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SPACE RADIO MONITORING STATION LEEHEIM

Station Handbook

Issue: November 2014

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Table of contents

1  DESCRIPTIVE SPECIFICATIONS OF THE SPACE RADIO MONITORING STATION ......................................................... 3 

1.1  GENERAL DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................................................................. 3 1.2  FUNCTIONS ................................................................................................................................................................. 3 

1.2.1  As an aid for planning and coordination ............................................................................................................. 3 1.2.2  As a tool for satellite positioning and operation ................................................................................................. 3 1.2.3  Detection of uplink interferers ............................................................................................................................ 3 

1.3  SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS ............................................................................................................................................. 4 1.3.1  Directional Antennas........................................................................................................................................... 4 1.3.2  Omnidirectional Antennas .................................................................................................................................. 5 1.3.3  Antenna 1 ............................................................................................................................................................ 6 1.3.4  Antenna 2 ............................................................................................................................................................ 6 1.3.5  Antenna 3 ............................................................................................................................................................ 6 1.3.6  Antenna 4 ............................................................................................................................................................ 6 1.3.7  Antenna 5 ............................................................................................................................................................ 6 1.3.8  Omnidirectional Antennas .................................................................................................................................. 6 1.3.8.1  Passive Omnidirectional Antennas ................................................................................................................. 6 1.3.8.2  High Gain Omnidirectional Antenna ............................................................................................................... 7 1.3.9  Computer Controlled Antenna Tracking ............................................................................................................. 8 1.3.10  Antenna Parameters ....................................................................................................................................... 8 1.3.11  Transmitter Location System (TLS) ................................................................................................................. 8 1.3.12  Reference Transmitter for the TLS .................................................................................................................. 8 1.3.13  Frequency Range ............................................................................................................................................ 8 1.3.14  Frequency Spectrum Recorder ........................................................................................................................ 8 1.3.15  2 Channel Real Time Recorder ........................................................................................................................ 9 1.3.16  Device For Measurements Below The Noise Floor .......................................................................................... 9 

1.4  MEASUREMENT PARAMETERS ...................................................................................................................................... 10 

2  TASKS ................................................................................................................................................................. 11 

2.1  SPECTRUM OCCUPANCY MONITORING ........................................................................................................................... 11 2.2  POSITION MEASUREMENTS .......................................................................................................................................... 11 2.3  INTERFERENCE MEASUREMENTS .................................................................................................................................... 11 2.4  PRE‐LAUNCH MONITORING ......................................................................................................................................... 11 

3  WORKING HOURS ............................................................................................................................................... 12 

4  CONTACT ADDRESS ............................................................................................................................................ 12 

5  ANNEXES LIST ..................................................................................................................................................... 13 

ANNEX 1  ANTENNA PARAMETERS .......................................................................................................................................... 14 ANNEX 2  REQUEST FOR MEASUREMENTS ....................................................................................................................... 15 ANNEX 3   ESSENTIAL PARAMETERS FOR TRANSMITTER LOCATION   ‐   PAGE 1 .................................................................................. 16 ANNEX 4  EXAMPLE FREQUENCY ATLAS.................................................................................................................................... 18 ANNEX 5A  EXAMPLE SPECTRUM .......................................................................................................................................... 19 ANNEX 5B  EXAMPLE SPECTRUM .......................................................................................................................................... 20 ANNEX 6  EXAMPLE SPECTRUM MEASURED BELOW THE NOISE FLOOR .......................................................................................... 21 ANNEX 7  EXAMPLE SPECTROGRAM ANALYSIS OF EMISSIONS ....................................................................................................... 22 ANNEX  8      2 CHANNEL REAL TIME RECORDING ......................................................................................................................... 23 ANNEX 9: SPECTROGRAM: MODULATION ANALYSIS FOR THE BURST SIGNALS. ................................................................................... 23 ANNEX 10: SIGNAL ANALYSIS WITH MONICS‐SYSTEM: CARRIER UNDER CARRIER ANALYSIS ................................................................ 24 ANNEX 11  EXAMPLE SUB‐SATELLITE TRACKS IN THE GEOGRAPHICAL GRID ................................................................................. 25 ANNEX 12  EXAMPLE RESULT OF A TRANSMITTER LOCATION MEASUREMENT ............................................................................... 26 

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1 Descriptive Specifications of the Space Radio Monitoring Station

