Space – Lesson 1 C/WRevising Earth and Space24-Oct-15 Aim:* recap ideas about the Earth and space.

Space – Lesson 1Space – Lesson 1

C/WC/W Revising Earth and SpaceRevising Earth and SpaceApr 20, 2023Apr 20, 2023

Aim:Aim: * recap ideas about the Earth and space * recap ideas about the Earth and space

Questions (finish by 10.25am)Questions (finish by 10.25am)

1.1. How long does the Earth take to orbit the sun?How long does the Earth take to orbit the sun?2.2. What causes day and night?What causes day and night?3.3. What causes seasons?What causes seasons?4.4. Draw a diagram showing the apparent path of the Draw a diagram showing the apparent path of the sun across the sky – draw two paths, one for winter sun across the sky – draw two paths, one for winter and one for summer.and one for summer.5.5. What does the moon orbit around?What does the moon orbit around?6.6. How long does the moon take to complete one orbit?How long does the moon take to complete one orbit?7.7. Why do we see moon phases (crescent, full moon Why do we see moon phases (crescent, full moon etc.)?etc.)?8.8. What causes an eclipse?What causes an eclipse?9.9. Surely there should be an eclipse every month then?Surely there should be an eclipse every month then?


1.1. List the nine planets in order.List the nine planets in order.2.2. What surface temperature would you expect for What surface temperature would you expect for Mercury?Mercury?3.3. What surface temperature would you expect for What surface temperature would you expect for Pluto?Pluto?4.4. Draw a sketch graph showing how you think orbit Draw a sketch graph showing how you think orbit time varies with distance from the sun.time varies with distance from the sun.5.5. Why is Mars brighter than Pluto in the sky?Why is Mars brighter than Pluto in the sky?6.6. Why is does Mars sometimes look bigger than Why is does Mars sometimes look bigger than Jupiter, even though it’s smaller?Jupiter, even though it’s smaller?7.7. Why is Venus brighter than Mars, even when it’s Why is Venus brighter than Mars, even when it’s further away?further away?


1.1. Is there any gravity in space?Is there any gravity in space?a.a. If yes, why are astronauts weightless?If yes, why are astronauts weightless?b.b. If no, why do we orbit the sun and not fly off into If no, why do we orbit the sun and not fly off into space?space?2.2. Is there any gravity on the Moon? What evidence Is there any gravity on the Moon? What evidence have you got for your answer?have you got for your answer?

Complete Title PageComplete Title Page

• Try to include …Try to include …– an Earth-movement effect (path of the sun, an Earth-movement effect (path of the sun,

eclipse, moon phases etc.) andeclipse, moon phases etc.) and– some properties of three planets.some properties of three planets.

C/WC/W Orbits and SatellitesOrbits and SatellitesApr 20, 2023Apr 20, 2023

Aims:Aims: * describe how gravity determines orbits* describe how gravity determines orbits* describe the orbits of comets* describe the orbits of comets* describe uses and orbits of satellites* describe uses and orbits of satellites

DemoDemo

Please …Please …

1. Draw the demonstration.1. Draw the demonstration.

2. Explain:-2. Explain:-

* why the bung does not fly off,* why the bung does not fly off,

* how the speed, distance and force are * how the speed, distance and force are related.related.

Copy & completeCopy & complete

smallersmaller gravitygravity slowlyslowly

The Sun’s ____ keeps the planets in orbit. The Sun’s ____ keeps the planets in orbit. The force of gravity is ____ further from the The force of gravity is ____ further from the Sun. This means the outer planets move more Sun. This means the outer planets move more _____ in their orbits._____ in their orbits.

Comets

http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/comets/comet_model_interactive.html

Copy, draw and answer …Copy, draw and answer …

Comets orbit in ellipses (flattened circles). Comets orbit in ellipses (flattened circles). They are sometimes near the Sun and other They are sometimes near the Sun and other times far away.times far away.

SunSun AA In which positionIn which position

do you think thedo you think the

CC comet is comet is mostmost

BB Earth’s orbitEarth’s orbit visible? Why?visible? Why?

