Sparta Aquifer Recovery - uaex.edu...Sparta Aquifer Recovery Building on Public Policy . The South...

Sparta Aquifer Recovery Building on Public Policy

The South Arkansas Sparta Recovery Initiative in Union County as a model for successful and effective practical application of public policy

Presented by

Robert Reynolds President Union County Water Conservation Board

to

Water The Choices - Water Law amp Policy Conference No1bullember 8 2012 bull 4-11 Center in Ferndale Arkansas

Union Cowl( Water Conserwaion Boord bull 44 West Cedar ElDorado Arkansas bull 870 863-7134 bull robertrevnoldswddenlinkne 870 862-1244 bull cindywoolseysuddenlinknet or 870 314-0749 bull herreljsuddenlinkne

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Problem The Sparta Aquifer in Union County was declining rapidly and in accordance with Act 54 of1999 met the three Arkansas Natural Resources Commission criteria for Critical GroundiVater Designationbull

As a result Union was among thefive counties declared the state sfirst Critical Groundwater Area in Janumy 996

o Groundwater levels declining 1 or more peryearjor thejive previous years (some wells had declined as much as 7 middotper year in Union County)

o Water quaif)bull degradation or threat of degradation

o Groundwater levels at or below the top of the aqu(fer

tJNRC Rules Ground WmE- Rulfs Trtle IV Suhtlllf Ill Secmiddottiou 4tH - wnwaurcarkansasgtwl

USGS a11d ANRC agreed - models i11dicated U11ion County must reduce groundwater consumptio11 by 72 --from 21 mgd to 7 mgd - in jive y ears or less or risk inflicting irreparable harm 0 11 the Sparta

2

Union County 1999 Water Level Potentiometric Surface

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Critical Ground Water Designations

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4

Critical Groundwater Conservation Board- Act 1050 of 1999

bull Beween May of 1997 and spring of1999 economic developmenl leaders elected officials and others galvanized support for solving Union Countys water problem as ils top economic developmenl priorily

bull A firs step was o esablish a public body wilh aulhoriry over groundwater

bull Acl 1050 of1999 he Sparw Aquifer Crilical Groundwater Counties Remediation Act was necesswy because there was no existing statue or water resource geopolitical organizati011 that would have given Union and olher Arkansas Crilical Groundwaler Counties the necesswy mlhority 10 address our problem Among the Board s first actions ajierforming in June of 1999 was lo authorize he 24cent conservation fee on all signiflcanl Sparta users in Union County to discourage Sparta overuse and help payfor infrastrucure and associaed coss necesswy to pro1bullide an altemative source hat would allow the Spara to recharge naturally

bull Acl 1774 of2005 Amendments to Act 1050- 96cent ifthe Board builds infrastrucure built to property line and industt) continues to use Sparta water Conservalion fee unspecified - left to Board 10 determine

tUisiou Statement 17re guidiflg pwpose cwdprimanmiddot objectile ofthe Union Cou111y Yater Conseroation Board itmiddot to coniCIle proter1 and mamtatn the Sparta Formation Aquifer ns n cnnrimnng source()_Jiglz qrwltty potable Haterfor rurrent and fuwre consumers by providing (or affordable a1emate sources o(freslt wa1er pursuum 10 1re authori~r and bullmiddotesponsibili~bullmiddot gramed by the State ofArkansas middotmiddot Adupt~d J11~v 2 I 1999bull

5

The Project Built on a Public Policy Foundation

--- shy--middot - shy- shy -- -middot-middot-----middotmiddotTfll-middotbull ________fMIWolftll-1010

OUACHITA RIVER ALTERNATIVE WATER SUPPLY PROJECT

OUACHITA RIVER

~ e _a-un--bull-bullubull --~ =-- UNION COUNTY WATER

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6

Parallel Path State Legislation 1999

Panda Bill - Acl 1322 of 1999 allowed merclwnt power plants to sell wholesale elecrricity in the state ofArkansas by providing that wholesale generators are not public utilities Panda Energy ofDallas Texas developed Union Power Station power plant projec1 Panda (1er partnered wilh TECO Energy Today EntegraUnion Power Station is investor owned