1.1 General Description The Space Radio Monitoring Station Leeheim belongs to the ‘Bundesnetzagentur für Elektrizität, Gas, Telekommunikation, Post und Eisenbahnen’ (Federal Network Agency for Electricity, Gas, Telecommunications, Posts and Railways) or in short ‘Bundesnetzagentur’ / ‘Federal Network Agency’. The Agency's responsibilities include spectrum management and spectrum monitoring. The Monitoring Station Leeheim is located at the river Rhine approximately 35 kilometres south-west of Frankfurt/Main. Its full motion antennas of up to 12 metres in diameter are pointed towards satellites in space. These antennas do not serve commercial transmission purposes. They form the heart of an installation used to monitor the frequency spectrum allocated to space radio services and to detect interference on frequencies used for satellite communications.

1.2 Functions

1.2.1 As an aid for planning and coordination

General orbit observations reveal the actual use of the frequency spectrum for space services. This includes satellite transponder occupancy measurements and the determination of orbital positions in the geostationary orbit. Specific frequency occupancy observations, for example in conjunction with radio frequency coordination procedures, enable potential interference to be detected early during the planning stage of satellite systems.

Field experiments can support the optimization of theoretical models that facilitate the shared use of frequencies by space and terrestrial services.

1.2.2 As a tool for satellite positioning and operation

Pre-launch observations on telemetry and tracking frequencies guarantee the successful positioning of geostationary satellites.

Monitoring satellite emissions, transponder occupancy and satellite positions is an indispensable tool which enables the competent authorities to check whether a satellites is operated as advance published, coordinated and notified internationally.

Interference handling allows sources of harmful interference being detected which otherwise would continue to hinder proper operation of satellite or terrestrial radio services.

1.2.3 Detection of uplink interferers

Cases of up-link interference, i.e. not a satellite is the source of interference but a satellite is the victim, appear more and more. Since users have obtained direct access to satellite capacities, the number of earth stations has risen rapidly. Earth stations are the major source of up-link interference. It can be caused by both technical and operational faults. Illicit uses of satellite transponders and cases of intentional interference to transponders have also been observed. Authorities, operators and users have to cope with this situation.

The monitoring system locates interferers by receiving their signals on 2 different paths, i.e. via the interfered satellite and a neighbouring satellite. The time difference and the frequency difference of the signals received at Leeheim are processed to obtain the geographical co-ordinates of the transmitter. As soon as the location of the interferer is known, the interference can normally be swiftly eliminated.

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1.3 System Characteristics

Location: 49°51'13" N 08°23'50" E

Visible Geostationary Arc: 67° W to 83° E

1.3.1 Directional Antennas

Directional Antennas

Antenna 3

Antenna 2

Antenna 4 (MBA) Antenna 1

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1.3.2 Omnidirectional Antennas

High Gain Omni (HGO)

Conical Spiral Omni Antenna

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1.3.3 Antenna 1

Antenna 1, a 12 m Cassegrain-Beam-Waveguide-Antenna is a broadband antenna designed to cover the 1.0 - 13 GHz frequency range. Rather narrow feeds with optimized characteristics at 1.5 - 1.8 GHz and 2.1 - 2.3 GHz as well as at 10.7 - 12.75 GHz are a pre-requisite for the so-called monopulse tracking for high precision antenna pointing. An adjustable rotary reflector and a slide mounted feed allow switching between the frequency bands.

The rather wide 4.3 - 8.5 GHz frequency slot of Antenna 1 does not allow for monopulse tracking. However, it disposes of accurate computer controlled position tracking capability in all frequency bands.

1.3.4 Antenna 2

Antenna 2 is a Cassegrain-Antenna with a diameter of 8.5 m and a double feedsystem for the frequency ranges 3.2 – 4.2 and 17.7 – 22.0 GHz. Both frequency ranges are simultaneously usable.

1.3.5 Antenna 3

Antenna 3, consisting of a square of 2.4 m * 2.4 m, is composed of 3 sectors of dipole arrays of different size covering in total the frequency band from 130 - 1000 MHz.

1.3.6 Antenna 4

Antenna 4, a 7 m Prime-Focus-Antenna is a multi-band antenna covering the range from 1 - 26.5 GHz. This range consists of eight sub-bands each of which overlaps slightly with the neighbouring sub-bands. The corresponding feed systems are partly of cross dipole and partly of horn type. The feed assembly is placed in the focus of the parabolic reflector. The assignment to a certain sub-band is accomplished by rotating the assembly.

