Spatial Dominion in Early Roman Architecture
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Transcript of Spatial Dominion in Early Roman Architecture
Spatial Dominion in Early Roman Architecture
Pompeii, Italy, city plan, esp. the forum and the basilica, 1st cen. BC to 1st cen. AD
I. City plan of Pompeii: an admixture of Italic, Greek Hippodamian, and Roman urbanism
Pompeii
Mt. Vesuvius
Naples
Pompeii, Italy
I.
I. A. What street patterns indicate the early Oscan and the Greek settlements?
Pompeii
Greek
Oscan
6.
I. B. What neighborhood and large public spaces were added by the Romans in 80 BC when they decided to make Pompeii a retirement city for their military veterans?
Pompeii
I. B.
Pompeii’s AmphitheaterPompeii’s Theater
Theater and Odeon
3.
The Basilica on the Forum at Pompeii
II. The Forum: A consensus-building space in the Roman Republic A. What public buildings would one find on a Roman forum? 1. a basilica
The Basilica on the Forum at Pompeii
II. A. 1. a. What are the components of the Roman basilica architecturally?
9.
II. A. 1. a.
The Basilica on the Forum at PompeiiGreek stoas
Hypostyle market hall, 210 BC at Delos, Turkey
The Basilica on the Forum at PompeiiStoa of Attalos at Athens
II. A. 1. c. What Greek building is a basilica most similar to in terms of function?
Council buildings on the Forum at Pompeii
II. A. 2. Council halls, courts, treasury (and the Senate in the city of Rome)
Commercial buildings on the Forum at Pompeii
II. A. 3. Commercial and civic buildings (some donated by prominent citizens: the Eumachia)
II. A. 4. Urban temples
Forum of Pompeii – Two Temples
Forum at Pompeii
II. B. In what two ways did Romans circumscribe space and forge consensus in a Roman forum?
8.
colonnaded Forum at Pompeii
II. B.
(Shaping space to foster consensus)
II. B. 2. How did the position of the main temple in a forum contribute to spatial hierarchy and clarity?
Forum at Pompeii – Temple of Jupiter
Temple of Portunus, Rome, 75 BC
Temple of Hercules Victor, Romelate 2nd cen. BC
Temple of Vesta, Tivoli, Italyearly 1st cen. BC
Temple of Hercules at Cori, Italylate 2nd cen. BC
III. Roman pseudo-peripteral temple: Republican forging of concensus in building design
Roman temples of the Republic period
Temple of Jupiter on the forum of Pompeii, 150 BC
Etruscan style Temple of Capitoline Jupiter, Rome, 509 BC
III.
Maison Carrée (“Square House”), Nimes, France, 1st century B.C.
III.
Maison Carrée and the Carré d‘Art museum by Norman Foster (1984-93)
III.
III. A. Did Roman spatial control transform the Greek temple, or did the Greek temple Hellenize the early Etrusco-Roman temple?
Roman Maison Carrée, 1st cen. BC
Etruscan temple (Veii, Italy, 5th cen. BC)Greek temple (Parthenon, 5th cen. BC)
Maison Carrée(Shaping space to foster consensus)
III. A. 1. Roman temple plan and elevation a. podium and d. approach
Maison Carrée
III. A. 1. a.
front
side
III. A. 1. b. cella
Maison Carrée
III. A. 1. c. pseudo-peripteral
Maison Carrée
III. B. Ritual preferences in Roman temples 1. Where was the Roman altar compared to the Greek?
Maison Carrée
altar
sometimes
III B. 2. Aside from worship, what other functions did the Roman temple serve?
Maison Carrée
III. C. Where might the imperial patronage be seen in this otherwise traditionally republican-era temple?
Maison Carrée