SWEATERS Activity Proposal(Space WEATher Ena Radiation Sensor)

An innovative Micro Pattern Gas Detector (MPGD) for Energetic Neutral Atoms (ENA) detection in the 1-100 KeV energy range

INFN Sezione di Pisa – CSN5

F.Pilo

103/07/2019

Why ENA investigation

• Energetic Neutral Atom (ENA) imaging is a powerful techniquefor planetary environment studies

• ENA which arise from the charge-exchange process between cold geocoronal neutral hydrogen and the local energetic ion populations provide info about the magnetospheric plasma global dynamics

• Possible progresses in Space Weather predictions

(E. De Angelis/S. Orsini seminar @INFN Pisa - 18/06/2019)

• We propose an INNOVATIVE instrument for ENA detection, using well established HEP technologies in an innovative configuration

203/07/2019NASA Mission - Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX)

• Standard ENA instruments are classified according to the investigated Energy range: a unique detection technique for the entire ENA energy range does NOT exist

3

ENA detectors – State of the art

03/07/2019

LENA(Low Energetic

Neutral Atom)

few eV – 1 keV

MENA1 keV – 30 keV

HENA30 keV – hundreds of keV

• It is possible to get a good compromise in mass, energy and angular resolution by using well-known techiniques, like CarbonFoil and 2-D detectors (MCP and SSD) installed in a TOF device

• Mass → Time of Flight (ToF) =L/v; E=1/2mv2

• Energy → ElectrostaBc Analyser or SSD

• Direction → Collimator-Position detection

• Nice to have to match the physics goal

• New detector design should aim to an high "Technology Readiness Level" (TRL) (e.g. ≥ 4 – “Component and/or breadboard functional verification in laboratory environment”)

4

Central FoV Pointing zenith

Field-of-view (FOV) 90° polar x 90° azimuth

FoV res. 5° x 5°

Energy range 1-100 keV

Energy resolution 20%

Particle flux 102 – 105 ENAs/(cm2 s sr)

Mass channels H, He, N, O discrimination

ENA detectors – Performances

03/07/2019

• Neutral atoms are ionized at the detector entrance window equipped with a carbon foil

• The ion is detected and stopped within a detection gas volume

• Electrons from ionization are drifted toward a 2D-readout plane

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Electrons from gas

ionization

Drifted Electrons

Impinging ENA

Edrift

Read-out plane

Entrance Window

wiht CARBON FOIL

A new micro-pattern gas detector (MPGD) for ENA detection

Basically a Homogeneous 3D-Imaging Gas Calorimeter for

neutral particles

03/07/2019

Neutral atom ion conversion

• Carbon foils are a robust and proven technology for ion and neutral atom detection in space

• Typical thickness: 0.5–3.5 μg·cm−2 or ∼2–17 nm

• Conversion efficiency: H 30%, O 20% ... energy dependent

• Scattering and Energy straggling reducedin ultrathin foils

• HERITAGE: great experience from INAF/IAPS detector construction

• Graphene? Is a promising solution to minimize scatteringand straggling https://techport.nasa.gov/view/94407

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pic

03/07/2019

Longitudinal range vs Pressure

• Low pressure is required to stretch the particle tracks

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0,01

0,1

1

10

100

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Ra

ng

e [

mm

]

Ekin [keV]

Longitudinal range - H+ in Pure argon gas

O, 1013 mbar

O, 350 mbar

O, 13 mbar

H, 1013 mbar

H, 350 mbar

H, 13 mbar

03/07/2019

SRIM – Proton of 5keV in pure Argon 10mmHg

• a 100 mm-depth chamber can contain all tracks at O(10) mbar pressure

• Some advantages in design: drastically reduces the constraints in the design of the space-qualified detector; helps in case of entrance window defects (pinholes and tears)

3D track reconstruction

• Position (X,Y) of the impact point at the read-out plane of each drifted electron is measured with high precision using micro-strip or pixel-shaped electrodes (sub-mm pitches)

• Z coordinate is reconstructed from the arrival time measurement using the electron drift velocity (µTPC)

8

The electron drift velocity as extracted from Garfield SIM

SIMULATION

03/07/2019MAMMA collaboration, M. Iodice, Performance studies of Micromegas for

the ATLAS experiment, 2014 JINST 9C01017

Energy measurement

• ENA tracks must be completely contained in the detector volume

• Good energy resolution at requested energy has been already proven e.g. by MIMAC Collaboration (Santos et al. 2011) with MicroMegasdetectors