This is an X-Y-mounted antenna, especially suitable for non-geostationary satellites travelling overhead.

1.3.7 Antenna 5

Antenna 5, a 3 m Prime-Focus-Antenna with a broadband logarithmic periodic feed 1 - 26.5 GHz, is mainly used in the Ka-Band from 17.7 - 21.2 GHz. The antenna is mounted as a King-Post-Antenna only for geostationary satellites.

1.3.8 Omnidirectional Antennas

The Station disposes also of omnidirectional antennas to observe simultaneously all emissions from the sky in certain frequency bands, e.g. of a multi-satellite system and identify unknown non-geo Satellites.

1.3.8.1 Passive Omnidirectional Antennas

The overall frequency range for this kind of antennas in Leeheim is 100 - 2500 MHz. It is divided in the range 100 - 1300 MHz and 700 - 2500 MHz.

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1.3.8.2 High Gain Omnidirectional Antenna

The High Gain Omni Antenna is a new and unique design of a horn antenna array and in principle it is a spinning antenna rotated continually in azimuth and moving up and down in the elevation. For the narrowest horn antenna beam and the maximum spinning speed the antenna needs 6 seconds to scan the full hemispherical range. For lower frequency ranges and wider horn antenna beams the scanning time is faster. The frequency range from 500 MHz up to 40 GHz is divided into 5 horn antenna ranges with a gain from 8 up to 21 dBi.

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1.3.9 Computer Controlled Antenna Tracking

Computer controlled antenna tracking of the Antennas 1, 2, 3 and 4 allows to follow geostationary or non-geostationary satellites by means of the so-called “Two Line Elements” (TLE). All kind of satellite orbits are possible to track.

1.3.10 Antenna Parameters

A summary of the parameters of the Antennas 1 - 5 is shown in Annex 1.

1.3.11 Transmitter Location System (TLS)

The transmitter location system is designed to identify the location of radio transmitters on Earth. The concept is to find the parameters of the triangle between the wanted transmitter and two satellites by means of time and frequency measurements. The system works via two monitoring antennas both operating in the same frequency bands.

Either the combination of Antenna 1 with Antenna 4 or of the combination of Antenna 2 with Antenna 4 or of the combination of Antenna 5 with Antenna 4 along with the interfered and an adjacent satellite form the measurement constellation.

For transmitter location the input parameters enlisted in Annex 3 are required.

1.3.12 Reference Transmitter for the TLS

The 4 Reference Transmitter Units transmit reference emissions for the TLS system and can also be used as a calibrator for the correction for the satellite orbital elements. This permits the performance of self-contained measurements which do not have to rely on possibly insufficient orbital data and external reference emissions. The transmitters can be operated stationary and mobile within Germany also in special cases mobile within Europe.

The uplink frequency ranges are:

C-Band: 5850 - 6850 MHz, X-Band: 7900 - 8400 MHz, Ku-Band: 12750 - 14500 MHz, K-Band: 17300 - 18400 MHz

1.3.13 Frequency Range

The frequency range for the directional antennas of the station extends from 130 MHz - 26.5 GHz without any gap.

TLS operation is limited to frequencies available at the Antennas 1, 2 and 5. They cover all the bands of the Fixed Satellite Service (Space-to-Earth) up to 22.0 GHz. In detail the frequency bands are: 1.5 - 1.8 / 2.1 - 2.3 / 3.2 - 4.2 / 4.3 - 8.5 / 10.7 - 12.75 / 17.7 – 22.0 GHz. Antenna 4 (Multiband Antenna) is used as secondary antenna for all kind of TLS-Measurements.

1.3.14 Frequency Spectrum Recorder

The 3 frequency spectrum recorders can be connected to any antenna of the Station. Four frequency bands of up to widths of 600 MHz each (in segments of 120 MHz) can be chosen freely. The spectra of these 3 independent frequency bands can be scanned and recorded simultaneously.

The result of a registration session is a so-called spectrogram as depicted in Annex 7.

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1.3.15 2 Channel Real Time Recorder

The 2 Channel Real Time Recorder digitise synchronous 2 independent signals in real-time with max. bandwidth of 36 MHz and records Power-Spectrum-Data (PSD) and I/Q-Data with min. of 16 Bit-Digitizing. Lossless digitizing of the signals, so that recorded signals can be demodulated / analysed. The minimum recording time with maximum bandwidth is 2.5 h for the I/Q-Data and the PSD-Data of both channels.