Uses & Orbits of SatellitesUses & Orbits of Satellites

Geostationary orbits:

Low polar orbits:

Uses & Orbits of SatellitesUses & Orbits of Satellites

Artificial Satellites – Copy & completeArtificial Satellites – Copy & complete

1) Observation (e.g. Hubble Space 1) Observation (e.g. Hubble Space Telescope) – these are in orbit high above Telescope) – these are in orbit high above the Earth and can observe the universe the Earth and can observe the universe without interference by the ____________without interference by the ____________

2) Communications (e.g. ___, 2) Communications (e.g. ___, phone, car “SatNav” systems) – phone, car “SatNav” systems) – these satellites are in these satellites are in “geostationary” orbits. This means “geostationary” orbits. This means that the satellite always stays that the satellite always stays above ____ ____ point on the Earth above ____ ____ point on the Earth and takes a ______ to complete an and takes a ______ to complete an orbitorbit

3) Monitoring 3) Monitoring (e.g. weather, (e.g. weather, spy satellites) – spy satellites) – these satellites these satellites have a “___ have a “___ _____” orbit and _____” orbit and may scan around may scan around the Earth several the Earth several times a daytimes a dayWords – the same, atmosphere, low polar, TV, day

C/WC/W Formation & Life of StarsFormation & Life of StarsApr 20, 2023Apr 20, 2023

Aims:Aims: * describe the lifecycle of a star* describe the lifecycle of a star* explain how stars generate energy* explain how stars generate energy

Tim & MobyTim & Moby

Tim & Moby – QuestionsTim & Moby – Questions

1.1. What do stars start out as?What do stars start out as?2.2. What pulls them closer together?What pulls them closer together?3.3. Why do they heat up?Why do they heat up?4.4. What happens to the hydrogen atoms when the What happens to the hydrogen atoms when the

protostar is hot enough?protostar is hot enough?5.5. What stage in its life is the Sun at?What stage in its life is the Sun at?6.6. What will happen when its hydrogen runs out?What will happen when its hydrogen runs out?7.7. What happens after it becomes a white dwarf?What happens after it becomes a white dwarf?8.8. What two steps happen to much heavier stars?What two steps happen to much heavier stars?9.9. What happens to the most heavy stars?What happens to the most heavy stars?

Now …Now …

Draw a flowchart showing the Draw a flowchart showing the lifecycle of stars (there is an lifecycle of stars (there is an example on one noticeboard example on one noticeboard

behind you)behind you)

Think and answer …Think and answer …

* Thinking about the formation of the star …* Thinking about the formation of the star …How do you think planets formed?How do you think planets formed?

* Thinking about the very hot centre of the Sun …* Thinking about the very hot centre of the Sun …Why doesn’t the Sun expand? What force Why doesn’t the Sun expand? What force balances the outward heat pressure?balances the outward heat pressure?

* For higher tier students …* For higher tier students …If black holes are totally dark, how do we know If black holes are totally dark, how do we know they’re there?they’re there?There are plenty of heavy elements on Earth – There are plenty of heavy elements on Earth – where must they have come from?where must they have come from?

SolutionsSolutions

• Planets form from the Planets form from the remaining dust around remaining dust around the protostarthe protostar

• Stars are in balance – Stars are in balance – gravity pulling in, and gravity pulling in, and hot gases pushing outhot gases pushing out

• Black holes suck matter Black holes suck matter from nearby starsfrom nearby stars

• Heavy elements come Heavy elements come from former supernovaefrom former supernovae

Making a spectrometerMaking a spectrometer

• Make an eyehole in Make an eyehole in the bottom of one can the bottom of one can (about a pencil’s (about a pencil’s diameter)diameter)

• Glue the CD at about Glue the CD at about 4545ºº facing the hole facing the hole

• Tape the second can Tape the second can above the first oneabove the first one

• Come to have a slit Come to have a slit made in the topmade in the top

LightLight

EyeholeEyehole

CD sliverCD sliver

Paper PaddingPaper Padding

Top canTop can

Bottom canBottom can

C/WC/W The UniverseThe UniverseApr 20, 2023Apr 20, 2023

Aims:Aims: * compare the sizes of objects in space* compare the sizes of objects in space* explain how the Universe started* explain how the Universe started

Sing-along … The Galaxy SongSing-along … The Galaxy Song

Put these objects in size orderPut these objects in size order

Comet / asteroidComet / asteroidGalaxyGalaxyMoonMoon

UniverseUniverseSolar systemSolar system

Dust grainDust grainStarStar

PlanetPlanetFTFTHTHT

It’s time for …It’s time for …

Universe play your cards rightUniverse play your cards right

Summary – copy and completeSummary – copy and complete

The Sun is one of the ______The Sun is one of the ______The Milky Way is one of the ________The Milky Way is one of the ________A galaxy contains billions of _______A galaxy contains billions of _______The Universe contains billions of _______The Universe contains billions of _______Stars are further apart than _______Stars are further apart than _______Galaxies are further apart than ______Galaxies are further apart than ______

starsstars galaxiesgalaxies starsstarsgalaxiesgalaxies planetsplanets starsstars

FTFT

Think – Birth of the UniverseThink – Birth of the Universe

Light from stars has a longer wavelength (lower Light from stars has a longer wavelength (lower frequency) than we expectfrequency) than we expect

It looks redder than it should – we say it is “red It looks redder than it should – we say it is “red shifted”shifted”

Light from the furthest galaxies has the highest Light from the furthest galaxies has the highest red-shiftred-shift

Scientists’ explanation for this is that the space Scientists’ explanation for this is that the space between galaxies is expanding, stretching the between galaxies is expanding, stretching the light waves gradually over timelight waves gradually over time

Making a red shift modelMaking a red shift model

1.1. Draw your modelDraw your model

2.2. Explain what it showsExplain what it shows

3.3. How must the Universe have looked in the How must the Universe have looked in the

past if it is expanding now?past if it is expanding now?

