Dr. Leticia VICENTE R.Office G 27

Tel: 3943 1678lvicente@cuhk.edu.hk

SPANISH I

SPAN 1000

Calcular (To calculate)

más

menos

por: entre

Conversación

Choose the correct answers:

¿Cómo te llamas? 1. Salvador 2 Salvador Villa¿Salvador es tu nombre o tu apellido? 1. Es mi nombre. 2. Es mi apellido.¿Y cómo se escribe, con be o con uve? 1. Con uve 3. Con be¿Y Villa? 1. También con uve. 2. También con

be.

¿Cuál es tu número de teléfono? 1. El 3457689 2. Es el 3457689 ¿Y tu correo electrónico? 1. Es Hong Kong. 2. Es ci@harvard.edu

DUDAS Y PREGUNTAS Doubts and questions

¿Qué significa … “niño”/ “país”/ “teléfono”? What is the meaning of…?

¿ “Móvil”/ “correo electrónico” significa… ?Does… mean?

(El abecedario español)

Like the ‘a’ in “father,” but shorter.

másExamples:

pasanadamañana

casaencantada

Note: In this presentation, all vowels will be circled.

The Spanish “b” is similar to the English “b” when initial (pronounced at the beginning of a phrase) or after the letters ‘m’ or ‘n’.

Bailo con María. el medio ambiente

It is softer, allowing some air to pass through the lips, when intervocalic (located between vowels).

No bailo bien.

Iberia.Hablan bien. un banco

Note: Also see “v.”

The Spanish “c” has two distinct sounds, depending on its environment, that is, how it is located with respect to certain

vowels. The next slide provides more details.

In Spain, the “c” before ‘e’ or ‘i ‘is pronounced /ce/ /ci/

. . . before the following three vowels

. . . before the following two vowels

Unlike the English “k” sound, the hard Spanish ‘c’ is not aspirated, that is, no air is expelled when it is pronounced.

Until 1994, “ch” was a separate letter in Spanish, and words that began with this letter were found in a separate ch section in the dictionary after the section containing words beginning with c. It is pronounced like the English ch.

chimichanga

muchacho chica

The Spanish “d” is similar to the English “d” but is pronounced with the tongue farther forward against the upper teeth. When initial or after the letters ‘n’ or ‘l’, it is harder.

Daniel es mi hermano.andar

¡Buena idea!nada

when intervocalic, it is a bit softer, much like the voiced “th” sound in the English word “they.”

Like the e in “they,” but without the “y” glide

estres

mesadeporte

interesanteMéxico

The Spanish “f” is essentially identical to the English “f.”

Fernandoteléfono

flanfrente

The Spanish “g” has three main distinct sounds, depending on its environment.

The next two slides provide more details.

. . . before the following three vowels at the beginning of a phrase or after the letter “n”.

In other cases, such as when intervocalic, the g is softer, somewhat like the g in sugar, before these three vowels: a, o and u.

. . . before the following two vowels:E and I

g = /x/ in ‘get’

with U after the vowels e and i/gui//gue/

Guitarra Guerra

The “h” is almost always completely silent. Excepting in foreign words like “hip hop”, Hong Kong

ospitalh

olh

otelhablo español.H

Like the ee in “teeth” or the i in “machine,” but shorter

miniño

librotímido

inteligenterico

The “j” is pronounced in all cases like the “soft” g, that is, much like an h in English. In some areas, particularly Spain, the jota is pronounced more crisply, with a somewhat harsh or guttural sound.

José

hijo

jarraatajo

The “k” is a letter borrowed from Greek and is found only in words borrowed from other languages.

The ‘k’ is not aspirated in Spanish.

kilogramo karatewhisky

The “l” is pronounced with the tip of the tongue against the alveolar ridge as in English; however, the tongue is held straight rather than slightly curled.

alveolar ridge loteríaLalo

azul

Until 1994, “ll,” like “ch,” was a separate letter in Spanish, and words that began with this letter were listed separately in the dictionary. See the next slide for more information.

The “ll” is pronounced like the English y.

calle = cayeIn Spain, it was formerly pronounced as ly, and some conservative, older speakers still use this pronunciation.

calle = calye

The “m” is pronounced essentially like its English counterpart.

mamá

amor

molemensaje

The “n” is pronounced very much like its English counterpart.

nada

Nora

Elenamáquina

Before the consonants “b”, “p”, and “v”, the “n” is pronounced like an “m.”

un beso un vasoun perro

After the changes to the Spanish alphabet in 1994, the “ñ” is the one letter that still does not appear in the English alphabet.

It is pronounced like the “ni” combination in the word onion.

niño mañana

añobaño

Like the o in “hope,” but without the glide.

monoperro

yono

The “p” is unlike the English p in that the latter is aspirated, that is, a puff of air is expelled after the lips separate. In Spanish, we hold back the air, avoiding the “pop” that is heard in English.

Pablopapá

pataropa

The “q” is always followed by “u,” as in English, except for a few foreign words such as Iraq, although this word can also be spelled Irak, since the sound of “q” is essentially identical to that of “k.” Like the p and [k] sounds, the q is not aspirated.

quesopequeño

quilatequien

The intervocalic, embedded (that is, non-word-initial) “r” involves a single tap of the tongue against the alveolar ridge.