1.3.16 Device For Measurements Below The Noise Floor

To measure emissions of low power flux densities a monitoring method is available where the noise floor can be suppressed by typically 12 to 15 dB. This is achieved by multiple measurements of successive spectra, signal digitizing and processing. This device allows displaying spectra below the noise floor up to 100 MHz wide. An example spectrum is shown in Annex 6.

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1.4 Measurement Parameters The station can measure or determine emission characteristics such as:

Frequency Doppler frequency shift Spectrum and bandwidth Class of emission and type of modulation Polarization Power flux density in the reference bandwidth Total power flux density EIRP I/Q-Real-Time-Data

In case of TV emissions:

Sound sub carrier frequencies Coding Program sources etc.

Due to sufficient angular velocities of the 4 antennas in azimuth and elevation these parameters can be measured even in conjunction with non-geostationary satellites.

The station can measure and record orbital tracks in the frequency range 1.5 - 1.8 GHz; 2.3 GHz and 10.75 - 12.75 GHz with monopulse tracking.

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2 Tasks

2.1 Spectrum Occupancy Monitoring Monitoring the spectrum occupancy means to systematically observe the radio frequency spectrum in order to achieve the following objectives:

To identify the basic characteristics of all discoverable emissions from space stations.

To determine whether limits are exceeded or whether there are deviations from the internationally published, co-ordinated and/or notified data.

To derive the data of the actual occupancy of the frequency bands by space stations.

To obtain the data of the actual occupancy of the geostationary orbit positions by space stations.

The results are stored in a database and complemented with spectrum prints for each monitored emission or for an assembly thereof. In this format (frequency atlas: Annex 4) the results can be used for comparison with the internationally filed, co-ordinated and notified parameters. These measurements can be done for the geostationary and the non-geostationary orbit.

2.2 Position Measurements In cases where the inclination or ellipticity of a satellite orbit may cause interference to a neighbouring satellite, the trace of the occupied position has to be measured. This is done with monopulse-tracking over a 24 hour period. The trace of the occupied position is given in geographical coordinates (the sub-satellite point) or in a celestial grid: Annex 8.

2.3 Interference Measurements When interference is reported a clear analysis of the reported data is required. Initial measurements may confirm the report or my require modification of the reported data. In principle, there are two possibilities. Either the source of interference is in space or it is on Earth.

In the case the source of interference is in space, there are two possibilities again. Either a known satellite emits a signal not complying with the publication, co-ordination and/or notification, or an unknown satellite is the source. For identification of the interfering source in space, similar measurements are necessary as for occupancy monitoring, although the goal is different.

In the case of an interferer on Earth that appears in the downlink of a satellite, transmitter location measurements are required.

2.4 Pre-Launch Monitoring During the pre-phase of the launch of a satellite the frequencies used for telemetry, telecommand and tracking are monitored with respect to the planned orbit.

The measurement results facilitate a safer launch and a safer positioning of the satellite.

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3 Working Hours The regular hours of service at Leeheim Monitoring Station are as follows: Mondays to Thursdays 0800 hours - 1600 hours local time Fridays 0800 hours - 1500 hours local time Due to flexitime the station may also be manned outside these hours. Leeheim Monitoring Station is not attended on public holidays.

4 Contact Address Bundesnetzagentur Space Radio Monitoring Station Leeheim Satelliten-Messstelle D 64560 Riedstadt, Germany During the regular working hours the station can be contacted through the following communication details: phone: +49 6158 940-0 fax: +49 6158 940-180 email: Space.Monitoring@BNetzA.de Outside the regular working hours, instructions on how to reach an operator are given on the answering machine. Contact Persons: Klaus Mecher phone: +49 6131 18-5126 fax: +49 6131 18-5612 email: Klaus.Mecher@BNetzA.de Peter Steiner phone: +49 6158 940-218 fax: +49 6158 940-180 email: Peter.Steiner@BNetzA.de