Water Resource Conservation and Development Incentive Act - Act 765 ofI 999 amended the Acl to increase incentives for investment in il(rastructure to convertfiom ground to swface water The incentive is greater in Crilical Croundwaler Areas ANRC How to Apply link wl-vwanrcarkansasgovlconservation20divisionltax_ incentiveshtml

7

Funding- Public

Act 1050 of 1999- 24cent Conservation Fee = $11717990 September 1999- May 2008 Toward the 23 miles of pipeline start-up operation and maintenance Board administration local match share and Union Countys incremental share of the oversized Ouachita River infrastructure built to accommodate Union Powers and Union Countys current and future needs

Act 765 of 1999 - Water Resource and Conservation Development Incentive Act increased the allowable tax credit for infrastructure costs associated with conversion from ground to surface water in any calendar year from S30000 to S l 00000 per year and the maximum 4-year carry-over limit for that calendar year from $3 million to $10 mill ion No direct funding to the Boards infrastructure but it provided additional incentive and support to our industrial partnerscustomers for on-site infrastructure necessary for ElDorado Chemical Great Lakes Central and Lion Oi l to convert from Sparta to Ouachita River water

Panda Bill - Act 1322 of 1999 - no direct funding but by making it possible for merchant power plants to operate as wholesalers in the state EntcgraUnion Power a project developed by Panda Energy of Dallas was able to contribute timely infrastructure construction and $32 million to the project + value of infrastmcture which was deeded over to Union County in May 2003

Economic Development Fund Commission of Arkansas- $25 million - partial engineering design planning construction start-up The seven-member short-lived EDAFC was formed to oversee and distribute a fund to support economic development in the stateshy

8

County-wide 1cent temporary sales tax- $21 208313 April 2002 - December 2005 To repay a $23 million bond issue toward the 23 miles of pipel ine and Union Countys incremental share of the oversized Ouachita River infrastructure built to accommodate Union Powers and Unjon Countys current and future needs Approved by 63 of Union County voters in a special election February 2002 as provided by Amendment 62 to the Arkansas Constitution for a collection period of seven years Due to favorab le interest rates reduced construction costs sound fiscal management greater than projected sales tax collection Board members expertise and outright good luck the Board was

able to pay off the bonds and retiresunset the tax 3 Y2 years early

In a December 2005 ceremony Board members South Arkansas Sparta stakeholders Congressional staff and state agency representatives drowned the mortgage and celebrated turning on the surface water tap to industrial customers

Turnin1 on the THp Detltmher 20 2005 Rbullgtbert Reynolds UCWCB Preidcnl Randy Young Executive Director Arkansas Natural Resources Coznnussion Joel l loll Cluef Pl~101

Engjnecr u UnJon Power Station (Entegra tbullower Group) and the plant managers frmn Lhe three major industries thill have convened from Sparta 1u river walermiddot durirlg 1he pa~1 yet~r Greg Wl1hrow ElDorado Che1nical (Ftbrury 2005)~ Ed Malls ChemiUrltt (pantill conversion I mgd October 2005) and Steve Cousins Lion Oil (December 2004) rum on 1he ceremonial tap fOI the Union County project that provides Ouachita

9

--

Congressionally Directed Expenditures

Ouachita River Alternative Water Supp ly Project Funding Partners $65 Million Infrastructure Cost

Local - 88 Chemlula Chemical l lurw~~bullIY Oqot lllk$bull1

El Dorado Chemical El Oorado Education FoundaUon-shyLIon 011 Company Spana Aquifer Consumers 74tIIXI ~ -eon F

Linda amp Stan Sweeney Oladye amp Clayton Tay1or Grandchiktren Cheri E Thomas Union County ConaMVation District (UCCO)bull Union County~middot ci- ~

Union Power Partnerbull (Entegra) bull ~- _

Federal - 8 Economic Development Administration (EOA Envfronmantbulll Protection Agency (EPA) Houalng amp Urban Oeve~ment (HUO) u s Army Corp5 of Engineers us Gbullologlcat Survey (USGS)