Eddie

arena

peroMaría

(A single letter previous to 1994)

With the “rr,” or double “r,” the tongue is positioned just as with the single “r,” except that it is held there briefly and allowed to “flap,” creating the “rolling” effect.

perrobarrioderrota

The single “r” is rolled more like the “rr” after l and n.

alrededoren realidad

rosa

When initial, the “r” is rolled exactly like the “rr.” rubio

The “s” is essentially like the English s in most of the Spanish-speaking world.

sípeso

casasabroso

The “t” is similar to the English t except that it is, again, more dental. The tongue is brought forward against the upper teeth much as with the “d.” Like the p and [k] sounds, the t is not aspirated.

téTito

tamalpatata

Like the u in the name “Lulu,” but shorter

The important thing to remember about the “u” is that it has no initial “y” sound as in English. When we pronounce the word union, for instance, we actually say yunion. Leave the “y” sound off in Spanish.

unióninusual universidad

comunidad

In all environments, the “v” is identical in pronunciation to the “b.”

Voy contigo

Eva

envidia

lavar

The “w” is a letter borrowed from English and is found only in words borrowed from other languages.

whisky wáter (closet)

The “x” is pretty much as in English.

examen exacto auxilio

However, in words derived from Mexican indigenous languages, of South America it is like a “j” when intervocalic . . .

México. . . and like an “s” when initial.

Xochimilco

The “y,” when word-final, acts as a semivowel, that is, it has a sound similar to the vowel “i.”

Voy

ya

rey

rayo

When word-initial or intervocalic, it functions as a consonant and sounds like the y in English.

The “z” has two distinct sounds, depending on geography. The next slide provides more details.

In the Americas

In Spain

In all cases

In all cases

SPANISH RULES OF STRESS (or ACCENT)

Three basic rules that cover nearly every word:

If a word ends in a vowel, n or s, the stress is on the penultimate (next to last) syllable. For example, libro, trabajadora, joven and familia all have their accent on the next-to-last syllable. Most words fit this category.

Words that end in other letters have the stress on the last syllable. For example, hotel, hablar, trabajador and abril all have the accent on the final syllable.

If a word isn't pronounced according to the above two rules, an accent is placed over the vowel of the syllable that gets the stress. For example, médico, inglés, and allá all have the stress on the indicated syllable.

The tilde differentiates two words that are spelled and pronounced the same way, but mean different things.

Possessive adjectives Personal pronounsmi (my) mí (me)tu (your) tú (you)

Examples:

Mi amor me compra a mí una rosa. (My love buys me a rose.) Tienes un gato. Es tu gato. (You have a cat. It is your cat.)

Exceptions

All interrogative (question) words have a written accent to signal that someone is asking a question and not just making a statement.

¿Cómo? How/What?¿Cuál(es)? Which (ones)?¿Cuándo? When?¿Cuánto(s)/a(s)? How much/many?¿Dónde? Where?¿Qué? What?¿Quién? Who/whom?¿Por qué? Why?

Interrogatives/Question Words

There are also several other words that "just have" accents to differentiate them other similar words. The tilde makes a big difference when written, but in speech, although they share the same sounds, the one with the tilde is pronounced with more stress.

o él (he) el (the) Él le gusta el queso. (He likes the cheese.)

o té (tea) te (you - direct object) Te recomiendo que bebas el té. (I recommend that you drink the tea.)

o sí (yes) si (if) Sí, quiero ir al cafe si tienen la pizza. (Yes, I want to go to the cafe if they have pizza.)

o cómo (how/what) como (like, as) ¿Cómo se llama él? ¿Es alto como Pablo? (What is his name? Is he tall like Pablo?)

o sólo (only) solo (alone) Iré sólo si tú vas también; no quiero ir solo. (I will go only if you go; I don't want to go alone.)

PROFESIONES

¿Qué es/son? Es/Son…

SER (to be)

Yo soy … estudiante/ chino/ Tú eres HamletÉl/ Ella/ Usted es de Hong Kong

Nosotros/-as somos profesoresVosotros/-as sois españolasEllos/Ellas/ Ustedes son

Más profesiones

Veterinario/ -aArquitecto/-aCamarero/-aEnfermero/-aEscritor/ -aDirector/-aDentistaPolicía

O/-A

OR/ORA

=

APRENDER (-ER) (to learn)Yo aprendoTú aprendesÉl/ Ella/ Usted aprende

Nosotros/-as aprendemosVosotros/-as aprendéisEllos/Ellas/ Ustedes aprenden

¿Qué aprendes? Aprendo..

PREGUNTA Y RESPONDE: Ask and answer

¿Aprendes… japonés?¿Eres… española?

AFIRMATIVO Sí, aprendo… japonés. Sí, soy… española.

NEGATIVO No, no aprendo… japonés. No, no soy española.

LUGAR DE RESIDENCIA: Place of residence

¿Dónde vives? (Where do you live?)

Vivo en Hong Kong. ¿Y tú?o Yo también.

VIVIR (-IR) To live

Yo vivoTú vivesÉl/ Ella/ Usted vive EN Hong Kong España Nosotros/-as vivimosVosotros/-as vivísEllos/Ellas/ Ustedes viven

PRACTICA Practise

¿Eres…?¿Te llamas…?¿Vives en…?¿Hablas…?

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Muchas gracias.Thank you very much.