ELECTRODE-LESS PLASMA GENERATION: DESIGN & ANALYSISPRESENTATION BY DANIEL BONDARENKO

OUTLINE

Motivation Background Objective Literature

ReviewMethod of Approach

Proposed System Design

Plasma Generator

Experiment

Simulation and

ModellingResults and

AnalysisConclusion and Future

Work

MOTIVATIONS & OBJECTIVES

Motivations: Find a novel plasma generation method for industrial applications.

Design, test, and compare this method with the existing devices

The outcome has to be a robust, long-lasting, and reliable design

Objectives:

1. Study plasma generation physics, associated equation models, operation capabilities, applications, and design features

2. Design a virtual-electrode device and compare it to existing plasma generation devices in accordance with their respective features

3. Create a functioning experimental prototype to test the novel plasma generation and compare with simulations

4. Examine the plasma generation techniques through simulations

Motivations&

Objectives

Background& Lit. Review

Method of Approach

Proposed System Design

Plasma Generator Experimen

t

Simulation &

Modelling

Results & Analysis

Conclusion and Future Work

BACKGROUND & LITERATURE REVIEW

Plasma State Definition: Highly ionized hot gas that interacts with electric and

magnetic fields and is influenced by the Coulomb collisions

The key defining properties of plasma include temperature, degree of ionization, electromagnetic emission and absorption, spatio-temporal fluctuations of electric and magnetic fields

Plasma Generation: Energy coupling to plasma: (1) direct arc dis-charge, (2)

capacitive, (3) inductive, (4) waveguide, and (5) laser coupling

Challenges of sustaining plasma: (1) material limitations, (2) sustaining uniform plasma, (3) reducing energy dissipation from focus area

Motivations&

Objectives

Background& Lit. Review

Method of Approach

Proposed System Design

Plasma Generator Experimen

t

Simulation &

Modelling

Results & Analysis

Conclusion and Future Work

MORE BACKGROUND

Critical Applications: Chemical and particle analysis Rubbish gasification IC manufacture Long range Comm. and Radar Plasma welding and cutting Space propulsion systems

Motivations&

Objectives

Background& Lit. Review

Method of Approach

Proposed System Design

Plasma Generator Experimen

t

Simulation &

Modelling

Results & Analysis

Conclusion and Future Work

METHOD OF APPROACH

Motivations&

Objectives

Background& Lit. Review

Method of Approach

Proposed System Design

Plasma Generator Experimen

t

Simulation &

Modelling

Results & Analysis

Conclusion and Future Work

PROPOSED SYSTEM DESIGN

Preliminary Concepts Electrode-less: focus on hybridization

Regulate plasma shape and temperature: plasma ionization initiation Retention and RF coils fuel feed rate plasma nozzle configuration

Motivations&

Objectives

Background& Lit. Review

Method of Approach

Proposed System Design

Plasma Generator Experimen

t

Simulation &

Modelling

Results & Analysis

Conclusion and Future Work

PROPOSED SYSTEM DESIGN

Detailed Study of Plasma Generation Properties

1. Ionization

2. RF coupling and confinement

3. Plasma as a fluid

4. Circuit for Plasma Power and Control

Motivations&

Objectives

Background& Lit. Review

Method of Approach

Proposed System Design

Plasma Generator Experimen

t

Simulation &

Modelling

Results & Analysis

Conclusion and Future Work

PROPOSED SYSTEM DESIGN: IONIZATION

Key means for electron release: 1) Photoelectric 2) Ion bombardment 3) Thermionic 4) High field 5) Secondary 6) Metastable Atoms High filed combined with secondary

emissions: principal method for driving the unipolar virtual electrode process

Stoletov constants and equation help determine the current as a result of high electric potential

Motivations&

Objectives

Background& Lit. Review

Method of Approach

Proposed System Design

Plasma Generator Experimen

t

Simulation &

Modelling

Results & Analysis

Conclusion and Future Work

PROPOSED SYSTEM DESIGN: RF COUPLING AND CONFINEMENT

Radio Frequency (RF) heating: stirs the work gas/plasma to

achieve/maintain ionized state

3 modes of RF coupling: oscillating magnetic field (inductive) oscillating electric field (capacitive ) both (quasi-optical or microwave )

RF heating factors: strength of magnetic field oscillation frequency particle collision frequency plasma conductivity

Motivations&

Objectives

Background& Lit. Review

Method of Approach

Proposed System Design

Plasma Generator Experimen

t

Simulation &

Modelling

Results & Analysis

Conclusion and Future Work

PROPOSED SYSTEM DESIGN: PLASMA AS A FLUID

Magneto-Hydro-Dynamics (MHD): composed of the Newton’s laws of

motion and electrodynamics. logical union of compressible fluid

Navier-Stokes and the Maxwell’s equations.

