Spain• Charles II

• Philip V

• Ferdinand

• Charles III

• Bad genetics=no heir

• Bourbon: grandson Louis XIV Economic/political stability

• Weak king; loved his wife

• Enlightened monarch; trained, so Spain upward in political, economic and international prestige

Ag Revolution

• Seed Drill and better plow

• New crop rotations

• Conscious breeding of herds (sheep, cattle)

• Jethro Tull

• Turnip Townsend

• Robert Bakewell

Industrial RevolutionWeaving• Spinning Jenny• Flying Shuttle• Power Loom

Heavy Industry• Steam engine—pump water

from mines• Better steam engine• Puddling to Produce better

iron• Industrial uses of Iron

(bridges, etc)

• Richard Arkwright• James Kay• Edward Cartwright

• Newcomen

• Watt• Henry Cort

• Wilkinson

Economic Problems

• Netherlands

• France

• Britain

• Tulip Bulb frenzy

• Mississippi Bubble– John Law

• South Sea Bubble

Germany

• Frederick William the Great Elector

• Frederick I• Frederick William I

• Frederick II the Great

• Clever taking money and power from junkers

• Imitation Louis XIV• “soldier’s king”; cruelty

to sons; tall blonde blue eyed regiment

• Enlightened monarch; warrior, culture, built modern values

Russia

• Ivan the Great

• Ivan the Terrible

• Boris Godunov

• Mikhael Romanov

• Peter the Great

• Victory over opponents united Russia

• Strong ruler, but cruel and devout

• Not royal

• Back to stability

• Five tasks– Church– Boyars– Port– Economy Westernized– Streamline bureacracy