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Mean energy resolution: ~ 15%

03/07/2019

Particle identification

• Good level of H vs O discrimination is obtained measuring track length as a function of kinetic energy

10

0,01

0,1

1

10

100

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Ra

ng

e [

mm

]

Ekin [keV]

Longitudinal range vs Kinetic Energy

O, 13 mbar

H, 13 mbar

03/07/2019

Experimental tests

• Dedicated MC simulation has been developed using standard HEP software (Geant4, Garfield)

• At relatively low energies, simulation parameters MUST be validated with a dedicated MEASUREMENT CAMPAIGN

1103/07/2019

• Main components for test-beam setup already available• Ion Beam gun / vacuum chamber INAF/IAPS Rome

• Micromegas detector (MPGD) INFN

• Readout electronics 1 channel

Micromegas with 192 um gap: first characterization @ CERN

03/07/2019 12

Test Bench @INFN Pisa

DAQ System

Preamplifier (CAEN A1422 – Charge sensitive)

Oscilloscope used as MCA

PicoAmmeter – Keithley ....

CAEN 2-Ch HV Supply

03/07/2019 13

55Fe X-rays source

Test Bench @INFN Pisa

Support Gas System

03/07/2019 14

40l Volume

MPGD

MFC

MFC

P

Ar

C

O2

Rotameter

Vacuometer

Vacuometer

Ultra low-cost vacuometer!

Test Bench @ INFN Pisa

Detector gain vs Amplification field & gas Pressure

03/07/2019

1,00E+02

1,00E+03

1,00E+04

200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600

Ga

in

Resistive strip Supply Voltage [V]

MM GAIN vs Voltage (192 um gap)

stdP

100mbarP

40mbarP

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Test activity already started @ INAF/IAPS

03/07/2019 16

Ion-ENA beam Lab @INFN/IAPS-Rome

Project workplan• Main goal: 2 years R&D to build a full detector prototype

with performances compliant with specs.

• Permanent test setup @ INAF/IAPS with low energy neutral/charged atoms beam

1703/07/2019

Task name Duration

(month)

Responsible

Micromegas full characterization with charged ions 3 INFN

Micromegas performances evaluation with TB data

and MC (full DAQ required)

3 INFN

New gas cell and readout system design 5 INFN

Detector window design and test 6 INFN/INAF

Readout system production and test 6 INFN

Detector full test and characterization with ENA 6 INFN

2019/2020

2020/2021

Involved INFN personnel

1803/07/2019

Name Role Workload

Percentage [%]

R. Carosi Researcher 20

R. Dell’Orso Researcher 0

F. Frasconi Researcher 20

M. Massa Technologist T.B.D.

A. Moggi Technologist 20

F. Morsani Technologist 40

F. Pilo Researcher 60

A. Terreni Technologist 40

TOTAL 200

Budget requests

• Equipment – 20k

• Full CERN SRS system for Micromegas DAQ – 7k

• Very high precision HV Power Supply - 7k

• New MPGD procurement (from CERN?) - 4k

• Read-out system prototypes - 2k

• Consumables – 5k

• Mechanical/gas system for TB activities

• Travel

ITALY – 80 days

CERN/other countries – 10 days

1903/07/2019

Requests to INFN Pisa

• Servizio Alte Tecnologie: 60 days – Gas system development, metrology and detector assembly activities (@Pisa), TB activities support (@Rome)

• Servizio Elettronico: 60 days – Detector electronics design/testing (@Pisa), TB activities support (@Rome)

• Servizio Officina Meccanica: 20 days – Frames&tools for TB testing activities (@Pisa&Rome)

• Common spaces: ½ OCRA/EEE laboratory (test bench already installed inside)

2003/07/2019

Conclusions

• We propose an INNOVATIVE instrument for ENA detection, using well established HEP technologies in an innovative configuration

• ENA can be detected using a micro-pattern gas detector with 3D imaging capability

• simple, compact and robust device

• all the information from a single device

• Freedom in the choice of detector working conditions to match requested performances

• Drift field intensity, Detector depth and window size, Gas pressure and mixture, Multiplication stage

2103/07/2019