State - 4 Arkanl Natural Resources Commleslon (ANAC) Economic Oev of Arkansas Fund Commisakm nd lOngbull bullbullbull ____ bullmiddot --- ___ middot-------shy

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Corps Section 219 WRDA 992- SSOOOOO Bank Stabili=a~ionrtp rap hoth sides ofintake

Economic De1bullelopment Administration - $15 million toward consmetion l~fa $38 million 3 million gallon a hoi( ground storage tank amp pump station approximate~~gt 9 milesjimiddotom the imake

HUD - $ 38 million tolard exempt or soft (11011shy

consrruction) costs not paidfor by orher sources Accouming amp Audit Fees Attomey Fees Water System Master Plan Insurance

EPA Construction- 52 million toward pipeline abo1middote ground storage tank pump station

EPA Study- Similion to establish a dedicated 28shywelmonitoring nework to measure groundwater levels and quality in afimiddote-countyltllree parish area forfive years beginning in 2002

10

Funding - Private

EntegraUnion Power- $52 million worth ofinfrastructure deeded over to Union County for incremental cost of $14 million a $38 million gift

Rights-of-Way- Citizen Response- Civic minded Union County property owners contributed rights-of-way for pipeline as well as intake construction Arkansas Department ofHealth rules require that water utilities with river intakes shall own and effectively control a restricted buffer zone around the water intake Although the Board does not produce drinking water by specification the project design does not prohibi t us from doing so in the future if necessary

bull Arkansas State Board of Health Dept of Healtb Center or Local Public llealtl1 Rules amp Regulmions Pertaining to Public Water Systems IX B 3 Ownership ofRcstnctcd Zones Pl6 wwwhealthyarkansasgoyaboutADHRulesReg~PublicWaterruif

I I

Funding - Sparta Recovery 28-Well Monitoring Network Cost

In addition to and following the five-year Sparta recovery study ftmded by a $1 million EPA appropriation 2002-2007 which included constructing or outfitting 28 water level and water quality monitoring wells the following have shared direct monitoring costs for the dedicated well monitoring network - 12 water quality 8 real-time and 8 automated data logger-- in Soutll Arkansas and North LOLtisiana

Arkansas Natural Resources Commission- $48000 FYE 93011

Louisiana Dept Natural Resources- $68321 pro rata share FYE 630 1 0 amp FYE 630 12

USGS Arkansas- Historically has applied agency cooperative money as available toward Sparta monitoring amp reporting to offset Joint Funding Agreement costs paid by the Board

USGS Grant G10AC00691 $300000 - CongressionaiJy Directed Expenditure Covered partial monitoring costs for Boards fiscal years ending December 31 20 I 0 amp 20 II and for education public info bi-state collaboration administration accounting and associated costs

UCWCB- Approximately $565000 ln addition to the $565000 and except for tl1e Boards fiscal years ending December 31 2010 and 2011 (pat1ially covered by USGS Grant G 1 OAC0069 I) the Board has paid all associated administrative accounting grants-seeking grants management project management and public information costs since Jan 2008

12

Management amp Operation

The Board manages operates and maintains the project under the provisions and authority granted Critical Groundwater Conservation Boards by Act 1050 of 1999

The Board contracts with its largest customer EntegraUnioo Power Partners to operate manage and maintaiJl the infrastructure

In partnership with federal and state agencies including Louisiana Department ofNatural Resources the Board continues to monitor the Spartas response and recovery in South Arkansas and North Louisiana Resulting data empowers the Board to fulfill its mission to conserve and protect the Sparta Aquifer and to make decisions about current andor future collServation efforts

The Board continues efforts to secure funding from other Sparta Aquifer Recovery Stakeholders including federal state foundation and private sources in order to continue monitoring the fiveshycountythree-parish area covered by dedicated 28-monitoring well network

13

Monitoring Sparta ResponseRecovery - Return on Investment Oepth to water october 2004

