estii

and

mix

ed

harv

este

d at

this

site

.gr

ass

and

forb

s.


Site

Desc

riptio

n Lo

catio

nIn

divi

dual

Bi

omas

sYe

ar

Met

hod

of C

alcu

latio

nAr

ea E

stim

ate

Root

bio

mas

sDa

ta s

ourc

e Re

liabi

lity

Com

men

tsAr

ea in

the

(veg

etat

ion,

soi

l)si

tes

(t/ha

) (t/

ha, S

E)

whe

n(A

llom

etric

, exp

ansi

onan

d Ba

sis

(ha,

plo

ts e

tc)

or ro

ot:s

hoot

(R

ef, u

npub

lishe

d)(A

GO

Pilb

ara

note

: bi

omas

set

c)(t/

ha, ~

R/S)

Crite

ria)

regi

on o

f ab

ove-

grou

nd

estim

ated

this

biom

ass

vege

tatio

n fa

ctor

ty

pe (h

a x

ONLY

1000

)

Adja

cent

to th

e flo

od p

lain

22

°34

.700

S /

5.2

2000

Allo

met

rics

deriv

ed fo

r all

Plan

t den

sity

(and

Ad

ams,

M.A

. et a

l.of

the

Forte

scue

Riv

er w

ith

119°

26.6

75 E

spec

ies

com

bine

d w

ith s

itedi

men

sion

s) w

as

(200

1)

allu

vial

loam

and

cla

y-lo

am

inve

ntor

y da

ta.

estim

ated

usi

ng th

e pl

ot-le

ss

soils

and

clo

se to

site

20

and

met

hod

with

six

sam

plin

g 22

. Dom

inan

t spe

cies

wer

e po

ints

sep

arat

ed b

y 50

m.

Acac

ia a

neur

a, A

, xip

hyop

hylla

, No

pla

nts

wer

e ha

rves

ted

A. v

icto

riae

and

gras

s an

d fo

rbs

at th

is s

ite.

(incl

udin

g Ch

enop

ods)

.

This

ana

lysi

s of

abo

ve-g

roun

d bi

omas

s an

d its

car

bon

cont

ent f

or th

e Pi

lbar

a en

com

pass

ed:

Fiel

d w

ork

at 2

7 si

tes

with

in a

n ar

ea o

f >60

,000

km

2 .

Dim

ensi

on a

naly

sis

of >

2300

tree

s an

d sh

rubs

and

>10

0 an

alys

es o

f the

phy

sica

l dim

ensi

ons

of tu

ssoc

k an

d hu

mm

ock

gras

ses.

Harv

estin

g an

d de

stru

ctiv

e sa

mpl

ing

(for d

imen

sion

s an

d m

ass)

of >

200

trees

and

shr

ubs

and

>60

gras

s hu

mm

ocks

/ tu

ssoc

ks.

Grav

imet

ric a

naly

sis

of >

5000

pla

nt s

ampl

es.

Stat

istic

ally

rigo

rous

(the

num

ber o

f sub

-plo

ts, n

, var

ied

betw

een

3 an

d 11

) mea

sure

s of

bio

mas

s an

d ca

rbon

con

tent

for 2

7 si

tes.

1Ja

rrah

(Euc

alyp

tus

mar

gina

ta)

Amph

ion

82 t

ha-1

1998

Allo

met

rics

deriv

ed fo

r Fu

ll as

sess

men

t of a

ll st

ems

Mea

n fin

e Gr

iers

on a

nd

fore

st. S

oils

are

Fer

ric

Fore

st

incl

udes

dom

inan

t und

erst

orey

of

E. m

argi

nata

over

stor

eyro

ot b

iom

ass

- Ad

ams,

Xa

ntho

sols

(lat

eriti

c gr

avel

ly

Bloc

k,

unde

rsto

rey

and

over

stor

ey s

peci

es.

and

unde

rsto

rey

B. g

rand

is

mea

n 12

.5 t

ha-1

Oeco

logi

a sa

nds)

. Site

har

vest

ed ~

1922

. Dw

ellin

gup.

of B

. gra

ndis

.in

6 5

0x50

m2

plot

s ac

ross

(incl

udin

g (s

ubm

itted

)Th

inne

d in

196

0 - p

rote

cted

32

°48

’, a

~100

ha

site

.se

ason

al a

nd

from

fire

for a

t lea

st 7

0 ye

ars.

116°

03’).

sp

ecie

sAv

erag

e ra

infa

ll va

riatio

ns).

for t

he s

ite is

To

tal r

oot

1235

mm

and

bi

omas

s no

t el

evat

ion

is

mea

sure

d.26

7 m

Series 1 Publications Set the framework for development of the National Carbon Accounting System (NCAS) anddocument initial NCAS-related technical activities (see http://www.greenhouse.gov.au/ncas/ publications).

Series 2 Publications Provide targeted technical information aimed at improving carbon accounting for Australianland based systems (see http://www.greenhouse.gov.au/ncas/publications).

Series 3 PublicationsDetail protocols for biomass estimation and the development of integrated carbon accountingmodels for Australia (see http://www.greenhouse.gov.au/ncas /publications).Of particular note is Technical Report No.

28. The FullCAM Carbon Accounting Model: Development, Calibration and Implementationfor the National Carbon Accounting System.

Series 4 PublicationsProvide an integrated analysis of soil carbon estimation and modelling for the National CarbonAccounting System, incorporating data from paired site sampling in NSW, Qld and WA.A preliminary assessment of nitrous oxide emissions from Australian agriculture is also included(see http://www.greenhouse.gov.au/ncas/publications).

Series 5 Publications include:

39. Continuous Improvement of the National Carbon Accounting System Land CoverChange Mapping.

40. Modelling Change in Litter and Soil Carbon Following Afforestation or Reforestation -Calibration of the FullCAM ‘Beta’ Model.

41. Calibration of the FullCAM Model to Eucalyptus globulus and Pinus radiata andUncertainty Analysis.

42. Outcomes from the Workshop: Deriving Vegetation Canopy Cover Estimates.

43. The Impact of Tillage on Changes in Soil Carbon Density with Special Emphasis onAustralian Conditions.

44. Spatial Estimates of Biomass in ‘Mature’ Native Vegetation.

The National Carbon Accounting System provides a complete

accounting and forecasting capability for human-induced sources and

sinks of greenhouse gas emissions from Australian land based

systems. It will provide a basis for assessing Australia’s progress

towards meeting its international emissions commitments.

http://www.greenhouse.gov.au

technical report no. 44 Spatial Estimates of Biom

ass in ‘Mature’ N

ative Vegetation

Spatial Estimates of Biomass in 'Mature’ Native Vegetation ...

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