The Spaniards

as Colonial Masters

Calvin andrews i. crisostomoEljhon b. arino

Spain reigned over the Philippines for 333 years, from 1565 to 1898.

Since Spain was far from the country, the Spanish king ruled the Island through the viceroy of Mexico, which was then another Spanish colony.

KING OF SPAIN

VICEROY OF MEXICO

PHILIPPINES

When Mexico regained its freedom on 1821, the Spanish Philippines through a Governor General, (GG).

KING OF SPAIN

GOVERNOR GENERAL

PHILIPPINES

THE POLITICAL STRUCTURESpain established a centralized colonial government in the Philippines that was composed of a NATIONAL GOVERNMENT and the LOCAL GOVERNMENT that administered provinces, cities, towns and municipalities. NATIONAL GOVERNMENT

Maintained peace and orderCollected taxes Built schools and other public works

THE GOVERNOR GENERALThe King’s representative and the highest-ranking official in the Philippines

Royal decrees and laws emanating in the Philippines

Had the power to appoint and dismiss public officials, except those personally chosen by the King

Supervised all government offices and the collection of taxes

Exercise certain legislative powers

Issues proclamations to facilitate the implementation of laws

THE GOVERNOR GENERAL

Requirement

Must be a PENINSULARES or a A SPANIARD BORN IN SPAIN

THE GOVERNOR GENERAL

THE POLITICAL STRUCTURE THE GOVERNOR GENERALThe Governor General and other government official had so much power that it was commonly abused.

To investigate the abuses, there were bodies created:

THE RESIDENCIA

THE VISTA THE ROYAL AUDENCIA

THE RESIDENCIAThis was a special judicial court that

investigates the performance of a Governor General who was about to be replaced.

The Residencia, of which incoming Governor General was usually a member, its submitted a report of finding to the King.

THE VISITAThe council of the Indies in Spain sent a

government official called the VISITOR GENERAL to observe conditions in the colony.The Visitador General

reported his findings directly to the King.

THE ROYAL AUDENCIAServed as an advisory body to the

Governor General

Had the power to check and report on his abuses

The Audiencia also audited the expenditureof the colonial government

Sent a yearly report to Spain

The Archbishop and other government officals could also report the abuses of the colonial

THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT

The Spaniards created Local Government Unit (LGU) for the provinces

There were two types of local government units:

ALCALDIA

Alcalde Mayor

CORRIGIMIENTO

Corregidor

THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT

The ALCADIA, led by the Alcalde Mayor governed the provinces that had been fully subjugated:

UNDER SPANISH CONTROL ALREADY

SALARY : P300 A MONTH

THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT

DUTIES OF THE ALCALDE MAYOR:

They represented the Spanish king and the Governor-General

They managed the day-to-day operations of the provincial government

Implemented laws and supervised the collection of taxes

THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT

The CORREGIMIENTO, headed

by Corregidor

Governed the provinces that were not yet entirely under Spanish control.

THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT

The ALCADIA and the

CORREGIMIENTO

Though they were paid a small salary, they enjoyed privileges such as the

INDULTO DE COMERCIO

Or the right to participate in the GALLEON TRADE

THE MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTEach province was divided into several

towns or pueblos headed by GOBERNADORDCILLOS (Little Governor)

MAIN DUTIES: Efficient governance and tax collection.

Four Lieutenants aided the Governardorcillo: the Teniente Mayor (chief lieutenant), the Teniente de Policia (Police lieutenant), the Teniente de Sementeras (lieutenant of the fields)

THE MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTGOBERNADORCILLOSThey had SMALL SALARIES but were

exempted form PAYING TAXESQUALIFICATION:Any NATIVE or CHINESE MEZTIZO25 years old Literate in ORAL or WRITTEN SPANISHCabeza de Barangay for 4 years

Ex. Emilio Aguinaldo

THE MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTCABEZA DE BARANGAY or (Barrio

Administrator or Barangay Captain)

-Responsible for the Peace and Order of the Barrio

-Recruited men for public works

QUALIFICATIONS:Cabezas should be literate in Spanish

Have good moral character and property Cabezas who served for 25 years were exempted from forced Labor

THE CITY GOVERNMENT

Larger town became cities called:

AYUNTAMIENTOIt became the center of trade and industry. The ayuntamiento had a city council called the

CABILDO

CABILDO is composed of:ALCALDE (MAYOR)

REGIDORES(COUNCILORS)

ALGUACIL MAYOR(POLICE CHIEF)

ESCRIBANDO(SECRETARY)