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16

Aquifer Tests - 1947 19992012 Another happy co incidence allowed USGS Arkansas ANRC and the Arkansas Geologica l Survey to partner with U1e Board Union Cowuy Conservation District and El Dorado Chemical to conduct a January 2012 aquifer test using the same pumping well - the Monsanto monitoring well shythat had been used for 1947 and 1999 aquifer tests My own interpretation based on preliminary results is that historica l heavy pumping has not reduced the ability of the aquifer to recharge store or deli ver water Compaction or other damage to the aqu ifer has not occurred but potentially wou ld have occurred had heavy pumping not been curtailed We have been very fortunate to avoid a calamity o f pem1anent damage to the aquifer

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17

Mfordable Alternative Surface Water Supply

pound1 Dorado Clremical Great Lakes CmtraVCiremwra Lion Oil Refinery $0 723 per 1000 gallons

Emegrallnion Power Station - S0684 per 1000 gallons Limon Power pas a IOer rate because of increased costs of additional pumpmg to mdustry at the booster pumping station

lfptic Creek GolfCmml ltl Rl(idlntiallrrigation- $091 per 1000 gallons The rate mclude loan repayment for on-site mfrbtructure The Board O ns th~ - - I000 lateral line to Myst1c Creek and hopes for addit1onal future users

pound1 Dor(l(lo Higlr Sclrool The El Domdo Schools approached the Board about provading sate bullrngallon mcludmg football and band practice liclds 10 the new S43 million high school finished in July 20 11 The rutc as expected 10 be about $125 per I000 gallons and wi ll be determined by ElDorado Water Utilities because EllS is an EWU customer

Working llith EllS is ltIll example cfthe Boards local goodwill policy that it not onII makes 110 allemptto recmit otl1er utilitiesmiddot customer but also works llith other utilities Oil new cusramlrs bullrithi11the utili(lbull s SCrlicmiddote arearlwr may ubullish to use the Boards altematilt moll aimlahe swjt1ce source

18

Project Benefits Summary

Sparta Aqu(jer recovety in five South Arkamas counties and three North Louisiana parishes as supported by monitoring data collected both before and after Union Co1mty began delivering the altemative swface water sourcefimiddotom the Ouachita River

Sparta groundwater levels rising

Sparta groundwater quality degradation appears to have been halted

Sparta Aquifer continues to he a source ofhigh quality potable lvaterfor current and jitlure consumers

The project offers an ahundam affordable supply ofswface walefor industrial and irrigation uses

The project serves as a modefor others to replicate and the Board has provided guidance as requested to others attempting to address the same problem

Arkansas State Water Plan - None ofthe South Arkansas Sparta Recovet) Initiative s successes could have been achieved without the Stale Water Plan adopted in 1975 and updated in 1990 We in Union County are pleased to provide suppon as needed to the ANRC as it updates the current plan

19

Challenges

Cost of continued Sparta recovery monitoring in tbe five-countytbrec-parisb area shyBecause Sparta recove1y is occurring outside ofUnion County and in Louisiana the Board will continue to seek cost-sharing to monitor the Spartas response in the five countythree parish monitoring area

Corps of Engineers - The Board and all Sparta stakeholders are continuing to monitor the potenlial llweat to water supply fololVing reduced Ouachita Ri1buller lock amp dam operations by the US Army C01ps ofEngineers

Future - The Board will continue to operate in adterence to the Mission Statement

The guiding purpose and primary objectilmiddote ofthe Union County Water Conserlotion Board is to conserve protect and maintain the Sparta Formation Aqu[(er as a continuing source ofhigh quality potable waterfor current andfuture consumers bx progtmiddotidingfor affordable alternate sources ojfresh lloter pursuant to the aurhority and responsibili~vgranted by the Swte of Arkansas AdoptedJu(r 2I 1999bull

bullNOTE Lo11isiona adoptetlthe itlemitbullo MisMon Stotemen111 2009 as(olows Tile guiding purpose ltmtl primm) objectigtmiddote o(ihe Louisiana Sparta Grmmtlwlller Commission is UJ conseJTI protect cmd 11willlain the Sparta Formation Aquifer as a tbullmrtinuing source olhigh quulity potable taterfor curre11 und future consufiUIS by promiddotidingfor affonlable alternate Ources otfresh water pursuant to the authorlty and responsibllity granted by the Suite qfLoubiaua bullmiddot