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5 Annexes List

ANNEX 1  ANTENNA PARAMETERS ......................................................................................... FEHLER! TEXTMARKE NICHT DEFINIERT. ANNEX 2  REQUEST FOR MEASUREMENTS ...................................................................... FEHLER! TEXTMARKE NICHT DEFINIERT. ANNEX 3   ESSENTIAL PARAMETERS FOR TRANSMITTER LOCATION   ‐   PAGE 1 ................................. FEHLER! TEXTMARKE NICHT DEFINIERT. ANNEX 4  EXAMPLE FREQUENCY ATLAS................................................................................... FEHLER! TEXTMARKE NICHT DEFINIERT. ANNEX 5A   EXAMPLE SPECTRUM ............................................................................................. FEHLER! TEXTMARKE NICHT DEFINIERT. ANNEX 5B   EXAMPLE SPECTRUM .............................................................................................. FEHLER! TEXTMARKE NICHT DEFINIERT. ANNEX 6  EXAMPLE SPECTRUM MEASURED BELOW THE NOISE FLOOR ......................................... FEHLER! TEXTMARKE NICHT DEFINIERT. ANNEX 7  EXAMPLE SPECTROGRAM ANALYSIS OF EMISSIONS ...................................................... FEHLER! TEXTMARKE NICHT DEFINIERT. ANNEX 8      2 CHANNEL REAL TIME RECORDING .......................................................................... FEHLER! TEXTMARKE NICHT DEFINIERT. ANNEX 9       SPECTROGRAM: MODULATION ANALYSIS FOR THE BURST SIGNALS. ................................. FEHLER! TEXTMARKE NICHT DEFINIERT. ANNEX 10    SIGNAL ANALYSIS WITH MONICS‐SYSTEM: CARRIER UNDER CARRIER ANALYSIS ................. FEHLER! TEXTMARKE NICHT DEFINIERT. ANNEX 11    EXAMPLE SUB‐SATELLITE TRACKS IN THE GEOGRAPHICAL GRID ..................................... FEHLER! TEXTMARKE NICHT DEFINIERT. ANNEX 12    EXAMPLE RESULT OF A TRANSMITTER LOCATION MEASUREMENT .................................. FEHLER! TEXTMARKE NICHT DEFINIERT. 

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Annex 1 Antenna Parameters SPACE RADIO MONITORING STATION LEEHEIM Parameter Antenna 5

1.5- 2.1- 4.3 - 10.7 - 3.2 - 17.7 - 0.13 - 0.25 - 0.5 - 1.0 - 1.9 - 3.2 - 4.3 - 7.2 - 9.9 - 12.5 - 17.3 - 17.7 -1.8 2.3 8.5 12.75 4.2 22.0 0.25 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.3 4.4 7.3 10.1 12.75 17.7 26.5 21.2

King-PostAz/El,

Prime Focus

Antenna Size 4 m2 2 m2 2 m2 3 m Ø

Polarization Adjustment

no no yes yes yes yes yes

Antenna Gain (dBi) 44 47 49-56 61-62 48-51 63-65 8 - 11 10 - 14 14-18 34-39 40-45 45-47 47–50 51-54 54–56 56-57 58-59 47-50

G/T (dBK-1) 22 25 27-33 39-41 25-29 36-37 15-19 20-23 24-26 26-28 29-31 32-33 32-33 34-33 19-21

Az. 0.5°/sEl. 0.5°/s

Acceleration

noMonopul.-

Track

Frequency Uncertainty

Antenna 1 Antenna 3 Antenna 4

Frequency- Band (GHz)

Antenna Type

Full Motion Az/ElCassegrain

Beam Waveguide

Full Motion, XY-Mount Prime Focus

12 m Ø 7 m Ø

Full Motion Az/ElPlanar Dipole Array

LX, LY LX, LY LX, LYPolarization LX LYLX, LY RHC

LX, LY RHC

yes

LX, LYLX, LYLX, LY, RHC, LHC LX, LY

Angle Velocity

Az. 16°/sEl. 3.5°/s

Az. 10°/sEl. 10°/s

Manually, Program Track

Antenna 2

Lx, LY

X axle: 3.5°/sY axle: 3.5°/s

10°/s2 10°/s2 3.5°/s2

-

no

ManuallyManually, Program-Track

Level Uncertainty rss* Error

1.6 dB

(95% Confidence Level)

1.6 dB

(95% Confidence Level)

1.6 dB

Antenna Tracking

Monopulse-Track

(95% Confidence Level)

not applicable

1*10-12 (rubidium standard)

