Spain, France, and England entering Americas Spain sets up a colony in Cuba in 1511, yet the...
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![Page 1: Spain, France, and England entering Americas Spain sets up a colony in Cuba in 1511, yet the diseases they carried over wiped out the natives leaving no.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649e855503460f94b8822d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Spain, France, and England entering Americas
Spain sets up a colony in Cuba in 1511, yet the diseases they carried over wiped out the natives leaving no workers.
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This prompted a man named Hernan Cortes to venture to Mexico looking for workers and wealth.
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Cortes and his 550 men were greatly outmatched by the thousands of Aztec Warriors. However, Cortes had weapons the Aztecs had never seen.
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Also, they rode horses and wore armor. The warriors were not match and could not stop Cortes. Some locals were so amazed they teamed up with Cortes.
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Montezuma (leader of Aztecs) believed that Cortes could have been a god. They offered gold, riches, and women to Cortes.
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Cortes continued his march to capital city Tenochtitlan. One of the largest cities in the world, 200,000 people and many shrines (gold everywhere) with great architecture.
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In August of 1521, the Aztecs fell to Cortes. Montezuma’s Curse (put a curse on the gold and anyone who touched it would have bad luck.)
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Conquistadors (conquerors) were sent all over Central America after this to control as much land as possible.
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Spain also sent forces down to South America. Francisco Pizarro landed in Peru. He fought the Incas.
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The Incas were a civilization built on war, they had complex road systems, and greatly outnumbered the Spanish.
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Pizarro and the Spanish against Incas
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However Incas were not immune to the diseases carried over from Europe and fell to the Spanish.
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Spain’s control even reached into southern United States (from New Mexico even to as far as Florida.)
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In order to keep natives under control, they granted encomienda: natives are citizens of Spain but without the rights.
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Society began to mix, Spain kept it very structured.
Had Peninsulares, Creoles, and Mestizoes.
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Peninsulares were at the top- people born in Spain.
Creoles were people born in the colonies.
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Mestizos were Spanish and Native mixed and at the bottom.
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France also expanded their empire into America as well.
King Francis I of France wanted to find the Northwest Passage- across America to Pacific.
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Jacques Cartier mapped much of eastern North America (St. Lawrence River.)
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Initial attempts to colonize in America by France failed. Tried to settle in current Canada. Next attempts were more successful since fishers traded with Natives for furs.
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Thanks to new relations, they slowly grew and wanted to expand. They explored down the Mississippi, eventually settled in Louisiana.
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Fought with Spain for control of certain areas, both tried to turn natives against the other.
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Spain would look to Central America and Southwest while France tried the Mississippi River, opening up an opportunity for England to have Atlantic Coast.
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• England’s first permanent colony was Jamestown. Over 100 years after John Cabot explored the territory.
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Virtually all of Europe was Catholic, not all was going well. Church was having people pay for indulgence and salvation.
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Martin Luther started Protestant Reformation with posting of 95 Theses.
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John Calvin continued Reformation in Switzerland. This causes economic, political, and religious problems. Support being the key, monarchs needed support of people but could not anger the masses.
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Keep wealthy happy was plan: Power = money, money = power.
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Granted nobles ability to enforce enclosure movement. They could enclose off large amounts of “disputed” land.
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This left many small farmers without a job. These angry people along with the reformers of the church were looking for a fresh start. The Americas offered this fresh start.
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Not everyone knew what they were getting into. Early attempts failed. Roanoke was the famous failed colony, the demise still is a mystery today.
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No bodies were found, no remains, only empty houses and the letters “CRO” carved on a post.
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Colonies did finally see profit after many early failures- not familiar with land, not ready for winter, no systems, no schools, bad relations with Indians all attributed to failures.
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John Smith and Chief Powhatan finally agreed to trade (items as well as traditions and secrets.)
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The Powhatan Confederacy (local Natives that regularly traded) were key to colonies survival.
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Eventually saw much violence.
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England provided little relief until John Rolfe was able to grow quality tobacco. This led to much more trade and more money.
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Needing to govern themselves, an assembly was formed. The House of Burgesses was representatives from the colonies to discuss all matters of life.
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This led to more settlers coming over and more money from Church and country. Eventually wealthy men got involved with proprietary colonies. When a man can govern a colony any way he chooses (he paid for it.)
Maryland was the first proprietary colony, Lord Baltimore was the owner.