Please visit wwwucwcborg for additional information

20

Problem The Sparta Aquifer in Union County was declining rapidly and in accordance with Act 54 of1999 met the three Arkansas Natural Resources Commission criteria for Critical GroundiVater Designationbull

As a result Union was among thefive counties declared the state sfirst Critical Groundwater Area in Janumy 996

o Groundwater levels declining 1 or more peryearjor thejive previous years (some wells had declined as much as 7 middotper year in Union County)

o Water quaif)bull degradation or threat of degradation

o Groundwater levels at or below the top of the aqu(fer

tJNRC Rules Ground WmE- Rulfs Trtle IV Suhtlllf Ill Secmiddottiou 4tH - wnwaurcarkansasgtwl

USGS a11d ANRC agreed - models i11dicated U11ion County must reduce groundwater consumptio11 by 72 --from 21 mgd to 7 mgd - in jive y ears or less or risk inflicting irreparable harm 0 11 the Sparta

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w ~ 150 0 ) Ill a 2 ) 200 0 0 ()


J 300 wgt w J

0 w 1shy~350

400

Smackover

Magnolia

Union

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

~+199

1721 +100

1u

+1 6

+35

+40

+11 6 +138

+79 +76

+54

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

+231

201 3

14

--





bull

~ f JtJitlll [ gt

~



~


-o0$oo~

~

u




M






~


16


100

~

228 ft btklv grund)


35




I g25

c 0



i- s E ci 250 ~ i 15 l

1 ~ ~ 300 gt

8 ~10 c

8

eVI ~ gt350 r

5 ~ ~ 400 0

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

17







18









19

Challenges







20




7

Funding- Public





8






9

--









-middot







10

Funding - Private




I I








12






13


100

w ~ 150 0 ) Ill a 2 ) 200 0 0 ()


J 300 wgt w J

0 w 1shy~350

400

Smackover

Magnolia

Union

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

~+199

1721 +100

1u

+1 6

+35

+40

+11 6 +138

+79 +76

+54

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

+231

201 3

14

--





bull

~ f JtJitlll [ gt

~



~


-o0$oo~

~

u




M






~


16


100

~

228 ft btklv grund)


35




I g25

c 0



i- s E ci 250 ~ i 15 l

1 ~ ~ 300 gt

8 ~10 c

8

eVI ~ gt350 r

5 ~ ~ 400 0

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

17







18









19

Challenges







20

Funding- Public





8






9

--









-middot







10

Funding - Private




I I








12






13


100

w ~ 150 0 ) Ill a 2 ) 200 0 0 ()


J 300 wgt w J

0 w 1shy~350

400

Smackover

Magnolia

Union

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

~+199

1721 +100

1u

+1 6

+35

+40

+11 6 +138

+79 +76

+54

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

+231

201 3

14

--





bull

~ f JtJitlll [ gt

~



~


-o0$oo~

~

u




M






~


16


100

~

228 ft btklv grund)


35




I g25

c 0



i- s E ci 250 ~ i 15 l

1 ~ ~ 300 gt

8 ~10 c

8

eVI ~ gt350 r

5 ~ ~ 400 0

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

17







18









19

Challenges







20






9

--









-middot







10

Funding - Private




I I








12






13


100

w ~ 150 0 ) Ill a 2 ) 200 0 0 ()


J 300 wgt w J

0 w 1shy~350

400

Smackover

Magnolia

Union

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

~+199

1721 +100

1u

+1 6

+35

+40

+11 6 +138

+79 +76

+54

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

+231

201 3

14

--





bull

~ f JtJitlll [ gt

~



~


-o0$oo~

~

u




M






~


16


100

~

228 ft btklv grund)


35




I g25

c 0



i- s E ci 250 ~ i 15 l

1 ~ ~ 300 gt

8 ~10 c

8

eVI ~ gt350 r

5 ~ ~ 400 0

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

17







18









19

Challenges







20

--









-middot







10

Funding - Private




I I








12






13


100

w ~ 150 0 ) Ill a 2 ) 200 0 0 ()


J 300 wgt w J

0 w 1shy~350

400

Smackover

Magnolia

Union

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

~+199

1721 +100

1u

+1 6

+35

+40

+11 6 +138

+79 +76

+54

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

+231

201 3

14

--





bull

~ f JtJitlll [ gt

~



~


-o0$oo~

~

u




M






~


16


100

~

228 ft btklv grund)