Az. 5°/sEl. 5°/s5°/s2

Manually Program Track

1.6 dB

(95% Confidence

Manually, Program Track

LX, LY, RHC, LHC

8.5 m Ø

Full Motion Az/El, Cassegrain

*rss = root sum square

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Annex 2 REQUEST FOR MEASUREMENTS Addressee: Space Radio Monitoring Submitter : Station Leeheim Name : Date : Time (UTC) : Ref.-Nr. : Mail: Space.Monitoring@bnetza.de Mail : Telephone: +49 6158 940-0 Telephone : Telefax: +49 6158 940-180 Telefax : URGENT ( YES / NO ) Impact on Service ( YES / NO ) Part A Data of the interferer Name of the station or characteristics which may facilitate the identification

Frequency [MHz] Type of transmission Bandwidth [kHz] Field strength / power flux density Polarisation Time of interference Other details Further enclosed information (Annex) Remarks: Part B Data on the interfered station Name of the station Assigned frequency [MHz] Type of transmission Bandwidth [kHz] Other details (e.g. time of occurrence)) Further enclosed information (Annex) Remarks:

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Annex 3 Essential Parameters for Transmitter Location - Page 1

Continued on the next page with Reference Station Data

Unit to be completed

Interfering Signal

1 Type of interferer at the time of submission of data: 2 Interferer frequency in the uplink: MHz 3 Interferer polarisation in the uplink: 4 Interferer bandwidth: kHz

Interfered Satellite

5 Name of the interfered satellite (as ITU filing): 6 Norad Number of space craft: 7 Nominal orbit position: Degree 8 Satellite operator (responsible for the detailed information): 9 Interfered transponder: Number

10 Centre frequency of transponder in the uplink: MHz 11 Frequency range of transponder in the uplink: MHz 12 Polarization of transponder in the uplink: 13 dB-contours of service area in which the interferer is uplinked: Annex No. 14 Centre frequency of transponder in the downlink: MHz 15 Frequency range of transponder in the downlink: MHz 16 Polarization of transponder in the downlink: 17 dB-contours of service area in which the interferer is downlinked: Annex No.

Interfered Satellite

Orbital Data

18 Epoch as close as possible to the intended measurement date: Date/Time 19 Semi Major Axis: Meter 20 Eccentricity: 21 Inclination: Degree 22 Right Ascension of the Ascending Node (RAAN): 23 Argument of Perigee: Degree 24 either Mean Anomaly: Degree 25 or Longitude at Epoch: Degree 26 Date of next expected orbit manoeuvre: Date/Time 27 Ephemeris Type (Cartesian/Classical/EutelSatOsc/TLE) 28 Coordinate System (ECF/J2000/MeanOfDate/MeanOfEpoch….)

Adjacent Satellite

29 Name of the interfered satellite (as ITU filing): 30 Norad Number of space craft: 31 Nominal orbit position: Degree 32 Satellite operator (responsible for the detailed information): 33 Interfered transponder: No. 34 Centre frequency of transponder in the uplink: MHz 35 Frequency range of transponder in the uplink: MHz 36 Polarization of transponder in the uplink: 37 dB-contours of service area in which the interferer is uplinked: Annex No. 38 Centre frequency of transponder in the downlink: MHz 39 Frequency range of transponder in the downlink: MHz 40 Polarization of transponder in the downlink: 41 dB-contours of service area in which the interferer is downlinked: Annex No.

Adjacent Satellite

Orbital Data

 

42 Epoch as close as possible to the intended measurement date: Date/Time 43 Semi Major Axis: Meter 44 Eccentricity: 45 Inclination: Degree 46 Right Ascension of the Ascending Node (RAAN): 47 Argument of Perigee: Degree 48 either Mean Anomaly: Degree 49 or Longitude at Epoch: Degree 50 Date of next expected orbit manoeuvre: Date/Time 51 Ephemeris Type (Cartesian/Classical/EutelSatOsc/TLE) 52 Coordinate System (ECF/J2000/MeanOfDate/MeanOfEpoch….)

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Essential Parameters for Transmitter Location - Page 2 Reference Stations Which transmit continuously in the same uplink coverage and the same transponder as the interferer, with the same polarisation. The antenna diameter should be as small as possible.