Motivations&

Objectives

Background& Lit. Review

Method of Approach

Proposed System Design

Plasma Generator Experimen

t

Simulation &

Modelling

Results & Analysis

Conclusion and Future Work

PROPOSED SYSTEM DESIGN: CIRCUIT FOR PLASMA POWER AND CONTROL

By initial ionization of gas by high field emission plasma is then sustained through Ohmic heating

3 primary circuits: 1) power control 2) high field generator 3) RF coupling circuit (Ohmic heating)

Motivations&

Objectives

Background& Lit. Review

Method of Approach

Proposed System Design

Plasma Generator Experimen

t

Simulation &

Modelling

Results & Analysis

Conclusion and Future Work

PLASMA GENERATOR EXPERIMENT

The experiment is composed of three key subsections: (1) Safety procedures, (2) Power supply, and (3) Data acquisition methodology

Motivations&

Objectives

Background& Lit. Review

Method of Approach

Proposed System Design

Plasma Generator Experimen

t

Simulation &

Modelling

Results & Analysis

Conclusion and Future Work

SIMULATION AND MODELLING Fluid and heat transfer simulations in mesh

resolutions: 0.25[mm], 0.1[mm], and 0.05[mm] Direct discharge simulation based on the

experimentally derived and simulation results- Plasma conductivity (Experiment/Computed)- Ion concentration- Current Density- Joule/Ohmic Heating

Parameters Computed

Experiment

Conductivity 1.689e-5 2.404e-5Current Density [A/m] 12.16 12.16Max. Joule Heating [W/m]

8.755e6 6.151e6

Motivations&

Objectives

Background& Lit. Review

Method of Approach

Proposed System Design

Plasma Generator Experimen

t

Simulation &

Modelling

Results & Analysis

Conclusion and Future Work

SIMULATION AND MODELLING

Single Emitter (SE) Single Emitter Current Ion and Electron RMS speeds Resonance frequencies Electron MFP Collision Frequencies Plasma emission wavelength Energy transfer frequency Total Power Absorbed per Unit Volume Emission Efficiency

Motivations&

Objectives

Background& Lit. Review

Method of Approach

Proposed System Design

Plasma Generator Experimen

t

Simulation &

Modelling

Results & Analysis

Conclusion and Future Work

SIMULATION AND MODELLING

RF assisted SE Plasma electron gyro-resonance frequency Plasma Skin Depth and Critical Number

Density Incident Oscillating magnetic field power an RMS Ohmic heating RF assisted generation current, ion density,

and plasma temperature

Motivations&

Objectives

Background& Lit. Review

Method of Approach

Proposed System Design

Plasma Generator Experimen

t

Simulation &

Modelling

Results & Analysis

Conclusion and Future Work

SIMULATION AND MODELLING

Model of the RF oscillator- Simulation versus Experiment- Coil Inductances- Drawbacks (Doesn’t account for uW)

Model of prototype voltage multiplier- Creation of high field- Performance and switching frequency

Model of prototype RF generator- Virtual cathode creation and confinement- Auxiliary tuning via a waveguide

Motivations&

Objectives

Background& Lit. Review

Method of Approach

Proposed System Design

Plasma Generator Experimen

t

Simulation &

Modelling

Results & Analysis

Conclusion and Future Work

RESULTS AND ANALYSIS

Secondary emission as a result of AC discharge Spread of electron flow onto the Langmuir probe Splattering effect from the walls General flow effects

Motivations&

Objectives

Background& Lit. Review

Method of Approach

Proposed System Design

Plasma Generator Experimen

t

Simulation &

Modelling

Results & Analysis

Conclusion and Future Work

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK

RF assisted SE can compete with the direct discharge devices. The experimental observation of improved performance at 13.4[MHz]

(gyro-resonance frequency) as well as the results obtained from simulation point to a better design option that utilizes an electron source and confines them to a magnetic field that can induce a sufficient currents and lead to effective plasma generation.

The future work includes:- Harsh environment testing- Tunable wave-guide- CUDA for processing flow/MHD behaviors quicker- MC implementation in Elmer FEM- Case validation studies in Elmer FEM

Motivations&

Objectives

Background& Lit. Review

Method of Approach

Proposed System Design

Plasma Generator Experimen

t

Simulation &

Modelling

Results & Analysis

Conclusion and Future Work

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Professor Hossam Gaber for the unwavering support and guidance in the academic research and career development

Doctor Barry Stoute for the expertise and help provided in plasma research Doctor Masoud Farzam, DoctorBrendan Quine, and the help from the York University Friends and family.

THANK YOU!

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