35




I g25

c 0



i- s E ci 250 ~ i 15 l

1 ~ ~ 300 gt

8 ~10 c

8

eVI ~ gt350 r

5 ~ ~ 400 0

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

17







18









19

Challenges







20

Funding - Private




I I








12






13


100

w ~ 150 0 ) Ill a 2 ) 200 0 0 ()


J 300 wgt w J

0 w 1shy~350

400

Smackover

Magnolia

Union

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

~+199

1721 +100

1u

+1 6

+35

+40

+11 6 +138

+79 +76

+54

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

+231

201 3

14

--





bull

~ f JtJitlll [ gt

~



~


-o0$oo~

~

u




M






~


16


100

~

228 ft btklv grund)


35




I g25

c 0



i- s E ci 250 ~ i 15 l

1 ~ ~ 300 gt

8 ~10 c

8

eVI ~ gt350 r

5 ~ ~ 400 0

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

17







18









19

Challenges







20








12






13


100

w ~ 150 0 ) Ill a 2 ) 200 0 0 ()


J 300 wgt w J

0 w 1shy~350

400

Smackover

Magnolia

Union

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

~+199

1721 +100

1u

+1 6

+35

+40

+11 6 +138

+79 +76

+54

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

+231

201 3

14

--





bull

~ f JtJitlll [ gt

~



~


-o0$oo~

~

u




M






~


16


100

~

228 ft btklv grund)


35




I g25

c 0



i- s E ci 250 ~ i 15 l

1 ~ ~ 300 gt

8 ~10 c

8

eVI ~ gt350 r

5 ~ ~ 400 0

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

17







18









19

Challenges







20






13


100

w ~ 150 0 ) Ill a 2 ) 200 0 0 ()


J 300 wgt w J

0 w 1shy~350

400

Smackover

Magnolia

Union

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

~+199

1721 +100

1u

+1 6

+35

+40

+11 6 +138

+79 +76

+54

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

+231

201 3

14

--





bull

~ f JtJitlll [ gt

~



~


-o0$oo~

~

u




M






~


16


100

~

228 ft btklv grund)


35




I g25

c 0



i- s E ci 250 ~ i 15 l

1 ~ ~ 300 gt

8 ~10 c

8

eVI ~ gt350 r

5 ~ ~ 400 0

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

17







18









19

Challenges







20


100

w ~ 150 0 ) Ill a 2 ) 200 0 0 ()


J 300 wgt w J

0 w 1shy~350

400

Smackover

Magnolia

Union

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

~+199

1721 +100

1u

+1 6

+35

+40

+11 6 +138

+79 +76

+54

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

+231

201 3

14

--





bull

~ f JtJitlll [ gt

~



~


-o0$oo~

~

u




M






~


16


100

~

228 ft btklv grund)


35




I g25

c 0



i- s E ci 250 ~ i 15 l

1 ~ ~ 300 gt

8 ~10 c

8

eVI ~ gt350 r

5 ~ ~ 400 0

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

17







18









19

Challenges







20

--





bull

~ f JtJitlll [ gt

~



~


-o0$oo~

~

u




M






~


16


100

~

228 ft btklv grund)


35




I g25

c 0



i- s E ci 250 ~ i 15 l

1 ~ ~ 300 gt

8 ~10 c

8

eVI ~ gt350 r

5 ~ ~ 400 0

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

17







18









19

Challenges







20


100

~

228 ft btklv grund)


35




I g25

c 0



i- s E ci 250 ~ i 15 l

1 ~ ~ 300 gt

8 ~10 c

8

eVI ~ gt350 r

5 ~ ~ 400 0

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

17







18









19

Challenges







20







18









19

Challenges







20









19

Challenges







20

Challenges







20

Sparta Aquifer Recovery - uaex.edu...Sparta Aquifer Recovery Building on Public Policy . The South...

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Transcript of Sparta Aquifer Recovery - uaex.edu...Sparta Aquifer Recovery Building on Public Policy . The South...