Reference Stations

Unit Reference 1 Reference 253 Uplink centre frequency of reference transmission: MHz 54 Bandwidth: kHz 55 Type of modulation: 56 Downlink centre frequency via interfered satellite: MHz 57 Downlink centre frequency via adjacent satellite: MHz 58 Antenna diameter: Meter 59 Geographical longitude of the antenna site: 60 Geographical latitude of the antenna site: 61 Geographical information exactly or roughly: 62 Town within which the site is located: 63 Country within which the site is located:

Reference Stations

Unit Reference 3 Reference 464 Uplink centre frequency of reference transmission: MHz 65 Bandwidth: kHz 66 Type of modulation: 67 Downlink centre frequency via interfered satellite: MHz 68 Downlink centre frequency via adjacent satellite: MHz 69 Antenna diameter: Meter 70 Geographical longitude of the antenna site: 71 Geographical latitude of the antenna site: 72 Geographical information exactly or roughly: 73 Town within which the site is located: 74 Country within which the site is located:

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Annex 4 Example Frequency Atlas

OBSERVATION AND MEASUREMENT RESULTS

Station identification Position results <1> space station: XYXYXYSAT-1R <110>

orbital position [°]

<190> elevation

Leeheim [°]remark

date of monitoring YYMMDD

<191> distance

[km] <2> responsible Administration: XYZ

<3> nominal position: 15,5E 15,5E 32,47

sign

al <115>

frequency [MHz] re

mar

ks

<116> bandwidth emission re

mar

ks

<117> PFD

[dBW] rem

arks

<118> EIRP [dBW] re

mar

ks

<119> polari-sation re

mar

ks

<131> occu-pancy

spectra

YYMMDD:HHMM Anne

x observation/ registration

YYMMDD-MMDD Anne

x

A 2210,000 1M00 O 2210,000 4499 100M 599 -152,0 4699 L-X 040421-0422 O 2210,000 4499 100M 599 -152,0 4699 L-Y 040420-0421 A 2218,500 1M00 O 2218,500 4499 100M 599 -152,0 4699 L-X 040421-0422 O 2218,500 4499 100M 599 -152,0 4699 L-Y 040420-0421 A 2281,000 1M00 O 2281,000 4499 100M 599 -152,0 4699 L-X 040421-0422 O 2281,000 4499 100M 599 -152,0 4699 L-Y 040420-0421 A 2288,000 1M00 O 2288,000 4499 100M 599 -152,0 4699 L-X 040421-0422 O 2288,000 4499 100M 599 -152,0 4699 L-Y 040420-0421 A=assigned, M=measured, O=observed, B=assigned beacon; N=no assignment

Extract of legend: Generally applicable provisions The term "assigned" is always used if details of the space station observed are recorded in ITU publications and if the measured characteristics can be matched with the published characteristics. This term is used independently of the actual circumstances. If the same position has been assigned to several space stations and …. …. Meaning of the weighting code Each of the rows comprising the measurement and observation results contains additional columns headed “Remarks" after the following columns: <110> Position <115> Frequency <116> Bandwidth of emission and emission

characteristics <117> PFD in reference bandwidth <118> EIRP <119> Polarisation <1> Name of space station The name indicated is that specified under <1>. Any unknown space stations are allocated the designation “UNKNOWN” supplemented with a fictitious nominal position. <2> Responsible Administration <8> Nominal geographical longitude of the geostationary satellite orbit, in degrees. Negative and positive values denote positions to the west and to the east of the Greenwich meridian respectively…………..

End of extract! The legend may extend over several pages as required.

X X X X

3-digit code group indicating the standard formulationinterpreting the measurement result as contained in Annex 1.

Origin of the measured value. This is not indicated fora bandwidth measurement value entered under <<116>>since it always originates from an individual measurement.

1 Measured value in general2 Individual measurement3 Observation4 Registration5 -6 -7 Assigned frequency8 -9 -

Code M e a n i n g

Fig. 1

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Annex 5a Example Spectrum

-140

-135

-130

-125

-120

-115

-110

125

66,3

00

125

66,5

00

125

66,7

00

125

66,9

00

125

67,1

00

125

67,3

00

125

67,5

00

125

67,7

00

125

67,9

00

125

68,1

00

125

68,3

00

Rea

do

ut

An

aliz

er [

dB

m]

Frequency [MHz]

Space Radio Monitoring Station Leeheim

Spectrum Analysis

Date, Time : 21.11.2005 08:24:49 [UTC]Analizer: R&S, FSIQ26

Centre Frequency: 12567,300 MHz, Span: 2 MHzResolution Bandwith: 3 kHz, Video Bandwith: 10 kHz, Sweep Time: 0,6006 sec

Detector: RMS, Trace Operation: Clear/Write

Name/Callsign of Station : ExampleAssigned Frequency :Designation of emission :

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Annex 5b Example Spectrum

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Annex 6 Example Spectrum Measured Below the Noise Floor

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Annex 7 Example Spectrogram Analysis of Emissions

Recording of LEO-Satellite passing’s

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Annex 8 2 Channel Real Time Recording In- and out-off-band comparison Annex 9: Spectrogram: Modulation analysis for the burst signals.