4.4. What do we call that initial phase where What do we call that initial phase where

the Universe started rapidly expanding?the Universe started rapidly expanding?

Summary – copy and completeSummary – copy and complete

The Sun is one of the ______The Sun is one of the ______The Milky Way is one of the ________The Milky Way is one of the ________A galaxy contains billions of _______A galaxy contains billions of _______The Universe contains billions of _______The Universe contains billions of _______Stars are further apart than _______Stars are further apart than _______Galaxies are further apart than ______Galaxies are further apart than ______

starsstars galaxiesgalaxies starsstarsgalaxiesgalaxies planetsplanets starsstars

Interactive SummaryInteractive Summary

Put us in size order …Put us in size order …

C/WC/W Is there anybody out there?Is there anybody out there?Apr 20, 2023Apr 20, 2023

Aims:Aims: * describe ways of collecting evidence* describe ways of collecting evidence* explain how to analyse the evidence* explain how to analyse the evidence

Discuss – 3 minutesDiscuss – 3 minutes

How could we collect evidence How could we collect evidence for life on other planets?for life on other planets?

Discuss – 1 minuteDiscuss – 1 minute


Discuss – 30 secondsDiscuss – 30 seconds


STOPSTOP


Collecting EvidenceCollecting Evidence

1.1. Go to another planet and look for yourselfGo to another planet and look for yourself

2.2. Send a space probe (robotic lander)Send a space probe (robotic lander)

3.3. Listen for radio signalsListen for radio signals


List a disadvantage of each List a disadvantage of each methodmethod

Discuss – 1 minuteDiscuss – 1 minute


Discuss – 30 secondsDiscuss – 30 seconds


STOPSTOP


Collecting EvidenceCollecting Evidence

1.1. Takes too long to get thereTakes too long to get there

2.2. Can only reach nearby planets in timeCan only reach nearby planets in time

3.3. Don’t know what wavelength to tune into, Don’t know what wavelength to tune into,

or which direction to point the aerialor which direction to point the aerial

Analysing EvidenceAnalysing Evidence

• Robot landers may take Robot landers may take photosphotos or collect or collect samplessamples that contain organisms (that contain organisms (e.g.e.g. microbes), microbes), or their fossils.or their fossils.

• Robot landers may collect samples that show Robot landers may collect samples that show chemicalschemicals caused by the presence of life ( caused by the presence of life (e.g.e.g. on Earth there’s lots of on Earth there’s lots of oxygenoxygen showing we showing we have plant life).have plant life).

• The most likely places to look are The most likely places to look are MarsMars and and EuropaEuropa..

• The search for extra-terrestrial intelligence The search for extra-terrestrial intelligence (SETI), using (SETI), using radioradio telescopes has gone on for telescopes has gone on for more than forty years, so far without success.more than forty years, so far without success.

NoiseNoise Signal?Signal?

Design CompetitionDesign Competition

• Your team work for NASA designing a probe to Your team work for NASA designing a probe to Europa. (The best design wins chocolate.)Europa. (The best design wins chocolate.)

• The probe will be dropped from an orbiting The probe will be dropped from an orbiting “mother ship”.“mother ship”.

• Europa has weak gravity like on our moon and a Europa has weak gravity like on our moon and a hard, icy surface.hard, icy surface.

• Design the probe; either a labelled drawing or Design the probe; either a labelled drawing or description will be fine.description will be fine.

• Include in your design an explanation of how it Include in your design an explanation of how it will collect and analyse evidence for microbes on will collect and analyse evidence for microbes on Europa.Europa.

How many ears does Mr. How many ears does Mr. Spock have?Spock have?

Three – his left ear, his right ear Three – his left ear, his right ear and his final front-ear.and his final front-ear.

The End (of Space)The End (of Space)Homework: Revise for test!Homework: Revise for test!

but does space but does space havehave an end … ? an end … ?

Space – Lesson 1 C/WRevising Earth and Space24-Oct-15 Aim:* recap ideas about the Earth and space.

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Transcript of Space – Lesson 1 C/WRevising Earth and Space24-Oct-15 Aim:* recap ideas about the Earth and space.