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Annex 10: Signal Analysis with Monics-System: Carrier under Carrier Analysis

Interferer

Carrier

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Annex 11 Example Sub-Satellite Tracks in the Geographical Grid Measured by means of monopulse tracking Visualized from ephemeris data

0°

1°

-1°

2°

-2°

Enlarged

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Annex 12 Example Result of a Transmitter Location Measurement GROUND BASED GEOLOCATION REPORT - Page 1

GROUND BASED GEOLOCATION REPORT

DATE OF REPORT

DOCUMENT REFERENCE

NUMBER

C 203/00011/07

satID System SCENERIO

Operational

REPORT ORIGINATOR : satID - System

GEOLOCATION OPERATOR: Monitoring Station Leeheim

RELATED DOCUMENTS :

SESSION REFERENCE : 07-04-17_ASTRA

SAMPLE NUMBER : 109 taken on 25/04/2007 at 13:08:16

SAMPLE BANDWIDTH : 300 kHz

SAMPLERATE: 377.812500 kHz

SAMPLE LENGTH: 2.775387 Seconds

NUMBER OF BLOCKS : 32

LOCATION RESULT (Lat, Lon, or state if not resolved) : 50.981°N 6.885°E

LOCATION MAP DISPLAY :

See attached maps

MAIN SATELLITE :

Name: ASTRA3A

Transponder Number: G21

Orbital Location : 23.5 E

Uplink Polarisation:

ADJACENT SATELLITE :

Name: W2

Transponder Number: F5

Orbital Location : 16.0 E

TARGET SIGNAL DETAILS :

Satellite: ASTRA3A

Uplink Frequency: 14191.250 MHz

Tar. DTO: -0.993888 ms

Tar. DFO: 3.472942 Hz

Tar. SNR: 27.15 dB

REFERENCE SIGNAL DETAILS :

Name: ASTR3A-2

Satellite: W2

Uplink Frequency: 14201.000 MHz

Signal Bandwidth: 300.000 KHz

Known Location (Lat, Lon): 49.853°N 8.397°E

Ref. DTO: -0.954654 ms

Ref. DFO: 3.492883 Hz

Ref. SNR: 20.35 dB

PREFERENCES: Acq: Number of block: 32 Blocksize: 1048576 Dsp: Phase correction: ½ Time Width = 0.000010 ½ Frequency Width = 2.500000 Acceleration: Not Applied. Loc: Time search range: 500.000000 Frequency search range: 500.000000 EVENT SUPPORT REQUIRED : (yes/no) Authorised By :

(Ops Manager) Event Support Operator :

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GROUND BASED GEOLOCATION REPORT - Page 2

Remarks (including spectral plot if available)

Transponder OccupationASTRA-3A (Interfered) EUTELSAT-W2 and ASTRA-1E (Adjacent Satellites)

-87

-85

-83

-81

-79

-77

-75

-73

-71

-69

-67

-65

-63

-61

-59

-57

-55

141

66

141

68

141

70

141

72

141

74

141

76

141

78

141

80

141

82

141

84

141

86

141

88

141

90

141

92

141

94

141

96

141

98

142

00

142

02

142

04

142

06

142

08

142

10

142

12

142

14

142

16

Uplink Frequency [MHz]

Re

lati

ve L

evel

[d

B]

EUTELSAT-W2 (16°E) ASTRA-1E (19,2°E) ASTRA-3A (23,5°E)

TLS-Reference-Transmitter Leeheim

TLS-Reference-Transmitter Betzdorf

Interferer

In this area is only temporarily occupancy in the satellite W2

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GROUND BASED GEOLOCATION REPORT - Page 3 LOCATION RESULT: Köln Area Overview

LOCATION RESULT: 50.981°N 6.885°E Detail